oral history project oral history project william oh, … · 2019. 2. 12. · oral history has its...

ORAL ORAL ORAL ORAL HISTORY PROJECTHISTORY PROJECTHISTORY PROJECTHISTORY PROJECT

William

Oh, MD

Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed Interviewed bybybyby

Lawrence M. Gartner, MDLawrence M. Gartner, MDLawrence M. Gartner, MDLawrence M. Gartner, MD

October 8, 2008

Barrington, Rhode Island

This interview was supported by donations from

Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI Rhode

Island Hospital, Providence, RI

2014 American Academy of Pediatrics

Elk Grove Village, IL

William Oh, MDWilliam Oh, MDWilliam Oh, MDWilliam Oh, MD

Interviewed by Lawrence M. Gartner, MD

Preface i About the Interviewer ii Interview of William Oh, MD 1

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2/16/2017https://www2.aap.org/sections/perinatal/pdf/williamoh.html

Index of Interview 99

Curriculum Vita, William Oh, MD 101

PREFACEPREFACEPREFACEPREFACE

Oral history has its roots in the sharing of stories which has occurred throughout the centuries. It

is a primary source of historical data, gathering information from living individuals via recorded interviews. Outstanding pediatricians and other leaders in child health care are being interviewed as part of the Oral History Project at the Pediatric History Center of the American Academy of

Pediatrics. Under the direction of the Historical Archives Advisory Committee, its purpose is to record and preserve the recollections of those who have made important contributions to the

advancement of the health care of children through the collection of spoken memories and personal narrations.This volume is the written record of one oral history interview. The reader is reminded that this

is a verbatim transcript of spoken rather than written prose. It is intended to supplement other available sources of information about the individuals, organizations, institutions, and events that are discussed. The use of face-to-face interviews provides a unique opportunity to capture a

firsthand, eyewitness account of events in an interactive session. Its importance lies less in the recitation of facts, names, and dates than in the interpretation of these by the speaker.

Historical Archives Advisory Committee, 2013/2014Historical Archives Advisory Committee, 2013/2014Historical Archives Advisory Committee, 2013/2014Historical Archives Advisory Committee, 2013/2014

Jeffrey P. Baker, MD, FAAP, Chair Lawrence M. Gartner, MD, FAAP Jacqueline A. Noonan, MD, FAAP Howard A. Pearson, MD, FAAP Tonse N. K. Raju, MD, FAAP Stanford T. Shulman, MD,

FAAP James E. Strain, MD, FAAP

i

ABOUT THE ABOUT THE ABOUT THE ABOUT THE INTERVIEWERINTERVIEWERINTERVIEWERINTERVIEWER

Lawrence M. Gartner, MD

Lawrence M. Gartner was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. His undergraduate education was at Columbia University, followed by medical education at Johns Hopkins University, where

he received his medical degree in1958 and pediatric internship from 1958 to 1959. Returning to New York, he continued his pediatric residency at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where he was Chief Resident in

Pediatrics from 1961-62. He continued at Einstein, doing a fellowship in hepatology, neonatology and research. In 1964 he became a faculty member, rising to Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the Divisions of Neonatology and Gastroenterology and of the Pediatric Clinical Research

Center. During this period he carried out a major research program in neonatal bilirubin metabolism. In 1980, he became Professor and Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics at The University of Chicago and Director of Wyler Children's Hospital. In 1998, Dr. Gartner retired

from the University of Chicago. He now lives and works from his ranch in Valley Center, California (San Diego), continuing lecturing and writing in neonatal jaundice, breastfeeding and

history of neonatology.In 1956, he married Carol B. Gartner, who subsequently became Professor of English at Purdue University and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the Calumet campus. She also writes

and lectures on the history of medicine, sometimes with her husband. She also assists in the oral history project, with specific responsibility for the video recording and photographs that

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accompany each oral history. They have two children, Alex Gartner, a movie producer, and Madeline Gartner, a breast and endocrine surgeon.

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Interview of William Oh, Interview of William Oh, Interview of William Oh, Interview of William Oh, MDMDMDMD

DR. GARTNER: We are here in Dr. William Oh’s home in Barrington, Rhode Island, just south of Providence. Thank you for agreeing to be interviewed for the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP] Oral History Project. There are three major goals that we have for this oral history today. First, you’re a major figure in American pediatrics. We want to know something about you

personally———— your early life, your education, your career and your family, and how you got to where you are now. Second, we want to record for future researchers your scientific, clinical and scholarly contributions to the field of pediatrics. Third, this is billed a neonatology oral history, because we’re interested in understandinghow the field of neonatology developed, its major achievements, and where you see it going in

the future. You are one of the creators of the field of neonatology. We want to know your role in this field, and your memories of how the field began and developed.The interview process is a relatively simple one. I have a script, which we have used with some

modifications, for all of the people who have been interviewed. This gives a structure to the interview and allows us to cover the same material with each interviewee. By putting together

the answers to each of these questions by each interviewee, we hope to be able to reconstruct the evolution of the field and identify neonatology’s major achievements. Thus, I will ask questions, but that is only an outline. You’re free to wander off the topic if thoughts come to mind

that are tangential. You can say anything you want. You will have the opportunity to edit the transcript for accuracy and content. We hope that you will not remove anything or make any changes except for reasons of accuracy. I will also be editing the manuscript, but only to make it

readable and smooth. I will not change anything that you have said. We really want your words.We are recording this interview both on digital audio disk for transcription and also on digital

video with sound to have an archival record of this interview, including your image and the setting here in your home, so that we can show any artifacts or pictures you would like to share with us. We can expect the interview will take nearly the entire day. There is no time limit. We

want this interview to be as complete and comprehensive as possible. Whenever you want to stop, just let me know and we will take a break. We should break for lunch as well, which I know you’ve planned. Please relax and enjoy this day of reminiscence. It’s your day.Now, what I’d like to start with is some personal history, a little background about you. So first, tell me about your origins. Who were your parents, ancestors,where were you born, do you have siblings, what is your family life like, what was your early

schooling, all of that?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Okay, thanks, Larry. Okay, thanks, Larry. Okay, thanks, Larry. Okay, thanks, Larry. ItItItIt’’’’s been quite an s been quite an s been quite an s been quite an honor to be a member of this august group. honor to be a member of this august group. honor to be a member of this august group. honor to be a member of this august group. ItItItIt’’’’s s s s very, very hard for me to very, very hard for me to very, very hard for me to very, very hard for me to express my feelings about this very, very large honor. express my feelings about this very, very large honor. express my feelings about this very, very large honor. express my feelings about this very, very large honor. I was born I was born I was born I was born almost 77 almost 77 almost 77 almost 77 years ago in a small town called Cagayan de Oro.years ago in a small town called Cagayan de Oro.years ago in a small town called Cagayan de Oro.years ago in a small town called Cagayan de Oro.

DR. GARTNER: Do you want to spell that?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: CCCC----aaaa----gggg----aaaa----yyyy----aaaa----n n n n dddd----e Oe Oe Oe O----rrrr----o. o. o. o. ItItItIt’’’’s a small town in the southern part of the s a small town in the southern part of the s a small town in the southern part of the s a small town in the southern part of the Philippines. Philippines. Philippines. Philippines. My parents are Chinese. My parents are Chinese. My parents are Chinese. My parents are Chinese. They emigrated from China to the They emigrated from China to the They emigrated from China to the They emigrated from China to the Philippines and, essentially, grew Philippines and, essentially, grew Philippines and, essentially, grew Philippines and, essentially, grew up in this small town, as well. up in this small town, as well. up in this small town, as well. up in this small town, as well. They were of They were of They were of They were of modest economic class. modest economic class. modest economic class. modest economic class. They owned a small They owned a small They owned a small They owned a small

grocery store and earned enough grocery store and earned enough grocery store and earned enough grocery store and earned enough income to support, essentially, the livelihood and education income to support, essentially, the livelihood and education income to support, essentially, the livelihood and education income to support, essentially, the livelihood and education of my ten siblings. of my ten siblings. of my ten siblings. of my ten siblings. It was a very loving family, very, veryIt was a very loving family, very, veryIt was a very loving family, very, veryIt was a very loving family, very, very

congenial. congenial. congenial. congenial. We all We all We all We all helped each other. helped each other. helped each other. helped each other. My parents put education as their highest priority. My parents put education as their highest priority. My parents put education as their highest priority. My parents put education as their highest priority. All ten All ten All ten All ten of us made some very major achievements. of us made some very major achievements. of us made some very major achievements. of us made some very major achievements. In fact, there are two of us who are In fact, there are two of us who are In fact, there are two of us who are In fact, there are two of us who are MDs, one an MDs, one an MDs, one an MDs, one an

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internist and myself. internist and myself. internist and myself. internist and myself. I have several MDs in the family, not only my I have several MDs in the family, not only my I have several MDs in the family, not only my I have several MDs in the family, not only my inininin----laws, but my spouse, laws, but my spouse, laws, but my spouse, laws, but my spouse, and my brothersand my brothersand my brothersand my brothers’ ’ ’ ’ spouses, my sistersspouses, my sistersspouses, my sistersspouses, my sisters’ ’ ’ ’ spouses, and also spouses, and also spouses, and also spouses, and also our nieces and nephews. our nieces and nephews. our nieces and nephews. our nieces and nephews. At the last At the last At the last At the last count, we had about 25 doctors in this huge count, we had about 25 doctors in this huge count, we had about 25 doctors in this huge count, we had about 25 doctors in this huge family.family.family.family.

DR. GARTNER: Impressive.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We also have two PhD [doctor of philosophy] brothers. Both are We also have two PhD [doctor of philosophy] brothers. Both are We also have two PhD [doctor of philosophy] brothers. Both are We also have two PhD [doctor of philosophy] brothers. Both are engineers. engineers. engineers. engineers. In fact, In fact, In fact, In fact, they both work for General Motors [Corporation], very high they both work for General Motors [Corporation], very high they both work for General Motors [Corporation], very high they both work for General Motors [Corporation], very high in the hierarchy of the executive in the hierarchy of the executive in the hierarchy of the executive in the hierarchy of the executive

offices. offices. offices. offices. And my sisters were all very And my sisters were all very And my sisters were all very And my sisters were all very successful. successful. successful. successful. Two were teachers. Two were teachers. Two were teachers. Two were teachers. One is actually a One is actually a One is actually a One is actually a businesswoman and has a very businesswoman and has a very businesswoman and has a very businesswoman and has a very large financial empire back home.large financial empire back home.large financial empire back home.large financial empire back home.

DR. GARTNER: What does she do? What sort of business?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She owns a She owns a She owns a She owns a shipping company, a very large shipping company, also importshipping company, a very large shipping company, also importshipping company, a very large shipping company, also importshipping company, a very large shipping company, also import----export. export. export. export. She is She is She is She is very wellvery wellvery wellvery well----totototo----do.do.do.do.

To go back to my parents, as I said they were To go back to my parents, as I said they were To go back to my parents, as I said they were To go back to my parents, as I said they were of modest means. of modest means. of modest means. of modest means. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t have a big t have a big t have a big t have a big inheritance. inheritance. inheritance. inheritance. They made a living out of They made a living out of They made a living out of They made a living out of this little grocery store, but they put everything in our this little grocery store, but they put everything in our this little grocery store, but they put everything in our this little grocery store, but they put everything in our education. education. education. education. All of us All of us All of us All of us went to colleges and were all successful, so wewent to colleges and were all successful, so wewent to colleges and were all successful, so wewent to colleges and were all successful, so we’’’’re very grateful to them. re very grateful to them. re very grateful to them. re very grateful to them.

They They They They both passed away, but they were very, very successful in raising all of us. both passed away, but they were very, very successful in raising all of us. both passed away, but they were very, very successful in raising all of us. both passed away, but they were very, very successful in raising all of us. I I I I grew up grew up grew up grew up during World War II, actually. I still remember the days when we were during World War II, actually. I still remember the days when we were during World War II, actually. I still remember the days when we were during World War II, actually. I still remember the days when we were hiding in a mountain in hiding in a mountain in hiding in a mountain in hiding in a mountain in

this part of the Philippines. this part of the Philippines. this part of the Philippines. this part of the Philippines. My dad was a member of an My dad was a member of an My dad was a member of an My dad was a member of an antiantiantianti----Japanese committee, so when Japanese committee, so when Japanese committee, so when Japanese committee, so when the Japanese soldiers invaded the Philippines the Japanese soldiers invaded the Philippines the Japanese soldiers invaded the Philippines the Japanese soldiers invaded the Philippines and took over this town, they were looking for and took over this town, they were looking for and took over this town, they were looking for and took over this town, they were looking for my dad, because he was considered my dad, because he was considered my dad, because he was considered my dad, because he was considered a spy. a spy. a spy. a spy. They really wanted to get him and, essentially, They really wanted to get him and, essentially, They really wanted to get him and, essentially, They really wanted to get him and, essentially,

execute him. execute him. execute him. execute him. In fact, In fact, In fact, In fact, there were five members in that committee. there were five members in that committee. there were five members in that committee. there were five members in that committee. Three of them were Three of them were Three of them were Three of them were executed. My executed. My executed. My executed. My father was a lucky one. father was a lucky one. father was a lucky one. father was a lucky one. The whole family moved to a mountainside,The whole family moved to a mountainside,The whole family moved to a mountainside,The whole family moved to a mountainside,

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essentially, hidden there for three years. essentially, hidden there for three years. essentially, hidden there for three years. essentially, hidden there for three years. ItItItIt’’’’s a very interesting s a very interesting s a very interesting s a very interesting experience, and Iexperience, and Iexperience, and Iexperience, and I’’’’ll never ll never ll never ll never forget those experiences.forget those experiences.forget those experiences.forget those experiences.

DR. GARTNER: I’m sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was barefoot for three I was barefoot for three I was barefoot for three I was barefoot for three years. years. years. years. We couldnWe couldnWe couldnWe couldn’’’’t buy shoes. In fact, thatt buy shoes. In fact, thatt buy shoes. In fact, thatt buy shoes. In fact, that’’’’s one of the s one of the s one of the s one of the reasons that I have to reasons that I have to reasons that I have to reasons that I have to have triplehave triplehave triplehave triple----E, quadrupleE, quadrupleE, quadrupleE, quadruple----E shoes.E shoes.E shoes.E shoes.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s because I grew up at a time when I s because I grew up at a time when I s because I grew up at a time when I s because I grew up at a time when I had no shoes to wear, so my feet grew wider.had no shoes to wear, so my feet grew wider.had no shoes to wear, so my feet grew wider.had no shoes to wear, so my feet grew wider.

DR. GARTNER: How old were you during this period, these three years?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was around 12 to 14, really, a growingI was around 12 to 14, really, a growingI was around 12 to 14, really, a growingI was around 12 to 14, really, a growing----up teenager. We had to farm up teenager. We had to farm up teenager. We had to farm up teenager. We had to farm in the little in the little in the little in the little mountainside. mountainside. mountainside. mountainside. I still remember helping my dad and my older I still remember helping my dad and my older I still remember helping my dad and my older I still remember helping my dad and my older brothers farming, planting corn brothers farming, planting corn brothers farming, planting corn brothers farming, planting corn and rice so that we could have something to eat. and rice so that we could have something to eat. and rice so that we could have something to eat. and rice so that we could have something to eat. We had a little chicken farm in the back. We had a little chicken farm in the back. We had a little chicken farm in the back. We had a little chicken farm in the back. I I I I had to go out every morning and had to go out every morning and had to go out every morning and had to go out every morning and collect eggs so we could have eggs for breakfast. collect eggs so we could have eggs for breakfast. collect eggs so we could have eggs for breakfast. collect eggs so we could have eggs for breakfast. It was a It was a It was a It was a very interesting very interesting very interesting very interesting experience. experience. experience. experience. I donI donI donI don’’’’t think there are that many people who had that kind of t think there are that many people who had that kind of t think there are that many people who had that kind of t think there are that many people who had that kind of experience during the war.experience during the war.experience during the war.experience during the war.

DR. GARTNER: The Japanese never found you?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Well [chuckles], they came to Well [chuckles], they came to Well [chuckles], they came to Well [chuckles], they came to this mountainside, actually, once a week, almost every this mountainside, actually, once a week, almost every this mountainside, actually, once a week, almost every this mountainside, actually, once a week, almost every Monday or Tuesday. Monday or Tuesday. Monday or Tuesday. Monday or Tuesday. We We We We had some sentinels out there, so when they saw the Japanese patrol had some sentinels out there, so when they saw the Japanese patrol had some sentinels out there, so when they saw the Japanese patrol had some sentinels out there, so when they saw the Japanese patrol coming by, coming by, coming by, coming by, they would run and warn everybody that the Japanese were coming. they would run and warn everybody that the Japanese were coming. they would run and warn everybody that the Japanese were coming. they would run and warn everybody that the Japanese were coming. So we would So we would So we would So we would pack up and hide in the river in the back of the mountainside town. pack up and hide in the river in the back of the mountainside town. pack up and hide in the river in the back of the mountainside town. pack up and hide in the river in the back of the mountainside town. The whole The whole The whole The whole family would family would family would family would

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move into the riverside to hide from them, but they only patrolled move into the riverside to hide from them, but they only patrolled move into the riverside to hide from them, but they only patrolled move into the riverside to hide from them, but they only patrolled on the highway. on the highway. on the highway. on the highway. I still I still I still I still remember that every one of us had a responsibility. remember that every one of us had a responsibility. remember that every one of us had a responsibility. remember that every one of us had a responsibility. I I I I remember my responsibility was to remember my responsibility was to remember my responsibility was to remember my responsibility was to carry a bag of rice and a bag of clothing that carry a bag of rice and a bag of clothing that carry a bag of rice and a bag of clothing that carry a bag of rice and a bag of clothing that I owned. I owned. I owned. I owned. Everyone was prepared. Everyone was prepared. Everyone was prepared. Everyone was prepared. So whenever So whenever So whenever So whenever the sentinel came and said, the sentinel came and said, the sentinel came and said, the sentinel came and said, ““““The The The The Japanese are coming,Japanese are coming,Japanese are coming,Japanese are coming,” ” ” ” we would each pack up our things and we would each pack up our things and we would each pack up our things and we would each pack up our things and run until the run until the run until the run until the sentinel come back and said, sentinel come back and said, sentinel come back and said, sentinel come back and said, ““““TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re all gone.re all gone.re all gone.re all gone.” ” ” ” Then we could come back and Then we could come back and Then we could come back and Then we could come back and stay in the house. stay in the house. stay in the house. stay in the house. So it was a very interesting experience. So it was a very interesting experience. So it was a very interesting experience. So it was a very interesting experience. The kind of The kind of The kind of The kind of experience that experience that experience that experience that actually built your character, because you learned to be actually built your character, because you learned to be actually built your character, because you learned to be actually built your character, because you learned to be organized, you learned to be alert and organized, you learned to be alert and organized, you learned to be alert and organized, you learned to be alert and you learned to take care of each other. you learned to take care of each other. you learned to take care of each other. you learned to take care of each other. It really was a character builder, those threeIt really was a character builder, those threeIt really was a character builder, those threeIt really was a character builder, those three

years. years. years. years. I was I was I was I was very, in a way, fortunate to have that kind of experience.very, in a way, fortunate to have that kind of experience.very, in a way, fortunate to have that kind of experience.very, in a way, fortunate to have that kind of experience.

DR. GARTNER: As long as you survive.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Right. Right. Right. Right. After the war I went to school. After the war I went to school. After the war I went to school. After the war I went to school. I was very lucky to go into I was very lucky to go into I was very lucky to go into I was very lucky to go into an American Jesuitan American Jesuitan American Jesuitan American Jesuit----run high school and junior college [Xavier University run high school and junior college [Xavier University run high school and junior college [Xavier University run high school and junior college [Xavier University –––– Ateneo de Cagayan]. Ateneo de Cagayan]. Ateneo de Cagayan]. Ateneo de Cagayan]. I remember I was I remember I was I remember I was I remember I was number one in the class, actually, number one in the class, actually, number one in the class, actually, number one in the class, actually, graduating high school class. graduating high school class. graduating high school class. graduating high school class. I still remember my mentor, a I still remember my mentor, a I still remember my mentor, a I still remember my mentor, a Jesuit priest from Jesuit priest from Jesuit priest from Jesuit priest from Janesville, Wisconsin. Janesville, Wisconsin. Janesville, Wisconsin. Janesville, Wisconsin. His name was Father William Masterson.His name was Father William Masterson.His name was Father William Masterson.His name was Father William Masterson.

I was so impressed with him. I was so impressed with him. I was so impressed with him. I was so impressed with him. He was such a kind, motivating person He was such a kind, motivating person He was such a kind, motivating person He was such a kind, motivating person that I wanted to be like that I wanted to be like that I wanted to be like that I wanted to be like him. him. him. him. So at one point, when I was graduating and trying So at one point, when I was graduating and trying So at one point, when I was graduating and trying So at one point, when I was graduating and trying to figure out what to do with my life, I to figure out what to do with my life, I to figure out what to do with my life, I to figure out what to do with my life, I thought maybe I had a vocation to be a thought maybe I had a vocation to be a thought maybe I had a vocation to be a thought maybe I had a vocation to be a priest. priest. priest. priest. I went home to tell my mom about it. I went home to tell my mom about it. I went home to tell my mom about it. I went home to tell my mom about it. My mom My mom My mom My mom was a Buddhist.was a Buddhist.was a Buddhist.was a Buddhist.

DR. GARTNER: [Chuckles]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She She She She looked at me, and she said, looked at me, and she said, looked at me, and she said, looked at me, and she said, ““““YouYouYouYou’’’’re not going to be a priest. re not going to be a priest. re not going to be a priest. re not going to be a priest. I want a grandson I want a grandson I want a grandson I want a grandson from you.from you.from you.from you.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And she cried, and she cried. And she cried, and she cried. And she cried, and she cried. And she cried, and she cried. She cried three days and three nights. She cried three days and three nights. She cried three days and three nights. She cried three days and three nights. She wouldnShe wouldnShe wouldnShe wouldn’’’’t t t t stop. stop. stop. stop. I was a middle child. I was a middle child. I was a middle child. I was a middle child. I was number six in the family, but I I was number six in the family, but I I was number six in the family, but I I was number six in the family, but I followed three girls. followed three girls. followed three girls. followed three girls. You know You know You know You know how Chinese are. how Chinese are. how Chinese are. how Chinese are. TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re very prore very prore very prore very pro----male, so I male, so I male, so I male, so I was the first boy after the three girls. was the first boy after the three girls. was the first boy after the three girls. was the first boy after the three girls. I was I was I was I was very close to her heart, I very close to her heart, I very close to her heart, I very close to her heart, I think. think. think. think. So anyway, I couldnSo anyway, I couldnSo anyway, I couldnSo anyway, I couldn’’’’t take it. t take it. t take it. t take it. I couldnI couldnI couldnI couldn’’’’t let my mom down. So I t let my mom down. So I t let my mom down. So I t let my mom down. So I went went went went back to Father Masterson, and I said, back to Father Masterson, and I said, back to Father Masterson, and I said, back to Father Masterson, and I said, ““““Father, I canFather, I canFather, I canFather, I can’’’’t do this. I cant do this. I cant do this. I cant do this. I can’’’’t let my t let my t let my t let my mom down mom down mom down mom down like that.like that.like that.like that.” ” ” ” And he was very understanding. He used to call me William, And he was very understanding. He used to call me William, And he was very understanding. He used to call me William, And he was very understanding. He used to call me William, not Bill, and he said, not Bill, and he said, not Bill, and he said, not Bill, and he said, ““““Well, William, if youWell, William, if youWell, William, if youWell, William, if you

cannot save cannot save cannot save cannot save souls, you might as well save bodies.souls, you might as well save bodies.souls, you might as well save bodies.souls, you might as well save bodies.” ” ” ” He was encouraging me to go into He was encouraging me to go into He was encouraging me to go into He was encouraging me to go into medicine, and so I did. medicine, and so I did. medicine, and so I did. medicine, and so I did. I went into medicine partly because of this experience. I went into medicine partly because of this experience. I went into medicine partly because of this experience. I went into medicine partly because of this experience. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a s a s a s a verbatim quote that I made from him. verbatim quote that I made from him. verbatim quote that I made from him. verbatim quote that I made from him. ““““If you canIf you canIf you canIf you can’’’’t save souls, go and t save souls, go and t save souls, go and t save souls, go and save some bodies.save some bodies.save some bodies.save some bodies.” ” ” ” He He He He helped me a lot in my med school application. helped me a lot in my med school application. helped me a lot in my med school application. helped me a lot in my med school application. I got into I got into I got into I got into this Catholic university. this Catholic university. this Catholic university. this Catholic university. It was called It was called It was called It was called University of Santo Tomas in Manila, University of Santo Tomas in Manila, University of Santo Tomas in Manila, University of Santo Tomas in Manila, where I went to medical school. where I went to medical school. where I went to medical school. where I went to medical school. He wrote a strong letter He wrote a strong letter He wrote a strong letter He wrote a strong letter for me, and I got in. for me, and I got in. for me, and I got in. for me, and I got in. As I said, our family was very modest, so I didnAs I said, our family was very modest, so I didnAs I said, our family was very modest, so I didnAs I said, our family was very modest, so I didn’’’’t really have much money t really have much money t really have much money t really have much money to pay to pay to pay to pay for tuition, so I studied very hard to get scholarships, and I was very lucky. for tuition, so I studied very hard to get scholarships, and I was very lucky. for tuition, so I studied very hard to get scholarships, and I was very lucky. for tuition, so I studied very hard to get scholarships, and I was very lucky. I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t pay t pay t pay t pay a dime through my foura dime through my foura dime through my foura dime through my four---- year medical school, quite frankly, because year medical school, quite frankly, because year medical school, quite frankly, because year medical school, quite frankly, because I was on a university I was on a university I was on a university I was on a university scholarship throughout the four years. scholarship throughout the four years. scholarship throughout the four years. scholarship throughout the four years. I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t pay t pay t pay t pay anything.anything.anything.anything.

DR. GARTNER: Good. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I got a free education.I got a free education.I got a free education.I got a free education.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] I think you earned it with your mind.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I remember another thing about my career while in the medical school. I remember another thing about my career while in the medical school. I remember another thing about my career while in the medical school. I remember another thing about my career while in the medical school. I was I was I was I was very very very very fascinated by children. Pediatrics was my favorite subject. fascinated by children. Pediatrics was my favorite subject. fascinated by children. Pediatrics was my favorite subject. fascinated by children. Pediatrics was my favorite subject. It was a It was a It was a It was a thirdthirdthirdthird----year clinical year clinical year clinical year clinical preceptorship. preceptorship. preceptorship. preceptorship. So I decided ISo I decided ISo I decided ISo I decided I

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wanted to go into pediatrics, and thatwanted to go into pediatrics, and thatwanted to go into pediatrics, and thatwanted to go into pediatrics, and that’’’’s how it started. s how it started. s how it started. s how it started. I really I really I really I really love children. Thatlove children. Thatlove children. Thatlove children. That’’’’s what my s what my s what my s what my love is. love is. love is. love is. When people ask me what they should do When people ask me what they should do When people ask me what they should do When people ask me what they should do for their career, my advice always is, for their career, my advice always is, for their career, my advice always is, for their career, my advice always is, ““““Go Go Go Go with your passion. with your passion. with your passion. with your passion. Whatever your Whatever your Whatever your Whatever your first love is, go for it. first love is, go for it. first love is, go for it. first love is, go for it. You will never go wrong.You will never go wrong.You will never go wrong.You will never go wrong.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Am I being too longAm I being too longAm I being too longAm I being too long----winded? winded? winded? winded? DR. GARTNER: No, no. Not at all. It’s perfect. DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Interrupt me any time.Interrupt me any time.Interrupt me any time.Interrupt me any time.

