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Introduction› Importance › Worldwide data› Objectives

Materials and methods Results and discussion Summary Conclusion

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Chemo-heterotrophic Decomposers in natural ecosystem Mushrooms

› Technically belong to kingdom fungi and phylum Basidiomycota with gills, but

› largely fleshy woody fungi, bracket fungi belong to two orders Agaricales and Aphyllophorales respectively

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Used as delicacy Potential protein source High content of essential amino acid, vitamins,

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, minerals and low lipid content

Used in Medicinal tonics, various cosmetics beverages, pharmaceutical industries

Have capacity to convert nutritionally valueless substances into high protein food

Essential part of natural cycle of birth, death, decay and renewal in all forest ecosystems

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115,000 of mushroom species known world-wide Agaricales 80,000 (fleshy fungi with cap & tail) Gasteromycetes 10,000 (puff balls & stink horn) Aphyllophorales 20,000 (toothed, Polypores) Jelly fungi 5000 i.e. Tremellales, Auriculariales

and Dacrymycetales (Hawksworth, 2001)

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To check the diversity of mushrooms in kuldanna (Murree) forest

To classify the fungi on the basis of their distinguishing characteristics

To assess the relationship between mushroom species, occurrence, environmental factors and vegetation type in Kuldanna forest of Murree

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From the whole collection sixteen samples of mushrooms enlisted systematically with;› Salient characters of genus and species› Auto-ecological notes› Habitat› Distribution › Medicinal value› Edibility

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COLLECTION SITE:› Forest of Murree Kuldanna, Rawalpindi› 2 Km square area selected

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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN› Collection of samples with host from the cited

area after snapshot› Drying of the specimen› After identification placed in separate envelope

with all data› Indentify on the basis of morphological

characters and microscopic characters› Recorded observation also sketched on a

separate sheet of paper then matched them with standard size i-e; compare it with existing literature

› Placed in collection box with phenyl balls in order to preserve from insect attack

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Pleurotus ostreatus Importance

› Used industrially for Myco-remediation purposes› Delicious edible mushroom› Lovastatin and Lysine › Treatment of lumber and neck pain, numbness,

tumor suppression

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Very successful wood decaying fungus Beta glucan extracted, capable of relieving dry

condition, atopicdiseases and itchinginhibiting tumor

If spores enter in blood circulation causes paralysis

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Voracious decomposer of dead wood Causes wood rot in standing trees Best producer of manganese peroxide Antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor

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Important decayer of conifer wood Generally describe as saprophyte In some areas known to attack living trees Expelling wind, moisture

› Antitumor

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Saprotroph Degrade glucan along with bit of cellulose Contain unique compound including a metabolite,

concentricol (oxidized squallene) Tinder for fire lighting, like charcoal Home of insect and

small animals

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Used in traditional herbal remedies Two substances extracted from (PSK) &(PSP) being

studied as possible complementary cancer treatment

VPS, another extract sold as dietary supplement Decomposer

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On logs of deciduous trees Contain polysaccharide (anti-tumour) Immune system enhancing activity

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Edible Form symbiotic relationship with various species of

deciduous trees Treatment of backache leg pain, numbness, tumor

suppression

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Edible , but not recommended due to its taste Tumor suppression

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Decayer of plant material Present on wood and on mulchs grasses, wheat and

straws Anti-tumor

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Wood rotting saprobes

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Saprotroph Wood decayer causes “white rot” or “brown rot”

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Parasitic on deciduous trees Cause intensive white rot Tumor suppression

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Mature with red brown gills Poisonous Referred as wood woolly foot

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Present on trunk of living broad leaved trees Tonic herbal in traditional Chinese medicine Powerful antibiotic Liver tonic Immune tonic Lowering blood pressure Suppressing tumor

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On ground among Cynodon dactylon Edible

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Decayer Common on dead logs and dead woods

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Edible Treatment for gastrointestinal, Indigestion Extract, interferon anticancer Exportable

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MEDICINAL IMPORTANT FUNGI

1. Morchella spp2. Pleurotus ostreatus3. Pleurotus variety 4. Ganoderma lucidum5. Lacterius piperatus6. Lactarius pergamenus7. Phellinus igniarius8. Volvariella spp9. Coriolus versicolor10. Fomitopsis pinicola11. Trichamptum biforme12. Schizophyllum commune13. Pleurotus ostreatus

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1. Pleurotus ostreatus2. Pleurotus variety3. Lactarius piperatus4. Lactarius pergamenus5. Morchella spp

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1. Coriolus hirsutus2. Coriolus versicolor3. Ganoderma lucidum4. Hygrocybe5. Lactarius pergamenus6. Lactarius piperatus7. Pleurotus ostreatus 8. Collybia peronata9. Phellinus igniarius10. Pluteus 11. Polyporus 12. Poria paradoxa13. Schizophyllum commune14. Volvariella15. Trichamptum biforme16. Fomitopsis pinicola

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1. Coriolus hirsutus2. Coriolus Versicolor3. Ganoderma lucidum4. Phellinus igniarius5. Fomes 6. Pleurotus spp.7. Poria 8. Schizophyllum 9. Polyporus

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1. Lactarius piperatus2. Lactarius pergamenus3. Volvariella

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Sr. No. Mode of living No. of sample percentage

1. Saprophytic 16/16 100%

2. Micorrhizal 9/16 56.25%

3. Parasitic 3/16 18.75%

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Percentage of different living modes of fungi

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Saprophytic Parasitic Micorhizal

Different living modes of fungi

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Percentage of different living modes of fungi

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Saprophytic Parasitic Micorhizal

Different living modes of fungi

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Sr.No. Characteristics No. of sample Calculated value of Chi

Tabulated value

1. Medicinal 13/16 6.22 3.84

2. Non medicinal 3/16

3. Edible 5/16 2.24 3.84

4. Non edible 11/16

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This report would be beneficial to them who want to study the mushroom taxonomically or ecologically, biologist, chemist, biochemist and industrialist will come to know about the mushroom flora of this area

They can arrange the required material to extract the value able compound like anti tumor, anti bacterial medicines

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THANKS

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