oral report_wind energy

7/23/2019 Oral Report_Wind Energy

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Wind EnergyAllen Jerry P. AriesPaul Lyndon M. Cabuguason

BSChE-5



Wind Energy/Wind Power

• an indirect form of solar energy which canbe used continuously unlike solar energy

• e!ra"!ed #ro$ air %ow using wind!urbines or sails !o &rodu"e $e"hani"al

or ele"!ri"al energy.• Wind$ills are used #or !heir $e"hani"al

&ower' wind&u$&s #or wa!er &u$&ing'and sails !o &ro&el shi&s.



Wind Energy/Wind Power

• As o# ()*+' ,en$ar has been genera!ing around+) o# i!s ele"!ri"i!y #ro$ wind

• a! leas! 0 o!her "oun!ries around !he world areusing wind &ower !o su&&ly !heir ele"!ri"i!y grids

• Wind &ower "a&a"i!y has e&anded !o 012'550MW by ,e"e$ber ()*+

• !o!al wind energy &rodu"!ion is growing ra&idlyand has rea"hed around + o# worldwide

ele"!ri"i!y usage



3is!ory

5000 BCSailboa!s used

on !he 4ileindi"a!e !he

&ower o# wind

500-900 ADirs!

wind$illsde6elo&ed in

Persia

1300 ADirs!

hori7on!al-ais

wind$ills in

Euro&e

150s,aniel 3alladay and

John Burnha$ build3alladay Wind$ill8

s!ar! 9S Wind

Engine Co$&any

!ate 10s :ho$as ;. Perry"ondu"!ed 5')))

wind e&eri$en!s8s!ar!s Aer$o!or

Co$&any

1Charles . Brushused wind$ill !o

genera!eele"!ri"i!yin Cle6eland' ;3

"arly 1900sWind$ills in CA

&u$&ed sal!wa!er

!o e6a&ora!e &onds

19#1<n =:' >rand&a?s

@nob !urbine

su&&lies &ower !o!own during WW<<

19$9irs! wind !urbinera!ed o6er * MW

began o&era!ing

195CA wind "a&a"i!y

e"eeded *'))) MW

19939S WindPower

de6elo&ed

rs! "o$$er"ial6ariable-s&eed wind!urbine

%00#Ele"!ri"i!y #ro$wind genera!ion

"os!s 0 !o +.5"en!s &er Wh

%013Wind &ower

&ro6ided

o6er * o#renewableener used in 9S



S!a!is!i"s

• Add



S!a!is!i"s



Winds

• Atmos&heric air in motion

• form of solar energy

• caused by the une'en heating of theatmos&here by the sun( the irregularities of

the earth)s surface( and rotation of theearth*

• +ind ,ow &atterns are modied by theearth)s terrain( bodies of water( and

'egetati'e co'er• .his wind ,ow( or motion energy( when

/har'ested/ by modern wind turbines( canbe used to generate electricity



Classi"a!ion o# Winds

lanetary winds are cause due to greaterheating of earths surface near the e2uatoras com&ared to solar heating near the south north &oles*

!ocal winds are caused due to di4erentialheating of land water in coastal areasthese are also caused due to une'en heatingin hills mountain along the slo&es*



+hat akes +ind6



+hat akes +ind6

• 3ea! #ro$ !he sun "auses "on6e"!ion in !hea!$os&here' $eaning !he hea!ed air rises.

• :hese "urren!s "rea!e 7ones o# high and low air&ressure wi!hin !he a!$os&here.

• As !he hea!ed air rises' i! "rea!es a low &ressure7one near !he ground.

• Air #ro$ surrounding "ooler areas rushes in !obalan"e !he &ressure.



Wind :urbines

• de6i"es !ha! "on6er! !he winds ine!i" energy in!oele"!ri"al &ower

• lie air"ra#! &ro&eller blades' !urn in !he $o6ing

air and &ower an ele"!ri" genera!or !ha! su&&liesan ele"!ri" "urren!.

• <! is !he o&&osi!e o# a #an. <ns!ead o# using

ele"!ri"i!y !o $ae wind' lie a #an' wind !urbinesuse wind !o $ae ele"!ri"i!y.

• :he wind !urns !he blades' whi"h s&in a sha#!'whi"h "onne"!s !o a genera!or and $aes

ele"!ri"i!y.



+ind .urbineCom&onentsDegardless o# !he si7e' all !urbines ha6e !he sa$e &ar!s.

• Blades on $odern !urbines are si$ilar !o air&laneblades' li#!ed by !he wind.

• :he hub "onne"!s !he blades !o !he sha#! and

genera!or.• :he nacelle houses !he genera!or.

• :he tower holds !he !urbine high abo6e any!hing !ha!$igh! "ause !urbulen"e in !he air su"h as !rees andbuildings. :owers "an be la!!i"e or $ono&ole #or large

!urbines. Mos! $odern day !urbines ha6e $ono&ole!owers $ade o# s!eel.