DR. GARTNER: No, no. I don’t want to interrupt you. I want you to continue on.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So following the graduation from medical So following the graduation from medical So following the graduation from medical So following the graduation from medical school, I tried to establish a practice in this school, I tried to establish a practice in this school, I tried to establish a practice in this school, I tried to establish a practice in this small town back home, and I small town back home, and I small town back home, and I small town back home, and I couldncouldncouldncouldn’’’’t make it. In a small town, they dont make it. In a small town, they dont make it. In a small town, they dont make it. In a small town, they don’’’’t have enough people t have enough people t have enough people t have enough people to support a to support a to support a to support a pediatrician, actually. pediatrician, actually. pediatrician, actually. pediatrician, actually. I had a lot of chickens and eggs people brought in when I had a lot of chickens and eggs people brought in when I had a lot of chickens and eggs people brought in when I had a lot of chickens and eggs people brought in when they couldnthey couldnthey couldnthey couldn’’’’t pay.t pay.t pay.t pay.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I decided maybe I should go into teaching, perhaps go into I decided maybe I should go into teaching, perhaps go into I decided maybe I should go into teaching, perhaps go into I decided maybe I should go into teaching, perhaps go into academics. academics. academics. academics. I went back to I went back to I went back to I went back to my medical school and asked them if I could get a my medical school and asked them if I could get a my medical school and asked them if I could get a my medical school and asked them if I could get a faculty appointment, and they said, faculty appointment, and they said, faculty appointment, and they said, faculty appointment, and they said, ““““No, we No, we No, we No, we dondondondon’’’’t have any slots.t have any slots.t have any slots.t have any slots.” ” ” ” So I decided So I decided So I decided So I decided that maybe I should go abroad. Thatthat maybe I should go abroad. Thatthat maybe I should go abroad. Thatthat maybe I should go abroad. That’’’’s when my plan to s when my plan to s when my plan to s when my plan to come to the United States come to the United States come to the United States come to the United States came up. came up. came up. came up. I thought that I should try to go abroad, because I had I thought that I should try to go abroad, because I had I thought that I should try to go abroad, because I had I thought that I should try to go abroad, because I had heard so much heard so much heard so much heard so much about America. about America. about America. about America. ItItItIt’’’’s a land of opportunity. s a land of opportunity. s a land of opportunity. s a land of opportunity. If you wantIf you wantIf you wantIf you want

to to to to fulfill your dream, go there, you know? fulfill your dream, go there, you know? fulfill your dream, go there, you know? fulfill your dream, go there, you know? Those were the days when a lot of Those were the days when a lot of Those were the days when a lot of Those were the days when a lot of people from people from people from people from foreign countries had that kind of feeling, and I was one of them. I foreign countries had that kind of feeling, and I was one of them. I foreign countries had that kind of feeling, and I was one of them. I foreign countries had that kind of feeling, and I was one of them. I applied, and I got an applied, and I got an applied, and I got an applied, and I got an internship appointment at a hospital called Deaconess internship appointment at a hospital called Deaconess internship appointment at a hospital called Deaconess internship appointment at a hospital called Deaconess Hospital in Milwaukee [now part of Hospital in Milwaukee [now part of Hospital in Milwaukee [now part of Hospital in Milwaukee [now part of Aurora Health Care]. Aurora Health Care]. Aurora Health Care]. Aurora Health Care]. In fact, a fewIn fact, a fewIn fact, a fewIn fact, a few

years ago I went back. years ago I went back. years ago I went back. years ago I went back. One of my friends had a wedding in Milwaukee. One of my friends had a wedding in Milwaukee. One of my friends had a wedding in Milwaukee. One of my friends had a wedding in Milwaukee. I went for the wedding, I went for the wedding, I went for the wedding, I went for the wedding, and I drove around with Mary trying to find this and I drove around with Mary trying to find this and I drove around with Mary trying to find this and I drove around with Mary trying to find this hospital. hospital. hospital. hospital. I couldnI couldnI couldnI couldn’’’’t find it.t find it.t find it.t find it.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s gone. s gone. s gone. s gone. DR. GARTNER: It’s gone.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s now replaced by a little gas s now replaced by a little gas s now replaced by a little gas s now replaced by a little gas station.station.station.station.

5

DR. GARTNER: Oh, dear.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was sad to see it.It was sad to see it.It was sad to see it.It was sad to see it.

DR. GARTNER: Let me ask you before you go on, did you have any pediatric residency or

internship training before you tried your hand at being a pediatrician?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, no. No, no. No, no. No, no. I came straight from medical I came straight from medical I came straight from medical I came straight from medical school. school. school. school. I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t have any pediatric residency t have any pediatric residency t have any pediatric residency t have any pediatric residency training. training. training. training. I just came directly I just came directly I just came directly I just came directly to Milwaukee for the rotating internship. to Milwaukee for the rotating internship. to Milwaukee for the rotating internship. to Milwaukee for the rotating internship. In those days, you In those days, you In those days, you In those days, you needed a oneneeded a oneneeded a oneneeded a one----year year year year internship, and then two years of specialty training. internship, and then two years of specialty training. internship, and then two years of specialty training. internship, and then two years of specialty training. I still remember, in I still remember, in I still remember, in I still remember, in Milwaukee I hung out with a pediatrician all the time. Milwaukee I hung out with a pediatrician all the time. Milwaukee I hung out with a pediatrician all the time. Milwaukee I hung out with a pediatrician all the time. His name was Dr. [Joseph His name was Dr. [Joseph His name was Dr. [Joseph His name was Dr. [Joseph E.] Vaccaro. E.] Vaccaro. E.] Vaccaro. E.] Vaccaro. He was an excellent pediatrician. He was an excellent pediatrician. He was an excellent pediatrician. He was an excellent pediatrician. He was at St. MichaelHe was at St. MichaelHe was at St. MichaelHe was at St. Michael’’’’s s s s Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. He was such a nice He was such a nice He was such a nice He was such a nice

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person, and I enjoyed working with him. person, and I enjoyed working with him. person, and I enjoyed working with him. person, and I enjoyed working with him. I I I I followed him all the time. followed him all the time. followed him all the time. followed him all the time. When I was in pediatrics, When I was in pediatrics, When I was in pediatrics, When I was in pediatrics, he was almost like Father he was almost like Father he was almost like Father he was almost like Father Masterson to me, in religion. Masterson to me, in religion. Masterson to me, in religion. Masterson to me, in religion. He was my mentor in pediatrics.He was my mentor in pediatrics.He was my mentor in pediatrics.He was my mentor in pediatrics.

DR. GARTNER: That’s great.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: About About About About six months into my internship, I had to apply for a residency program, so I six months into my internship, I had to apply for a residency program, so I six months into my internship, I had to apply for a residency program, so I six months into my internship, I had to apply for a residency program, so I applied in several places. applied in several places. applied in several places. applied in several places. One of the places was Chicago, Michael Reese One of the places was Chicago, Michael Reese One of the places was Chicago, Michael Reese One of the places was Chicago, Michael Reese Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. Hospital. I was really I was really I was really I was really lucky. lucky. lucky. lucky. I was accepted there, and Dr. Jack Metcoff, who I was accepted there, and Dr. Jack Metcoff, who I was accepted there, and Dr. Jack Metcoff, who I was accepted there, and Dr. Jack Metcoff, who was really the most important mentor was really the most important mentor was really the most important mentor was really the most important mentor in my life, told me afterward, in my life, told me afterward, in my life, told me afterward, in my life, told me afterward, ““““Do you know Do you know Do you know Do you know why we took you in?why we took you in?why we took you in?why we took you in?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““No, why?No, why?No, why?No, why?” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Well, you came to the Well, you came to the Well, you came to the Well, you came to the interview in a ten inch snowstorm. interview in a ten inch snowstorm. interview in a ten inch snowstorm. interview in a ten inch snowstorm. If you did that, we thought that you If you did that, we thought that you If you did that, we thought that you If you did that, we thought that you must be must be must be must be a very determined young person that will succeed, so we took you.a very determined young person that will succeed, so we took you.a very determined young person that will succeed, so we took you.a very determined young person that will succeed, so we took you.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That was a That was a That was a That was a very important move in my career. very important move in my career. very important move in my career. very important move in my career. Dr. Metcoff was really my mentor. Dr. Metcoff was really my mentor. Dr. Metcoff was really my mentor. Dr. Metcoff was really my mentor. He He He He taught taught taught taught me how to take care of patients.me how to take care of patients.me how to take care of patients.me how to take care of patients.

He taught me how to deal with He taught me how to deal with He taught me how to deal with He taught me how to deal with people. people. people. people. He instilled culture on all of us. I still remember one He instilled culture on all of us. I still remember one He instilled culture on all of us. I still remember one He instilled culture on all of us. I still remember one experience I experience I experience I experience I had with him. had with him. had with him. had with him. Every Wednesday afternoon between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., he Every Wednesday afternoon between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., he Every Wednesday afternoon between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., he Every Wednesday afternoon between 4:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., he would sit down with his residents in a conference room with tea and a few would sit down with his residents in a conference room with tea and a few would sit down with his residents in a conference room with tea and a few would sit down with his residents in a conference room with tea and a few cookies, and he cookies, and he cookies, and he cookies, and he would talk aboutwould talk aboutwould talk aboutwould talk about

painting and music, classical painting and music, classical painting and music, classical painting and music, classical and otherwise. and otherwise. and otherwise. and otherwise. No medicine. No medicine. No medicine. No medicine. He just wanted to talk about art. He just wanted to talk about art. He just wanted to talk about art. He just wanted to talk about art. And that was And that was And that was And that was really an experience. really an experience. really an experience. really an experience. He was a very cultured person himself, and he wanted his He was a very cultured person himself, and he wanted his He was a very cultured person himself, and he wanted his He was a very cultured person himself, and he wanted his residents to be real, cultured, compassionate doctors. residents to be real, cultured, compassionate doctors. residents to be real, cultured, compassionate doctors. residents to be real, cultured, compassionate doctors. And thatAnd thatAnd thatAnd that’’’’s how Dr. s how Dr. s how Dr. s how Dr. Metcoff was. Metcoff was. Metcoff was. Metcoff was. You You You You knew him.knew him.knew him.knew him.

DR. GARTNER: I met him many years ago.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Wonderful person. Wonderful person. Wonderful person. Wonderful person. One more One more One more One more experience Iexperience Iexperience Iexperience I’’’’ve got to tell. ve got to tell. ve got to tell. ve got to tell. ItItItIt’’’’s a very important s a very important s a very important s a very important experience for me. experience for me. experience for me. experience for me. I was in I was in I was in I was in the newborn nurserythe newborn nurserythe newborn nurserythe newborn nursery

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rotation, and one night rotation, and one night rotation, and one night rotation, and one night I was on call about 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. I was on call about 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. I was on call about 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. I was on call about 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. I got a frantic call from a I got a frantic call from a I got a frantic call from a I got a frantic call from a nursery nursery nursery nursery nurse, the head nurse. She said, nurse, the head nurse. She said, nurse, the head nurse. She said, nurse, the head nurse. She said, ““““Dr. Oh, come over. Dr. Oh, come over. Dr. Oh, come over. Dr. Oh, come over. We have this baby who is We have this baby who is We have this baby who is We have this baby who is pale, pale, pale, pale, in severe respiratory distress. in severe respiratory distress. in severe respiratory distress. in severe respiratory distress. Just born.Just born.Just born.Just born.””””

I ran right I ran right I ran right I ran right over, and I took a look at the kid. over, and I took a look at the kid. over, and I took a look at the kid. over, and I took a look at the kid. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““This kid is anemic.This kid is anemic.This kid is anemic.This kid is anemic.” ” ” ” He had a pale He had a pale He had a pale He had a pale color color color color and was in distress, obviously in failure. and was in distress, obviously in failure. and was in distress, obviously in failure. and was in distress, obviously in failure. So I immediately told the So I immediately told the So I immediately told the So I immediately told the nurse, nurse, nurse, nurse, ““““Go down to the Go down to the Go down to the Go down to the blood bank and get a bag of Oblood bank and get a bag of Oblood bank and get a bag of Oblood bank and get a bag of O---- negative blood. negative blood. negative blood. negative blood. Never Never Never Never mind the crossmatch or typing, just give mind the crossmatch or typing, just give mind the crossmatch or typing, just give mind the crossmatch or typing, just give me the blood.me the blood.me the blood.me the blood.” ” ” ” I put a catheter in the I put a catheter in the I put a catheter in the I put a catheter in the umbilical vein right away. umbilical vein right away. umbilical vein right away. umbilical vein right away. It was a just born baby. It was a just born baby. It was a just born baby. It was a just born baby. I I I I transfused the kid, and transfused the kid, and transfused the kid, and transfused the kid, and within half an hour that kid was perfectly normal within half an hour that kid was perfectly normal within half an hour that kid was perfectly normal within half an hour that kid was perfectly normal ———— pink and breathing pink and breathing pink and breathing pink and breathing normally. normally. normally. normally. I was so proud of myself. I was so proud of myself. I was so proud of myself. I was so proud of myself. The nextThe nextThe nextThe next

morning, I got called to morning, I got called to morning, I got called to morning, I got called to Dr. MetcoffDr. MetcoffDr. MetcoffDr. Metcoff’’’’s office. s office. s office. s office. He wanted me there with two of the most senior He wanted me there with two of the most senior He wanted me there with two of the most senior He wanted me there with two of the most senior pediatricians in town. pediatricians in town. pediatricians in town. pediatricians in town. IIII’’’’m not going to name names. m not going to name names. m not going to name names. m not going to name names. They were sitting very They were sitting very They were sitting very They were sitting very sternly, and Dr. sternly, and Dr. sternly, and Dr. sternly, and Dr. Metcoff was sitting there. Metcoff was sitting there. Metcoff was sitting there. Metcoff was sitting there. I was soI was soI was soI was so

nervous! nervous! nervous! nervous! I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t know what I did.t know what I did.t know what I did.t know what I did.

So I just walked in, and Dr. Metcoff So I just walked in, and Dr. Metcoff So I just walked in, and Dr. Metcoff So I just walked in, and Dr. Metcoff said, said, said, said, ““““You took care of a baby last night with anemia and You took care of a baby last night with anemia and You took care of a baby last night with anemia and You took care of a baby last night with anemia and you gave a you gave a you gave a you gave a transfusion.transfusion.transfusion.transfusion.” ” ” ” ““““Yes, I did,Yes, I did,Yes, I did,Yes, I did,” ” ” ” I said. I said. I said. I said. ““““The kid probably had a fetal maternal The kid probably had a fetal maternal The kid probably had a fetal maternal The kid probably had a fetal maternal bleed. bleed. bleed. bleed. He He He He was just born and pale, and I immediately transfused the baby. was just born and pale, and I immediately transfused the baby. was just born and pale, and I immediately transfused the baby. was just born and pale, and I immediately transfused the baby. He He He He was okay.was okay.was okay.was okay.” ” ” ” He looked at He looked at He looked at He looked at these two pediatricians, and he said, these two pediatricians, and he said, these two pediatricians, and he said, these two pediatricians, and he said, ““““And you didnAnd you didnAnd you didnAnd you didn’’’’t t t t call these two pediatricianscall these two pediatricianscall these two pediatricianscall these two pediatricians

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before you did it?before you did it?before you did it?before you did it?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Metcoff, I had no time to waste. Metcoff, I had no time to waste. Metcoff, I had no time to waste. Metcoff, I had no time to waste. This kid was going to die on This kid was going to die on This kid was going to die on This kid was going to die on me.me.me.me.” ” ” ” And I And I And I And I didndidndidndidn’’’’t call them afterwards. t call them afterwards. t call them afterwards. t call them afterwards. That was a mistake. That was the big the mistake I That was a mistake. That was the big the mistake I That was a mistake. That was the big the mistake I That was a mistake. That was the big the mistake I made.made.made.made.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But he looked at me and said, But he looked at me and said, But he looked at me and said, But he looked at me and said, ““““ThatThatThatThat’’’’s okay. s okay. s okay. s okay. I just want you to know that I just want you to know that I just want you to know that I just want you to know that theytheytheythey’’’’re not re not re not re not very happy you didnvery happy you didnvery happy you didnvery happy you didn’’’’t call them. t call them. t call them. t call them. You should have called them after You should have called them after You should have called them after You should have called them after you did the thing. you did the thing. you did the thing. you did the thing. And you And you And you And you did the right thing.did the right thing.did the right thing.did the right thing.” ” ” ” He was protecting me. He was protecting me. He was protecting me. He was protecting me. He was He was He was He was very supportive. very supportive. very supportive. very supportive. I couldnI couldnI couldnI couldn’’’’t forget that. t forget that. t forget that. t forget that. He He He He was very compassionate. was very compassionate. was very compassionate. was very compassionate. He always He always He always He always protected his people. protected his people. protected his people. protected his people. But that oneBut that oneBut that oneBut that one

experience is always experience is always experience is always experience is always imprinted in my mind, because it further entrenched my desire to be in imprinted in my mind, because it further entrenched my desire to be in imprinted in my mind, because it further entrenched my desire to be in imprinted in my mind, because it further entrenched my desire to be in the the the the newborn field. newborn field. newborn field. newborn field. In those days, there was no such thing as a neonatologist, just In those days, there was no such thing as a neonatologist, just In those days, there was no such thing as a neonatologist, just In those days, there was no such thing as a neonatologist, just newborn.newborn.newborn.newborn.

DR. GARTNER: What year was this that you started?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: 1959.1959.1959.1959.

DR. GARTNER: 1959, you started at Michael Reese?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. ThereThereThereThere’’’’s just one more person that I need to mention, actually a nurse. s just one more person that I need to mention, actually a nurse. s just one more person that I need to mention, actually a nurse. s just one more person that I need to mention, actually a nurse. People People People People ask me about why I went into neonatology. I say, ask me about why I went into neonatology. I say, ask me about why I went into neonatology. I say, ask me about why I went into neonatology. I say, ““““ItItItIt’’’’s because of a nurse.s because of a nurse.s because of a nurse.s because of a nurse.” ” ” ” They all look at They all look at They all look at They all look at me and say, me and say, me and say, me and say, ““““What do youWhat do youWhat do youWhat do you

7

mean, a nurse?mean, a nurse?mean, a nurse?mean, a nurse?” ” ” ” I say, I say, I say, I say, ““““I had this wonderful nurse. I had this wonderful nurse. I had this wonderful nurse. I had this wonderful nurse. Her name was Her name was Her name was Her name was EvelynEvelynEvelynEvelyn

[C.] Lundeen.[C.] Lundeen.[C.] Lundeen.[C.] Lundeen.” ” ” ” You probably know her.You probably know her.You probably know her.You probably know her.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I know her name well.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She was a marvelous person. She never married. She was a marvelous person. She never married. She was a marvelous person. She never married. She was a marvelous person. She never married. She lived in the nursesShe lived in the nursesShe lived in the nursesShe lived in the nurses’ ’ ’ ’ dorm, and dorm, and dorm, and dorm, and she lived in the nursery, the premature nursery, at Sarah Morris she lived in the nursery, the premature nursery, at Sarah Morris she lived in the nursery, the premature nursery, at Sarah Morris she lived in the nursery, the premature nursery, at Sarah Morris Hospital [for Children] at Hospital [for Children] at Hospital [for Children] at Hospital [for Children] at Michael Reese, the fifth floor. You know Michael Reese, the fifth floor. You know Michael Reese, the fifth floor. You know Michael Reese, the fifth floor. You know that.that.that.that.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I had two electives during my firstI had two electives during my firstI had two electives during my firstI had two electives during my first---- and secondand secondand secondand second----year residency. year residency. year residency. year residency. I took both I took both I took both I took both electives electives electives electives with her. with her. with her. with her. I just sat there with her, learning how to take care of a I just sat there with her, learning how to take care of a I just sat there with her, learning how to take care of a I just sat there with her, learning how to take care of a preemie. preemie. preemie. preemie. I remember she I remember she I remember she I remember she used to do a lot of things we would call crazy today, used to do a lot of things we would call crazy today, used to do a lot of things we would call crazy today, used to do a lot of things we would call crazy today, but in those days it was a reflection of but in those days it was a reflection of but in those days it was a reflection of but in those days it was a reflection of her devotion to these preemies. her devotion to these preemies. her devotion to these preemies. her devotion to these preemies. You You You You know, she would put whiskey in the milk. know, she would put whiskey in the milk. know, she would put whiskey in the milk. know, she would put whiskey in the milk. In fact, I In fact, I In fact, I In fact, I remember vividly that one remember vividly that one remember vividly that one remember vividly that one of the jokes they told me was that every time I went up to write the of the jokes they told me was that every time I went up to write the of the jokes they told me was that every time I went up to write the of the jokes they told me was that every time I went up to write the order, she order, she order, she order, she would say, would say, would say, would say, ““““Now, walk on this white line to make sure you havenNow, walk on this white line to make sure you havenNow, walk on this white line to make sure you havenNow, walk on this white line to make sure you haven’’’’t cheated and t cheated and t cheated and t cheated and drunk some of the whiskey.drunk some of the whiskey.drunk some of the whiskey.drunk some of the whiskey.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But she would get me to write the whiskey But she would get me to write the whiskey But she would get me to write the whiskey But she would get me to write the whiskey order for adding into their milk. order for adding into their milk. order for adding into their milk. order for adding into their milk. I had two I had two I had two I had two other experiences that I remember. other experiences that I remember. other experiences that I remember. other experiences that I remember. She used to have patients with RDS [respiratory distress She used to have patients with RDS [respiratory distress She used to have patients with RDS [respiratory distress She used to have patients with RDS [respiratory distress syndrome]. syndrome]. syndrome]. syndrome]. They have They have They have They have this pectus excavatum, the chest sunk in. She figured that if she put a this pectus excavatum, the chest sunk in. She figured that if she put a this pectus excavatum, the chest sunk in. She figured that if she put a this pectus excavatum, the chest sunk in. She figured that if she put a safety safety safety safety pin on the chest wall and hung it up in the hole of the incubator, it would help pin on the chest wall and hung it up in the hole of the incubator, it would help pin on the chest wall and hung it up in the hole of the incubator, it would help pin on the chest wall and hung it up in the hole of the incubator, it would help the baby the baby the baby the baby expand the chest wall.expand the chest wall.expand the chest wall.expand the chest wall.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DDDDRRRR.... OOOOHHHH:::: DDDDiiiidddd yyyyoooouuuu sssseeeeeeee tttthhhhaaaatttt sssshhhheeee uuuusssseeeedddd ttttoooo ddddoooo tttthhhhaaaatttt????

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DR. GARTNER: Yes, I remember that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I wish I I wish I I wish I I wish I had taken some pictures of it, because when I talk about it today people laugh had taken some pictures of it, because when I talk about it today people laugh had taken some pictures of it, because when I talk about it today people laugh had taken some pictures of it, because when I talk about it today people laugh at me. at me. at me. at me. She did that for several babies. She did that for several babies. She did that for several babies. She did that for several babies. They all died. They all died. They all died. They all died. It didnIt didnIt didnIt didn’’’’t help, but t help, but t help, but t help, but that was a reflection of that was a reflection of that was a reflection of that was a reflection of her devotion. her devotion. her devotion. her devotion. Then the other thing she did was to go Then the other thing she did was to go Then the other thing she did was to go Then the other thing she did was to go down to the building and grounds down to the building and grounds down to the building and grounds down to the building and grounds department and ask them to build a seesaw to department and ask them to build a seesaw to department and ask them to build a seesaw to department and ask them to build a seesaw to put a baby in. put a baby in. put a baby in. put a baby in. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know how they did it, but t know how they did it, but t know how they did it, but t know how they did it, but they put a little fulcrum, they put a little fulcrum, they put a little fulcrum, they put a little fulcrum, almost like a seesaw, and it ran with battery.almost like a seesaw, and it ran with battery.almost like a seesaw, and it ran with battery.almost like a seesaw, and it ran with battery.

Then they put a Then they put a Then they put a Then they put a baby in there. baby in there. baby in there. baby in there. It was to simulate an iron lung It was to simulate an iron lung It was to simulate an iron lung It was to simulate an iron lung ———— not the iron lung, but not the iron lung, but not the iron lung, but not the iron lung, but allowing allowing allowing allowing the diaphragm to move up and down. the diaphragm to move up and down. the diaphragm to move up and down. the diaphragm to move up and down. It didnIt didnIt didnIt didn’’’’t help, but thatt help, but thatt help, but thatt help, but that’’’’s how it s how it s how it s how it was.was.was.was.

8

DR. GARTNER: They actually made those commercially. Maybe she invented it, because I remember them being commercially made.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She wrote a book with Julius She wrote a book with Julius She wrote a book with Julius She wrote a book with Julius [Hayes] Hess. [Hayes] Hess. [Hayes] Hess. [Hayes] Hess. I missedI missedI missedI missed

Dr. Hess by four years. Dr. Hess by four years. Dr. Hess by four years. Dr. Hess by four years. He passed away He passed away He passed away He passed away in 1955in 1955in 1955in 1955

DR. GARTNER: I was going to ask you about Dr. Hess, because she was

Julius Hess’s nurse.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She She She She was Julius Hesswas Julius Hesswas Julius Hesswas Julius Hess’’’’s nurse, yes. s nurse, yes. s nurse, yes. s nurse, yes. In fact, the first time IIn fact, the first time IIn fact, the first time IIn fact, the first time I

met met met met Bill [William A.] Silverman was when he came to visit with Miss Lundeen and Bill [William A.] Silverman was when he came to visit with Miss Lundeen and Bill [William A.] Silverman was when he came to visit with Miss Lundeen and Bill [William A.] Silverman was when he came to visit with Miss Lundeen and talked talked talked talked about premature nursing. about premature nursing. about premature nursing. about premature nursing. To me, she was the mother of premature nursing. To me, she was the mother of premature nursing. To me, she was the mother of premature nursing. To me, she was the mother of premature nursing. I still use her I still use her I still use her I still use her when I talked about feeding babies. when I talked about feeding babies. when I talked about feeding babies. when I talked about feeding babies. I would say, I would say, I would say, I would say, ““““One cc per One cc per One cc per One cc per 500 grams. 500 grams. 500 grams. 500 grams. For a 1,000For a 1,000For a 1,000For a 1,000----gram gram gram gram baby you should start with 2 ccs and increment by 2 baby you should start with 2 ccs and increment by 2 baby you should start with 2 ccs and increment by 2 baby you should start with 2 ccs and increment by 2 ccs.ccs.ccs.ccs.” ” ” ” They would ask me, They would ask me, They would ask me, They would ask me, ““““WhatWhatWhatWhat’’’’s the s the s the s the basis for that?basis for that?basis for that?basis for that?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, thatWell, thatWell, thatWell, that’’’’s s s s LundeenLundeenLundeenLundeen’’’’s formula. s formula. s formula. s formula. LundeenLundeenLundeenLundeen’’’’s formula is always right.s formula is always right.s formula is always right.s formula is always right.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I wrote a piece, an I wrote a piece, an I wrote a piece, an I wrote a piece, an article about her. article about her. article about her. article about her. I was trying to find it in the Internet today. I was trying to find it in the Internet today. I was trying to find it in the Internet today. I was trying to find it in the Internet today. It It It It was was was was published in one of those neonatology news reviews, and the title was, published in one of those neonatology news reviews, and the title was, published in one of those neonatology news reviews, and the title was, published in one of those neonatology news reviews, and the title was, ““““I I I I Remember Remember Remember Remember Evelyn Lundeen.Evelyn Lundeen.Evelyn Lundeen.Evelyn Lundeen.” ” ” ” I wrote up all of this, itI wrote up all of this, itI wrote up all of this, itI wrote up all of this, it’’’’s in the newsletter for s in the newsletter for s in the newsletter for s in the newsletter for the AAP Section on Perinatal the AAP Section on Perinatal the AAP Section on Perinatal the AAP Section on Perinatal Pediatrics in the 1990s. Pediatrics in the 1990s. Pediatrics in the 1990s. Pediatrics in the 1990s. ItItItIt’’’’s a piece of an s a piece of an s a piece of an s a piece of an article.article.article.article.

DR. GARTNER: I think I remember it, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I still remember she used to tell me as a I still remember she used to tell me as a I still remember she used to tell me as a I still remember she used to tell me as a resident that even when youresident that even when youresident that even when youresident that even when you’’’’re selected, re selected, re selected, re selected, you will get called only three times. you will get called only three times. you will get called only three times. you will get called only three times. When the baby gets admitted, she needs a physical. When the baby gets admitted, she needs a physical. When the baby gets admitted, she needs a physical. When the baby gets admitted, she needs a physical. When When When When the baby dies, she the baby dies, she the baby dies, she the baby dies, she needs someone to write a death certificate. needs someone to write a death certificate. needs someone to write a death certificate. needs someone to write a death certificate. And when the baby does not And when the baby does not And when the baby does not And when the baby does not poo, poo, poo, poo, because she needs a barium enema order. because she needs a barium enema order. because she needs a barium enema order. because she needs a barium enema order. [Laughter] Everything else, she does. [Laughter] Everything else, she does. [Laughter] Everything else, she does. [Laughter] Everything else, she does. She was She was She was She was amazing. amazing. amazing. amazing. Every time I came up to write a death certificate, she would Every time I came up to write a death certificate, she would Every time I came up to write a death certificate, she would Every time I came up to write a death certificate, she would say, say, say, say, ““““Dr. Oh, you must Dr. Oh, you must Dr. Oh, you must Dr. Oh, you must go into research and find out what to do to save these go into research and find out what to do to save these go into research and find out what to do to save these go into research and find out what to do to save these babies. babies. babies. babies. They all die on us.They all die on us.They all die on us.They all die on us.” ” ” ” Because in Because in Because in Because in the 1950s, you know, the mortality rate the 1950s, you know, the mortality rate the 1950s, you know, the mortality rate the 1950s, you know, the mortality rate for premature babies under 1,000 grams was 95 for premature babies under 1,000 grams was 95 for premature babies under 1,000 grams was 95 for premature babies under 1,000 grams was 95 percent.percent.percent.percent.

