1. Learn how to overcome stagefright and fear of failure,

2. Build concentration, 3. Develop the following competences:

a) Understand the speech in the source language better,

b) Render the meaning of the message in the source language precisely and accurately enough in the target language

Have a high level of competence in different areas;

Understand and critically analyse the translated information;

Know how to highlight the key elements in the text and

Constantly enrich their professional vocabulary

Oral interpreting or translating is referred to as the most difficult type of translation

Subdivided into: consecutive, simultaneous, sight and sometimes whispering

Simultaneous interpreting: Speech is translated at almost the same time as it is being spoken

Sight translation: the interpreter ‘reads’ a text written in the source language by translating it immediately in the target language; the occurrences of this type of translation in professional contexts are not as frequent as the other mentioned types.

Whispering (chouchoutage): oral interpreting that is either consecutive or simultaneous but in a low voice.

Interpreters are most often the last ones to be hired.

Most often very little time for the interpreter to prepare for the event.

It often happens that the interpreter is simply thrown into the dialogue without even knowing who the speakers are and which topic they are going to discuss.

An ideal situation would be to have a few days to prepare for the event, to cover the topic vocabulary, to work out back-up plans for possible problem areas, etc.

Familiarise with the topic of the speech/ event/ trial, etc. in advance.

Make notes during a speech.

Translate specific terms and key words prior to interpreting.

Establish friendly relations between you and the speaker.

Work out an arrangement as far as pauses are concerned.

Pronounce words distinctly and clearly.

Deliver a clear message and not the individual words.

Keep a clear head all the time.

Enjoy what you are doing,

Maintain a positive attitude

Be aware that without you, all the others would be lost.

Think of the privilege of being the mouth and the ears of a group of professionals, highly skilled and famous for what they do!

Imagine their meeting without you: they would sit there in utter silence, just looking at each other!

1. The interpreter listens to content and structure of the source langauge speaker, memorizes both content and structure and renders the translation in the form of an oral interpretation in the target langugae.

2. The following forms of consecutive interpreting are common:a) long speeches (seminar, conference, official speech, etc.)b) Interpreting of dialogues or discussions (court, investigation, etc.) andc) Community interpreting (help provided to foreign citizens at certain authorities in a country the language of which they do not speak or understand).

Most common are 2. b) and 2. c). Quite often the technique of note-taking has to be learned.

Consecutive interpreting is the most common form of oral interpreting and includes the following:

1.Counting and translating

2.Report – comment

3.Listening comprehension

4.Sight translation

5.Questions and answers

6.Key words

7.Summary