+ind .urbine .y&esBased on the orientation of the rotor

*. 3ori7on!al Ais

• lie !he !radi!ional #ar$ wind$ills used #or&u$&ing wa!er

• Mos! large $odern wind !urbines are o# !his !y&e




(. =er!i"al Ais

• -lie !he eggbea!er-s!yle ,arrieus $odel' na$eda#!er i!s ren"h in6en!or




(. =er!i"al Ais




=er!i"al Ais Wind :urbines

Ad'antages

• ;$ni-dire"!ional

- a""e&!s wind #ro$ any dire"!ion

• Co$&onen!s "an be $oun!ed a! ground le6el

- ease o# ser6i"e

- ligh!er weigh! !owers

• Can !heore!i"ally use less $a!erials !o "a&!ure !he sa$ea$oun! o# wind

Disad'antages

• Do!ors generally near ground where wind is &oorer

• Cen!ri#ugal #or"e s!resses blades

• Poor sel#-s!ar!ing "a&abili!ies

• Deuires su&&or! a! !o& o# !urbine ro!or

• Deuires en!ire ro!or !o be re$o6ed !o re&la"e bearings

• ;6erall &oor &er#or$an"e and reliabili!y



Wind ar$s

• Wind #ar$s are lie &ower &lan!s' wi!h a nu$bero# !urbines wired !oge!her be#ore going !o !he!rans#or$er.

• :he !rans#or$er s!e&s u& !he 6ol!age be#ore !he

ele"!ri"i!y goes ou! on !rans$ission lines and !heele"!ri"i!y grid.



Wind ar$s



Wind Power Eua!ions

Wind Power de&ends onF

G a$oun! o# air H6olu$eI

G s&eed o# air H6elo"i!yI

G $ass o# air Hdensi!yI%owing !hrough !he area o# in!eres! H%uI



Wind Power Eua!ions

Derivation

@ine!i" Energy ,eni!ionF

Power is !he !i$e ra!e "hange o# @ine!i" Energy'

and a! "ons!an! 6elo"i!yF

•



Wind Power Eua!ions

Derivation cont’d.

Mass luF

•



Wind Power Eua!ions

ower Coe7cient( C&

-is !he ra!io o# &ower e!ra"!ed by !he !urbine !o !he!o!al "on!ained in !he wind resour"e

•



Bet8s !imit

Bet8)s law indi"a!es !he $ai$u$ &ower !ha! "an bee!ra"!ed #ro$ !he wind' inde&enden! o# !he design o#a wind !urbine in o&en %ow.

• <! was &ublished in *2*2' by !he >er$an &hysi"is!

Alber! Be!7

• :he law is deri6ed #ro$ !he &rin"i&les o#"onser6a!ion o# $ass and $o$en!u$ o# !he airs!rea$ %owing !hrough an ideali7ed a"!ua!or dis

!ha! e!ra"!s energy #ro$ !he wind s!rea$.• A""ording !o Be!7s law' no !urbine "an "a&!ure $ore

!han *1/( H52.0I o# !he ine!i" energy in wind.

• :his is nown as !he Bet8s !imit



Bet8s !imit

• :he Be!7 Li$i! is !he $ai$al &ossible C& K*1/(. 52 e"ien"y is !he BES: a "on6en!ionalwind !urbine "an do in e!ra"!ing &ower #ro$ !hewind.

• Pra"!i"al u!ili!y-s"ale wind !urbines a"hie6e a!&ea 5 !o ) o# !he Be!7 li$i!.



Ca&acity actor :C;

G :he #ra"!ion o# !he year !he !urbine genera!or iso&era!ing a! ra!ed H&eaI &ower

Ca&a"i!y a"!or K A6erage ;u!&u! / Pea ;u!&u! 0)

G C is based on bo!h !he "hara"!eris!i"s o# !he

!urbine and !he si!e "hara"!eris!i"s H!y&i"ally ).0 orabo6e #or a good si!eI



AD<A=.A>"? @ +=D@+"• :he wind is #ree and wi!h $odern !e"hnology i! "an be

"a&!ured e"ien!ly.

• ;n"e !he wind !urbine is buil! !he energy i! &rodu"es

does no! "ause greenhouse gases or o!her &ollu!an!s.

• Al!hough wind !urbines "an be 6ery !all ea"h !aes u&only a s$all &lo! o# land. :his $eans !ha! !he landbelow "an s!ill be used. :his is es&e"ially !he "ase in

agri"ul!ural areas as #ar$ing "an s!ill "on!inue.

• Many &eo&le nd wind #ar$s an in!eres!ing #ea!ure o#!he lands"a&e.



AD<A=.A>"? @ +=D@+"• De$o!e areas !ha! are no! "onne"!ed !o !he

ele"!ri"i!y &ower grid "an use wind !urbines !o&rodu"e !heir own su&&ly.

• Wind !urbines ha6e a role !o &lay in bo!h !hede6elo&ed and !hird world.

