ORGANIC CHEMISTRYStudy of chemistry of carbon compounds.

Type of compound General structural formula

Name of functional

group

Example IUPAC name

Alkane R ― H CH3CH2CH3 Propane

Alkene R RC = C

R R

Alkene CH3CH2CH = CH2 But-1-ene or 1-butene

Alkyne R ― C = C ― R H ― C = C ― H Ethyne

Alcohol R ― OH Hydroxyl CH3CH2CH2OH Propan-1-ol or 1-propanol

Halide R ―X Halo CH3CHClCH2CH3 2-chloro-butane

Ether R ―O ― R Ether CH3―O―CH2CH3 Methoxylethene

Aldehyde OII

R ― C ― H

Carbonyl CH3CH2CHO Propanal

Ketone OII

R ― C ― R

Carbonyl O IICH3 C CH2CH3

Butanone

Carboxylic Acid OII

R ― C ― OH

Carbonyl CH3COOH Ethanoic acid

Ester O IIR ― C ― O ― R

Ester O IICH3COCH2CH3

Ethyl ethanoate

Amide O IIR ― C ― NH2

Amide O IICH3 C―NH2

Ethanamide

Amine R ― NH2 amine CH3CH2NH2 Ethylamine

Structural representation of organic compounds.

H H

H ― C ― C ― H CH3CH2CH3

H H

structural formula condensed structural formula skeletal structural formula

NOMENCLATURE

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Aliphatic Aromatic

Chain structure

Cyclic structure

1. select the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule and use the hydrocarbon name of this chain as the base name.

2. for a branched molecule, take the branch of the main chain to be substituent from another hydrocarbon. For each of substituents, change the ending of its name from ‘ane’ to ‘yl’.

3. Number the carbon atoms of the continuous base chain so that the substituent appears at the lowest numbers possible.

4. Give each substituent a name and number. For identical substituent use di, tri, and tetra and so on and repeat the number.

5. Arrange the substituent in the alphabetical order by name.

Aliphatic

Alkane : saturated hydrocatbon

Each carbon in the molecules is sp3 hybridised

General formula: CnH2n+n

IUPAC naming: end with ‘ane’

Alkene: an unsaturated hydrocarbon with C =C

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