Organic Chemistry

And Biochemistry

Introduction to

ISOMERS

• Compounds with the same molecular formulae and different structures (they have different names and different physical and chemical properties)

– C4H10

– C3H8O

Guided practice

• Draw dash diagrams for all the possible isomers of C5H12O

• Classify the molecules on pg 121 as either an alkanes, alkene, or alkyne. Can any one be cyclic as well? Explain

• Write the general formulae for and alkane, an alkene, and an alkyne.

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

• HALOGEN COMPOUNDS – organic halides

• ALCOHOL and ETHER

• ALDEHYDES & KETONES

• CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & ESTERS

• AMINES & AMIDES

• AMINO ACIDS

Classes of biomoleculesClass Monomer Monomer

exampleExample of complex molecule

Function

Carbohydrateshave C,H2O

Simple sugars Glucosefructose

StarchGlycogencellulose

Energy storage structure

Proteinshave C,H,O,N

Amino acids Valinealanine

EnzymesMusclecollagen

Structure, chemical messengers

Lipidshave C,H,O

Long chain fatty acids, Cholesterol, waxes

Olive oil, omega fatty acidButter, bees wax

Animal fat

Cell membraneChemical messenger

Nucleic acidshave C,H,O,N,P

Nucleotides* DNA nucleotideRNA nucleotide

DNARNA

Cell control

Nucleotides• Building blocks of nucleic acids• Made of 3 parts• 1 phosphate group• 1 simple sugar = ribose or deoxy-ribose• 1 nitrogenous base– Purine or a pyrimidine

• Several nucleotides liked together make up one Nucleic acid RNA or DNA