• Wind !urbines are a6ailable in a range o# si7es

whi"h $eans a 6as! range o# &eo&le andbusinesses "an use !he$. Single households !os$all !owns and 6illages "an $ae good use o#range o# wind !urbines a6ailable !oday.



D?AD<A=.A>"? @ +=D@+"

• :he s!reng!h o# !he wind is no! "ons!an! and i!6aries #ro$ 7ero !o s!or$ #or"e. :his $eans !ha!wind !urbines do no! &rodu"e !he sa$e a$oun! o#

ele"!ri"i!y all !he !i$e. :here will be !i$es when!hey &rodu"e no ele"!ri"i!y a! all.

• Many &eo&le #eel !ha! !he "oun!ryside should bele#! un!ou"hed' wi!hou! !hese large s!ru"!uresbeing buil!. :he lands"a&e should le#! in i!s na!ural

#or$ #or e6eryone !o enNoy.

• Wind !urbines are noisy. Ea"h one "an genera!e!he sa$e le6el o# noise as a #a$ily "ar !ra6ellinga! ) $&h.



"=<@="=.A! AC.?

• Land Use

• Public Health and Community

• Wildlife and Habitat

• Life-Cycle Global Warmin !missions



"=<@="=.A! AC.?

Land Use

• :he land use i$&a"! o# wind &ower #a"ili!ies 6ariessubs!an!ially de&ending on !he si!e

• wind !urbines &la"ed in %a! areas !y&i"ally use $oreland !han !hose lo"a!ed in hilly areas

• 3owe6er' wind !urbines do no! o""u&y all o# !hisland8 !hey $us! be s&a"ed a&&roi$a!ely 5 !o *)ro!or dia$e!ers a&ar!.

• :hus' !he !urbines !he$sel6es and !he surroundingin#ras!ru"!ure Hin"luding roads and !rans$issionlinesI o""u&y a s$all &or!ion o# !he !o!al area o# awind #a"ili!y.



"=<@="=.A! AC.?

Public Health and Community

• ?ound and 'isual im&act are !he !wo $ain&ubli" heal!h and "o$$uni!y "on"erns asso"ia!ed

wi!h o&era!ing wind !urbines.• Mos! o# !he sound genera!ed by wind !urbines is

aerodyna$i"' "aused by !he $o6e$en! o# !urbineblades !hrough !he air.

•

:here is also $e"hani"al sound genera!ed by !he!urbine i!sel#.

• ;6erall sound le6els de&end on !urbine designand wind s&eed



"=<@="=.A! AC.?


• So$e &eo&le li6ing "lose !o wind #a"ili!ies ha6e"o$&lained abou! sound and 6ibra!ion issues' bu!s!udies in Canada and Aus!ralia ha6e #ound !ha! !heseissues do no! ad6ersely i$&a"! &ubli" heal!h.

• 3owe6er' i! is i$&or!an! #or wind !urbine de6elo&ers !o!ae !hese "o$$uni!y "on"erns seriously by #ollowinggood neighborQ bes! &ra"!i"es #or si!ing !urbines andini!ia!ing o&en dialogue wi!h aRe"!ed "o$$uni!y

$e$bers.• Addi!ionally' !e"hnologi"al ad6an"es' su"h as

$ini$i7ing blade sur#a"e i$&er#e"!ions and usingsound-absorben! $a!erials "an redu"e wind !urbinenoise.



"=<@="=.A! AC.?Public Health and Community



"=<@="=.A! AC.?


• 9nder "er!ain ligh!ing "ondi!ions' wind !urbines "an "rea!e an eRe"!nown as shadow %i"er.

• :his annoyan"e "an be $ini$i7ed wi!h "are#ul si!ing' &lan!ing !rees orins!alling window awnings' or "ur!ailing wind !urbine o&era!ions when

"er!ain ligh!ing "ondi!ions eis!.• :he ederal A6ia!ion Ad$inis!ra!ion HAAI reuires !ha! large wind

!urbines' lie all s!ru"!ures o6er ()) #ee! high' ha6e whi!e or red ligh!s#or a6ia!ion sa#e!y.

• 3owe6er' !he AA re"en!ly de!er$ined !ha! as long as !here are no ga&sin ligh!ing grea!er !han a hal#-$ile' i! is no! ne"essary !o ligh! ea"h

!ower in a $ul!i-!urbine wind &roNe"!. ,ay!i$e ligh!ing is unne"essary aslong as !he !urbines are &ain!ed whi!e.

• When i! "o$es !o aes!he!i"s' wind !urbines "an eli"i! s!rong rea"!ions. :o so$e &eo&le' !hey are gra"e#ul s"ul&!ures8 !o o!hers' !hey areeyesores !ha! "o$&ro$ise !he na!ural lands"a&e. Whe!her a "o$$uni!yis willing !o a""e&! an al!ered syline in re!urn #or "leaner &ower shouldbe de"ided in an o&en &ubli" dialogue.



"=<@="=.A! AC.?

Wildli#e and 3abi!a!

Life-Cycle Global Warmin !missions

oral report_wind energy

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