Organic Chemistry

Part 1

The Basics of Organic ChemistryOrganic chemistry is concerned

with _______- containing molecules.carbon

Many of the ___________ found in all _______ things contain carbon!

compoundsliving

Carbon Basics

• Bohr Model of Carbon

6P6N

Atomic Symbol: _____

Atomic Number: _____

Atomic Mass: _____

# of protons: _____

# of neutrons: _____# of electrons: _____

# of valence electrons: _____

C

6

12 amu

6

66

4

Carbon Basics

Since carbon has ___ valence electrons, it needs ____ more to complete its valence shell.

44

Each carbon atom will form ___ __________ bonds with other atoms.

4covalent

Carbon will form these bonds with:

Other __________, ___, the halogens (__, ____, ___, ___, ___) or __, __, ___ or ___.

carbons H FCl Br I At O N S P

Hydrocarbons

These compounds contain only _________ and __________.carbon hydroge

nThere are two different categories of hydrocarbons:

___________, which has a ________ structure, C’s arranged in a _______.

Aliphatic

simplechain

___________, which has a ________ structure and contains _________ bonds between some C atoms.

Aromatic

ringdouble

HydrocarbonsThere are 4 different categories of aliphatic hydrocarbons:1. _________: only _______ bonds between carbon atoms

Alkanes single

2. _________: contain 1 or more ________bonds between carbon atoms

Alkenesdouble

3. _________: contain 1 or more ________bonds between carbon atoms

Alkynestriple

4. ________: carbon atoms are joined together in a _______.

Cyclicring

AlkanesThe simplest of all aliphatic hydrocarbons, they contain only _______ bonds between carbons.

single

C C CH H

HHHH

HH

AlkanesAlkanes have the __________ number of _________ to complete carbon’s 4 bonds.

maximumhydrogen

sHydrocarbons with only _______ bonds and the maximum number of H’s are considered to be __________.

single

saturated

***Remember saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats have the __________ number of ____ possible.

maximumH’s

Alkanes, con’t…Alkanes are named for the _________ of carbons _________ together.

numberbonded

The _________ chain of carbons is the ________ chain.

longestparent

To name an alkane, _______ the number of carbons in the parent chain, add the correct ________, and the name ends in ______.

count

prefix“-ane”

Organic Prefixes# of Carbons in chain Prefix

1 Meth-

2 Eth-

3 Prop-

4 But-

5 Pent-

6 Hex-

7 Hept-

8 Oct-

9 Non-

10 Dec-

Example:

C CH

HH

C C CH H H H

HHHHH

# carbons in parent chain: ___

Correct prefix: ________

Prefix + “-ane” = ___________

5

Pent-

Pentane