organic chem review. monomers macromolecules are made up of smaller units called
TRANSCRIPT
Organic Chem Review
MONOMERS
Macromolecules are made up of smaller units called
ISOMERS
These two molecules Are examples of ______________.
Organic molecules contain the elements ____________ and _________, and they must be _____________ .
CARBON HYDROGEN
BONDED TOGETHER
HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC ACID
Name the functionalgroups.
O
Amino
Name the functionalgroups.
CH3 NH2
Dehydration synthesis
The reaction by which monomers are joined together is called ______________________ .
Ringoxygenhydroxide
Carbohydrates consist of a __________, with _______embedded in it, and several _______________ functional units.
Carbohydratedisaccharide
This molecule can be categorized as a ___________, and a ___________________.
Glycosidic bonds
The bonds that hold monosaccharides together are called _______________ .
Energy, structure in plants (cellulose), structure in invertebrates (exoskeletons)
The functions of carbohydrates are ___________.
43
If a polymer has 43 bonds, how many molecules of water were produced during dehydration synthesis?
monosaccharide
The monomer of a carbohydrate is called ______.
-ose
Carbohydrates can be recognized by name, because they all end in _________.
hydrophobic
Lipids are grouped together because they are all ___________, not because of structural similarities.
Glycerol fatty acids
Fats are composed of one ______ molecule with three __________ attached.
no
Saturated fats contain ___ double bonds.
Cell membranes
Phospholipids are a key component of ___________.
Glycerolphosphate groupfatty acids
Phospholipids are composed of one __________, one ______, and two _____________.
Phosphatefatty acid
The _______ end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the ________ end is hydrophobic.
Phosphatefatty acid
When phospholipids are in the presence of water, the ______ end will face the water, the _________ will face inside – thus forming a ___________________.
steroids
The three lipids are fats, phospholipids, and __________.
Rings fused together
Steroids consist of four _______ that are _________.
Dehydration synthesis
The reactions shown above is
Energy, cushioning for organs, insulation
The functions of lipids are ____________ .
Amino acids
Protein monomers are called __________.
peptide
Protein monomers are connected by ________ bonds.
20
There are ______ amino acids.
There are ____ levels of protein structure.
4
The primary structure consists of a protein’s ____________.
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
The secondary structure consists of ____________.
ALPHA HELIX OR BETA PLEATS
The tertiary structure consists of ____________.
FOLDING CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF AMINO ACIDS
The quaternary structure consists of ____________.
PROTEIN MOLECULES BONDING WITH OTHER PROTEIN MOLECULES
If conditions are not optimum, a protein molecule will unfold. This is called ____________.
DENATURING
Can proteins renature?
YES
What happens when proteins denature?
THEY DO NOT FUNCTION
contain amino and carboxyl functional groups
Amino acids structurally ______________ .
protein
fat
hydrolysis
The reaction shown above is ____________
phospholipid bilayer
steroid
phospholipid
NUCLEIC ACID
The primary purpose of Nucleic Acids is _________.
TO STORE AND TRANSMIT GENETIC INFORMATION
There are ____ nucleic acids (____________).
2Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid
There are ______ parts of nucleic acids: __________.
3A 5-ring sugar, a phosphate group, and a base
The two sides of a nucleic acid strand are held together by _________ bonds.
HYDROGEN
The monomer of nucleic acids is _____________.
NUCLEOTIDES
Cells get most of their energy from ___________.
ATP
The ATP molecule consists of _____________.
The base Adenine, a 5-ring sugar, and three phosphate groups attached.
ATP