None None None None survived. survived. survived. survived. So she used to tell me that. So she used to tell me that. So she used to tell me that. So she used to tell me that. And that really was the inspiration and And that really was the inspiration and And that really was the inspiration and And that really was the inspiration and the the the the stimulus that made me go into research.stimulus that made me go into research.stimulus that made me go into research.stimulus that made me go into research.

DR. GARTNER: So that also came from Lundeen.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: From From From From Lundeen, yes.Lundeen, yes.Lundeen, yes.Lundeen, yes.

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DR. GARTNER: Had you not thought of research before?

9

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No. No. No. No. Well, I wrote a thesis when I was an intern, a rotating intern at Milwaukee. Well, I wrote a thesis when I was an intern, a rotating intern at Milwaukee. Well, I wrote a thesis when I was an intern, a rotating intern at Milwaukee. Well, I wrote a thesis when I was an intern, a rotating intern at Milwaukee. They They They They required one publication as a rotating intern, so I remember I wrote a required one publication as a rotating intern, so I remember I wrote a required one publication as a rotating intern, so I remember I wrote a required one publication as a rotating intern, so I remember I wrote a review on dialysis and review on dialysis and review on dialysis and review on dialysis and renal failure. renal failure. renal failure. renal failure. It never got published anywhere. It never got published anywhere. It never got published anywhere. It never got published anywhere. I just I just I just I just submitted it to fulfill my internship submitted it to fulfill my internship submitted it to fulfill my internship submitted it to fulfill my internship requirements.requirements.requirements.requirements.

Anyway, Anyway, Anyway, Anyway, that was at the same time that Jack Metcoff was chairman. that was at the same time that Jack Metcoff was chairman. that was at the same time that Jack Metcoff was chairman. that was at the same time that Jack Metcoff was chairman. He had a lab across He had a lab across He had a lab across He had a lab across the the the the street. street. street. street. I still remember vividly that every afternoon heI still remember vividly that every afternoon heI still remember vividly that every afternoon heI still remember vividly that every afternoon he

would be in the lab. would be in the lab. would be in the lab. would be in the lab. I mean, he was very devoted. I mean, he was very devoted. I mean, he was very devoted. I mean, he was very devoted. So when he found So when he found So when he found So when he found out that I wanted to go to out that I wanted to go to out that I wanted to go to out that I wanted to go to into research, he said, into research, he said, into research, he said, into research, he said, ““““Well, spend a year with me Well, spend a year with me Well, spend a year with me Well, spend a year with me first to learn all the basic methodology.first to learn all the basic methodology.first to learn all the basic methodology.first to learn all the basic methodology.” ” ” ” There was no such thing as a There was no such thing as a There was no such thing as a There was no such thing as a neonatology fellowship in those days. He said, neonatology fellowship in those days. He said, neonatology fellowship in those days. He said, neonatology fellowship in those days. He said, ““““Spend a year Spend a year Spend a year Spend a year with me. with me. with me. with me. Go to the Go to the Go to the Go to the lab. lab. lab. lab. IIII’’’’ll teach you how to do various things.ll teach you how to do various things.ll teach you how to do various things.ll teach you how to do various things.” ” ” ” You know, pipetting and You know, pipetting and You know, pipetting and You know, pipetting and weighing chemicals, running the VanSlyke. weighing chemicals, running the VanSlyke. weighing chemicals, running the VanSlyke. weighing chemicals, running the VanSlyke. I remember, this is one story that I I remember, this is one story that I I remember, this is one story that I I remember, this is one story that I must tell, the must tell, the must tell, the must tell, the VanSlyke story.VanSlyke story.VanSlyke story.VanSlyke story.

DR. GARTNER: Okay.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He had an old VanSlyke with mercury that He had an old VanSlyke with mercury that He had an old VanSlyke with mercury that He had an old VanSlyke with mercury that runs COruns COruns COruns CO2

2 2

2 [carbon dioxide], and it was so [carbon dioxide], and it was so [carbon dioxide], and it was so [carbon dioxide], and it was so clumsy in those clumsy in those clumsy in those clumsy in those days. days. days. days. You know. You know. You know. You know. You pushed it.You pushed it.You pushed it.You pushed it.

DR. GARTNER: I never ran a VanSlyke.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I tried to run it, and I I tried to run it, and I I tried to run it, and I I tried to run it, and I spilled mercury on the floor.spilled mercury on the floor.spilled mercury on the floor.spilled mercury on the floor.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, dear.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Try to catch all that mercury on the floor!Try to catch all that mercury on the floor!Try to catch all that mercury on the floor!Try to catch all that mercury on the floor!


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Today I Today I Today I Today I would have been in deep, deep trouble.would have been in deep, deep trouble.would have been in deep, deep trouble.would have been in deep, deep trouble.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Because thatBecause thatBecause thatBecause that’’’’s a nos a nos a nos a no----no. no. no. no. But trying to But trying to But trying to But trying to pick up all this running mercury, I could forget pick up all this running mercury, I could forget pick up all this running mercury, I could forget pick up all this running mercury, I could forget that. that. that. that. And learning how to And learning how to And learning how to And learning how to weigh chemicals, to run the standard. weigh chemicals, to run the standard. weigh chemicals, to run the standard. weigh chemicals, to run the standard. He would be standing behind He would be standing behind He would be standing behind He would be standing behind me, watching me, watching me, watching me, watching me and making sure that what I did was right. me and making sure that what I did was right. me and making sure that what I did was right. me and making sure that what I did was right. He was a very, very disciplined He was a very, very disciplined He was a very, very disciplined He was a very, very disciplined person. person. person. person. He was a perfectionist. He was a perfectionist. He was a perfectionist. He was a perfectionist. He wanted everything done right. He wanted everything done right. He wanted everything done right. He wanted everything done right. So I spent a So I spent a So I spent a So I spent a year with him. year with him. year with him. year with him. The only thing I did that one year was to publish my first The only thing I did that one year was to publish my first The only thing I did that one year was to publish my first The only thing I did that one year was to publish my first paper.paper.paper.paper.

DR. GARTNER: What was it?

10

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: The developmental changes of body water distribution in The developmental changes of body water distribution in The developmental changes of body water distribution in The developmental changes of body water distribution in rats. rats. rats. rats. I had to sacrifice rat I had to sacrifice rat I had to sacrifice rat I had to sacrifice rat pups on E18, E19, E20, newborn, 5pups on E18, E19, E20, newborn, 5pups on E18, E19, E20, newborn, 5pups on E18, E19, E20, newborn, 5----day, day, day, day, 10101010----day,day,day,day,

12121212----day, et cetera. day, et cetera. day, et cetera. day, et cetera. I, essentially, established the I, essentially, established the I, essentially, established the I, essentially, established the body fluid changes throughout the gestation, body fluid changes throughout the gestation, body fluid changes throughout the gestation, body fluid changes throughout the gestation, and that was published in and that was published in and that was published in and that was published in Biology of the Neonate Biology of the Neonate Biology of the Neonate Biology of the Neonate [now [now [now [now NeonatologyNeonatologyNeonatologyNeonatology] in 1965 [Oh W, Stewart ] in 1965 [Oh W, Stewart ] in 1965 [Oh W, Stewart ] in 1965 [Oh W, Stewart L, L, L, L, Baens GS, Metcoff J. Body composition and renal adaptation in the newborn rat. Baens GS, Metcoff J. Body composition and renal adaptation in the newborn rat. Baens GS, Metcoff J. Body composition and renal adaptation in the newborn rat. Baens GS, Metcoff J. Body composition and renal adaptation in the newborn rat. Biol Biol Biol Biol

NeonatNeonatNeonatNeonat....

1111999955556666;;;;8888((((2222))))::::66665555----88880000]]]].... TTTThhhhaaaatttt wwwwaaaassss mmmmyyyy ffffiiiirrrrsssstttt ppppaaaappppeeeerrrr....

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DR. GARTNER: Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He found out that I really wanted to do research and really wanted to be in He found out that I really wanted to do research and really wanted to be in He found out that I really wanted to do research and really wanted to be in He found out that I really wanted to do research and really wanted to be in the the the the newborn field. newborn field. newborn field. newborn field. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““You know, you need to take a twoYou know, you need to take a twoYou know, you need to take a twoYou know, you need to take a two----year fellowship year fellowship year fellowship year fellowship in this field.in this field.in this field.in this field.” ” ” ” And And And And I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, thereWell, thereWell, thereWell, there’’’’s no such thing here in America.s no such thing here in America.s no such thing here in America.s no such thing here in America.” ” ” ” There was no fellowship in neonatology There was no fellowship in neonatology There was no fellowship in neonatology There was no fellowship in neonatology in the 1960s. You must be about the same in the 1960s. You must be about the same in the 1960s. You must be about the same in the 1960s. You must be about the same time.time.time.time.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, yes. No, there wasn’t any fellowship.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So he said, So he said, So he said, So he said, ““““Why donWhy donWhy donWhy don’’’’t t t t you go to Stockholm or Paris.you go to Stockholm or Paris.you go to Stockholm or Paris.you go to Stockholm or Paris.” ” ” ” He had two very close friends He had two very close friends He had two very close friends He had two very close friends in Europe, Alex in Europe, Alex in Europe, Alex in Europe, Alex [Alexandre] Minkowski and John [Johnny] Lind. [Alexandre] Minkowski and John [Johnny] Lind. [Alexandre] Minkowski and John [Johnny] Lind. [Alexandre] Minkowski and John [Johnny] Lind. You probably know who they You probably know who they You probably know who they You probably know who they are.are.are.are.

DR. GARTNER: I’ve met both of them.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re very close friends, because theyre very close friends, because theyre very close friends, because theyre very close friends, because they’’’’re both really art re both really art re both really art re both really art lovers, Johnny and Alex. lovers, Johnny and Alex. lovers, Johnny and Alex. lovers, Johnny and Alex. They both love art, and they have a lot in common, They both love art, and they have a lot in common, They both love art, and they have a lot in common, They both love art, and they have a lot in common, going to museums, et cetera. going to museums, et cetera. going to museums, et cetera. going to museums, et cetera. They became They became They became They became very good friends. very good friends. very good friends. very good friends. And so he said, And so he said, And so he said, And so he said, ““““If you want to go to one of those two places, I can support If you want to go to one of those two places, I can support If you want to go to one of those two places, I can support If you want to go to one of those two places, I can support you.you.you.you.

$300 $300 $300 $300 a month for two years. a month for two years. a month for two years. a month for two years. IIII’’’’ll send you there with airfare, plus Maryll send you there with airfare, plus Maryll send you there with airfare, plus Maryll send you there with airfare, plus Mary’’’’s airfare.s airfare.s airfare.s airfare.” ” ” ” I thought I thought I thought I thought that was an offer you canthat was an offer you canthat was an offer you canthat was an offer you can’’’’t refuse. t refuse. t refuse. t refuse. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““But only on one But only on one But only on one But only on one condition.condition.condition.condition.” ” ” ” And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““What is What is What is What is that?that?that?that?” ” ” ” And he said, And he said, And he said, And he said, ““““Well, you will have to Well, you will have to Well, you will have to Well, you will have to come back and run my nursery.come back and run my nursery.come back and run my nursery.come back and run my nursery.””””


DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So I said, So I said, So I said, So I said, ““““Sure. Sure. Sure. Sure. Of course. Of course. Of course. Of course. You know thatYou know thatYou know thatYou know that’’’’s not a s not a s not a s not a bond, itbond, itbond, itbond, it’’’’s good for me.s good for me.s good for me.s good for me.” ” ” ” So I went So I went So I went So I went home and told Mary, and I asked, home and told Mary, and I asked, home and told Mary, and I asked, home and told Mary, and I asked, ““““Where do Where do Where do Where do you want to go, Paris or Stockholm?you want to go, Paris or Stockholm?you want to go, Paris or Stockholm?you want to go, Paris or Stockholm?””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’ll tell you the story behind this. ll tell you the story behind this. ll tell you the story behind this. ll tell you the story behind this. She She She She said, said, said, said, ““““Paris is so expensive, and we donParis is so expensive, and we donParis is so expensive, and we donParis is so expensive, and we don’’’’t know t know t know t know the language. the language. the language. the language. If it makes If it makes If it makes If it makes little difference tolittle difference tolittle difference tolittle difference to

you in terms of your career, letyou in terms of your career, letyou in terms of your career, letyou in terms of your career, let’’’’s go to s go to s go to s go to Stockholm.Stockholm.Stockholm.Stockholm.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Stockholm? Stockholm? Stockholm? Stockholm? You donYou donYou donYou don’’’’t know t know t know t know Swedish, either.Swedish, either.Swedish, either.Swedish, either.” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““But most people in Sweden speak English.But most people in Sweden speak English.But most people in Sweden speak English.But most people in Sweden speak English.” ” ” ” So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s how I ended s how I ended s how I ended s how I ended up in up in up in up in Stockholm for my fellowship for twoStockholm for my fellowship for twoStockholm for my fellowship for twoStockholm for my fellowship for two

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years years years years with Johnny. That was also a very, very nice experience. with Johnny. That was also a very, very nice experience. with Johnny. That was also a very, very nice experience. with Johnny. That was also a very, very nice experience. I wrote an article. I wrote an article. I wrote an article. I wrote an article. I I I I have it have it have it have it with me. with me. with me. with me. It was just published last month. [Historical Perspectives It was just published last month. [Historical Perspectives It was just published last month. [Historical Perspectives It was just published last month. [Historical Perspectives Perinatal Profiles: Perinatal Profiles: Perinatal Profiles: Perinatal Profiles: Professor John (Johnny) Lind, Neonatology Pioneer Professor John (Johnny) Lind, Neonatology Pioneer Professor John (Johnny) Lind, Neonatology Pioneer Professor John (Johnny) Lind, Neonatology Pioneer NeoReviews NeoReviews NeoReviews NeoReviews Vol.9 No.7 2008 e279 Vol.9 No.7 2008 e279 Vol.9 No.7 2008 e279 Vol.9 No.7 2008 e279 © © © © 2008 American Academy of 2008 American Academy of 2008 American Academy of 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics]Pediatrics]Pediatrics]Pediatrics]

DR. GARTNER: Oh, really?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Alistair [G. S.] Philip asked me to write an article on all these Alistair [G. S.] Philip asked me to write an article on all these Alistair [G. S.] Philip asked me to write an article on all these Alistair [G. S.] Philip asked me to write an article on all these pioneers, so he asked pioneers, so he asked pioneers, so he asked pioneers, so he asked me to write about Johnny. me to write about Johnny. me to write about Johnny. me to write about Johnny. I have it with me.I have it with me.I have it with me.I have it with me.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, great.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’ll give ll give ll give ll give it to you later.it to you later.it to you later.it to you later.

DR. GARTNER: Sure, I’d love to read it.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I describe him as a scientist, an art I describe him as a scientist, an art I describe him as a scientist, an art I describe him as a scientist, an art lover and a man, et cetera. lover and a man, et cetera. lover and a man, et cetera. lover and a man, et cetera. He was a wonderful He was a wonderful He was a wonderful He was a wonderful person.person.person.person.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The funny thing is, I went The funny thing is, I went The funny thing is, I went The funny thing is, I went to Stockholm with Mary, arriving in July, July 1, and he to Stockholm with Mary, arriving in July, July 1, and he to Stockholm with Mary, arriving in July, July 1, and he to Stockholm with Mary, arriving in July, July 1, and he promptly had a heart promptly had a heart promptly had a heart promptly had a heart attack, Johnny. [Laughs] So there I was, ready to go, and I found out he attack, Johnny. [Laughs] So there I was, ready to go, and I found out he attack, Johnny. [Laughs] So there I was, ready to go, and I found out he attack, Johnny. [Laughs] So there I was, ready to go, and I found out he was in was in was in was in the hospital. In those days, myocardial infarct meant six weeks in the hospital. the hospital. In those days, myocardial infarct meant six weeks in the hospital. the hospital. In those days, myocardial infarct meant six weeks in the hospital. the hospital. In those days, myocardial infarct meant six weeks in the hospital. So for So for So for So for six weeks, he was there, and there I was alone. six weeks, he was there, and there I was alone. six weeks, he was there, and there I was alone. six weeks, he was there, and there I was alone. You know, nobody to go You know, nobody to go You know, nobody to go You know, nobody to go to. to. to. to. And he would ask And he would ask And he would ask And he would ask me to come in to the hospital, to the bedside, and talk me to come in to the hospital, to the bedside, and talk me to come in to the hospital, to the bedside, and talk me to come in to the hospital, to the bedside, and talk about the project once he recovered. about the project once he recovered. about the project once he recovered. about the project once he recovered. So So So So two, three times a week Itwo, three times a week Itwo, three times a week Itwo, three times a week I’’’’d go visit d go visit d go visit d go visit him.him.him.him.

DR. GARTNER: Did he have an established neonatology fellowship at that time?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, I followed Bob Yes, I followed Bob Yes, I followed Bob Yes, I followed Bob [Robert H.] Usher. [Robert H.] Usher. [Robert H.] Usher. [Robert H.] Usher. Bob and Leo Stern. Bob and Leo Stern. Bob and Leo Stern. Bob and Leo Stern. They were all there. They were all there. They were all there. They were all there. Millie [Mildred Millie [Mildred Millie [Mildred Millie [Mildred T.] Stahlman was his first fellow. I donT.] Stahlman was his first fellow. I donT.] Stahlman was his first fellow. I donT.] Stahlman was his first fellow. I don’’’’t know if shet know if shet know if shet know if she’’’’s on the list or s on the list or s on the list or s on the list or not.not.not.not.

DR. GARTNER: Millie’s already been interviewed, yes, some years ago.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She was number one, and She was number one, and She was number one, and She was number one, and then Bob Usher came.then Bob Usher came.then Bob Usher came.then Bob Usher came.

DR. GARTNER: We’ve interviewed Bob Usher also.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Leo Stern, and then me. Leo Stern, and then me. Leo Stern, and then me. Leo Stern, and then me. No, I No, I No, I No, I came right after Bob. Leo was there first. came right after Bob. Leo was there first. came right after Bob. Leo was there first. came right after Bob. Leo was there first. Leo was only Leo was only Leo was only Leo was only there for about six there for about six there for about six there for about six months or a year. months or a year. months or a year. months or a year. HeHeHeHe

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was a short stay. was a short stay. was a short stay. was a short stay. And there was a small, essentially, a cardiopulmonary lab. He was doing And there was a small, essentially, a cardiopulmonary lab. He was doing And there was a small, essentially, a cardiopulmonary lab. He was doing And there was a small, essentially, a cardiopulmonary lab. He was doing blood blood blood blood volume in newborns.volume in newborns.volume in newborns.volume in newborns.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I remember that. I remember that paper.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I picked up the So I picked up the So I picked up the So I picked up the project and ran with it. project and ran with it. project and ran with it. project and ran with it. But you will read in the article, Johnny was But you will read in the article, Johnny was But you will read in the article, Johnny was But you will read in the article, Johnny was a very a very a very a very inspiring person. inspiring person. inspiring person. inspiring person. He made you think. Bob has one anecdote in the paper. He made you think. Bob has one anecdote in the paper. He made you think. Bob has one anecdote in the paper. He made you think. Bob has one anecdote in the paper. One One One One day he day he day he day he came out of the hospital, and it was a fall day, like this, so he came to came out of the hospital, and it was a fall day, like this, so he came to came out of the hospital, and it was a fall day, like this, so he came to came out of the hospital, and it was a fall day, like this, so he came to the hospital. the hospital. the hospital. the hospital. He walked He walked He walked He walked into the formula room and grabbed a Findus [now owned into the formula room and grabbed a Findus [now owned into the formula room and grabbed a Findus [now owned into the formula room and grabbed a Findus [now owned by Nestle], the baby food, with a by Nestle], the baby food, with a by Nestle], the baby food, with a by Nestle], the baby food, with a couple of teaspoons. couple of teaspoons. couple of teaspoons. couple of teaspoons. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Come on, Bill, Come on, Bill, Come on, Bill, Come on, Bill, letletletlet’’’’s BS.s BS.s BS.s BS.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Johnny, what are you talking Johnny, what are you talking Johnny, what are you talking Johnny, what are you talking about?about?about?about?” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s s s s brainstorm.brainstorm.brainstorm.brainstorm.” ” ” ” I said I said I said I said ““““Oh, okay, letOh, okay, letOh, okay, letOh, okay, let’’’’s go.s go.s go.s go.” ” ” ” So at lunchtime we had baby So at lunchtime we had baby So at lunchtime we had baby So at lunchtime we had baby food food food food sitting on the doorstep of this hospital, and we talked about the project. sitting on the doorstep of this hospital, and we talked about the project. sitting on the doorstep of this hospital, and we talked about the project. sitting on the doorstep of this hospital, and we talked about the project. ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s s s s brainstorm,brainstorm,brainstorm,brainstorm,” ” ” ” he said. he said. he said. he said. ““““What do you think happens to the umbilical cord What do you think happens to the umbilical cord What do you think happens to the umbilical cord What do you think happens to the umbilical cord when the baby is when the baby is when the baby is when the baby is born?born?born?born?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““I donI donI donI don’’’’t know. It collapses? t know. It collapses? t know. It collapses? t know. It collapses? I guess the I guess the I guess the I guess the vessels collapse, and you just cut them, vessels collapse, and you just cut them, vessels collapse, and you just cut them, vessels collapse, and you just cut them, right?right?right?right?” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““No, no, no, no, no. No, no, no, no, no. No, no, no, no, no. No, no, no, no, no. Think about it. Think about it. Think about it. Think about it. Why is it that the vessels collapse?Why is it that the vessels collapse?Why is it that the vessels collapse?Why is it that the vessels collapse?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, I guess Well, I guess Well, I guess Well, I guess they constrict because the oxygen tension goes up. they constrict because the oxygen tension goes up. they constrict because the oxygen tension goes up. they constrict because the oxygen tension goes up. The baby breathes.The baby breathes.The baby breathes.The baby breathes.” ” ” ” He He He He said, said, said, said, ““““No, that means that the constriction only occurs when the baby breathes No, that means that the constriction only occurs when the baby breathes No, that means that the constriction only occurs when the baby breathes No, that means that the constriction only occurs when the baby breathes and cries?and cries?and cries?and cries?” ” ” ” I I I I said, said, said, said, ““““I guess so.I guess so.I guess so.I guess so.” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““You want to prove it?You want to prove it?You want to prove it?You want to prove it?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““I I I I guess we have to go and watch guess we have to go and watch guess we have to go and watch guess we have to go and watch the birth.the birth.the birth.the birth.” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s do it.s do it.s do it.s do it.””””

And And And And the next day, he got the media people to come in with a cameraman, and we went the next day, he got the media people to come in with a cameraman, and we went the next day, he got the media people to come in with a cameraman, and we went the next day, he got the media people to come in with a cameraman, and we went into a into a into a into a labor suite. labor suite. labor suite. labor suite. When a fullWhen a fullWhen a fullWhen a full----term baby was born, he had this camera and took term baby was born, he had this camera and took term baby was born, he had this camera and took term baby was born, he had this camera and took a movie camera a movie camera a movie camera a movie camera picture of the umbilical cord, and youpicture of the umbilical cord, and youpicture of the umbilical cord, and youpicture of the umbilical cord, and you

could see could see could see could see the circulatory constriction of the umbilical artery when the baby cried and the circulatory constriction of the umbilical artery when the baby cried and the circulatory constriction of the umbilical artery when the baby cried and the circulatory constriction of the umbilical artery when the baby cried and breathed.breathed.breathed.breathed.

DR. GARTNER: Hmm.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s amazing. s amazing. s amazing. s amazing. You canYou canYou canYou can’’’’t publish those things, but thatt publish those things, but thatt publish those things, but thatt publish those things, but that’’’’s how he s how he s how he s how he stimulated you to stimulated you to stimulated you to stimulated you to think. He was a great person. think. He was a great person. think. He was a great person. think. He was a great person. I must have written about 16 I must have written about 16 I must have written about 16 I must have written about 16 papers with him in that twopapers with him in that twopapers with him in that twopapers with him in that two----year year year year period. period. period. period. I was in the lab, in the nursery, in I was in the lab, in the nursery, in I was in the lab, in the nursery, in I was in the lab, in the nursery, in the lab all the time. the lab all the time. the lab all the time. the lab all the time. In those days, you didnIn those days, you didnIn those days, you didnIn those days, you didn’’’’t have t have t have t have computers. You had to computers. You had to computers. You had to computers. You had to enter everything in a calculator. enter everything in a calculator. enter everything in a calculator. enter everything in a calculator. Remember those days?Remember those days?Remember those days?Remember those days?

DR. GARTNER: Oh, I do indeed. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He He He He bought me an Olivetti calculator. bought me an Olivetti calculator. bought me an Olivetti calculator. bought me an Olivetti calculator. It was an improvement. It was an improvement. It was an improvement. It was an improvement. All you had to do was All you had to do was All you had to do was All you had to do was punch in numbers, and you clicked it, and all the mean, and standard deviation punch in numbers, and you clicked it, and all the mean, and standard deviation punch in numbers, and you clicked it, and all the mean, and standard deviation punch in numbers, and you clicked it, and all the mean, and standard deviation and standard and standard and standard and standard errors all came out. You didnerrors all came out. You didnerrors all came out. You didnerrors all came out. You didn’’’’t have to sum them, and divide them t have to sum them, and divide them t have to sum them, and divide them t have to sum them, and divide them and use a formula. and use a formula. and use a formula. and use a formula. But that But that But that But that was very interesting, and he was very was very interesting, and he was very was very interesting, and he was very was very interesting, and he was very stimulating.stimulating.stimulating.stimulating.

DR. GARTNER: Were all of these papers and all the work you did there on cardiovascular types of work?

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Mostly blood volume. Mostly blood volume. Mostly blood volume. Mostly blood volume. I wrote seven or eight articles I wrote seven or eight articles I wrote seven or eight articles I wrote seven or eight articles during this twoduring this twoduring this twoduring this two----year period, and year period, and year period, and year period, and I went back twice to write four or five more I went back twice to write four or five more I went back twice to write four or five more I went back twice to write four or five more with him. with him. with him. with him. He was such a great guy to work with. He was such a great guy to work with. He was such a great guy to work with. He was such a great guy to work with. But at the price of my But at the price of my But at the price of my But at the price of my Stockholm visit, I didnStockholm visit, I didnStockholm visit, I didnStockholm visit, I didn’’’’t see Stockholm for two years. t see Stockholm for two years. t see Stockholm for two years. t see Stockholm for two years. I was in the lab I was in the lab I was in the lab I was in the lab all the all the all the all the time. time. time. time. I went to work at 7:00 in the morning and came home at 5:00 p.m. Even on I went to work at 7:00 in the morning and came home at 5:00 p.m. Even on I went to work at 7:00 in the morning and came home at 5:00 p.m. Even on I went to work at 7:00 in the morning and came home at 5:00 p.m. Even on weekends I was working like that. weekends I was working like that. weekends I was working like that. weekends I was working like that. In fact, two days before we left town, coming In fact, two days before we left town, coming In fact, two days before we left town, coming In fact, two days before we left town, coming back to the back to the back to the back to the United States, he said, United States, he said, United States, he said, United States, he said, ““““You know, you havenYou know, you havenYou know, you havenYou know, you haven’’’’tttt

seen seen seen seen Stockholm, yet.Stockholm, yet.Stockholm, yet.Stockholm, yet.” ” ” ” [[[[Laughter] So for two days we made a tour of all the nice Laughter] So for two days we made a tour of all the nice Laughter] So for two days we made a tour of all the nice Laughter] So for two days we made a tour of all the nice places that places that places that places that you have to see.you have to see.you have to see.you have to see.

DR. GARTNER: What did Mary do in Stockholm during that time?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Actually, Johnny found a job for her. Actually, Johnny found a job for her. Actually, Johnny found a job for her. Actually, Johnny found a job for her. She was my classmate. She was my classmate. She was my classmate. She was my classmate. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t talk t talk t talk t talk about her.about her.about her.about her.

DR. GARTNER: No, no, we have to talk about Mary. You have to tell me more.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We went to We went to We went to We went to school together. school together. school together. school together. We were in the same class.We were in the same class.We were in the same class.We were in the same class.

