orasecom brochure english final 19 oct 2008wis.orasecom.org/content/study/fgef/general... · ges’...

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Page 8 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 The ‘Sponges Study’ was carried out for ORASECOM by PEMconsult a/s in association with DHI and TCC (Pty) Ltd Lesotho. The study was funded by the French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) Introduction The OrangeSenqu River system supports ecosystems and important socioeconomic activities across all four nations ranging from subsistence and commercial farming to largescale commercial and industrial activities. The water sources of the Senqu River are located in the rugged mountains of the Highlands of Lesotho where the terrain, rainwater and runoff form a myriad of wetlands. Lesotho’s alpine wetlands are rare ecological features in Southern Africa, distinct both floristically and structurally from other wetland systems in the region. The palustine wetlands in the highlands, often referred to as ‘Sponges’, are found at high altitude, at valley heads. Map of Lesotho showing Wetlands and Khubelu Catchment The wetlands perform an important hydrological function, regulating flows by storing and then releasing rainwater slowly through springs and streams. Water quality is controlled through sediment and toxin retention, nutrient removal and transformation, production and export of organic matter. As such, the Sponges both directly and indirectly support livelihoods and income for the country. The waters are currently harnessed by the Lesotho Highlands Water Project to support Lesotho’s largest source of foreign income. Despite the socioeconomic importance of the wetlands, the systems continue to be degraded, mainly because of uncontrolled livestock grazing and trampling, badly planned or carelessly implemented infrastructure development, siltation and erosion, encroachment by cultivation and overexploitation of resources. ORASECOM and the “Sponges” Study In 2000, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa established the OrangeSenqu River Commission (ORASECOM) to strive towards greater cooperation, strengthened regional solidarity and enhanced socioeconomic development advocating the sustainable management of the OrangeSenqu River and its sources. Ha Seema Wetland (Feb 2008) As part of the French Global Environmental Fund (FGEF) support to the ORASECOM Programme, Consultants were appointed in 2008 to carry out a study of the wetlands with the aim of assuring the longterm availability and quality of water from the Upper OrangeSenqu catchment area by establishing a holistic protection and conservation action plan for the sustenance of the ’Sponges’. The Khubelu Catchment area in the northwestern part of Mokhotlong District was found suitable as a pilot area for the ‘Sponges Study’. The Khubela River is a major tributary to the OrangeSenqu and is located immediately upstream of the proposed Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) Phase II Dam. The Khubelu Wetlands Representative wetlands in the middle and upper part of the Khubelu catchment were studied in detail. The vegetation on the wetlands is predominantly short mixed sedge and grass meadows interspersed by taller vegetation. ORA SEC OM OrangeSenqu River Commission Botswana|Lesotho|Namibia|South Africa 2. Degraded wetlands in the Khubelu catchment rehabilitated. The proposed outputs are: Grasses (Vetiver and local grasses) for biological rehabilitation of gullies tested CCs capacitated in implementation and maintenance of biological rehabilitation of wetlands Designs of physical gully control structures tested Rehabilitated wetlands monitored and maintained Implementation by CCs in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Department in Mokhotlong 3. Erosion from road drainage prevented. The proposed outputs are: Designs of environmentally safe crossdrainage structures tested Guidelines and design standards for road drain discharge structures Road Department technical staff capacitated in environmentally sound drainage Implementation by Roads Department 4. Results of monitoring of wetlands in the Khubelu Catchment, research and collection of lessons learned available for replication in other catchments. The proposed outputs are: Stakeholder roles and strategies in wetlands, water and natural resource management clarified and agreed MRC monitoring system (including wetlands GIS) established and operating Hydrological station and weather station established in the upper Khubelu catchment and operational Research results on wetlands hydrology in the highlands influencing future wetlands protection programmes Research results on programme impact on livelihood, mining, livestock and range management practices influencing programmes in other catchments Feasibility Study for establishing the upper Khubelu catchment as a protected area. Implementation by Department of Water Affairs in cooperation with National University of Lesotho and other Wetlands Committee stakeholders 1 river – 4 nations

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Page 1: Orasecom Brochure English Final 19 Oct 2008wis.orasecom.org/content/study/FGEF/general... · ges’ in ate a ement as the y and hment ng the lows: belu ent. ement azing a ck and he

Page 8  Page 1  Page 2  Page 3 

 

 

      The  ‘Sponges Study’ was carried out for ORASECOM by PEMconsult a/s in association  with  DHI  and  TCC  (Pty) Ltd  Lesotho.  The  study was  funded by  the French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) 

 

  Introduction The Orange‐Senqu River system supports ecosystems and important socio‐economic activities across all four nations ranging  from  subsistence  and  commercial  farming  to large‐scale commercial and industrial activities. 

