Oral Presentation

Chapter: Ten (PRM)

Use humor

It has to be relevant and not offensive to the audiences.

Tell a story

Slice-of-life stories that indicate key points can be added.

Pass around a sample

Passing a sample of product to the audiences.

Ask a question

Asking questions will get the audience actively involved.

State a startling statistic

Adding interesting statistic, and details about it.

Five Ways to Get and Retain Attention

The Manuscript DeliveryIt is delivered word for word from a typed manuscript.

The Memorized PresentationThe presenter memorizes the presentation in advance from a written source.

The Impromptu PresentationSpontaneous presentation without any prior preparation.

Extemporaneous SpeakingCarefully prepared presentation from notes and/or outlines.

Types of Delivery

• Use relatively short and simple sentences

• Avoid using technical expressions and acronyms unfamiliar to your audience

• Employ techniques like summarization, restatement, enumeration, and transitions to help audience follow the presentation

• Round off numbers and statistics, and avoid adding too many figures

Compose the Content

Full Sentence Outline

1.0 The cost has increased by 25 percent in 2007

1.1 The primary reason is the new employee dental plan

1.2 Another reason is the 5 percent increase in employees

Key Phrase Outline

I. Benefits increased by 25 percent in 2007

A. New employee dental plan

B. 5 percent increase in employees

Key Word Outline

I. Increased

Dental

Employee

Construct the Outline

• Memorize the starting and ending point of the presentation.

• Give a look at the outline after the opening remarks.

• At the end, look up from the outline, pause, and speak directly to the audience to conclude the session.

Memorize the Start and End

• Practice from the beginning to the end

• Practice the use of your visual aids

• Time your presentation

• Use audio-visual feedback

• Ask for feedback from colleagues or superiors

Practice Your Presentation

Vocal Delivery

Vocal expressiveness: Variation in the pitch, rate, and volume of the speaking.

Vocal emphasis: Three techniques can be applied –

• Pause before or after a key word

• Slow down when you reach an important passage

• Increase or decrease volume

Appropriate rate and Volume

Articulation and Pronunciation

Deliver Your Presentation

Non-Verbal Communication

• Non-verbal communication makes no use of the words, sentences, grammar and other structures that we associate with spoken and written language.

• Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups.

• Verbal communication is organized by language; non-verbal communication is not.

Types of non-verbal communication:• Eye contact or gaze• Facial expression• Gesture, especially use of hands and arms• Dress• Posture• Paralanguage

Non-Verbal Communication (Contd.)

Eye Contact

• Important way in which we communicate our feelings towards other people

• Initial eye contact to assess a stranger• Staring – identified as threatening form or behavior• If we staring at someone, their behavior will change,

often becoming either defensive or at the other extreme aggressive towards you

• Deeply suspicious of people who ‘cannot look us in the eye’; they are seen as shifty or people with something to hide

• Gazing – look steadily, sometimes in intimidating way• Eye contact – can be an index of the closeness of a

relationship that people share

Facial Expression

• Facial expression is bound to be an important indicator to other people of our attitudes, state of mind and relationships to them

• Human face has a complex arrangement of muscles that allows us to produce a whole range of different expressions, most of which are an index of our feelings (happy, sad, pain, etc.)

• Smiling – important facial gesture that indicate that we pleased to see other people

Facial Expression - Activities

Gesture (Hands and arms)

• Gestures, e.g: handshake• How to tell someone to be quiet in a library?• We use gesture when our voice engaged, e.g: talking on

the telephone, we used gesture to tell another person to come and sit down

• Many of the gestures are automatic. When we speaking on the telephone, we often make hand gestures

• Gestures that we make for pushing people away vs. drawing them towards us.

Posture

The way in which we position our bodies Early age:

“sit up straight”, “shoulder back” – instruction heard at home or school

Upright posture – people who have confident (police, army) Posture is another sign of the status and role within society

(army, police) Use posture as one means of indicating to another person

our feelings of friendship or hostility “hands on hips” – confrontational and hostile

Group – imitating the postures of the people they are with (mirroring, postural congruence) Cross legs, fold their arms Reinforce group identities

Paralanguage

Those utterances that we make when we are speaking When we speak, we make noise that aren’t words

(‘um’ or ‘ah’), we raise and lower voices, we pause, we stress some words

Important aspect of the message when we are communicating

E.g: “The house is on fire” ~statement “The house is on fire!” ~ stressed

Voice intonation (pitch)- indicator of intention Flow of voice

Dress

• Dress – we combine items of clothing and the appropriateness of certain types of styles of dress to specific situation.

• Funeral – people wear black or dark colored clothes as a symbol or mourning ~ avoid color clashes.

• The clothes we wear make a statement about ourselves ~ interpretation by other people.

• Time dependent dress code• Office - formal• Relaxing or socialising – casual

• Initial judgments about people because of their clothes

• Dress – one aspect of the physical appearance• Hairstyle, jewellery, make-up, body

adornment and body modification • Open for interpretation by other people

Dress (Contd.)