DR. GARTNER: In the Philippines?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In the Philippines. In the Philippines. In the Philippines. In the Philippines. In In In In that Catholic school, the girls and the boys that Catholic school, the girls and the boys that Catholic school, the girls and the boys that Catholic school, the girls and the boys ———— they didnthey didnthey didnthey didn’’’’t even t even t even t even call them women call them women call them women call them women and men, it was boys and girlsand men, it was boys and girlsand men, it was boys and girlsand men, it was boys and girls

———— were separate classes. were separate classes. were separate classes. were separate classes. We We We We didndidndidndidn’’’’t mix, so I was in one section and she was in the other t mix, so I was in one section and she was in the other t mix, so I was in one section and she was in the other t mix, so I was in one section and she was in the other section. section. section. section. The only The only The only The only time we saw each other was when we went up the stairs to go to the time we saw each other was when we went up the stairs to go to the time we saw each other was when we went up the stairs to go to the time we saw each other was when we went up the stairs to go to the classroom, classroom, classroom, classroom, the girls on the one side, the boys on onethe girls on the one side, the boys on onethe girls on the one side, the boys on onethe girls on the one side, the boys on one

side. side. side. side. The stairs The stairs The stairs The stairs crisscrossed so we got to say hello on the stairs on the way up to the crisscrossed so we got to say hello on the stairs on the way up to the crisscrossed so we got to say hello on the stairs on the way up to the crisscrossed so we got to say hello on the stairs on the way up to the classroom.classroom.classroom.classroom.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was, essentially, love at first sight. It was, essentially, love at first sight. It was, essentially, love at first sight. It was, essentially, love at first sight. When I saw her, IWhen I saw her, IWhen I saw her, IWhen I saw her, I

said, said, said, said, ““““This is it.This is it.This is it.This is it.””””

DR. GARTNER: But you hadn’t even spoken to her.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, not a word. No, not a word. No, not a word. No, not a word. When When When When I talk about this, she gets mad at me, but II talk about this, she gets mad at me, but II talk about this, she gets mad at me, but II talk about this, she gets mad at me, but I’’’’ll say it. ll say it. ll say it. ll say it. I can edit it I can edit it I can edit it I can edit it out out out out later. later. later. later. I remember I was in microbiology class. I remember I was in microbiology class. I remember I was in microbiology class. I remember I was in microbiology class. It was a huge class where It was a huge class where It was a huge class where It was a huge class where everybody was everybody was everybody was everybody was combined. combined. combined. combined. I was looking at some cystology in the microscopic, and I was looking at some cystology in the microscopic, and I was looking at some cystology in the microscopic, and I was looking at some cystology in the microscopic, and I looked up, and it was I looked up, and it was I looked up, and it was I looked up, and it was Mary standing there. Mary standing there. Mary standing there. Mary standing there. I thought, I thought, I thought, I thought, ““““Aahh.Aahh.Aahh.Aahh.””””


14

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That was it. That was it. That was it. That was it. I tried to date her. I tried to date her. I tried to date her. I tried to date her. In those days, in theIn those days, in theIn those days, in theIn those days, in the

1950s, 1950s, 1950s, 1950s, particularly in the Philippines, and I think here as well, it was very particularly in the Philippines, and I think here as well, it was very particularly in the Philippines, and I think here as well, it was very particularly in the Philippines, and I think here as well, it was very conservative. conservative. conservative. conservative. You You You You didndidndidndidn’’’’t go out very often alone. t go out very often alone. t go out very often alone. t go out very often alone. You had to have a You had to have a You had to have a You had to have a ————

DR. GARTNER: Chaperone.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: A chaperone. A chaperone. A chaperone. A chaperone. She was one of only two daughters, so her father really wanted She was one of only two daughters, so her father really wanted She was one of only two daughters, so her father really wanted She was one of only two daughters, so her father really wanted her to her to her to her to marry someone who was a single child or notmarry someone who was a single child or notmarry someone who was a single child or notmarry someone who was a single child or not

from a big from a big from a big from a big family. family. family. family. I came from ten siblings. When I called her to make a date, her father I came from ten siblings. When I called her to make a date, her father I came from ten siblings. When I called her to make a date, her father I came from ten siblings. When I called her to make a date, her father was was was was retired by then, so he always picked up the phone, and I would ask for Mary. retired by then, so he always picked up the phone, and I would ask for Mary. retired by then, so he always picked up the phone, and I would ask for Mary. retired by then, so he always picked up the phone, and I would ask for Mary. After a while, I After a while, I After a while, I After a while, I figured that maybe if he knew it was me calling, he may not figured that maybe if he knew it was me calling, he may not figured that maybe if he knew it was me calling, he may not figured that maybe if he knew it was me calling, he may not want me to talk to her. want me to talk to her. want me to talk to her. want me to talk to her. So at one So at one So at one So at one point I even put a handkerchief to cover the point I even put a handkerchief to cover the point I even put a handkerchief to cover the point I even put a handkerchief to cover the speaker phone to mask my voice. speaker phone to mask my voice. speaker phone to mask my voice. speaker phone to mask my voice. But I tell you, But I tell you, But I tell you, But I tell you, he recognized me right away, he recognized me right away, he recognized me right away, he recognized me right away, and when I said, and when I said, and when I said, and when I said, ““““Hello,Hello,Hello,Hello,” ” ” ” he would say, he would say, he would say, he would say, ““““YouYouYouYou

want to talk to want to talk to want to talk to want to talk to Mary?Mary?Mary?Mary?””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Even with the hankie on the speaker phone. Even with the hankie on the speaker phone. Even with the hankie on the speaker phone. Even with the hankie on the speaker phone. But heBut heBut heBut he

liked liked liked liked me a lot, my fatherme a lot, my fatherme a lot, my fatherme a lot, my father----inininin----law. law. law. law. We got married in Chicago, actually. When we We got married in Chicago, actually. When we We got married in Chicago, actually. When we We got married in Chicago, actually. When we graduated and graduated and graduated and graduated and came to the United States, we came together, not in the same came to the United States, we came together, not in the same came to the United States, we came together, not in the same came to the United States, we came together, not in the same plane, but at the same time. plane, but at the same time. plane, but at the same time. plane, but at the same time. She She She She ended up taking a residency at Mercy Hospital ended up taking a residency at Mercy Hospital ended up taking a residency at Mercy Hospital ended up taking a residency at Mercy Hospital [and Medical Center] in Chicago, and then I [and Medical Center] in Chicago, and then I [and Medical Center] in Chicago, and then I [and Medical Center] in Chicago, and then I went to Milwaukee, so we were went to Milwaukee, so we were went to Milwaukee, so we were went to Milwaukee, so we were separated for a year. separated for a year. separated for a year. separated for a year. But we were engaged before we came, But we were engaged before we came, But we were engaged before we came, But we were engaged before we came, because my because my because my because my fatherfatherfatherfather----inininin----law said, law said, law said, law said, ““““No way are you going to go together unless you are No way are you going to go together unless you are No way are you going to go together unless you are No way are you going to go together unless you are engaged.engaged.engaged.engaged.” ” ” ” So we had to have an engagement party. So we had to have an engagement party. So we had to have an engagement party. So we had to have an engagement party. There are a lot of funny There are a lot of funny There are a lot of funny There are a lot of funny stories about stories about stories about stories about those things, about the engagement party. those things, about the engagement party. those things, about the engagement party. those things, about the engagement party. I can say this. I can say this. I can say this. I can say this. We can We can We can We can edit it out later.edit it out later.edit it out later.edit it out later.

DR. GARTNER: No, no, don’t take it out. Put it in. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: One of the Chinese One of the Chinese One of the Chinese One of the Chinese customs or traditions is that during the engagement party, the customs or traditions is that during the engagement party, the customs or traditions is that during the engagement party, the customs or traditions is that during the engagement party, the potential groom potential groom potential groom potential groom has to cut hardhas to cut hardhas to cut hardhas to cut hard----boiled eggs with chopsticks, four of them. boiled eggs with chopsticks, four of them. boiled eggs with chopsticks, four of them. boiled eggs with chopsticks, four of them. They would coat They would coat They would coat They would coat the the the the hardhardhardhard----boiled eggs in oil so that they would become greasy and slippery, and they boiled eggs in oil so that they would become greasy and slippery, and they boiled eggs in oil so that they would become greasy and slippery, and they boiled eggs in oil so that they would become greasy and slippery, and they gave you gave you gave you gave you not the Japanese wooden chopsticks, but the not the Japanese wooden chopsticks, but the not the Japanese wooden chopsticks, but the not the Japanese wooden chopsticks, but the ———— what do you call what do you call what do you call what do you call this?this?this?this?

DR. GARTNER: Steel?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, the Chinese chopstick thatNo, the Chinese chopstick thatNo, the Chinese chopstick thatNo, the Chinese chopstick that’’’’s made of ivory.s made of ivory.s made of ivory.s made of ivory.

DR. GARTNER: Ivory. Oh, yes, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s very s very s very s very slippery also. slippery also. slippery also. slippery also. So you have slippery chopsticks and slippery eggs, and you So you have slippery chopsticks and slippery eggs, and you So you have slippery chopsticks and slippery eggs, and you So you have slippery chopsticks and slippery eggs, and you have have have have to try to split them four times.to try to split them four times.to try to split them four times.to try to split them four times.

15

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DR. C. GARTNER: [Laughs]DR. GARTNER: Did you do it?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: My motherMy motherMy motherMy mother----inininin----law loved me so much she didnlaw loved me so much she didnlaw loved me so much she didnlaw loved me so much she didn’’’’t do the grease around the t do the grease around the t do the grease around the t do the grease around the eggs.eggs.eggs.eggs.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So it was easy for me. So it was easy for me. So it was easy for me. So it was easy for me. I cut them all.I cut them all.I cut them all.I cut them all.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I made it. So I made it. So I made it. So I made it. But we came, But we came, But we came, But we came, and we had a wedding in Chicago, again in a church that and we had a wedding in Chicago, again in a church that and we had a wedding in Chicago, again in a church that and we had a wedding in Chicago, again in a church that doesndoesndoesndoesn’’’’t exist anymore. t exist anymore. t exist anymore. t exist anymore. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know why it is that all the places that we have history in t know why it is that all the places that we have history in t know why it is that all the places that we have history in t know why it is that all the places that we have history in ———— We We We We go back go back go back go back to Chicago quite often, for meetings and stuff like that. to Chicago quite often, for meetings and stuff like that. to Chicago quite often, for meetings and stuff like that. to Chicago quite often, for meetings and stuff like that. We couldnWe couldnWe couldnWe couldn’’’’t find the t find the t find the t find the place, place, place, place, couldncouldncouldncouldn’’’’t find the church.t find the church.t find the church.t find the church.

DR. GARTNER: Where was the church? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: On the near North Side. On the near North Side. On the near North Side. On the near North Side. DR. GARTNER: On the

near North Side.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Near Grant Near Grant Near Grant Near Grant Hospital [of Chicago Hospital [of Chicago Hospital [of Chicago Hospital [of Chicago –––– now part ofnow part ofnow part ofnow part of

Columbia Healthcare Columbia Healthcare Columbia Healthcare Columbia Healthcare Corporation]. Corporation]. Corporation]. Corporation]. Remember Grant Hospital?Remember Grant Hospital?Remember Grant Hospital?Remember Grant Hospital?

DR. GARTNER: Yes, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Anyway, I was very poor, Anyway, I was very poor, Anyway, I was very poor, Anyway, I was very poor, actually. actually. actually. actually. I was making like maybe $50 a month as an intern, I was making like maybe $50 a month as an intern, I was making like maybe $50 a month as an intern, I was making like maybe $50 a month as an intern, and she made a and she made a and she made a and she made a little bit more, a $100 a month. little bit more, a $100 a month. little bit more, a $100 a month. little bit more, a $100 a month. So our combined income was $150.So our combined income was $150.So our combined income was $150.So our combined income was $150.

DR. GARTNER: And what was she doing at that time? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She was a resident in pathology. She was a resident in pathology. She was a resident in pathology. She was a resident in pathology. DR. GARTNER: Pathology.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: SheSheSheShe’’’’s certified in clinical pathology. s certified in clinical pathology. s certified in clinical pathology. s certified in clinical pathology. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why when we went to Stockholm, Johnny s why when we went to Stockholm, Johnny s why when we went to Stockholm, Johnny s why when we went to Stockholm, Johnny found her a job in the department found her a job in the department found her a job in the department found her a job in the department of chemistry helping the technician run assays and all that. of chemistry helping the technician run assays and all that. of chemistry helping the technician run assays and all that. of chemistry helping the technician run assays and all that. Her name was on a Her name was on a Her name was on a Her name was on a couple of my papers. couple of my papers. couple of my papers. couple of my papers. She did some of my assays.She did some of my assays.She did some of my assays.She did some of my assays.

DR. GARTNER: Good. Where did you live when you were in Chicago?

16

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: We lived in those apartments across from MichaelWe lived in those apartments across from MichaelWe lived in those apartments across from MichaelWe lived in those apartments across from Michael

Reese.Reese.Reese.Reese.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Lakeshore Apartments.Lakeshore Apartments.Lakeshore Apartments.Lakeshore Apartments.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: We lived there for a couple of years. We lived there for a couple of years. We lived there for a couple of years. We lived there for a couple of years. We eventually We eventually We eventually We eventually moved to Wilmette.moved to Wilmette.moved to Wilmette.moved to Wilmette.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We lived there for about three years.We lived there for about three years.We lived there for about three years.We lived there for about three years.

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DR. GARTNER: Before we leave Michael Reese, I’d like you to go back and tell whatever you know about Julius Hess, the Michael Reese premature units and all of those very important pieces of history there. You’re really the only one who could tell us that story.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. I already told you I already told you I already told you I already told you some of the anecdotes, the safety pin, and the rocking bed and some of the anecdotes, the safety pin, and the rocking bed and some of the anecdotes, the safety pin, and the rocking bed and some of the anecdotes, the safety pin, and the rocking bed and all all all all that.that.that.that.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But there are a few more things, like Dr. Hess. But there are a few more things, like Dr. Hess. But there are a few more things, like Dr. Hess. But there are a few more things, like Dr. Hess. I missed him by a few years, as I missed him by a few years, as I missed him by a few years, as I missed him by a few years, as I said.I said.I said.I said.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Apparently he was a very, very devoted doctor. Apparently he was a very, very devoted doctor. Apparently he was a very, very devoted doctor. Apparently he was a very, very devoted doctor. He was a pediatrician. He was a pediatrician. He was a pediatrician. He was a pediatrician. He He He He and and and and Lundeen coLundeen coLundeen coLundeen co----wrote the book on the premature baby [wrote the book on the premature baby [wrote the book on the premature baby [wrote the book on the premature baby [The Premature Infant: The Premature Infant: The Premature Infant: The Premature Infant: Medical and Medical and Medical and Medical and

Nursing CareNursing CareNursing CareNursing Care]. ]. ]. ]. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know if a copy of the book is still t know if a copy of the book is still t know if a copy of the book is still t know if a copy of the book is still around.around.around.around.

DR. GARTNER: I’m sure we have it in the Academy library.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s called s called s called s called The The The The Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care Premature Infant: Medical and Nursing Care –––– 1941], by Hess and 1941], by Hess and 1941], by Hess and 1941], by Hess and Lundeen. Lundeen. Lundeen. Lundeen. I I I I had a copy, and I donhad a copy, and I donhad a copy, and I donhad a copy, and I don’’’’t know what I did with it. t know what I did with it. t know what I did with it. t know what I did with it. With all the moves that IWith all the moves that IWith all the moves that IWith all the moves that I’’’’ve ve ve ve made in made in made in made in the last 35 years, I couldnthe last 35 years, I couldnthe last 35 years, I couldnthe last 35 years, I couldn’’’’t find it. t find it. t find it. t find it. In fact, I also had one memento In fact, I also had one memento In fact, I also had one memento In fact, I also had one memento that I lost completely, the that I lost completely, the that I lost completely, the that I lost completely, the silver spoon.silver spoon.silver spoon.silver spoon.

DR. GARTNER: Ah, for the nasal feeding.

17

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That Lundeen used to feed babies. That Lundeen used to feed babies. That Lundeen used to feed babies. That Lundeen used to feed babies. ItItItIt’’’’s a sharps a sharps a sharps a sharp----edged spoon edged spoon edged spoon edged spoon ————

DR. GARTNER: Yes, turned up.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— that that that that inserts into the nostril. inserts into the nostril. inserts into the nostril. inserts into the nostril. It is turned up so that it goes into the nostril in It is turned up so that it goes into the nostril in It is turned up so that it goes into the nostril in It is turned up so that it goes into the nostril in such a such a such a such a way that when you instill the milk it goes into the esophagus, not the way that when you instill the milk it goes into the esophagus, not the way that when you instill the milk it goes into the esophagus, not the way that when you instill the milk it goes into the esophagus, not the trachea. trachea. trachea. trachea. ItItItIt’’’’s a very s a very s a very s a very interesting little piece of silverware.interesting little piece of silverware.interesting little piece of silverware.interesting little piece of silverware.

DR. GARTNER: Did you actually see her nasal feed the babies?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, yes, yes. Oh, yes, yes. Oh, yes, yes. Oh, yes, yes. I told you I spent two months with her. When I I told you I spent two months with her. When I I told you I spent two months with her. When I I told you I spent two months with her. When I was with her, she was was with her, she was was with her, she was was with her, she was about in her midabout in her midabout in her midabout in her mid----70s. 70s. 70s. 70s. She had Parkinson disease, as I She had Parkinson disease, as I She had Parkinson disease, as I She had Parkinson disease, as I recall. recall. recall. recall. She started to shake. She started to shake. She started to shake. She started to shake. The The The The administration wanted to get rid of her. administration wanted to get rid of her. administration wanted to get rid of her. administration wanted to get rid of her. I I I I went to the administration, and I said, went to the administration, and I said, went to the administration, and I said, went to the administration, and I said, ““““You cannot You cannot You cannot You cannot get rid of Miss Lundeen. get rid of Miss Lundeen. get rid of Miss Lundeen. get rid of Miss Lundeen. She is the soul of that nursery. She is the soul of that nursery. She is the soul of that nursery. She is the soul of that nursery. If sheIf sheIf sheIf she’’’’s gone, you have no nursery.s gone, you have no nursery.s gone, you have no nursery.s gone, you have no nursery.” ” ” ” I I I I almost almost almost almost said, said, said, said, ““““If you fire her, you might as well fire me.If you fire her, you might as well fire me.If you fire her, you might as well fire me.If you fire her, you might as well fire me.” ” ” ” That was the time when I That was the time when I That was the time when I That was the time when I was in was in was in was in charge of the nursery already. charge of the nursery already. charge of the nursery already. charge of the nursery already. She was getting old. She was getting old. She was getting old. She was getting old. What else in those What else in those What else in those What else in those days? days? days? days? The spoon, the The spoon, the The spoon, the The spoon, the safety pin, the rocking bed, the whiskey. safety pin, the rocking bed, the whiskey. safety pin, the rocking bed, the whiskey. safety pin, the rocking bed, the whiskey. The mustard The mustard The mustard The mustard bath. bath. bath. bath. She used to bathe the babies with She used to bathe the babies with She used to bathe the babies with She used to bathe the babies with mustard in it.mustard in it.mustard in it.mustard in it.

DR. GARTNER: Mustard.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Mustard. Mustard. Mustard. Mustard. She would, She would, She would, She would, essentially, buy this mustard and put it in the bath, you know, essentially, buy this mustard and put it in the bath, you know, essentially, buy this mustard and put it in the bath, you know, essentially, buy this mustard and put it in the bath, you know, mix it up. mix it up. mix it up. mix it up. She She She She said, said, said, said, ““““It will increase circulation and vasodilate.It will increase circulation and vasodilate.It will increase circulation and vasodilate.It will increase circulation and vasodilate.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You didnYou didnYou didnYou didn’’’’t check me t check me t check me t check me on the mustard bath.on the mustard bath.on the mustard bath.on the mustard bath.


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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But the mustard bath is another thing thatBut the mustard bath is another thing thatBut the mustard bath is another thing thatBut the mustard bath is another thing that’’’’s very s very s very s very ———— There There There There were a lot of things that were a lot of things that were a lot of things that were a lot of things that were not evidencewere not evidencewere not evidencewere not evidence----based in those days. based in those days. based in those days. based in those days. There was no There was no There was no There was no evidenceevidenceevidenceevidence----based in those days. based in those days. based in those days. based in those days. You just You just You just You just did it by intuition. did it by intuition. did it by intuition. did it by intuition. And she was so And she was so And she was so And she was so devoted to those babies that she would do anything to save devoted to those babies that she would do anything to save devoted to those babies that she would do anything to save devoted to those babies that she would do anything to save them.them.them.them.

DR. GARTNER: This was just a premature nursery at the time. You didn’t have full-term infants?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No. No. No. No. There was no There was no There was no There was no ICU [intensive care unit]. ICU [intensive care unit]. ICU [intensive care unit]. ICU [intensive care unit]. It was just a room about twice this size, It was just a room about twice this size, It was just a room about twice this size, It was just a room about twice this size, and there and there and there and there were about 20 Hess [incubator] beds. They were called Hess beds. were about 20 Hess [incubator] beds. They were called Hess beds. were about 20 Hess [incubator] beds. They were called Hess beds. were about 20 Hess [incubator] beds. They were called Hess beds. Are you Are you Are you Are you familiar with the Hess bed?familiar with the Hess bed?familiar with the Hess bed?familiar with the Hess bed?

18

DR. GARTNER: Yes. Oh, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a way of warming the s a way of warming the s a way of warming the s a way of warming the baby. baby. baby. baby. In fact, the last Hess bed is in the Smithsonian In fact, the last Hess bed is in the Smithsonian In fact, the last Hess bed is in the Smithsonian In fact, the last Hess bed is in the Smithsonian Institution.Institution.Institution.Institution.

DR. GARTNER: Actually, the Academy has a Hess bed.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Does it?Does it?Does it?Does it?

DR. GARTNER: We got it from Lou [Louis] Gluck. It was one fromMichael Reese also.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When that bed was sent to the Smithsonian Institution they needed a When that bed was sent to the Smithsonian Institution they needed a When that bed was sent to the Smithsonian Institution they needed a When that bed was sent to the Smithsonian Institution they needed a doctor to be doctor to be doctor to be doctor to be there to take pictures, so I was there with a mask and cap and a there to take pictures, so I was there with a mask and cap and a there to take pictures, so I was there with a mask and cap and a there to take pictures, so I was there with a mask and cap and a gown. gown. gown. gown. In those days, I was In those days, I was In those days, I was In those days, I was standing by the Hess bed, and they took a picture of standing by the Hess bed, and they took a picture of standing by the Hess bed, and they took a picture of standing by the Hess bed, and they took a picture of me. me. me. me. Actually, that picture ended up in the Actually, that picture ended up in the Actually, that picture ended up in the Actually, that picture ended up in the encyclopedia. One day my daughter encyclopedia. One day my daughter encyclopedia. One day my daughter encyclopedia. One day my daughter Amy, whom weAmy, whom weAmy, whom weAmy, whom we’’’’ll talk about later, came home from school ll talk about later, came home from school ll talk about later, came home from school ll talk about later, came home from school and said, and said, and said, and said, ““““Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad, Dad! I saw you in the encyclopedia.Dad! I saw you in the encyclopedia.Dad! I saw you in the encyclopedia.Dad! I saw you in the encyclopedia.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““YouYouYouYou’’’’re pulling my leg. re pulling my leg. re pulling my leg. re pulling my leg. How How How How can I can I can I can I be in the encyclopedia? be in the encyclopedia? be in the encyclopedia? be in the encyclopedia? IIII’’’’m not a Nobel prize winner or anything like that.m not a Nobel prize winner or anything like that.m not a Nobel prize winner or anything like that.m not a Nobel prize winner or anything like that.” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““No, no, no, your picture was on it.No, no, no, your picture was on it.No, no, no, your picture was on it.No, no, no, your picture was on it.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Where?Where?Where?Where?” ” ” ” And she said, And she said, And she said, And she said, ““““ItItItIt’’’’s under s under s under s under ’’’’IIII’’’’....” ” ” ” The The The The incubator, the Hess bed, with incubator, the Hess bed, with incubator, the Hess bed, with incubator, the Hess bed, with memememe, you know? , you know? , you know? , you know? I I I I dondondondon’’’’t think I have that book. t think I have that book. t think I have that book. t think I have that book. She may have it.She may have it.She may have it.She may have it.

DR. GARTNER: Which encyclopedia was it?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: World Book World Book World Book World Book [Encyclopedia][Encyclopedia][Encyclopedia][Encyclopedia]. . . . It must have been 1975. We were here, in this school It must have been 1975. We were here, in this school It must have been 1975. We were here, in this school It must have been 1975. We were here, in this school here.here.here.here.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So the Hess bed. So the Hess bed. So the Hess bed. So the Hess bed. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s about it. s about it. s about it. s about it. We have a couple of AirWe have a couple of AirWe have a couple of AirWe have a couple of Air----Shields. Shields. Shields. Shields. When I When I When I When I was there, was there, was there, was there, they bought a couple. they bought a couple. they bought a couple. they bought a couple. In fact, Dr. Metcoff had a group of charity In fact, Dr. Metcoff had a group of charity In fact, Dr. Metcoff had a group of charity In fact, Dr. Metcoff had a group of charity people, development people people, development people people, development people people, development people who bought two Airwho bought two Airwho bought two Airwho bought two Air---- Shields. ThatShields. ThatShields. ThatShields. That’’’’s when Lundeen put s when Lundeen put s when Lundeen put s when Lundeen put this thing on the pole.this thing on the pole.this thing on the pole.this thing on the pole.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, right. So you actually took care of the babies in theHess beds.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, yes.Oh, yes.Oh, yes.Oh, yes.

DR. GARTNER: You used the Hess beds. How did that work? It’s always been a question.

19

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: If you wanted to give oxygen in those days, there was no If you wanted to give oxygen in those days, there was no If you wanted to give oxygen in those days, there was no If you wanted to give oxygen in those days, there was no hood.hood.hood.hood.

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DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You use an oxygen catheter and put it near babyYou use an oxygen catheter and put it near babyYou use an oxygen catheter and put it near babyYou use an oxygen catheter and put it near baby’’’’s noses noses noses nose

(blow(blow(blow(blow----by). by). by). by). Not very efficient.Not very efficient.Not very efficient.Not very efficient.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s probably why we got a s probably why we got a s probably why we got a s probably why we got a lot of ROP [retinopathy of prematurity] in those days, lot of ROP [retinopathy of prematurity] in those days, lot of ROP [retinopathy of prematurity] in those days, lot of ROP [retinopathy of prematurity] in those days, because there was no because there was no because there was no because there was no control to oxygen being given.control to oxygen being given.control to oxygen being given.control to oxygen being given.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, we have come a long way in terms of No, we have come a long way in terms of No, we have come a long way in terms of No, we have come a long way in terms of technology and infant care.technology and infant care.technology and infant care.technology and infant care.

DR. GARTNER: Do you remember anything else about Sarah Morris and the preemie unit there?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We did a lot of exchange transfusions in those days for Rh We did a lot of exchange transfusions in those days for Rh We did a lot of exchange transfusions in those days for Rh We did a lot of exchange transfusions in those days for Rh factor, and not many of factor, and not many of factor, and not many of factor, and not many of them were preemies on the first floor. them were preemies on the first floor. them were preemies on the first floor. them were preemies on the first floor. Lundeen, Lundeen, Lundeen, Lundeen, actually, was a very visionary person. actually, was a very visionary person. actually, was a very visionary person. actually, was a very visionary person. She She She She said that we should see how these said that we should see how these said that we should see how these said that we should see how these babies do when they go home, that there should be a followbabies do when they go home, that there should be a followbabies do when they go home, that there should be a followbabies do when they go home, that there should be a follow----up program. There was up program. There was up program. There was up program. There was no formalized followno formalized followno formalized followno formalized follow----up program. up program. up program. up program. But she said, But she said, But she said, But she said, ““““We have to have We have to have We have to have We have to have someone see someone see someone see someone see these children when they get to be five, seven, ten years old.these children when they get to be five, seven, ten years old.these children when they get to be five, seven, ten years old.these children when they get to be five, seven, ten years old.””””

