Sandipan Dhar

Who requires Organ

Transplantation?

For patients with end-stage kidney

failure, the best treatment option we

have today is kidney transplantation.

This would provide a better quality of

life for the patients and allow them to

lead a normal, active life again.

Who requires Organ Transplantation?

• For patients with liver failure or

• Severe heart failure, organ transplant is

the only way to save their

• For a patient who becomes sight-less as

a result of corneal diseases, trauma

or ulcer in Cornea , a corneal transplant

would enable him/ her to see again.

Risk of The Living DonorsLiving donor organ transplants are transplants in which a living person donates an organ

(e.g. a kidney) or part of an organ (in the case of livers) to another person.

The main concern in such transplants is that living donors face medical risks when donating their organs.

For example, although donors in living donor kidney transplants have less than 0.1% chance of dying from the operation, donors in living donor liver transplants face a 1-3% chance of dying from the surgery, and a 25% chance of suffering a complication

Types of Transplant• Auto graft

A transplant of tissue from one to oneself. (examples skin grafts, vein

extraction for CABG, etc.)

• AllograftA transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically non-identical member of the same species.

• IsograftOrgans or tissues are transplanted from one to a genetically identical other (identical twin).

• XenograftA transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another. Examples porcine heart valves.

Modified Animal Organ Transplant

Pigs would be ideal donors, as their organs are about the same size as those of humans.

A change to just one of the 100,000 pig genes (a gene called alpha-gal) means that proteins on the surface of the pig's organs are recognised as human by the human immune system, so the organs are not attacked when transplanted

If such organs were to be transplanted into human, they would of course need to function for many months or years

Safety questionsAnother potential problem is the transmission of

infectious microbes from the pig organ to the

human recipient.

While most viruses can be eliminated from the

donor animals by careful breeding and

husbandry, a particular type of virus that is part

of the pig's DNA has been cause for concern.

The porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)

does not cause any health problems in pigs, but

might if it infected humans

Major Tissues Transplanted

Tissues, Cells, and Fluids• Islets of Langerhans (Pancreas Islet Cells) (Deceased-donor and Living-

Donor)

• Bone marrow/Adult stem cell (Living-Donor and Autograft)

• Blood transfusion/Blood Parts Transfusion (Living-Donor and Autograft)

• Blood vessels (Autograft and Deceased-Donor)

• Heart valve (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor and Xenograft[Pig])

• Bone (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor, and Autograft)

• Skin (Deceased-Donor, Living-Donor, and Autograft)

History of successful transplants

• 1954: First successful kidney transplant by Joseph Murray (Boston)

• 1966: First successful pancreas transplant by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly (Minnesota)

• 1967: First successful liver transplant by Thomas Starzl (Pittsburgh)

• 1967: First successful heart transplant by Christiaan Barnard (South Africa)

…History of successful transplants

• 1981: First successful heart/lung transplant by Bruce Reitz (Stanford)

• 1983: First successful lung lobe transplant by Joel Cooper (Toronto)

• 1986: First successful double-lung transplant (Ann Harrison) by Joel Cooper (Toronto)

• 1987: First successful whole lung transplant by Joel Cooper (St. Louis)

…History of successful transplants

• 1995: First successful laparoscopic live-donor

nephrectomy by Lloyd Ratner and Louis

Kavoussi (Baltimore)

• 1998: First successful live-donor

partial pancreas transplant by

David Sutherland (Minnesota)

• 1998: First successful hand transplant (France)

• 2005: First successful partial face transplant

(France)

Precious gift that offers life and hope

Organ and tissue donation is a precious gift that offers life and hope to those most in need. As the bridge between donation and transplantation, providing compassionate and sensitive support for donor families and increasing public awareness about donation of Dead Body at proper time & place.

Major Solid Organs and Tissues

Transplanted

Thoracic Organs

• Heart (Deceased-donor only)

• Lung (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)

• En bloc Heart/Lung (Deceased-donor only)

…Major Solid Organs and Tissues Transplanted

Abdominal Organs

• Liver (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)

• Kidney (Deceased-donor and Living-Donor)

• Pancreas (Deceased-donor and rarely Living-Donor)

• Small bowel (Small Intestine) (Deceased-donor and Living-

Donor)

• Kidney-Pancreas (Sometimes simultaneous, sometimes in

separate procedures) (Deceased-donor, Living-Donor, and

combined deceased/living (e.g. kidney from living donor,

pancreas from deceased donor)

• Combined Liver-Kidney (Generally Deceased-donor only)

• Combined Liver-Small Bowel (Deceased-donor only)

…Major Solid Organs and Tissues

Transplanted

Others

• Hand (Deceased-donor only)

• Cornea (Deceased-donor only)

• Skin graft (Living-deceased donor)

• Face transplant (deceased donor)