The water  sources of  the  Senqu River are  located  in  the rugged mountains of the Highlands of Lesotho where the terrain, rainwater and run‐off form a myriad of wetlands. Lesotho’s  alpine wetlands  are  rare  ecological  features  in Southern Africa, distinct both  floristically and structurally from other wetland  systems  in  the  region. The palustine wetlands  in the highlands, often referred to as  ‘Sponges’, are found at high altitude, at valley heads.  Map of Lesotho showing Wetlands and Khubelu Catchment 

 The wetlands perform an important hydrological function,  regulating  flows by  storing and  then  releasing  rain‐water slowly  through  springs  and  streams.  Water  quality  is controlled through sediment and toxin retention, nutrient removal  and  transformation,  production  and  export  of organic matter. 

As such, the Sponges both directly and  indirectly support livelihoods  and  income  for  the  country.  The waters  are currently  harnessed  by  the  Lesotho  Highlands  Water Project  to  support  Lesotho’s  largest  source  of  foreign income. 

Despite  the  socio‐economic  importance of  the wetlands, the  systems continue  to be degraded, mainly because of uncontrolled  livestock  grazing  and  trampling,  badly planned  or  carelessly  implemented  infrastructure development,  siltation  and  erosion,  encroachment  by cultivation and overexploitation of resources. 

ORASECOM and the “Sponges” Study In  2000,  Botswana,  Lesotho,  Namibia  and  South  Africa established  the  Orange‐Senqu  River  Commission (ORASECOM)  to  strive  towards  greater  cooperation, strengthened  regional  solidarity  and  enhanced  socio‐economic  development  advocating  the  sustainable management of the Orange‐Senqu River and its sources. 

 

Ha Seema Wetland (Feb 2008) 

 

As part of  the  French Global Environmental  Fund  (FGEF) support to the ORASECOM Programme, Consultants were appointed  in  2008  to  carry  out  a  study  of  the wetlands with  the  aim  of  assuring  the  long‐term  availability  and quality of water from the Upper Orange‐Senqu catchment area by establishing a holistic protection and conservation action plan for the sustenance of the ’Sponges’. 

The Khubelu Catchment area in the north‐western part of Mokhotlong District was found suitable as a pilot area for the ‘Sponges Study’. The Khubela River is a major tributary to  the  Orange‐Senqu  and  is  located  immediately  up‐stream of the proposed Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) Phase II Dam.  

 

The Khubelu Wetlands Representative wetlands  in the middle and upper part of the  Khubelu  catchment  were  studied  in  detail.  The vegetation on the wetlands  is predominantly short mixed sedge  and  grass  meadows  interspersed  by  taller vegetation. 

 

ORASECOMOrange‐Senqu River Commission 

Botswana|Lesotho|Namibia|South Africa  

2. Degraded wetlands in the Khubelu catchment rehabilitated. The proposed outputs are: − Grasses (Vetiver and local grasses) for biological 

rehabilitation of gullies tested − CCs capacitated in implementation and maintenance of 

biological rehabilitation of wetlands − Designs of physical gully control structures tested − Rehabilitated wetlands monitored and maintained  Implementation by CCs in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Department in Mokhotlong 

3. Erosion from road drainage prevented. The proposed outputs are: − Designs of environmentally safe cross‐drainage 

structures tested − Guidelines and design standards for road drain discharge 

structures  − Road Department technical staff capacitated in 

environmentally sound drainage  Implementation by Roads Department 

4. Results of monitoring of wetlands in the Khubelu Catchment, research and collection of lessons learned available for replication in other catchments. The proposed outputs are: − Stakeholder roles and strategies in wetlands, water and 

natural resource management clarified and agreed − MRC monitoring system (including wetlands GIS) 

established and operating − Hydrological station and weather station established in 

the upper Khubelu catchment and operational − Research results on wetlands hydrology in the highlands   

influencing future wetlands protection programmes − Research results on programme impact on livelihood, 

mining, livestock and range management practices  influencing programmes in other catchments 

− Feasibility Study for establishing the upper Khubelu catchment as a protected area. 

 Implementation by Department of Water Affairs in cooperation with National University of Lesotho and other Wetlands Committee stakeholders 

 

1 river – 4 nations 

Page 2: Orasecom Brochure English Final 19 Oct 2008wis.orasecom.org/content/study/FGEF/general... · ges’ in ate a ement as the y and hment ng the lows: belu ent. ement azing a ck and he

Page 4 

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