We had a pediatrician by the name of [Lester] Wishingrad, who was a We had a pediatrician by the name of [Lester] Wishingrad, who was a We had a pediatrician by the name of [Lester] Wishingrad, who was a We had a pediatrician by the name of [Lester] Wishingrad, who was a practicing pediatrician practicing pediatrician practicing pediatrician practicing pediatrician who is very interested in premature babies. who is very interested in premature babies. who is very interested in premature babies. who is very interested in premature babies. In fact, do In fact, do In fact, do In fact, do you remember the bilirubin study in the you remember the bilirubin study in the you remember the bilirubin study in the you remember the bilirubin study in the 1970s, where you had 20 perinatal 1970s, where you had 20 perinatal 1970s, where you had 20 perinatal 1970s, where you had 20 perinatal centers, sponsored by NIH [US National Institutes of centers, sponsored by NIH [US National Institutes of centers, sponsored by NIH [US National Institutes of centers, sponsored by NIH [US National Institutes of Health]? Michael Reese was Health]? Michael Reese was Health]? Michael Reese was Health]? Michael Reese was one of them, and Wishingrad was a PI [principal investigator] for one of them, and Wishingrad was a PI [principal investigator] for one of them, and Wishingrad was a PI [principal investigator] for one of them, and Wishingrad was a PI [principal investigator] for the Michael the Michael the Michael the Michael Reese program. Reese program. Reese program. Reese program. He did a lot of followHe did a lot of followHe did a lot of followHe did a lot of follow----up on these bilirubin babies. I canup on these bilirubin babies. I canup on these bilirubin babies. I canup on these bilirubin babies. I can’’’’t t t t forget forget forget forget one experience. one experience. one experience. one experience. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t have at have at have at have a

followfollowfollowfollow----up clinic, so up clinic, so up clinic, so up clinic, so they all had to come to the premature nursery. they all had to come to the premature nursery. they all had to come to the premature nursery. they all had to come to the premature nursery. There was a little There was a little There was a little There was a little anteroom anteroom anteroom anteroom where Dr. Wishingrad set up shop and would see these children. where Dr. Wishingrad set up shop and would see these children. where Dr. Wishingrad set up shop and would see these children. where Dr. Wishingrad set up shop and would see these children. He did all the He did all the He did all the He did all the developmental testing himself. developmental testing himself. developmental testing himself. developmental testing himself. You know, thereYou know, thereYou know, thereYou know, there

were no were no were no were no developmentalists in those days.developmentalists in those days.developmentalists in those days.developmentalists in those days.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: He was the developmentalist, psychologist, and heHe was the developmentalist, psychologist, and heHe was the developmentalist, psychologist, and heHe was the developmentalist, psychologist, and he’’’’d test d test d test d test everything. everything. everything. everything. HeHeHeHe’’’’d say, d say, d say, d say, ““““Everything is fine.Everything is fine.Everything is fine.Everything is fine.” ” ” ” There was a twoThere was a twoThere was a twoThere was a two---- or threeor threeor threeor three----pound pound pound pound baby, who was now a sevenbaby, who was now a sevenbaby, who was now a sevenbaby, who was now a seven----yearyearyearyear----old. old. old. old. I still remember. I still remember. I still remember. I still remember. I was there, and Lundeen I was there, and Lundeen I was there, and Lundeen I was there, and Lundeen came running to me, and she said, came running to me, and she said, came running to me, and she said, came running to me, and she said, ““““Dr. Oh, youDr. Oh, youDr. Oh, youDr. Oh, you’’’’ve ve ve ve got to see thisgot to see thisgot to see thisgot to see this

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sevensevensevenseven----yearyearyearyear----old doing very well, except a little bit of a speech old doing very well, except a little bit of a speech old doing very well, except a little bit of a speech old doing very well, except a little bit of a speech problem.problem.problem.problem.” ” ” ” And it turned out And it turned out And it turned out And it turned out this was a Greek child.this was a Greek child.this was a Greek child.this was a Greek child.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: CouldnCouldnCouldnCouldn’’’’t speak English. t speak English. t speak English. t speak English. Anyway, but that was the followAnyway, but that was the followAnyway, but that was the followAnyway, but that was the follow----up program.up program.up program.up program.

DR. GARTNER: What was Wishingrad’s first name? Do you remember?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It started with an L, Lester Wishingrad?It started with an L, Lester Wishingrad?It started with an L, Lester Wishingrad?It started with an L, Lester Wishingrad?

DR. GARTNER: Lester?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, and Yes, and Yes, and Yes, and WWWW----iiii----ssss----hhhh----iiii----nnnn----gggg----rrrr----aaaa----d, Wishingrad.d, Wishingrad.d, Wishingrad.d, Wishingrad.

DR. GARTNER: I remember the name.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: There were several people There were several people There were several people There were several people after Dr. Hess passed away;after Dr. Hess passed away;after Dr. Hess passed away;after Dr. Hess passed away;

there was a Ralph [H.] there was a Ralph [H.] there was a Ralph [H.] there was a Ralph [H.] Kunstadter.Kunstadter.Kunstadter.Kunstadter.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I remember.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He took over, along with someone by the name ofHe took over, along with someone by the name ofHe took over, along with someone by the name ofHe took over, along with someone by the name of

[Reuben I.] Klein, the two of them.[Reuben I.] Klein, the two of them.[Reuben I.] Klein, the two of them.[Reuben I.] Klein, the two of them.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And then Wishingrad was the And then Wishingrad was the And then Wishingrad was the And then Wishingrad was the young associate who helped them. young associate who helped them. young associate who helped them. young associate who helped them. In those days, there In those days, there In those days, there In those days, there were no fullwere no fullwere no fullwere no full----time people. time people. time people. time people. They were all private practitioners, who really devoted their time, They were all private practitioners, who really devoted their time, They were all private practitioners, who really devoted their time, They were all private practitioners, who really devoted their time, with no with no with no with no pay, taking care of these nurseries.pay, taking care of these nurseries.pay, taking care of these nurseries.pay, taking care of these nurseries.

DR. GARTNER: Kunstadter. Of course, the new building that was built was named for him [Kunstadter Children’s Center, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center].

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Ralph, well, he was a great guy. Ralph, well, he was a great guy. Ralph, well, he was a great guy. Ralph, well, he was a great guy. I wrote a couple of I wrote a couple of I wrote a couple of I wrote a couple of papers with him. papers with him. papers with him. papers with him. He was a He was a He was a He was a very motivated person. very motivated person. very motivated person. very motivated person. One paper that we wrote One paper that we wrote One paper that we wrote One paper that we wrote together was about a kid with, today ittogether was about a kid with, today ittogether was about a kid with, today ittogether was about a kid with, today it’’’’s GE s GE s GE s GE [gastroesophageal] reflux. And the [gastroesophageal] reflux. And the [gastroesophageal] reflux. And the [gastroesophageal] reflux. And the title was title was title was title was ““““Vomiting in the newborn with particular Vomiting in the newborn with particular Vomiting in the newborn with particular Vomiting in the newborn with particular reference to cardiochalasia,reference to cardiochalasia,reference to cardiochalasia,reference to cardiochalasia,” ” ” ” 1964 in 1964 in 1964 in 1964 in Medical TimesMedical TimesMedical TimesMedical Times. . . . It referred to the use of the papoose It referred to the use of the papoose It referred to the use of the papoose It referred to the use of the papoose bed. bed. bed. bed. You You You You know, you thicken the feed, and you keep them upright. know, you thicken the feed, and you keep them upright. know, you thicken the feed, and you keep them upright. know, you thicken the feed, and you keep them upright. In those days, there was In those days, there was In those days, there was In those days, there was no no no no such thing as Zantac and stuff like that.such thing as Zantac and stuff like that.such thing as Zantac and stuff like that.such thing as Zantac and stuff like that.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That was That was That was That was the treatment for it. the treatment for it. the treatment for it. the treatment for it. Anyway, so that was Ralph Kunstadter. Anyway, so that was Ralph Kunstadter. Anyway, so that was Ralph Kunstadter. Anyway, so that was Ralph Kunstadter. And Dr. Klein And Dr. Klein And Dr. Klein And Dr. Klein was was was was also very good. also very good. also very good. also very good. They were all very good people. They were all very good people. They were all very good people. They were all very good people. I miss them. I miss them. I miss them. I miss them. I think theyI think theyI think theyI think they’’’’re re re re all gone. all gone. all gone. all gone. So So So So enough of my childhood, the early days.enough of my childhood, the early days.enough of my childhood, the early days.enough of my childhood, the early days.

DR. GARTNER: I don’t know, we may get back to some of it. We’ll see. [Laughs] I guess you’ve

told us how these early experiences influenced your later career choices. Were there any other people or any other experiences?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Mainly the pediatrician in Milwaukee. Mainly the pediatrician in Milwaukee. Mainly the pediatrician in Milwaukee. Mainly the pediatrician in Milwaukee. Vaccaro was his name, Vaccaro was his name, Vaccaro was his name, Vaccaro was his name, Dr. Vaccaro. Dr. Vaccaro. Dr. Vaccaro. Dr. Vaccaro. Italian. Italian. Italian. Italian. He He He He always impressed me as a very wellalways impressed me as a very wellalways impressed me as a very wellalways impressed me as a very well----dressed, really dressed, really dressed, really dressed, really wellwellwellwell----dressed person. dressed person. dressed person. dressed person. He was a very He was a very He was a very He was a very successful pediatrician. successful pediatrician. successful pediatrician. successful pediatrician. We had a pediatric We had a pediatric We had a pediatric We had a pediatric ward. ward. ward. ward. I think there were about 15, 20 beds, and he I think there were about 15, 20 beds, and he I think there were about 15, 20 beds, and he I think there were about 15, 20 beds, and he always had half of the ward. always had half of the ward. always had half of the ward. always had half of the ward. He would, essentially, be chief of pediatrics if he gets all the He would, essentially, be chief of pediatrics if he gets all the He would, essentially, be chief of pediatrics if he gets all the He would, essentially, be chief of pediatrics if he gets all the patients. patients. patients. patients. I I I I used to follow him all the time. used to follow him all the time. used to follow him all the time. used to follow him all the time. There was no nursery in that hospital. There was no nursery in that hospital. There was no nursery in that hospital. There was no nursery in that hospital. Well, Well, Well, Well, there there there there was a small nursery, but it was not a premature nursery.was a small nursery, but it was not a premature nursery.was a small nursery, but it was not a premature nursery.was a small nursery, but it was not a premature nursery.

DR. GARTNER: Where did the premature babies go in those days?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: County Hospital. County Hospital. County Hospital. County Hospital. Milwaukee County [General] Hospital. Milwaukee County [General] Hospital. Milwaukee County [General] Hospital. Milwaukee County [General] Hospital. They had a premature They had a premature They had a premature They had a premature nursery, a small one. nursery, a small one. nursery, a small one. nursery, a small one. I think the Michael Reese Sarah I think the Michael Reese Sarah I think the Michael Reese Sarah I think the Michael Reese Sarah Morris premature nursery was the first Morris premature nursery was the first Morris premature nursery was the first Morris premature nursery was the first premature nursery in the world.premature nursery in the world.premature nursery in the world.premature nursery in the world.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThereThereThereThere’’’’s no s no s no s no question about it.question about it.question about it.question about it.

DR. GARTNER: That’s correct.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: There was no such thing There was no such thing There was no such thing There was no such thing anywhere.anywhere.anywhere.anywhere.

DR. GARTNER: No.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think they organized the WorldI think they organized the WorldI think they organized the WorldI think they organized the World’’’’s Fair, 1930s [Chicagos Fair, 1930s [Chicagos Fair, 1930s [Chicagos Fair, 1930s [Chicago

WorldWorldWorldWorld’’’’s Fair: A Century of Progress Exposition 1933s Fair: A Century of Progress Exposition 1933s Fair: A Century of Progress Exposition 1933s Fair: A Century of Progress Exposition 1933----1934].1934].1934].1934].

DR. GARTNER: That was [Martin Arthur] Couney, with help from Hess.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Couney, yes. Couney, yes. Couney, yes. Couney, yes. You know all the You know all the You know all the You know all the history.history.history.history.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] Oh, yes. That was true. Did you have any military service in the Philippines or in the U.S.?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No military No military No military No military service.service.service.service.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. Now, before we forget it, let’s go back to Mary. We talked a little bit about marriage, and we didn’t talk about family at all — a little more about that. When did you first have

children?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We have two children. We have two children. We have two children. We have two children. Our Our Our Our first son was born a year after our marriage, in Chicago.first son was born a year after our marriage, in Chicago.first son was born a year after our marriage, in Chicago.first son was born a year after our marriage, in Chicago.

DR. GARTNER: Was he born at Michael Reese?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, No, No, No, at Grant Hospital. at Grant Hospital. at Grant Hospital. at Grant Hospital. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s where Mary was working at the time. s where Mary was working at the time. s where Mary was working at the time. s where Mary was working at the time. She actually She actually She actually She actually took took took took off two years of residency just to take care of the kids and support them. off two years of residency just to take care of the kids and support them. off two years of residency just to take care of the kids and support them. off two years of residency just to take care of the kids and support them. When I advise my When I advise my When I advise my When I advise my young people about their career development, I always have the young people about their career development, I always have the young people about their career development, I always have the young people about their career development, I always have the word CROWNS as my word CROWNS as my word CROWNS as my word CROWNS as my ————What do you call it? What do you call it? What do you call it? What do you call it? WhatWhatWhatWhat’’’’s the term for a word that you s the term for a word that you s the term for a word that you s the term for a word that you use to mean a few things?use to mean a few things?use to mean a few things?use to mean a few things?

DR. C. GARTNER: Is it an eponym?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ItItItIt’’’’ll come to me. ll come to me. ll come to me. ll come to me. Acronym.Acronym.Acronym.Acronym.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, an acronym.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: My acronym for advising My acronym for advising My acronym for advising My acronym for advising people is the word CROWNS. C is for commitment. people is the word CROWNS. C is for commitment. people is the word CROWNS. C is for commitment. people is the word CROWNS. C is for commitment. You have You have You have You have to make the commitment to make the commitment to make the commitment to make the commitment to whatever you want to do. to whatever you want to do. to whatever you want to do. to whatever you want to do. R is for role model, someone who can R is for role model, someone who can R is for role model, someone who can R is for role model, someone who can help guide help guide help guide help guide you. you. you. you. And for each of those I have criteria, criteria for being a good role And for each of those I have criteria, criteria for being a good role And for each of those I have criteria, criteria for being a good role And for each of those I have criteria, criteria for being a good role model. model. model. model. O is O is O is O is for ongoing assessment and planning. for ongoing assessment and planning. for ongoing assessment and planning. for ongoing assessment and planning. W is for work habits. W is for work habits. W is for work habits. W is for work habits. I I I I dondondondon’’’’t care how bright you are or t care how bright you are or t care how bright you are or t care how bright you are or how committed you are, if you are a lazy bum, how committed you are, if you are a lazy bum, how committed you are, if you are a lazy bum, how committed you are, if you are a lazy bum, youyouyouyou’’’’re not going to get anywhere. re not going to get anywhere. re not going to get anywhere. re not going to get anywhere. And N is for And N is for And N is for And N is for native intelligence. native intelligence. native intelligence. native intelligence. YouYouYouYou’’’’ve got ve got ve got ve got to have something up here. to have something up here. to have something up here. to have something up here. Then later on I added the letter S Then later on I added the letter S Then later on I added the letter S Then later on I added the letter S for spouse for spouse for spouse for spouse support. support. support. support. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““You have to have the S. You have to have the S. You have to have the S. You have to have the S. Whatever commitment you make, Whatever commitment you make, Whatever commitment you make, Whatever commitment you make, whatever plan you have, for Godwhatever plan you have, for Godwhatever plan you have, for Godwhatever plan you have, for God’’’’s sake go home and talk to your spouse and s sake go home and talk to your spouse and s sake go home and talk to your spouse and s sake go home and talk to your spouse and makemakemakemake

sure that she or he agrees with you, because otherwise sure that she or he agrees with you, because otherwise sure that she or he agrees with you, because otherwise sure that she or he agrees with you, because otherwise youyouyouyou’’’’re going to have a problem in re going to have a problem in re going to have a problem in re going to have a problem in terms of your development.terms of your development.terms of your development.terms of your development.””””

DR. GARTNER: Absolutely. That’s very smart.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s my acronym. s my acronym. s my acronym. s my acronym. I gave the talk quite often to my fellows. I gave the talk quite often to my fellows. I gave the talk quite often to my fellows. I gave the talk quite often to my fellows. I have I have I have I have changed the changed the changed the changed the tone of the talk over the years. tone of the talk over the years. tone of the talk over the years. tone of the talk over the years. I have trained more than 100 I have trained more than 100 I have trained more than 100 I have trained more than 100 fellows in my lifetime. fellows in my lifetime. fellows in my lifetime. fellows in my lifetime. The first The first The first The first half of my mentorship ended up with at least half of my mentorship ended up with at least half of my mentorship ended up with at least half of my mentorship ended up with at least 50 percent in academic medicine. 50 percent in academic medicine. 50 percent in academic medicine. 50 percent in academic medicine. Today you Today you Today you Today you know what the statistic is, the know what the statistic is, the know what the statistic is, the know what the statistic is, the fellows in neonatology going to academic? fellows in neonatology going to academic? fellows in neonatology going to academic? fellows in neonatology going to academic? The last count wasThe last count wasThe last count wasThe last count was

12 percent. 12 percent. 12 percent. 12 percent. EightyEightyEightyEighty----eight percent of them go into private eight percent of them go into private eight percent of them go into private eight percent of them go into private practice.practice.practice.practice.

DR. GARTNER: This is your own group or nationwide?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Nationwide statistic. Nationwide statistic. Nationwide statistic. Nationwide statistic. Nothing wrong with it. Nothing wrong with it. Nothing wrong with it. Nothing wrong with it. Somebody has to take care of the patient. Somebody has to take care of the patient. Somebody has to take care of the patient. Somebody has to take care of the patient. But thatBut thatBut thatBut that’’’’s s s s how far it has gone in terms of academic versus private practice. how far it has gone in terms of academic versus private practice. how far it has gone in terms of academic versus private practice. how far it has gone in terms of academic versus private practice. I have I have I have I have nothing nothing nothing nothing against private practice.against private practice.against private practice.against private practice.

Let me make sure I say that. Let me make sure I say that. Let me make sure I say that. Let me make sure I say that. But you need to have a group of academic people to sustain the But you need to have a group of academic people to sustain the But you need to have a group of academic people to sustain the But you need to have a group of academic people to sustain the vigor and the vigor and the vigor and the vigor and the creative nature of the specialty.creative nature of the specialty.creative nature of the specialty.creative nature of the specialty.

DR. GARTNER: Tell us about the children while we’re on the subject.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. My son grew up here, and then he went to Bates College. My son grew up here, and then he went to Bates College. My son grew up here, and then he went to Bates College. My son grew up here, and then he went to Bates College. We had been in We had been in We had been in We had been in California. I didnCalifornia. I didnCalifornia. I didnCalifornia. I didn’’’’t mention my fivet mention my fivet mention my fivet mention my five----year jaunt in California.year jaunt in California.year jaunt in California.year jaunt in California.

DR. GARTNER: That’s right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I I I I should talk about that before we get into the family.should talk about that before we get into the family.should talk about that before we get into the family.should talk about that before we get into the family.

DR. GARTNER: Okay, go ahead.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I came back to I came back to I came back to I came back to Chicago to fulfill my commitment. Chicago to fulfill my commitment. Chicago to fulfill my commitment. Chicago to fulfill my commitment. You have the C, remember?You have the C, remember?You have the C, remember?You have the C, remember?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And I ran the nursery And I ran the nursery And I ran the nursery And I ran the nursery with Dr. Metcoff. with Dr. Metcoff. with Dr. Metcoff. with Dr. Metcoff. He was very supportive, and he gave me a He was very supportive, and he gave me a He was very supportive, and he gave me a He was very supportive, and he gave me a decent salary and decent salary and decent salary and decent salary and gave me a nice title. gave me a nice title. gave me a nice title. gave me a nice title. I was on the faculty at Chicago Med [Medical School] I was on the faculty at Chicago Med [Medical School] I was on the faculty at Chicago Med [Medical School] I was on the faculty at Chicago Med [Medical School] and and and and then later on Thethen later on Thethen later on Thethen later on The

University of Chicago. University of Chicago. University of Chicago. University of Chicago. But after a while, I But after a while, I But after a while, I But after a while, I was making, like, $5000 a year as an assistant was making, like, $5000 a year as an assistant was making, like, $5000 a year as an assistant was making, like, $5000 a year as an assistant professor, and my rent was $200 professor, and my rent was $200 professor, and my rent was $200 professor, and my rent was $200 or $300 a month. or $300 a month. or $300 a month. or $300 a month. I kept going back to Dr. Metcoff. I kept going back to Dr. Metcoff. I kept going back to Dr. Metcoff. I kept going back to Dr. Metcoff. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Dr. Metcoff, I Dr. Metcoff, I Dr. Metcoff, I Dr. Metcoff, I need a little raise.need a little raise.need a little raise.need a little raise.” ” ” ” Every yearEvery yearEvery yearEvery year

he would turn me down. he would turn me down. he would turn me down. he would turn me down. He He He He said, said, said, said, ““““The budget is tight. The budget is tight. The budget is tight. The budget is tight. I canI canI canI can’’’’t do anything.t do anything.t do anything.t do anything.” ” ” ” You know, now You know, now You know, now You know, now that Ithat Ithat Ithat I’’’’ve been ve been ve been ve been through a chairmanship, as you have been through chairmanship.through a chairmanship, as you have been through chairmanship.through a chairmanship, as you have been through chairmanship.through a chairmanship, as you have been through chairmanship.

DR. GARTNER: Mm-hm.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I know he I know he I know he I know he really meant it. really meant it. really meant it. really meant it. He couldnHe couldnHe couldnHe couldn’’’’t do anything. His hands were tied. t do anything. His hands were tied. t do anything. His hands were tied. t do anything. His hands were tied. Anyway, I Anyway, I Anyway, I Anyway, I finally said, finally said, finally said, finally said, ““““You know, IYou know, IYou know, IYou know, I’’’’ve gotten two years of support from you. ve gotten two years of support from you. ve gotten two years of support from you. ve gotten two years of support from you. I probably I probably I probably I probably should do at should do at should do at should do at least two years.least two years.least two years.least two years.” ” ” ” In those days, we didnIn those days, we didnIn those days, we didnIn those days, we didn’’’’t have contract. t have contract. t have contract. t have contract. ItItItIt’’’’s a, s a, s a, s a, you know you know you know you know ————

DR. GARTNER: A handshake.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: A handshake, and you keep your word, I keep my word, okay? So I A handshake, and you keep your word, I keep my word, okay? So I A handshake, and you keep your word, I keep my word, okay? So I A handshake, and you keep your word, I keep my word, okay? So I figured two years figured two years figured two years figured two years should be enough, but I stayed for three. should be enough, but I stayed for three. should be enough, but I stayed for three. should be enough, but I stayed for three. The first two years The first two years The first two years The first two years I took whatever he gave me, I took whatever he gave me, I took whatever he gave me, I took whatever he gave me, because I wouldnbecause I wouldnbecause I wouldnbecause I wouldn’’’’t have gottent have gottent have gottent have gotten

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that job without being in Stockholm for two that job without being in Stockholm for two that job without being in Stockholm for two that job without being in Stockholm for two years. years. years. years. I felt very grateful, and I felt that I should I felt very grateful, and I felt that I should I felt very grateful, and I felt that I should I felt very grateful, and I felt that I should do whatever he wanted me do whatever he wanted me do whatever he wanted me do whatever he wanted me to do. to do. to do. to do. But by the third or fourth year, I was getting a little But by the third or fourth year, I was getting a little But by the third or fourth year, I was getting a little But by the third or fourth year, I was getting a little restless, restless, restless, restless, because it was hard.because it was hard.because it was hard.because it was hard.

DR. GARTNER: Sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I worried about the kidsI worried about the kidsI worried about the kidsI worried about the kids’ ’ ’ ’ education and all that, so I kept education and all that, so I kept education and all that, so I kept education and all that, so I kept going back and asking for a going back and asking for a going back and asking for a going back and asking for a raise. raise. raise. raise. In the meantime, my career was also In the meantime, my career was also In the meantime, my career was also In the meantime, my career was also beginning to fly. beginning to fly. beginning to fly. beginning to fly. People were beginning to know People were beginning to know People were beginning to know People were beginning to know me. me. me. me. I was starting to get I was starting to get I was starting to get I was starting to get inquiries from several places to see if I would move. inquiries from several places to see if I would move. inquiries from several places to see if I would move. inquiries from several places to see if I would move. I got a call from I got a call from I got a call from I got a call from Houston, Winnipeg, Indianapolis and then Harbor [General Hospital], UCLA [since Houston, Winnipeg, Indianapolis and then Harbor [General Hospital], UCLA [since Houston, Winnipeg, Indianapolis and then Harbor [General Hospital], UCLA [since Houston, Winnipeg, Indianapolis and then Harbor [General Hospital], UCLA [since 1978 Los 1978 Los 1978 Los 1978 Los Angeles County HarborAngeles County HarborAngeles County HarborAngeles County Harbor----UCLA Medical Center], Joe [Joseph W.] St. Geme UCLA Medical Center], Joe [Joseph W.] St. Geme UCLA Medical Center], Joe [Joseph W.] St. Geme UCLA Medical Center], Joe [Joseph W.] St. Geme [Jr.]. [Jr.]. [Jr.]. [Jr.]. So in the So in the So in the So in the fourth year, I finally went to Dr. Metcoff and said, fourth year, I finally went to Dr. Metcoff and said, fourth year, I finally went to Dr. Metcoff and said, fourth year, I finally went to Dr. Metcoff and said, ““““I have I have I have I have all these offers. all these offers. all these offers. all these offers. I need to let you I need to let you I need to let you I need to let you know that Iknow that Iknow that Iknow that I’’’’mmmm

looking.looking.looking.looking.” ” ” ” But he still didnBut he still didnBut he still didnBut he still didn’’’’t understand why I wanted to leave. t understand why I wanted to leave. t understand why I wanted to leave. t understand why I wanted to leave. He thought I had a good He thought I had a good He thought I had a good He thought I had a good job. job. job. job. But But But But I kept telling him, I kept telling him, I kept telling him, I kept telling him, ““““I need a raise.I need a raise.I need a raise.I need a raise.” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““But I canBut I canBut I canBut I can’’’’t do it.t do it.t do it.t do it.” ” ” ” I finally said, I finally said, I finally said, I finally said, ““““I just have to I just have to I just have to I just have to move.move.move.move.” ” ” ” So I moved to UCLA. So I moved to UCLA. So I moved to UCLA. So I moved to UCLA. Joe, you know Joe, you know Joe, you know Joe, you know Joe?Joe?Joe?Joe?

DR. GARTNER: Oh, a wonderful man.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He was a fantastic chairman.He was a fantastic chairman.He was a fantastic chairman.He was a fantastic chairman.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And it was a very good move, because I was And it was a very good move, because I was And it was a very good move, because I was And it was a very good move, because I was surrounded by a bunch of very, very surrounded by a bunch of very, very surrounded by a bunch of very, very surrounded by a bunch of very, very bright academic people. bright academic people. bright academic people. bright academic people. Del [Delbert A.] Del [Delbert A.] Del [Delbert A.] Del [Delbert A.] Fisher and George [C.] Emmanouilides and Cal Fisher and George [C.] Emmanouilides and Cal Fisher and George [C.] Emmanouilides and Cal Fisher and George [C.] Emmanouilides and Cal [Calvin J.] Hobel in OB [Calvin J.] Hobel in OB [Calvin J.] Hobel in OB [Calvin J.] Hobel in OB [obstetrics],[obstetrics],[obstetrics],[obstetrics],

and Mike [Michael M.] Kaback, and all those and Mike [Michael M.] Kaback, and all those and Mike [Michael M.] Kaback, and all those and Mike [Michael M.] Kaback, and all those people.people.people.people.

DR. GARTNER: A great group.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Very good group. Very good group. Very good group. Very good group. I must have published at least 100 papers in that I must have published at least 100 papers in that I must have published at least 100 papers in that I must have published at least 100 papers in that fivefivefivefive----year period year period year period year period with the group.with the group.with the group.with the group.

DR. GARTNER: Wow.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And I was in the lab all the time doing And I was in the lab all the time doing And I was in the lab all the time doing And I was in the lab all the time doing chronic sheep preparation. chronic sheep preparation. chronic sheep preparation. chronic sheep preparation. In fact, I have to In fact, I have to In fact, I have to In fact, I have to tell this one little anecdote. tell this one little anecdote. tell this one little anecdote. tell this one little anecdote. You know the residency graduation?You know the residency graduation?You know the residency graduation?You know the residency graduation?

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: They did a skit in those days.They did a skit in those days.They did a skit in those days.They did a skit in those days.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, yes, yes. We used to.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In one skit they showed an incubator up on the stage, and then some In one skit they showed an incubator up on the stage, and then some In one skit they showed an incubator up on the stage, and then some In one skit they showed an incubator up on the stage, and then some resident resident resident resident wearing a cap came in and looked at the baby. It was a mannequin. wearing a cap came in and looked at the baby. It was a mannequin. wearing a cap came in and looked at the baby. It was a mannequin. wearing a cap came in and looked at the baby. It was a mannequin. He He He He looked at the baby and looked at the baby and looked at the baby and looked at the baby and said, said, said, said, ““““Oh, this baby is sick.Oh, this baby is sick.Oh, this baby is sick.Oh, this baby is sick.” ” ” ” And then they had a Dr. And then they had a Dr. And then they had a Dr. And then they had a Dr. No. No. No. No. You know, there was that movie, You know, there was that movie, You know, there was that movie, You know, there was that movie, ““““Dr. No.Dr. No.Dr. No.Dr. No.””””

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In the back you know it was me. In the back you know it was me. In the back you know it was me. In the back you know it was me. ““““This baby is sick, but I have to go back to my sheep This baby is sick, but I have to go back to my sheep This baby is sick, but I have to go back to my sheep This baby is sick, but I have to go back to my sheep lab.lab.lab.lab.” ” ” ” [[[[Laughter] And I Laughter] And I Laughter] And I Laughter] And I sat there and said, sat there and said, sat there and said, sat there and said, ““““Oh, my God!Oh, my God!Oh, my God!Oh, my God!””””

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] I remember those skits. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was funny. It was funny. It was funny. It was funny. They all laughed. They all laughed. They all laughed. They all laughed. But I wasnBut I wasnBut I wasnBut I wasn’’’’t sure whether to take it as an insult or as t sure whether to take it as an insult or as t sure whether to take it as an insult or as t sure whether to take it as an insult or as a a a a compliment. compliment. compliment. compliment. Probably both. Probably both. Probably both. Probably both. So anyway, then I have to tell you about my move So anyway, then I have to tell you about my move So anyway, then I have to tell you about my move So anyway, then I have to tell you about my move here, that part here, that part here, that part here, that part of my career move. of my career move. of my career move. of my career move. Joe was really a great person. Joe was really a great person. Joe was really a great person. Joe was really a great person. I mean, he I mean, he I mean, he I mean, he really taught me how to really taught me how to really taught me how to really taught me how to administer. administer. administer. administer. He was a great administrator.He was a great administrator.He was a great administrator.He was a great administrator.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, he was wonderful, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When I became chairman here, the first thing I did was call Joe [Joseph When I became chairman here, the first thing I did was call Joe [Joseph When I became chairman here, the first thing I did was call Joe [Joseph When I became chairman here, the first thing I did was call Joe [Joseph B.] Warshaw B.] Warshaw B.] Warshaw B.] Warshaw at Yale for some advice. at Yale for some advice. at Yale for some advice. at Yale for some advice. He told me three things, and those were He told me three things, and those were He told me three things, and those were He told me three things, and those were three things that Joe St. three things that Joe St. three things that Joe St. three things that Joe St. Geme [Jr.] used to tell us.Geme [Jr.] used to tell us.Geme [Jr.] used to tell us.Geme [Jr.] used to tell us.

One is One is One is One is take care of your house staff. take care of your house staff. take care of your house staff. take care of your house staff. Two is protect and develop your faculty. Three Two is protect and develop your faculty. Three Two is protect and develop your faculty. Three Two is protect and develop your faculty. Three is make is make is make is make sure your patient care is optimal. sure your patient care is optimal. sure your patient care is optimal. sure your patient care is optimal. Those are the three Those are the three Those are the three Those are the three things.things.things.things.

DR. GARTNER: Each one’s a big job.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Anyway, so I was very happy at UCLA, at Harbor. I was Anyway, so I was very happy at UCLA, at Harbor. I was Anyway, so I was very happy at UCLA, at Harbor. I was Anyway, so I was very happy at UCLA, at Harbor. I was very productive, and I very productive, and I very productive, and I very productive, and I had very good people. had very good people. had very good people. had very good people. Then the budget crunch came in. Then the budget crunch came in. Then the budget crunch came in. Then the budget crunch came in. The county was losing money. The county was losing money. The county was losing money. The county was losing money. You You You You know Harbor General is a county know Harbor General is a county know Harbor General is a county know Harbor General is a county hospital.hospital.hospital.hospital.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So they wanted to cut people, and they stopped hiring, and now I was So they wanted to cut people, and they stopped hiring, and now I was So they wanted to cut people, and they stopped hiring, and now I was So they wanted to cut people, and they stopped hiring, and now I was getting very getting very getting very getting very busy. busy. busy. busy. I had one associate and needed a third one. They said I had one associate and needed a third one. They said I had one associate and needed a third one. They said I had one associate and needed a third one. They said ““““No.No.No.No.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, I canWell, I canWell, I canWell, I can’’’’t do this t do this t do this t do this with just two of us. with just two of us. with just two of us. with just two of us. I might as well resign.I might as well resign.I might as well resign.I might as well resign.” ” ” ” I I I I wasnwasnwasnwasn’’’’t threatening, but t threatening, but t threatening, but t threatening, but ————

DR. GARTNER: You were chief of the nursery service.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was chief of I was chief of I was chief of I was chief of nursery.nursery.nursery.nursery.

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DR. GARTNER: Was that a preemie unit or neonatology intensive care?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Intensive care.Intensive care.Intensive care.Intensive care.

DR. GARTNER: That was the ICU at that time.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was very busy, because I believe in It was very busy, because I believe in It was very busy, because I believe in It was very busy, because I believe in regionalization. regionalization. regionalization. regionalization. I went out to talk to every I went out to talk to every I went out to talk to every I went out to talk to every pediatrician in the South Bay area pediatrician in the South Bay area pediatrician in the South Bay area pediatrician in the South Bay area so they all referred patients to us. so they all referred patients to us. so they all referred patients to us. so they all referred patients to us. We got very busy. We got very busy. We got very busy. We got very busy. I I I I thought that the ICU thought that the ICU thought that the ICU thought that the ICU was making money for them. was making money for them. was making money for them. was making money for them. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““I deserve a third person, two I deserve a third person, two I deserve a third person, two I deserve a third person, two fellows,fellows,fellows,fellows,” ” ” ” but but but but they wouldnthey wouldnthey wouldnthey wouldn’’’’t give it to me. t give it to me. t give it to me. t give it to me. And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““If I canIf I canIf I canIf I can’’’’t do my job, if I cannot t do my job, if I cannot t do my job, if I cannot t do my job, if I cannot provide provide provide provide my patient care, Imy patient care, Imy patient care, Imy patient care, I’’’’m not going to stay here. m not going to stay here. m not going to stay here. m not going to stay here. ItItItIt’’’’s not fair to the s not fair to the s not fair to the s not fair to the patients. patients. patients. patients. Go find somebody Go find somebody Go find somebody Go find somebody else.else.else.else.” ” ” ” Well, they thought I was making a threat, Well, they thought I was making a threat, Well, they thought I was making a threat, Well, they thought I was making a threat, but I wasnbut I wasnbut I wasnbut I wasn’’’’t. t. t. t. It just happened that Leo [Stern] It just happened that Leo [Stern] It just happened that Leo [Stern] It just happened that Leo [Stern] came by one day and visited came by one day and visited came by one day and visited came by one day and visited with us, and he was talking about this place. with us, and he was talking about this place. with us, and he was talking about this place. with us, and he was talking about this place. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Come to Come to Come to Come to the east coast. the east coast. the east coast. the east coast. You can develop a program the way you wanted it.You can develop a program the way you wanted it.You can develop a program the way you wanted it.You can develop a program the way you wanted it.” ” ” ” So I came over.So I came over.So I came over.So I came over.

My My My My first visit to Providence was in 1972. first visit to Providence was in 1972. first visit to Providence was in 1972. first visit to Providence was in 1972. I came alone. I came alone. I came alone. I came alone. They showed it to me. They showed it to me. They showed it to me. They showed it to me. Brown Brown Brown Brown [University] had just started the medical school [Brown Alpert Medical [University] had just started the medical school [Brown Alpert Medical [University] had just started the medical school [Brown Alpert Medical [University] had just started the medical school [Brown Alpert Medical School], and all School], and all School], and all School], and all chairmen of the clinical department had to be fullchairmen of the clinical department had to be fullchairmen of the clinical department had to be fullchairmen of the clinical department had to be full---- time time time time chairmen, not voluntary ones. chairmen, not voluntary ones. chairmen, not voluntary ones. chairmen, not voluntary ones. They They They They used to have voluntary pediatrics with a used to have voluntary pediatrics with a used to have voluntary pediatrics with a used to have voluntary pediatrics with a voluntary staff as chairmen.voluntary staff as chairmen.voluntary staff as chairmen.voluntary staff as chairmen.

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DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They recruited Leo to come here in 1973, They recruited Leo to come here in 1973, They recruited Leo to come here in 1973, They recruited Leo to come here in 1973, to be the first fullto be the first fullto be the first fullto be the first full----time chairman, and I time chairman, and I time chairman, and I time chairman, and I was the first fullwas the first fullwas the first fullwas the first full----time person he was time person he was time person he was time person he was trying to recruit, because he needed a neonatology trying to recruit, because he needed a neonatology trying to recruit, because he needed a neonatology trying to recruit, because he needed a neonatology program. program. program. program. Anyway, in 1973, I Anyway, in 1973, I Anyway, in 1973, I Anyway, in 1973, I came to visit. came to visit. came to visit. came to visit. It was very small. It was very small. It was very small. It was very small. Providence was not like it is Providence was not like it is Providence was not like it is Providence was not like it is today. today. today. today. It was It was It was It was very provincial, tiny. very provincial, tiny. very provincial, tiny. very provincial, tiny. In fact, the night I came in, I stayed at the In fact, the night I came in, I stayed at the In fact, the night I came in, I stayed at the In fact, the night I came in, I stayed at the [Providence] [Providence] [Providence] [Providence] Biltmore Hotel, which was being closed down. There were a few rooms Biltmore Hotel, which was being closed down. There were a few rooms Biltmore Hotel, which was being closed down. There were a few rooms Biltmore Hotel, which was being closed down. There were a few rooms left.left.left.left.

I was trying to find a place to eat, and I couldnI was trying to find a place to eat, and I couldnI was trying to find a place to eat, and I couldnI was trying to find a place to eat, and I couldn’’’’t find t find t find t find a place to eat for dinner. a place to eat for dinner. a place to eat for dinner. a place to eat for dinner. Anyway, I saw Anyway, I saw Anyway, I saw Anyway, I saw this place. this place. this place. this place. It had a lyingIt had a lyingIt had a lyingIt had a lying----in in in in hospital with 5,000 deliveries a year. hospital with 5,000 deliveries a year. hospital with 5,000 deliveries a year. hospital with 5,000 deliveries a year. That was it. That was it. That was it. That was it. It was a freeIt was a freeIt was a freeIt was a free----standing standing standing standing lyinglyinglyinglying----in hospital about four miles from the main hospital, the Rhode Island in hospital about four miles from the main hospital, the Rhode Island in hospital about four miles from the main hospital, the Rhode Island in hospital about four miles from the main hospital, the Rhode Island Hospital, Hospital, Hospital, Hospital, with 5,000 deliveries with a staff of 60 or 70 voluntary obstetricians with 5,000 deliveries with a staff of 60 or 70 voluntary obstetricians with 5,000 deliveries with a staff of 60 or 70 voluntary obstetricians with 5,000 deliveries with a staff of 60 or 70 voluntary obstetricians and gynecologists. And and gynecologists. And and gynecologists. And and gynecologists. And so I looked at this place. so I looked at this place. so I looked at this place. so I looked at this place. They had a premature nursery They had a premature nursery They had a premature nursery They had a premature nursery with Armstrongs. with Armstrongs. with Armstrongs. with Armstrongs. Do you remember Do you remember Do you remember Do you remember the Armstrong incubator?the Armstrong incubator?the Armstrong incubator?the Armstrong incubator?

DR. GARTNER: Oh, yes, the Armstrong incubator.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Six of them. Six of them. Six of them. Six of them. Boston ChildrenBoston ChildrenBoston ChildrenBoston Children’’’’s already had a program, with Clement [A.] Smith s already had a program, with Clement [A.] Smith s already had a program, with Clement [A.] Smith s already had a program, with Clement [A.] Smith running it. running it. running it. running it. I think he was the father of neonatology.I think he was the father of neonatology.I think he was the father of neonatology.I think he was the father of neonatology.

They had They had They had They had an ICU up there, so we sent all our sick kids over there. an ICU up there, so we sent all our sick kids over there. an ICU up there, so we sent all our sick kids over there. an ICU up there, so we sent all our sick kids over there. Anyway, I saw the Anyway, I saw the Anyway, I saw the Anyway, I saw the opportunity. opportunity. opportunity. opportunity. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““This is a great place to build a program. This is a great place to build a program. This is a great place to build a program. This is a great place to build a program. You cannot go You cannot go You cannot go You cannot go wrong. wrong. wrong. wrong. You can You can You can You can only go up. only go up. only go up. only go up. You canYou canYou canYou can’’’’t go down, theret go down, theret go down, theret go down, there’’’’s nothing.s nothing.s nothing.s nothing.””””

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And Leo And Leo And Leo And Leo was good recruiter.was good recruiter.was good recruiter.was good recruiter.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He wined and dined me, and he took me to the airport and all that. He wined and dined me, and he took me to the airport and all that. He wined and dined me, and he took me to the airport and all that. He wined and dined me, and he took me to the airport and all that. So I came back a So I came back a So I came back a So I came back a second time, and by that time I had gone back to Joe again. second time, and by that time I had gone back to Joe again. second time, and by that time I had gone back to Joe again. second time, and by that time I had gone back to Joe again. I I I I said, said, said, said, ““““Joe, you have to help me. Joe, you have to help me. Joe, you have to help me. Joe, you have to help me. Give me a third person. Give me a third person. Give me a third person. Give me a third person. I have to go. I have to go. I have to go. I have to go. I I I I cancancancan’’’’t do this to the patients.t do this to the patients.t do this to the patients.t do this to the patients.” ” ” ” He was having trouble He was having trouble He was having trouble He was having trouble with the budget and all, with the budget and all, with the budget and all, with the budget and all, just like Metcoff. just like Metcoff. just like Metcoff. just like Metcoff. They were all same. They were all same. They were all same. They were all same. I had the same problem here, I had the same problem here, I had the same problem here, I had the same problem here, you you you you know.know.know.know.

DR. GARTNER: We all have that problem.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: We all have the same problem. We all have the same problem. We all have the same problem. We all have the same problem. So I finally decided to So I finally decided to So I finally decided to So I finally decided to come here, mainly because of come here, mainly because of come here, mainly because of come here, mainly because of the attraction of being able to build the program. the attraction of being able to build the program. the attraction of being able to build the program. the attraction of being able to build the program. Essentially, there was nothing.Essentially, there was nothing.Essentially, there was nothing.Essentially, there was nothing.

DR. GARTNER: And you came here when, 1973?


DR. GARTNER: 1974.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And IAnd IAnd IAnd I’’’’ve been here ever ve been here ever ve been here ever ve been here ever since. since. since. since. We bought this house. We bought this house. We bought this house. We bought this house. It was a waterfront house, but It was a waterfront house, but It was a waterfront house, but It was a waterfront house, but this is all a new this is all a new this is all a new this is all a new addition. addition. addition. addition. Anyway, again as IAnyway, again as IAnyway, again as IAnyway, again as I

said earlier, I was a firm said earlier, I was a firm said earlier, I was a firm said earlier, I was a firm believer in regionalization. believer in regionalization. believer in regionalization. believer in regionalization. First, I assessed the demographics to see First, I assessed the demographics to see First, I assessed the demographics to see First, I assessed the demographics to see how many how many how many how many live births might potentially be out there as a catchment area. live births might potentially be out there as a catchment area. live births might potentially be out there as a catchment area. live births might potentially be out there as a catchment area. The plan of The plan of The plan of The plan of building building building building the NICU [neonatal intensive care unit] was based on the demographics. the NICU [neonatal intensive care unit] was based on the demographics. the NICU [neonatal intensive care unit] was based on the demographics. the NICU [neonatal intensive care unit] was based on the demographics. I made sure of I made sure of I made sure of I made sure of population in terms of potential number of highpopulation in terms of potential number of highpopulation in terms of potential number of highpopulation in terms of potential number of high----risk pregnancies, risk pregnancies, risk pregnancies, risk pregnancies, etcetera, and I did a lot ofetcetera, and I did a lot ofetcetera, and I did a lot ofetcetera, and I did a lot of

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research on that by looking over research on that by looking over research on that by looking over research on that by looking over health department records. health department records. health department records. health department records. I also knew that in order to be I also knew that in order to be I also knew that in order to be I also knew that in order to be successful, I needed successful, I needed successful, I needed successful, I needed to have the practitioners on my side, so I spent the first year driving to have the practitioners on my side, so I spent the first year driving to have the practitioners on my side, so I spent the first year driving to have the practitioners on my side, so I spent the first year driving around around around around the state and southeastern Massachusetts all the way to the cape. the state and southeastern Massachusetts all the way to the cape. the state and southeastern Massachusetts all the way to the cape. the state and southeastern Massachusetts all the way to the cape. I would call I would call I would call I would call them them them them and invite myself to the pediatric departmentsand invite myself to the pediatric departmentsand invite myself to the pediatric departmentsand invite myself to the pediatric departments’ ’ ’ ’ staff meetings. staff meetings. staff meetings. staff meetings. I would I would I would I would call socall socall socall so----andandandand----so and say, so and say, so and say, so and say, ““““Hey, who is your chief of pediatrics?Hey, who is your chief of pediatrics?Hey, who is your chief of pediatrics?Hey, who is your chief of pediatrics?” ” ” ” They would give They would give They would give They would give me the name and I would call their me the name and I would call their me the name and I would call their me the name and I would call their office. office. office. office. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““SoSoSoSo----andandandand----so, Iso, Iso, Iso, I’’’’m som som som so----andandandand----so, so, so, so, and Iand Iand Iand I’’’’d like to come out and talk to you about our d like to come out and talk to you about our d like to come out and talk to you about our d like to come out and talk to you about our program.program.program.program.” ” ” ” I was successfully I was successfully I was successfully I was successfully doing it. doing it. doing it. doing it. You know, itYou know, itYou know, itYou know, it’’’’s a what do you call it? s a what do you call it? s a what do you call it? s a what do you call it? A horse and buggy A horse and buggy A horse and buggy A horse and buggy show show show show ————

DR. GARTNER: Yes, right.

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ———— to sell the program. to sell the program. to sell the program. to sell the program. In the first year, I must have In the first year, I must have In the first year, I must have In the first year, I must have logged about 30,000 miles on my logged about 30,000 miles on my logged about 30,000 miles on my logged about 30,000 miles on my car.car.car.car.

DR. GARTNER: Whew!

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In a small state like this. In a small state like this. In a small state like this. In a small state like this. Because every Because every Because every Because every week I was out there talking to people. week I was out there talking to people. week I was out there talking to people. week I was out there talking to people. It got It got It got It got to the point that they thought I to the point that they thought I to the point that they thought I to the point that they thought I was an obstetrician. was an obstetrician. was an obstetrician. was an obstetrician. They would refer pregnant women to me.They would refer pregnant women to me.They would refer pregnant women to me.They would refer pregnant women to me.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They didnThey didnThey didnThey didn’’’’t know I t know I t know I t know I was a pediatrician. was a pediatrician. was a pediatrician. was a pediatrician. Anyway, I built an ICU. Anyway, I built an ICU. Anyway, I built an ICU. Anyway, I built an ICU. I had four fellows I I had four fellows I I had four fellows I I had four fellows I recruited. recruited. recruited. recruited. Bill [William Joseph] Cashore was one of them, Richard [M.] Cowett and David Bill [William Joseph] Cashore was one of them, Richard [M.] Cowett and David Bill [William Joseph] Cashore was one of them, Richard [M.] Cowett and David Bill [William Joseph] Cashore was one of them, Richard [M.] Cowett and David [O.] [O.] [O.] [O.] Hakanson, who passed away, and someone by the name of Ed [Edward H.] Hakanson, who passed away, and someone by the name of Ed [Edward H.] Hakanson, who passed away, and someone by the name of Ed [Edward H.] Hakanson, who passed away, and someone by the name of Ed [Edward H.] Karotkin, who was Karotkin, who was Karotkin, who was Karotkin, who was the director of Eastern Virginia Medical School. the director of Eastern Virginia Medical School. the director of Eastern Virginia Medical School. the director of Eastern Virginia Medical School. So the four So the four So the four So the four fellows and I, essentially, started fellows and I, essentially, started fellows and I, essentially, started fellows and I, essentially, started the program. the program. the program. the program. There was a pediatrician by There was a pediatrician by There was a pediatrician by There was a pediatrician by the name of Normand Gauvin, a practicing the name of Normand Gauvin, a practicing the name of Normand Gauvin, a practicing the name of Normand Gauvin, a practicing pediatrician, just like Kunstadter or pediatrician, just like Kunstadter or pediatrician, just like Kunstadter or pediatrician, just like Kunstadter or Bob [Reuben] Klein, a practitioner interested in the Bob [Reuben] Klein, a practitioner interested in the Bob [Reuben] Klein, a practitioner interested in the Bob [Reuben] Klein, a practitioner interested in the newborn. newborn. newborn. newborn. He came in and He came in and He came in and He came in and helped us. helped us. helped us. helped us. He built a ventilator. He built a ventilator. He built a ventilator. He built a ventilator. He built all kind of things for us. He built all kind of things for us. He built all kind of things for us. He built all kind of things for us. He He He He was was was was very good at that, with his hands, building things. very good at that, with his hands, building things. very good at that, with his hands, building things. very good at that, with his hands, building things. In fact, he had a little In fact, he had a little In fact, he had a little In fact, he had a little room next to my room next to my room next to my room next to my office that he built for his things, and we called it Normoffice that he built for his things, and we called it Normoffice that he built for his things, and we called it Normoffice that he built for his things, and we called it Norm’’’’s s s s garage, after Normandgarage, after Normandgarage, after Normandgarage, after Normand’’’’s garage. s garage. s garage. s garage. So So So So thatthatthatthat’’’’s how we got started. s how we got started. s how we got started. s how we got started. I had a full I had a full I had a full I had a full program going in about three, four, five years. program going in about three, four, five years. program going in about three, four, five years. program going in about three, four, five years. I I I I mentioned that you have mentioned that you have mentioned that you have mentioned that you have totototo

have an ongoing assessment, so I, essentially, had a have an ongoing assessment, so I, essentially, had a have an ongoing assessment, so I, essentially, had a have an ongoing assessment, so I, essentially, had a fivefivefivefive----year plan. year plan. year plan. year plan. Every five years I have a Every five years I have a Every five years I have a Every five years I have a plan on what to do for the next five plan on what to do for the next five plan on what to do for the next five plan on what to do for the next five years. years. years. years. After five years, I got the program all set. After five years, I got the program all set. After five years, I got the program all set. After five years, I got the program all set. I had a I had a I had a I had a lot of referrals lot of referrals lot of referrals lot of referrals to me. to me. to me. to me. They were starting to recruit a fullThey were starting to recruit a fullThey were starting to recruit a fullThey were starting to recruit a full----time obstetrician. time obstetrician. time obstetrician. time obstetrician. Karlis Adamson Karlis Adamson Karlis Adamson Karlis Adamson came on board.came on board.came on board.came on board.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But the major deficit was that it was a freeBut the major deficit was that it was a freeBut the major deficit was that it was a freeBut the major deficit was that it was a free----standing hospital. standing hospital. standing hospital. standing hospital. Every time we needed Every time we needed Every time we needed Every time we needed a surgeon, a hematologist, we had to call the Rhode Island a surgeon, a hematologist, we had to call the Rhode Island a surgeon, a hematologist, we had to call the Rhode Island a surgeon, a hematologist, we had to call the Rhode Island Hospital to send somebody over. Hospital to send somebody over. Hospital to send somebody over. Hospital to send somebody over. They would get in a car and come over, park the They would get in a car and come over, park the They would get in a car and come over, park the They would get in a car and come over, park the car, and come in. car, and come in. car, and come in. car, and come in. Then when we had a sick Then when we had a sick Then when we had a sick Then when we had a sick baby we had to move the baby to Rhode baby we had to move the baby to Rhode baby we had to move the baby to Rhode baby we had to move the baby to Rhode Island Hospital for surgery. Island Hospital for surgery. Island Hospital for surgery. Island Hospital for surgery. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t have any t have any t have any t have any facility there. facility there. facility there. facility there. Anyway, it got Anyway, it got Anyway, it got Anyway, it got to the point that I said, to the point that I said, to the point that I said, to the point that I said, ““““In order for this to become a firstIn order for this to become a firstIn order for this to become a firstIn order for this to become a first----rate rate rate rate NICU, I need NICU, I need NICU, I need NICU, I need to have this place moved to the main campus.to have this place moved to the main campus.to have this place moved to the main campus.to have this place moved to the main campus.” ” ” ” So I went to my administrator and So I went to my administrator and So I went to my administrator and So I went to my administrator and told him that. told him that. told him that. told him that. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Yes, that makes sense.Yes, that makes sense.Yes, that makes sense.Yes, that makes sense.” ” ” ” So he and I went to the So he and I went to the So he and I went to the So he and I went to the trustees, and they trustees, and they trustees, and they trustees, and they also agreed that that made sense. also agreed that that made sense. also agreed that that made sense. also agreed that that made sense. But the people who didnBut the people who didnBut the people who didnBut the people who didn’’’’t t t t want it were the practicing want it were the practicing want it were the practicing want it were the practicing obstetricians, because they had it made. obstetricians, because they had it made. obstetricians, because they had it made. obstetricians, because they had it made. They had They had They had They had all their offices around the lyingall their offices around the lyingall their offices around the lyingall their offices around the lying----in in in in hospital, and it was very convenient for hospital, and it was very convenient for hospital, and it was very convenient for hospital, and it was very convenient for them to get in and out, to deliver a baby and go back them to get in and out, to deliver a baby and go back them to get in and out, to deliver a baby and go back them to get in and out, to deliver a baby and go back to the office. to the office. to the office. to the office. They put They put They put They put up a big fight, to the point that they almost fired me. up a big fight, to the point that they almost fired me. up a big fight, to the point that they almost fired me. up a big fight, to the point that they almost fired me. But the trustees But the trustees But the trustees But the trustees were were were were behind me, and they said, behind me, and they said, behind me, and they said, behind me, and they said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s move.s move.s move.s move.” ” ” ” So in 1986, we moved to this new So in 1986, we moved to this new So in 1986, we moved to this new So in 1986, we moved to this new hospital hospital hospital hospital Women and InfantsWomen and InfantsWomen and InfantsWomen and Infants

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right connected right connected right connected right connected to the main campus. to the main campus. to the main campus. to the main campus. And the program really grew after that. And the program really grew after that. And the program really grew after that. And the program really grew after that. It went from It went from It went from It went from 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 to 10,000 deliveries. to 10,000 deliveries. to 10,000 deliveries. to 10,000 deliveries. A NICU was built for 30 beds, and now we average between A NICU was built for 30 beds, and now we average between A NICU was built for 30 beds, and now we average between A NICU was built for 30 beds, and now we average between 60 or 60 or 60 or 60 or 70 babies. Now it has gotten to the point that they have a new 70 babies. Now it has gotten to the point that they have a new 70 babies. Now it has gotten to the point that they have a new 70 babies. Now it has gotten to the point that they have a new building.building.building.building.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Next door to the current unit, with singleNext door to the current unit, with singleNext door to the current unit, with singleNext door to the current unit, with single----room units. Itroom units. Itroom units. Itroom units. It’’’’s a s a s a s a beautiful $60 million beautiful $60 million beautiful $60 million beautiful $60 million project.project.project.project.

DR. GARTNER: This is for obstetric patients?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: NICU.NICU.NICU.NICU.

DR. GARTNER: NICU.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And some obstetric And some obstetric And some obstetric And some obstetric patients. patients. patients. patients. DR. GARTNER: But it’s mainly for the NICU? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: For For For For NICU, yes.NICU, yes.NICU, yes.NICU, yes.

DR. GARTNER: Tell us about it. What is the new unit going to look like?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s an addition to the old unit, to the old s an addition to the old unit, to the old s an addition to the old unit, to the old s an addition to the old unit, to the old hospital.hospital.hospital.hospital.

DR. GARTNER: So it’s an expansion.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Yes, and itYes, and itYes, and itYes, and it’’’’s a fives a fives a fives a five----story building. story building. story building. story building. The first floor is The first floor is The first floor is The first floor is all shops and stuff like that, and all shops and stuff like that, and all shops and stuff like that, and all shops and stuff like that, and the administrative office. the administrative office. the administrative office. the administrative office. The second and The second and The second and The second and third floors are the NICU, the fourth floor is third floors are the NICU, the fourth floor is third floors are the NICU, the fourth floor is third floors are the NICU, the fourth floor is mechanical, and the fifth floor mechanical, and the fifth floor mechanical, and the fifth floor mechanical, and the fifth floor is OB/GYN [obstetrics/gynecology] beds. is OB/GYN [obstetrics/gynecology] beds. is OB/GYN [obstetrics/gynecology] beds. is OB/GYN [obstetrics/gynecology] beds. ItItItIt’’’’s a very nice s a very nice s a very nice s a very nice building. building. building. building. All the All the All the All the patient rooms are single rooms.patient rooms are single rooms.patient rooms are single rooms.patient rooms are single rooms.

DR. GARTNER: Single rooms for the preemies, for the NICU? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: For preemies, so their For preemies, so their For preemies, so their For preemies, so their parents can sleep in. parents can sleep in. parents can sleep in. parents can sleep in. DR. GARTNER: Oh, very nice.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a very parents a very parents a very parents a very parent----oriented facility. oriented facility. oriented facility. oriented facility. ItItItIt’’’’s going to open ins going to open ins going to open ins going to open in

October of 2009.October of 2009.October of 2009.October of 2009.

DR. GARTNER: Does having the single room increase the nursing demands?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It probably will. It probably will. It probably will. It probably will. TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re trying to work out the details on how to maintain re trying to work out the details on how to maintain re trying to work out the details on how to maintain re trying to work out the details on how to maintain communication. communication. communication. communication. TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re also in the process of converting everything into electronic medical re also in the process of converting everything into electronic medical re also in the process of converting everything into electronic medical re also in the process of converting everything into electronic medical records. records. records. records. I kept telling Jim [James Frederick Padbury], once they have that, II kept telling Jim [James Frederick Padbury], once they have that, II kept telling Jim [James Frederick Padbury], once they have that, II kept telling Jim [James Frederick Padbury], once they have that, I’’’’m m m m going to quit.going to quit.going to quit.going to quit.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I can do computer, although itI can do computer, although itI can do computer, although itI can do computer, although it’’’’s very difficult for me to. Right s very difficult for me to. Right s very difficult for me to. Right s very difficult for me to. Right now Inow Inow Inow I’’’’m on service, or, m on service, or, m on service, or, m on service, or, rather, I just got off service this month. rather, I just got off service this month. rather, I just got off service this month. rather, I just got off service this month. WhenWhenWhenWhen

I am on service, my routine is I get in at, like, 7:00 in the I am on service, my routine is I get in at, like, 7:00 in the I am on service, my routine is I get in at, like, 7:00 in the I am on service, my routine is I get in at, like, 7:00 in the morning. morning. morning. morning. Rounds start at 8:00 a.m. Rounds start at 8:00 a.m. Rounds start at 8:00 a.m. Rounds start at 8:00 a.m. For one hour, I go through every baby under For one hour, I go through every baby under For one hour, I go through every baby under For one hour, I go through every baby under my service, look at their nursing notes, looking my service, look at their nursing notes, looking my service, look at their nursing notes, looking my service, look at their nursing notes, looking at the babies. at the babies. at the babies. at the babies. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s all s all s all s all going to be gone. Itgoing to be gone. Itgoing to be gone. Itgoing to be gone. It’’’’s all electronic, the computer. s all electronic, the computer. s all electronic, the computer. s all electronic, the computer. They say, They say, They say, They say, ““““You can You can You can You can look at look at look at look at those computer records at home. those computer records at home. those computer records at home. those computer records at home. You donYou donYou donYou don’’’’t have to come in at 7:00 t have to come in at 7:00 t have to come in at 7:00 t have to come in at 7:00 a.m.a.m.a.m.a.m.””””


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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I say, I say, I say, I say, ““““The problem is I donThe problem is I donThe problem is I donThe problem is I don’’’’t have the baby to look at.t have the baby to look at.t have the baby to look at.t have the baby to look at.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You need to see the You need to see the You need to see the You need to see the baby.baby.baby.baby.

DR. GARTNER: Absolutely.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the one that you will not have in the room.s the one that you will not have in the room.s the one that you will not have in the room.s the one that you will not have in the room.

DR. GARTNER: Certainly.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You donYou donYou donYou don’’’’t want to miss t want to miss t want to miss t want to miss that. that. that. that. But, you know, you have to go with the age, right? But, you know, you have to go with the age, right? But, you know, you have to go with the age, right? But, you know, you have to go with the age, right? ThatThatThatThat’’’’s s s s the way things the way things the way things the way things go.go.go.go.

DR. GARTNER: Things change.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Things have changed, and we have to go with the wave.Things have changed, and we have to go with the wave.Things have changed, and we have to go with the wave.Things have changed, and we have to go with the wave.

DR. GARTNER: Will all of the NICU be in the new building, then?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. GARTNER: The whole thing is moving?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. I think the old NICU I think the old NICU I think the old NICU I think the old NICU will be converted to something else. will be converted to something else. will be converted to something else. will be converted to something else. I have no idea what it I have no idea what it I have no idea what it I have no idea what it is. is. is. is. One nice thing One nice thing One nice thing One nice thing about not being involved in the leadership position is that you donabout not being involved in the leadership position is that you donabout not being involved in the leadership position is that you donabout not being involved in the leadership position is that you don’’’’t have to t have to t have to t have to have all thosehave all thosehave all thosehave all those

31

headaches. headaches. headaches. headaches. Jim Padbury is Jim Padbury is Jim Padbury is Jim Padbury is doing a very good job in running the place. doing a very good job in running the place. doing a very good job in running the place. doing a very good job in running the place. HeHeHeHe’’’’s a good leader.s a good leader.s a good leader.s a good leader.

DR. GARTNER: Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: HeHeHeHe’’’’s moving s moving s moving s moving this thing forward. this thing forward. this thing forward. this thing forward. HeHeHeHe’’’’s a good fundraiser.s a good fundraiser.s a good fundraiser.s a good fundraiser.

DR. GARTNER: Before we forget, let’s go back to the children, because when we went to California, we were going to talk about the children.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.

DR. GARTNER: So we have to finish that.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Before I finish the career section, I need to mention Before I finish the career section, I need to mention Before I finish the career section, I need to mention Before I finish the career section, I need to mention something that I think is very something that I think is very something that I think is very something that I think is very important for me to say.important for me to say.important for me to say.important for me to say.

DR. GARTNER: Okay.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That is that after all those That is that after all those That is that after all those That is that after all those years, Mary and I felt very, very grateful to the institution. years, Mary and I felt very, very grateful to the institution. years, Mary and I felt very, very grateful to the institution. years, Mary and I felt very, very grateful to the institution. I mean, weI mean, weI mean, weI mean, we’’’’re re re re here 35 years. here 35 years. here 35 years. here 35 years. So one day weSo one day weSo one day weSo one day we’’’’re sitting down, and actually there was a very re sitting down, and actually there was a very re sitting down, and actually there was a very re sitting down, and actually there was a very generous donor who wanted to give about $1 or $2 million more for a program. generous donor who wanted to give about $1 or $2 million more for a program. generous donor who wanted to give about $1 or $2 million more for a program. generous donor who wanted to give about $1 or $2 million more for a program. They came to They came to They came to They came to pediatrics first and said, pediatrics first and said, pediatrics first and said, pediatrics first and said, ““““Do you want this money?Do you want this money?Do you want this money?Do you want this money?” ” ” ” Of course, Of course, Of course, Of course, the administrator said, the administrator said, the administrator said, the administrator said, ““““Of Of Of Of course we want the money, but the problem is, we can course we want the money, but the problem is, we can course we want the money, but the problem is, we can course we want the money, but the problem is, we can only provide half of what a only provide half of what a only provide half of what a only provide half of what a professorship at Brown asks for, and that isprofessorship at Brown asks for, and that isprofessorship at Brown asks for, and that isprofessorship at Brown asks for, and that is

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$2.5 million.$2.5 million.$2.5 million.$2.5 million.” ” ” ” You have to have a matching fund.You have to have a matching fund.You have to have a matching fund.You have to have a matching fund.

DR. GARTNER: For a chair.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. So the So the So the So the administrator came to me. administrator came to me. administrator came to me. administrator came to me. I was the chief then. I was the chief then. I was the chief then. I was the chief then. He said He said He said He said ““““Bill, what can Bill, what can Bill, what can Bill, what can we do we do we do we do about this? about this? about this? about this? I hate to see this money go somewhere else.I hate to see this money go somewhere else.I hate to see this money go somewhere else.I hate to see this money go somewhere else.” ” ” ” So I came home and So I came home and So I came home and So I came home and talked to talked to talked to talked to Mary, and she said, Mary, and she said, Mary, and she said, Mary, and she said, ““““Why donWhy donWhy donWhy don’’’’t we match with them?t we match with them?t we match with them?t we match with them?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Mary, I Mary, I Mary, I Mary, I dondondondon’’’’t have that money.t have that money.t have that money.t have that money.” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““You could share with some of the You could share with some of the You could share with some of the You could share with some of the pediatricians or with former fellows, et cetera.pediatricians or with former fellows, et cetera.pediatricians or with former fellows, et cetera.pediatricians or with former fellows, et cetera.” ” ” ” So I said, So I said, So I said, So I said, ““““That sounds like That sounds like That sounds like That sounds like a good idea.a good idea.a good idea.a good idea.” ” ” ” We feel very grateful to the institution. We feel very grateful to the institution. We feel very grateful to the institution. We feel very grateful to the institution. So I went So I went So I went So I went back to him back to him back to him back to him and said, and said, and said, and said, ““““I will match with some ofI will match with some ofI will match with some ofI will match with some of

my funds. my funds. my funds. my funds. Not the whole Not the whole Not the whole Not the whole thing, because I donthing, because I donthing, because I donthing, because I don’’’’t have $1.5 million to match them. t have $1.5 million to match them. t have $1.5 million to match them. t have $1.5 million to match them. But I will go But I will go But I will go But I will go out and out and out and out and solicit funds from my former fellows, my former residents and my pediatric solicit funds from my former fellows, my former residents and my pediatric solicit funds from my former fellows, my former residents and my pediatric solicit funds from my former fellows, my former residents and my pediatric colleagues, et cetera.colleagues, et cetera.colleagues, et cetera.colleagues, et cetera.” ” ” ” So we did that, and we got the professorship So we did that, and we got the professorship So we did that, and we got the professorship So we did that, and we got the professorship established. established. established. established. ItItItIt’’’’s called s called s called s called The William and Mary OhThe William and Mary OhThe William and Mary OhThe William and Mary Oh----William and Elsa Zopfi William and Elsa Zopfi William and Elsa Zopfi William and Elsa Zopfi Professorship in Pediatrics [for Perinatal Professorship in Pediatrics [for Perinatal Professorship in Pediatrics [for Perinatal Professorship in Pediatrics [for Perinatal Research].Research].Research].Research].

DR. GARTNER: That’s very nice. That’s wonderful.

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I have to put in a recognition.I have to put in a recognition.I have to put in a recognition.I have to put in a recognition.

DR. GARTNER: Well, yes, absolutely.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And itAnd itAnd itAnd it’’’’s for s for s for s for perinatal research. perinatal research. perinatal research. perinatal research. And guess who is the first chair, endowed chair. And guess who is the first chair, endowed chair. And guess who is the first chair, endowed chair. And guess who is the first chair, endowed chair. It is It is It is It is Jim Jim Jim Jim Padbury.Padbury.Padbury.Padbury.

DR. GARTNER: Oh!

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They have a separate committee to select the recipient.They have a separate committee to select the recipient.They have a separate committee to select the recipient.They have a separate committee to select the recipient.

I I I I have nothing to do with it. have nothing to do with it. have nothing to do with it. have nothing to do with it. I stay away from the selection, and they I stay away from the selection, and they I stay away from the selection, and they I stay away from the selection, and they selectedselectedselectedselected

Jim as the first professor.Jim as the first professor.Jim as the first professor.Jim as the first professor.

DR. GARTNER: That’s very nice.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’m very happy m very happy m very happy m very happy with that. with that. with that. with that. I think he did a good job. I think he did a good job. I think he did a good job. I think he did a good job. Do you know that he was my Do you know that he was my Do you know that he was my Do you know that he was my medical medical medical medical student at UCLA?student at UCLA?student at UCLA?student at UCLA?

DR. GARTNER: No. Oh, really?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: HeHeHeHe’’’’s still talking about it all the time.s still talking about it all the time.s still talking about it all the time.s still talking about it all the time.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We make We make We make We make rounds, and he comes in, and he says, rounds, and he comes in, and he says, rounds, and he comes in, and he says, rounds, and he comes in, and he says, ““““Hi,Hi,Hi,Hi,” ” ” ” and tells the other residents, and tells the other residents, and tells the other residents, and tells the other residents, ““““Now, Now, Now, Now, pay respect to this guy, because he was my professor when I was a medical pay respect to this guy, because he was my professor when I was a medical pay respect to this guy, because he was my professor when I was a medical pay respect to this guy, because he was my professor when I was a medical student.student.student.student.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re so funny.re so funny.re so funny.re so funny.

DR. GARTNER: That’s very nice that you have that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Anyway, my Anyway, my Anyway, my Anyway, my children.children.children.children.

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DR. GARTNER: Children. Let’s hear about it.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So Kenny was born in Chicago. So Kenny was born in Chicago. So Kenny was born in Chicago. So Kenny was born in Chicago. Then we moved here when he Then we moved here when he Then we moved here when he Then we moved here when he was about nine or ten. was about nine or ten. was about nine or ten. was about nine or ten. He went to high school here. He went to high school here. He went to high school here. He went to high school here. Actually, we sent him to a Actually, we sent him to a Actually, we sent him to a Actually, we sent him to a private school, Moses Brown, a very, private school, Moses Brown, a very, private school, Moses Brown, a very, private school, Moses Brown, a very, very wellvery wellvery wellvery well----known private school here. known private school here. known private school here. known private school here. Then Then Then Then went to Bates and came home. went to Bates and came home. went to Bates and came home. went to Bates and came home. He loved pets. He loved pets. He loved pets. He loved pets. I I I I remember when he was a kid, he remember when he was a kid, he remember when he was a kid, he remember when he was a kid, he had a passion. had a passion. had a passion. had a passion. When you have a passion for a certain thing, When you have a passion for a certain thing, When you have a passion for a certain thing, When you have a passion for a certain thing, thatthatthatthat’’’’s where you s where you s where you s where you go, you know.go, you know.go, you know.go, you know.

DR. GARTNER: Absolutely.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I never tell him what to do. I never tell him what to do. I never tell him what to do. I never tell him what to do. I always I always I always I always told him, told him, told him, told him, ““““You do whatever you like to do.You do whatever you like to do.You do whatever you like to do.You do whatever you like to do.” ” ” ” Same Same Same Same thing with my daughter, which thing with my daughter, which thing with my daughter, which thing with my daughter, which IIII’’’’m going to talk about in a minute. m going to talk about in a minute. m going to talk about in a minute. m going to talk about in a minute. So he went into the pet So he went into the pet So he went into the pet So he went into the pet business, and hebusiness, and hebusiness, and hebusiness, and he’’’’s s s s now a very successful senior vice president of marketing for a pet now a very successful senior vice president of marketing for a pet now a very successful senior vice president of marketing for a pet now a very successful senior vice president of marketing for a pet company. company. company. company. ItItItIt’’’’s called JW Pet Company. s called JW Pet Company. s called JW Pet Company. s called JW Pet Company. ItItItIt’’’’s based in New Jersey. s based in New Jersey. s based in New Jersey. s based in New Jersey. HeHeHeHe’’’’s very s very s very s very successful.successful.successful.successful.

DR. GARTNER: He lives here in Rhode Island?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He lives here. He lives here. He lives here. He lives here. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the nice thing, s the nice thing, s the nice thing, s the nice thing, because he lives about 20 minutes away from us.because he lives about 20 minutes away from us.because he lives about 20 minutes away from us.because he lives about 20 minutes away from us.

DR. GARTNER: Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And we have four grandchildren And we have four grandchildren And we have four grandchildren And we have four grandchildren from him.from him.from him.from him.

DR. GARTNER: From him.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Very happy.Very happy.Very happy.Very happy.

DR. C. GARTNER: Bill, would you take that down and hold it so I can have the picture with you

and the photo.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Sure.Sure.Sure.Sure.

DR. C. GARTNER: If you don’t mind. So this picture is your grandchildren.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The The The The only problem is, I have Amyonly problem is, I have Amyonly problem is, I have Amyonly problem is, I have Amy’’’’s children that I have to show you.s children that I have to show you.s children that I have to show you.s children that I have to show you.

DR. GARTNER: We’ll talk about them also.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, thatYes, thatYes, thatYes, that’’’’s fine.s fine.s fine.s fine.

DR. C. GARTNER: And we’ll get pictures later.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: These are the twin boys. These are the twin boys. These are the twin boys. These are the twin boys. They were born in Indianapolis, because he had to move to They were born in Indianapolis, because he had to move to They were born in Indianapolis, because he had to move to They were born in Indianapolis, because he had to move to Indianapolis for a Indianapolis for a Indianapolis for a Indianapolis for a couple of years, for the company. couple of years, for the company. couple of years, for the company. couple of years, for the company. Jim [James] Lemons was the pediatrician Jim [James] Lemons was the pediatrician Jim [James] Lemons was the pediatrician Jim [James] Lemons was the pediatrician who who who who took care of them. took care of them. took care of them. took care of them. And these are the two girls. And these are the two girls. And these are the two girls. And these are the two girls. SheSheSheShe’’’’s now 19. s now 19. s now 19. s now 19. Can you believe Can you believe Can you believe Can you believe that?that?that?that?

DR. GARTNER: My goodness.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She just started her freshman year at Boston College.She just started her freshman year at Boston College.She just started her freshman year at Boston College.She just started her freshman year at Boston College.

DR. GARTNER: Very nice.

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DDDDRRRR.... OOOOHHHH:::: TTTThhhhiiiissss iiiissss tttthhhheeee sssseeeeccccoooonnnndddd ddddaaaauuuugggghhhhtttteeeerrrr,,,, wwwwhhhhoooo iiiissss aaaa vvvveeeerrrryyyy aaaaccccttttiiiivvvveeee ssssoooocccccccceeeerrrr ppppllllaaaayyyyeeeerrrr....

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DR. GARTNER: Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And the two And the two And the two And the two boys are about 11 or so, ten or 11.boys are about 11 or so, ten or 11.boys are about 11 or so, ten or 11.boys are about 11 or so, ten or 11.

DR. GARTNER: Great.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Red Sox fans.Red Sox fans.Red Sox fans.Red Sox fans.

DR. C. GARTNER: Thank you.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s my son. s my son. s my son. s my son. My My My My daughter, her name is Amy. daughter, her name is Amy. daughter, her name is Amy. daughter, her name is Amy. She also went to a private school She also went to a private school She also went to a private school She also went to a private school here, Lincoln here, Lincoln here, Lincoln here, Lincoln School, in town. School, in town. School, in town. School, in town. Then went to Dartmouth [College], and thatThen went to Dartmouth [College], and thatThen went to Dartmouth [College], and thatThen went to Dartmouth [College], and that’’’’s a funny s a funny s a funny s a funny experience also. experience also. experience also. experience also. I was the one driving them around for college hunting. I was the one driving them around for college hunting. I was the one driving them around for college hunting. I was the one driving them around for college hunting. Like, Like, Like, Like, this time of the this time of the this time of the this time of the year, in her junior year in high school, I drove her. year, in her junior year in high school, I drove her. year, in her junior year in high school, I drove her. year, in her junior year in high school, I drove her. I think I think I think I think she had already gone on the she had already gone on the she had already gone on the she had already gone on the Internet and gotten some information about different Internet and gotten some information about different Internet and gotten some information about different Internet and gotten some information about different schools. schools. schools. schools. So I said, So I said, So I said, So I said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s make a trip up s make a trip up s make a trip up s make a trip up to Vermont, to Dartmouth, New to Vermont, to Dartmouth, New to Vermont, to Dartmouth, New to Vermont, to Dartmouth, New Hampshire, and then [Mount] Holyoke [College], et cetera, Hampshire, and then [Mount] Holyoke [College], et cetera, Hampshire, and then [Mount] Holyoke [College], et cetera, Hampshire, and then [Mount] Holyoke [College], et cetera, make the rounds.make the rounds.make the rounds.make the rounds.” ” ” ” We We We We also had made rounds earlier to Philadelphia, three schools, Haverford also had made rounds earlier to Philadelphia, three schools, Haverford also had made rounds earlier to Philadelphia, three schools, Haverford also had made rounds earlier to Philadelphia, three schools, Haverford [College] [College] [College] [College] and Bryn Mawr [College], and whatand Bryn Mawr [College], and whatand Bryn Mawr [College], and whatand Bryn Mawr [College], and what’’’’s the third one? s the third one? s the third one? s the third one? There were three schools There were three schools There were three schools There were three schools that that that that she went into. she went into. she went into. she went into. She didnShe didnShe didnShe didn’’’’t like them. t like them. t like them. t like them. Anyway, there were three very good Anyway, there were three very good Anyway, there were three very good Anyway, there were three very good undergraduate undergraduate undergraduate undergraduate colleges that she went to visit, and she didncolleges that she went to visit, and she didncolleges that she went to visit, and she didncolleges that she went to visit, and she didn’’’’t like them. t like them. t like them. t like them. SoSoSoSo

we went on a trip to the New Hampshire area to visit we went on a trip to the New Hampshire area to visit we went on a trip to the New Hampshire area to visit we went on a trip to the New Hampshire area to visit Dartmouth. Dartmouth. Dartmouth. Dartmouth. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know if you have t know if you have t know if you have t know if you have been there or not.been there or not.been there or not.been there or not.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, years ago.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a beautiful s a beautiful s a beautiful s a beautiful town. town. town. town. So I parked my car, and I went out and got So I parked my car, and I went out and got So I parked my car, and I went out and got So I parked my car, and I went out and got [The] New York [The] New York [The] New York [The] New York

Times. Times. Times. Times. I donI donI donI don’’’’t like to walk with them. t like to walk with them. t like to walk with them. t like to walk with them. She jumped out and went on a tour. She jumped out and went on a tour. She jumped out and went on a tour. She jumped out and went on a tour. About About About About an hour later, an hour later, an hour later, an hour later, she came back. she came back. she came back. she came back. She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Okay, Dad, letOkay, Dad, letOkay, Dad, letOkay, Dad, let’’’’s go home.s go home.s go home.s go home.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““What do you mean? What do you mean? What do you mean? What do you mean? WeWeWeWe’’’’re going re going re going re going to Holyoke, right?to Holyoke, right?to Holyoke, right?to Holyoke, right?” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Oh, no, IOh, no, IOh, no, IOh, no, I’’’’m m m m going to apply here. going to apply here. going to apply here. going to apply here. Period.Period.Period.Period.””””

C. GARTNER and DR. GARTNER: [Laughter]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She loved it. She loved it. She loved it. She loved it. She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““This is it.This is it.This is it.This is it.””””

DR. GARTNER: Great.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She went for early action and didnShe went for early action and didnShe went for early action and didnShe went for early action and didn’’’’t apply anywhere else. t apply anywhere else. t apply anywhere else. t apply anywhere else. She was so She was so She was so She was so confident that confident that confident that confident that she would get in.she would get in.she would get in.she would get in.

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DR. GARTNER: Really? Good for her.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Anyway, she Anyway, she Anyway, she Anyway, she got in and had a very nice four years. got in and had a very nice four years. got in and had a very nice four years. got in and had a very nice four years. She loved that school. She loved that school. She loved that school. She loved that school. In fact, In fact, In fact, In fact, every every every every time she came home, when she was ready to go back, she would say, time she came home, when she was ready to go back, she would say, time she came home, when she was ready to go back, she would say, time she came home, when she was ready to go back, she would say, ““““Okay, I need Okay, I need Okay, I need Okay, I need to to to to go home now.go home now.go home now.go home now.” ” ” ” She considered Dartmouth as her home. [Laughs]She considered Dartmouth as her home. [Laughs]She considered Dartmouth as her home. [Laughs]She considered Dartmouth as her home. [Laughs]

DR. GARTNER: It’s a nice place.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I I I I looked at her and said, looked at her and said, looked at her and said, looked at her and said, ““““What do you mean youWhat do you mean youWhat do you mean youWhat do you mean you’’’’re going home?re going home?re going home?re going home?””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Home. Home. Home. Home. I I I I love it.love it.love it.love it.” ” ” ” So after Dartmouth, this was an experience, very So after Dartmouth, this was an experience, very So after Dartmouth, this was an experience, very So after Dartmouth, this was an experience, very iiiinnnntttteeeerrrreeeessssttttiiiinnnngggg,,,, aaaaccccttttuuuuaaaallllllllyyyy.... SSSShhhheeee ggggooootttt aaaacccccccceeeepppptttteeeedddd ttttoooo [[[[TTTThhhheeee]]]] GGGGeeeeoooorrrrggggeeee WWWWaaaasssshhhhiiiinnnnggggttttoooonnnn [[[[UUUUnnnniiiivvvveeeerrrrssssiiiittttyyyy SSSScccchhhhoooooooollll ooooffff

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Medicine and Health Sciences] for medical school, but one day she came home, Medicine and Health Sciences] for medical school, but one day she came home, Medicine and Health Sciences] for medical school, but one day she came home, Medicine and Health Sciences] for medical school, but one day she came home, like March, in like March, in like March, in like March, in the spring. I was doing some work, and she walked in, on a the spring. I was doing some work, and she walked in, on a the spring. I was doing some work, and she walked in, on a the spring. I was doing some work, and she walked in, on a weekend, and she said, weekend, and she said, weekend, and she said, weekend, and she said, ““““Dad, I Dad, I Dad, I Dad, I have got to tell you something.have got to tell you something.have got to tell you something.have got to tell you something.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““UhUhUhUh----oh. oh. oh. oh. What is it?What is it?What is it?What is it?” ” ” ” She said,She said,She said,She said,

““““Well, IWell, IWell, IWell, I’’’’ve decided to take off a ve decided to take off a ve decided to take off a ve decided to take off a year.year.year.year.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““What do you mean What do you mean What do you mean What do you mean ‘‘‘‘take off a yeartake off a yeartake off a yeartake off a year’’’’????” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Well, IWell, IWell, IWell, I’’’’ve ve ve ve been going to school since I was five. been going to school since I was five. been going to school since I was five. been going to school since I was five. I need a break.I need a break.I need a break.I need a break.” ” ” ” I guess it happens to I guess it happens to I guess it happens to I guess it happens to many many many many young people.young people.young people.young people.

DR. GARTNER: Students, yes.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, what about your medical school?Well, what about your medical school?Well, what about your medical school?Well, what about your medical school?” ” ” ” She She She She said, said, said, said, ““““Well, they promised me Well, they promised me Well, they promised me Well, they promised me that they will hold a spot for me until next that they will hold a spot for me until next that they will hold a spot for me until next that they will hold a spot for me until next year.year.year.year.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Oh, okay, thatOh, okay, thatOh, okay, thatOh, okay, that’’’’s good. s good. s good. s good. What are you What are you What are you What are you going to do for the year?going to do for the year?going to do for the year?going to do for the year?” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““IIII’’’’ll do something, Dad, donll do something, Dad, donll do something, Dad, donll do something, Dad, don’’’’t worry.t worry.t worry.t worry.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, you Well, you Well, you Well, you have to have to have to have to find a job, right? find a job, right? find a job, right? find a job, right? YouYouYouYou’’’’re not going to stay home.re not going to stay home.re not going to stay home.re not going to stay home.” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Yes, IYes, IYes, IYes, I’’’’m going m going m going m going to find a to find a to find a to find a job.job.job.job.” ” ” ” And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““Amy, I promise that IAmy, I promise that IAmy, I promise that IAmy, I promise that I’’’’m not going to help you. m not going to help you. m not going to help you. m not going to help you. If If If If this is what youthis is what youthis is what youthis is what you’’’’re going to re going to re going to re going to do, thatdo, thatdo, thatdo, that’’’’s fine. s fine. s fine. s fine. I support you. But youI support you. But youI support you. But youI support you. But you’’’’ve got to ve got to ve got to ve got to do it yourself. do it yourself. do it yourself. do it yourself. DonDonDonDon’’’’t come and ask for help.t come and ask for help.t come and ask for help.t come and ask for help.” ” ” ” And I never helped her. And I never helped her. And I never helped her. And I never helped her. She She She She found a job as a psychometrist at Harvard. found a job as a psychometrist at Harvard. found a job as a psychometrist at Harvard. found a job as a psychometrist at Harvard. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know what it is, t know what it is, t know what it is, t know what it is, but she but she but she but she worked with a PhD who had a grant from NIH [National Institutes of Health]. worked with a PhD who had a grant from NIH [National Institutes of Health]. worked with a PhD who had a grant from NIH [National Institutes of Health]. worked with a PhD who had a grant from NIH [National Institutes of Health]. She She She She got got got got paid for six months doing psychometric testing.paid for six months doing psychometric testing.paid for six months doing psychometric testing.paid for six months doing psychometric testing.

DR. GARTNER: Psychometric testing. Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She was She was She was She was so good that a oneso good that a oneso good that a oneso good that a one----year project, she finished in six months.year project, she finished in six months.year project, she finished in six months.year project, she finished in six months.


36

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So now she had to find another job. So now she had to find another job. So now she had to find another job. So now she had to find another job. She went through She went through She went through She went through The Boston Globe The Boston Globe The Boston Globe The Boston Globe and and and and everything, and couldneverything, and couldneverything, and couldneverything, and couldn’’’’t find any, so she finally found a job working as t find any, so she finally found a job working as t find any, so she finally found a job working as t find any, so she finally found a job working as a nanny. a nanny. a nanny. a nanny. To show you To show you To show you To show you how much she loved Dartmouth, she went back to Dartmouth how much she loved Dartmouth, she went back to Dartmouth how much she loved Dartmouth, she went back to Dartmouth how much she loved Dartmouth, she went back to Dartmouth to work as a nanny for a faculty to work as a nanny for a faculty to work as a nanny for a faculty to work as a nanny for a faculty member at Dartmouth for six months. member at Dartmouth for six months. member at Dartmouth for six months. member at Dartmouth for six months. Then she Then she Then she Then she went to George Washington forwent to George Washington forwent to George Washington forwent to George Washington for

medical school. medical school. medical school. medical school. I think she told I think she told I think she told I think she told me afterward that the six monthsme afterward that the six monthsme afterward that the six monthsme afterward that the six months’ ’ ’ ’ nanny job really turned her nanny job really turned her nanny job really turned her nanny job really turned her on to pediatrics. on to pediatrics. on to pediatrics. on to pediatrics. She loved children.She loved children.She loved children.She loved children.

DR. GARTNER: Great.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So she ended up going to pediatrics, and guess where she So she ended up going to pediatrics, and guess where she So she ended up going to pediatrics, and guess where she So she ended up going to pediatrics, and guess where she matched? matched? matched? matched? Me. Me. Me. Me. [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] Her application came in, and I told my selection Her application came in, and I told my selection Her application came in, and I told my selection Her application came in, and I told my selection committee, I was chairman then, and I said, committee, I was chairman then, and I said, committee, I was chairman then, and I said, committee, I was chairman then, and I said, ““““Well, treat her like anybody else, Well, treat her like anybody else, Well, treat her like anybody else, Well, treat her like anybody else, and Iand Iand Iand I’’’’m not going to be around you when her name comes m not going to be around you when her name comes m not going to be around you when her name comes m not going to be around you when her name comes up.up.up.up.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I stepped out, So I stepped out, So I stepped out, So I stepped out, because I sat with the committee all the time, going over the because I sat with the committee all the time, going over the because I sat with the committee all the time, going over the because I sat with the committee all the time, going over the reviews.reviews.reviews.reviews.

DR. GARTNER: Sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When her name When her name When her name When her name came up I walked out, I told my program director, came up I walked out, I told my program director, came up I walked out, I told my program director, came up I walked out, I told my program director, ““““Now, be sure and Now, be sure and Now, be sure and Now, be sure and treat her treat her treat her treat her just like anybody else. I donjust like anybody else. I donjust like anybody else. I donjust like anybody else. I don’’’’t want any favors.t want any favors.t want any favors.t want any favors.” ” ” ” I said it in public, to the I said it in public, to the I said it in public, to the I said it in public, to the committee committee committee committee members, and then I walked out. members, and then I walked out. members, and then I walked out. members, and then I walked out. I think she ranked up very high, I think she ranked up very high, I think she ranked up very high, I think she ranked up very high, because she matched with because she matched with because she matched with because she matched with us and spent three years with me. us and spent three years with me. us and spent three years with me. us and spent three years with me. And that was another And that was another And that was another And that was another experience. experience. experience. experience. When I was chairman, I When I was chairman, I When I was chairman, I When I was chairman, I still made rounds every Wednesday in the still made rounds every Wednesday in the still made rounds every Wednesday in the still made rounds every Wednesday in the NICU. NICU. NICU. NICU. Every Wednesday at 1:00 pm, between 1:00 Every Wednesday at 1:00 pm, between 1:00 Every Wednesday at 1:00 pm, between 1:00 Every Wednesday at 1:00 pm, between 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm, I would make pm and 2:00 pm, I would make pm and 2:00 pm, I would make pm and 2:00 pm, I would make rounds. Not classroom, I hate classroom rounds. rounds. Not classroom, I hate classroom rounds. rounds. Not classroom, I hate classroom rounds. rounds. Not classroom, I hate classroom rounds. I always like I always like I always like I always like

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to be with the to be with the to be with the to be with the patient, stand around the patient and let the residents present. patient, stand around the patient and let the residents present. patient, stand around the patient and let the residents present. patient, stand around the patient and let the residents present. And I donAnd I donAnd I donAnd I don’’’’t t t t want want want want to know what case theyto know what case theyto know what case theyto know what case they’’’’re presenting, because Ire presenting, because Ire presenting, because Ire presenting, because I’’’’d run the risk of being d run the risk of being d run the risk of being d run the risk of being tripped up and not tripped up and not tripped up and not tripped up and not knowing what to say. knowing what to say. knowing what to say. knowing what to say. But I always manage to say something. But I always manage to say something. But I always manage to say something. But I always manage to say something. So one day she was the resident. So one day she was the resident. So one day she was the resident. So one day she was the resident. She was presenting a set of twins, and she was She was presenting a set of twins, and she was She was presenting a set of twins, and she was She was presenting a set of twins, and she was so nervous. so nervous. so nervous. so nervous. Can you imagine presenting a Can you imagine presenting a Can you imagine presenting a Can you imagine presenting a case, two cases to your dad, with all case, two cases to your dad, with all case, two cases to your dad, with all case, two cases to your dad, with all the residents watching you? the residents watching you? the residents watching you? the residents watching you? She kept mixing A and B, A She kept mixing A and B, A She kept mixing A and B, A She kept mixing A and B, A and B.and B.and B.and B.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And they And they And they And they were all watching. were all watching. were all watching. were all watching. Anyway, she came through okay and wanted to go into Anyway, she came through okay and wanted to go into Anyway, she came through okay and wanted to go into Anyway, she came through okay and wanted to go into pediatric critical care. pediatric critical care. pediatric critical care. pediatric critical care. There was one person in our critical care program that There was one person in our critical care program that There was one person in our critical care program that There was one person in our critical care program that was a very, was a very, was a very, was a very, very compassionate person.very compassionate person.very compassionate person.very compassionate person.

Really, she admired her, Really, she admired her, Really, she admired her, Really, she admired her, so she wanted to go into PICU [pediatric intensive care unit] and so she wanted to go into PICU [pediatric intensive care unit] and so she wanted to go into PICU [pediatric intensive care unit] and so she wanted to go into PICU [pediatric intensive care unit] and ended up at ended up at ended up at ended up at Mass General [Massachusetts General Hospital]. Again, I didnMass General [Massachusetts General Hospital]. Again, I didnMass General [Massachusetts General Hospital]. Again, I didnMass General [Massachusetts General Hospital]. Again, I didn’’’’t help her. t help her. t help her. t help her. She She She She applied and interviewed, and they took her in. Again, one weekend she came home applied and interviewed, and they took her in. Again, one weekend she came home applied and interviewed, and they took her in. Again, one weekend she came home applied and interviewed, and they took her in. Again, one weekend she came home and walked and walked and walked and walked into my office right thereinto my office right thereinto my office right thereinto my office right there

37

and and and and said, said, said, said, ““““Dad, I have to tell you something.Dad, I have to tell you something.Dad, I have to tell you something.Dad, I have to tell you something.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Now what is it, Amy?Now what is it, Amy?Now what is it, Amy?Now what is it, Amy?” ” ” ” She She She She said, said, said, said, ““““I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t think I want to be an intensivist the rest of my life.think I want to be an intensivist the rest of my life.think I want to be an intensivist the rest of my life.think I want to be an intensivist the rest of my life.” ” ” ” She was She was She was She was looking at me intently. looking at me intently. looking at me intently. looking at me intently. She She She She thought I was going to be very upset. thought I was going to be very upset. thought I was going to be very upset. thought I was going to be very upset. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““ThatThatThatThat’’’’s your life. s your life. s your life. s your life. You do whatever you want to You do whatever you want to You do whatever you want to You do whatever you want to do. do. do. do. I donI donI donI don’’’’t care. t care. t care. t care. If youIf youIf youIf you

dondondondon’’’’t want to be an intensivist, if you dont want to be an intensivist, if you dont want to be an intensivist, if you dont want to be an intensivist, if you don’’’’t feel like you want to t feel like you want to t feel like you want to t feel like you want to be an intensivist the rest of be an intensivist the rest of be an intensivist the rest of be an intensivist the rest of your life, get out as soon as possible. your life, get out as soon as possible. your life, get out as soon as possible. your life, get out as soon as possible. DonDonDonDon’’’’t do t do t do t do it.it.it.it.” ” ” ” And she was so happy. And she was so happy. And she was so happy. And she was so happy. I could see her sigh I could see her sigh I could see her sigh I could see her sigh in relief, you know, that I was in relief, you know, that I was in relief, you know, that I was in relief, you know, that I was supporting her.supporting her.supporting her.supporting her.

DR. GARTNER: How far along was she in her intensivist training?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Six months. Six months. Six months. Six months. And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““Well, you better see Dr. [I. David] Todres.Well, you better see Dr. [I. David] Todres.Well, you better see Dr. [I. David] Todres.Well, you better see Dr. [I. David] Todres.” ” ” ” David just David just David just David just passed passed passed passed away, by the way. away, by the way. away, by the way. away, by the way. Did you know him?Did you know him?Did you know him?Did you know him?

DR. GARTNER: Who is this? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: David Todres. David Todres. David Todres. David Todres. DR. GARTNER: Oh, really?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He was a chief of critical He was a chief of critical He was a chief of critical He was a chief of critical care at Mass General. care at Mass General. care at Mass General. care at Mass General. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““You better go and tell him so You better go and tell him so You better go and tell him so You better go and tell him so hehehehe’’’’s aware of it, s aware of it, s aware of it, s aware of it, and also talk to your chairman, Alan Ezekowitz.and also talk to your chairman, Alan Ezekowitz.and also talk to your chairman, Alan Ezekowitz.and also talk to your chairman, Alan Ezekowitz.” ” ” ” You know Alan. Alan You know Alan. Alan You know Alan. Alan You know Alan. Alan Ezekowitz Ezekowitz Ezekowitz Ezekowitz was chairman of Mass General.was chairman of Mass General.was chairman of Mass General.was chairman of Mass General.

DR. GARTNER: No, I don’t.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Again, IAgain, IAgain, IAgain, I’’’’m not going to help you. m not going to help you. m not going to help you. m not going to help you. You have to find something that you want to You have to find something that you want to You have to find something that you want to You have to find something that you want to do.do.do.do.” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““DonDonDonDon’’’’t worry, Dad, t worry, Dad, t worry, Dad, t worry, Dad, IIII’’’’ll manage.ll manage.ll manage.ll manage.” ” ” ” Actually, she went back to talk to Dr. Todres Actually, she went back to talk to Dr. Todres Actually, she went back to talk to Dr. Todres Actually, she went back to talk to Dr. Todres and told him that. and told him that. and told him that. and told him that. Apparently he wasnApparently he wasnApparently he wasnApparently he wasn’’’’t very upset, because he felt the same way I do, that if t very upset, because he felt the same way I do, that if t very upset, because he felt the same way I do, that if t very upset, because he felt the same way I do, that if you you you you dondondondon’’’’t like to do something, get out. t like to do something, get out. t like to do something, get out. t like to do something, get out. Then she went to see Alan, and Alan Then she went to see Alan, and Alan Then she went to see Alan, and Alan Then she went to see Alan, and Alan offered her a offered her a offered her a offered her a primary care job in Reading, in the Boston area. primary care job in Reading, in the Boston area. primary care job in Reading, in the Boston area. primary care job in Reading, in the Boston area. So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s where s where s where s where sheshesheshe’’’’s practicing now.s practicing now.s practicing now.s practicing now.


DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: SheSheSheShe’’’’s very happy.s very happy.s very happy.s very happy.

DR. OH: Very good.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Primary care. Primary care. Primary care. Primary care. With two With two With two With two children. children. children. children. I donI donI donI don’’’’t have her picture here. t have her picture here. t have her picture here. t have her picture here. Other pictures I can Other pictures I can Other pictures I can Other pictures I can get for you get for you get for you get for you later. later. later. later. She works halfShe works halfShe works halfShe works half----time. She wants to spend time with her family, the time. She wants to spend time with her family, the time. She wants to spend time with her family, the time. She wants to spend time with her family, the children. children. children. children. So that is my family.So that is my family.So that is my family.So that is my family.

DR. GARTNER: What does her husband do?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He used to He used to He used to He used to be a real estate person. be a real estate person. be a real estate person. be a real estate person. He is still in the real estate business, although He is still in the real estate business, although He is still in the real estate business, although He is still in the real estate business, although now now now now in the wintertime he runs a snowboard business. in the wintertime he runs a snowboard business. in the wintertime he runs a snowboard business. in the wintertime he runs a snowboard business. ItItItIt’’’’s a very popular winter s a very popular winter s a very popular winter s a very popular winter sport now, and sport now, and sport now, and sport now, and he has a partnershiphe has a partnershiphe has a partnershiphe has a partnership

with someone, so hewith someone, so hewith someone, so hewith someone, so he’’’’s in s in s in s in business. business. business. business. TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re very happy. re very happy. re very happy. re very happy. The nice thing about our children is The nice thing about our children is The nice thing about our children is The nice thing about our children is that they that they that they that they are so nearby. are so nearby. are so nearby. are so nearby. You know, one is 20 minutes away, and the other one is an hour You know, one is 20 minutes away, and the other one is an hour You know, one is 20 minutes away, and the other one is an hour You know, one is 20 minutes away, and the other one is an hour and and and and 15 minutes, and they come in almost every weekend.15 minutes, and they come in almost every weekend.15 minutes, and they come in almost every weekend.15 minutes, and they come in almost every weekend.

DR. GARTNER: Well, that’s nice. Good. You get to see your grandchildren.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, I get to see all the Yes, I get to see all the Yes, I get to see all the Yes, I get to see all the grandchildren.grandchildren.grandchildren.grandchildren.

DR. GARTNER: That’s wonderful.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Time for lunch or do you want to go for some Time for lunch or do you want to go for some Time for lunch or do you want to go for some Time for lunch or do you want to go for some more?more?more?more?

DR. GARTNER: Well, let’s see. It’s 12:00 pm. We can break now or we can continue on. How do you feel?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’m fine.m fine.m fine.m fine.

DR. GARTNER: Are you ready for lunch?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: LetLetLetLet’’’’s see. s see. s see. s see. Is there anything else we Is there anything else we Is there anything else we Is there anything else we should talk about? What else is in your agenda? should talk about? What else is in your agenda? should talk about? What else is in your agenda? should talk about? What else is in your agenda? I I I I dondondondon’’’’t want to rush through t want to rush through t want to rush through t want to rush through it.it.it.it.

DR. GARTNER: No, no. We have a lot more. We have a lot of general material to cover, but I’ll

just look through my list and see. I tell you, why don’t we stop now? And I’ll shut this off.[Recording Interruption]DR. GARTNER: Okay, let me just say that we’re back on, and going to insert something that goes

into the original Michael Reese portion of the history. Bill, why don’t you go ahead and tell us a little bit more about the work you were doing at Michael Reese.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In contrast to the work schedule we have today with the RRC [Residency In contrast to the work schedule we have today with the RRC [Residency In contrast to the work schedule we have today with the RRC [Residency In contrast to the work schedule we have today with the RRC [Residency Review Review Review Review Committee] requirements, in those days there was no such thing, and I Committee] requirements, in those days there was no such thing, and I Committee] requirements, in those days there was no such thing, and I Committee] requirements, in those days there was no such thing, and I worked like a dog in worked like a dog in worked like a dog in worked like a dog in those days, literally like a dog. those days, literally like a dog. those days, literally like a dog. those days, literally like a dog. I would put in eight, I would put in eight, I would put in eight, I would put in eight, ten hours during the daytime, and then at ten hours during the daytime, and then at ten hours during the daytime, and then at ten hours during the daytime, and then at night I would take call every third night I would take call every third night I would take call every third night I would take call every third night as a resident on duty. Another every third night I night as a resident on duty. Another every third night I night as a resident on duty. Another every third night I night as a resident on duty. Another every third night I would go work as a would go work as a would go work as a would go work as a blood bank technician, because my salary was $50 a month. blood bank technician, because my salary was $50 a month. blood bank technician, because my salary was $50 a month. blood bank technician, because my salary was $50 a month. I couldnI couldnI couldnI couldn’’’’t t t t afford to afford to afford to afford to pay my rent with $50, so I had to make extrapay my rent with $50, so I had to make extrapay my rent with $50, so I had to make extrapay my rent with $50, so I had to make extra

39

money. money. money. money. So every third night I worked in the blood bank. So every third night I worked in the blood bank. So every third night I worked in the blood bank. So every third night I worked in the blood bank. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why I know everything s why I know everything s why I know everything s why I know everything about about about about type and crossmatching, and Coombstype and crossmatching, and Coombstype and crossmatching, and Coombstype and crossmatching, and Coombs’ ’ ’ ’ [[[[test] and et cetera. The biggest test] and et cetera. The biggest test] and et cetera. The biggest test] and et cetera. The biggest moneymoneymoneymoney----maker, maker, maker, maker, actually, was to send blood out, because the Michael Reese blood actually, was to send blood out, because the Michael Reese blood actually, was to send blood out, because the Michael Reese blood actually, was to send blood out, because the Michael Reese blood bank was the blood bank bank was the blood bank bank was the blood bank bank was the blood bank center for the whole city of Chicago. center for the whole city of Chicago. center for the whole city of Chicago. center for the whole city of Chicago. There were 92 There were 92 There were 92 There were 92 hospitals in the Chicago area, and every hospitals in the Chicago area, and every hospitals in the Chicago area, and every hospitals in the Chicago area, and every time they needed blood they had to call time they needed blood they had to call time they needed blood they had to call time they needed blood they had to call me, and every time I sent a carton of blood, I got $3 me, and every time I sent a carton of blood, I got $3 me, and every time I sent a carton of blood, I got $3 me, and every time I sent a carton of blood, I got $3 per unit. per unit. per unit. per unit. That was a lot That was a lot That was a lot That was a lot of money.of money.of money.of money.

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DR. GARTNER: Right. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So when the phone rang, I got very happy. So when the phone rang, I got very happy. So when the phone rang, I got very happy. So when the phone rang, I got very happy. Anyway, that was my Anyway, that was my Anyway, that was my Anyway, that was my every third night. every third night. every third night. every third night. And then every other third night, I would carry the beeper, And then every other third night, I would carry the beeper, And then every other third night, I would carry the beeper, And then every other third night, I would carry the beeper, in addition to the two nights that I in addition to the two nights that I in addition to the two nights that I in addition to the two nights that I carried the beeper, to, essentially, carried the beeper, to, essentially, carried the beeper, to, essentially, carried the beeper, to, essentially, collect blood for blood glucose analysis for Dr. Marvin collect blood for blood glucose analysis for Dr. Marvin collect blood for blood glucose analysis for Dr. Marvin collect blood for blood glucose analysis for Dr. Marvin Cornblath. Cornblath. Cornblath. Cornblath. He was one He was one He was one He was one of my senior faculty who was doing a lot of research on carbohydrate of my senior faculty who was doing a lot of research on carbohydrate of my senior faculty who was doing a lot of research on carbohydrate of my senior faculty who was doing a lot of research on carbohydrate metabolism. metabolism. metabolism. metabolism. So as you know, it was the kind of work schedule and workload that, compared to So as you know, it was the kind of work schedule and workload that, compared to So as you know, it was the kind of work schedule and workload that, compared to So as you know, it was the kind of work schedule and workload that, compared to today, is night and day. today, is night and day. today, is night and day. today, is night and day. ItItItIt’’’’s literally night and day. Theres literally night and day. Theres literally night and day. Theres literally night and day. There’’’’s no s no s no s no comparison.comparison.comparison.comparison.

DR. GARTNER: Do you think the residents today are missing something by not working so hard?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t know. t know. t know. t know. I have mixed feelings about it. I have mixed feelings about it. I have mixed feelings about it. I have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand, IOn the one hand, IOn the one hand, IOn the one hand, I’’’’ve seen ve seen ve seen ve seen fellows who fellows who fellows who fellows who go through a night call and have to stay for the rest of the day the go through a night call and have to stay for the rest of the day the go through a night call and have to stay for the rest of the day the go through a night call and have to stay for the rest of the day the next day, and itnext day, and itnext day, and itnext day, and it’’’’s a danger s a danger s a danger s a danger to the patient. to the patient. to the patient. to the patient. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s true. On the other hand, s true. On the other hand, s true. On the other hand, s true. On the other hand, they also miss out on the experience that they they also miss out on the experience that they they also miss out on the experience that they they also miss out on the experience that they would gain, so, you know, itwould gain, so, you know, itwould gain, so, you know, itwould gain, so, you know, it’’’’s s s s ————

DR. GARTNER: A tradeoff.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, itYes, itYes, itYes, it’’’’s a tradeoff. s a tradeoff. s a tradeoff. s a tradeoff. Okay?Okay?Okay?Okay?

[Recording Interruption]DR. GARTNER: Okay. Thank you. We will put that in. We’re resuming

the recording, and we have Mary Oh, who is also a physician, joining us. She and Bill are going to talk together for a little bit, so we can hear a little bit more about their life together. So Mary?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Tell Tell Tell Tell him why you picked Stockholm rather than Paris. DR. M. OH: him why you picked Stockholm rather than Paris. DR. M. OH: him why you picked Stockholm rather than Paris. DR. M. OH: him why you picked Stockholm rather than Paris. DR. M. OH: After we After we After we After we finished finished finished finished our training in Chicago, we decided toour training in Chicago, we decided toour training in Chicago, we decided toour training in Chicago, we decided to

go home and set go home and set go home and set go home and set up our practice. up our practice. up our practice. up our practice. Unfortunately, there were no opportunities for us.Unfortunately, there were no opportunities for us.Unfortunately, there were no opportunities for us.Unfortunately, there were no opportunities for us.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’ve covered that part.ve covered that part.ve covered that part.ve covered that part.

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DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: You did already? DR. OH: You did already? DR. OH: You did already? DR. OH: You did already? DR. OH: I did, yes.I did, yes.I did, yes.I did, yes.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Oh, you Oh, you Oh, you Oh, you can edit it.can edit it.can edit it.can edit it.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: [Laughs] I don[Laughs] I don[Laughs] I don[Laughs] I don’’’’t want t want t want t want you to repeat the whole thing, yes.you to repeat the whole thing, yes.you to repeat the whole thing, yes.you to repeat the whole thing, yes.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: So So So So anyway, Dr. Metcoff offered us the opportunity to go to Europe if our trip home anyway, Dr. Metcoff offered us the opportunity to go to Europe if our trip home anyway, Dr. Metcoff offered us the opportunity to go to Europe if our trip home anyway, Dr. Metcoff offered us the opportunity to go to Europe if our trip home didndidndidndidn’’’’t turn out to be what we liked. t turn out to be what we liked. t turn out to be what we liked. t turn out to be what we liked. So weSo weSo weSo we

decided to go decided to go decided to go decided to go either to Stockholm or Paris. either to Stockholm or Paris. either to Stockholm or Paris. either to Stockholm or Paris. In those days, we didnIn those days, we didnIn those days, we didnIn those days, we didn’’’’t know anything about t know anything about t know anything about t know anything about Europe, except I thought Paris must be expensive. Everybody knows Paris, but Europe, except I thought Paris must be expensive. Everybody knows Paris, but Europe, except I thought Paris must be expensive. Everybody knows Paris, but Europe, except I thought Paris must be expensive. Everybody knows Paris, but nobody knows nobody knows nobody knows nobody knows about Stockholm. about Stockholm. about Stockholm. about Stockholm. So I told Bill,So I told Bill,So I told Bill,So I told Bill,

““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s go to s go to s go to s go to Stockholm, because with this stipend we probably would be able to live in Stockholm, because with this stipend we probably would be able to live in Stockholm, because with this stipend we probably would be able to live in Stockholm, because with this stipend we probably would be able to live in Stockholm better than Paris.Stockholm better than Paris.Stockholm better than Paris.Stockholm better than Paris.” ” ” ” Well, we got to Stockholm, and then a month after Well, we got to Stockholm, and then a month after Well, we got to Stockholm, and then a month after Well, we got to Stockholm, and then a month after that we got that we got that we got that we got the the the the ReaderReaderReaderReader’’’’s Digest s Digest s Digest s Digest and it listed the ten most expensive and it listed the ten most expensive and it listed the ten most expensive and it listed the ten most expensive cities in the world. cities in the world. cities in the world. cities in the world. Number one was Number one was Number one was Number one was Stockholm. Stockholm. Stockholm. Stockholm. [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] We knew we were in We knew we were in We knew we were in We knew we were in trouble.trouble.trouble.trouble.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was too late. It was too late. It was too late. It was too late. We We We We couldncouldncouldncouldn’’’’t leave.t leave.t leave.t leave.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: We couldnWe couldnWe couldnWe couldn’’’’t, yes, but t, yes, but t, yes, but t, yes, but it was really the best place for Bill, because Professor Lind it was really the best place for Bill, because Professor Lind it was really the best place for Bill, because Professor Lind it was really the best place for Bill, because Professor Lind was such a was such a was such a was such a wonderful person and a very goodwonderful person and a very goodwonderful person and a very goodwonderful person and a very good

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teacher, and he also took care teacher, and he also took care teacher, and he also took care teacher, and he also took care of the family. DR. OH: of the family. DR. OH: of the family. DR. OH: of the family. DR. OH: And found a job for you.And found a job for you.And found a job for you.And found a job for you.

DR. DR. DR. DR. M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: Yes, yes, he found a job for me, because Kenny was ready for Yes, yes, he found a job for me, because Kenny was ready for Yes, yes, he found a job for me, because Kenny was ready for Yes, yes, he found a job for me, because Kenny was ready for kindergarten. kindergarten. kindergarten. kindergarten. So So So So after I saw him off to school I was able to work in the after I saw him off to school I was able to work in the after I saw him off to school I was able to work in the after I saw him off to school I was able to work in the biochemistry department. biochemistry department. biochemistry department. biochemistry department. That was the That was the That was the That was the best two years in our marriedbest two years in our marriedbest two years in our marriedbest two years in our married

life, because Bill was home every night, and Kenny was able to see life, because Bill was home every night, and Kenny was able to see life, because Bill was home every night, and Kenny was able to see life, because Bill was home every night, and Kenny was able to see the daddy that he hadnthe daddy that he hadnthe daddy that he hadnthe daddy that he hadn’’’’t t t t known for five years.known for five years.known for five years.known for five years.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was a research job, so I It was a research job, so I It was a research job, so I It was a research job, so I didndidndidndidn’’’’t have to take night call, which was nice.t have to take night call, which was nice.t have to take night call, which was nice.t have to take night call, which was nice.

DR. GARTNER: That was nice.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. GARTNER: Sometimes those experiences overseas are very special.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Tell him about our Tell him about our Tell him about our Tell him about our first date.first date.first date.first date.

DR. GARTNER: Oh!

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: You were the one who You were the one who You were the one who You were the one who ———— DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I should.I should.I should.I should.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, because you goofed.Yes, because you goofed.Yes, because you goofed.Yes, because you goofed.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So, as I said about her father, I was afraid that So, as I said about her father, I was afraid that So, as I said about her father, I was afraid that So, as I said about her father, I was afraid that ———— DR. DR. DR. DR. M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: No, my father didnNo, my father didnNo, my father didnNo, my father didn’’’’t t t t allow dates.allow dates.allow dates.allow dates.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, right. Yes, right. Yes, right. Yes, right. He was very conservative. He was very conservative. He was very conservative. He was very conservative. But I finally got her But I finally got her But I finally got her But I finally got her to come out one day. to come out one day. to come out one day. to come out one day. I I I I said, said, said, said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s go to a symphony.s go to a symphony.s go to a symphony.s go to a symphony.” ” ” ” We love music. We love We love music. We love We love music. We love We love music. We love art. art. art. art. We go to the museum all the time. We go to the museum all the time. We go to the museum all the time. We go to the museum all the time. So I went and got two tickets, but when So I went and got two tickets, but when So I went and got two tickets, but when So I went and got two tickets, but when I met her, I didnI met her, I didnI met her, I didnI met her, I didn’’’’t go to her house.t go to her house.t go to her house.t go to her house.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, because my father didnYes, because my father didnYes, because my father didnYes, because my father didn’’’’t want me t want me t want me t want me ————

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She had to come out in a taxi and meet me somewhere. She got out of the taxi, She had to come out in a taxi and meet me somewhere. She got out of the taxi, She had to come out in a taxi and meet me somewhere. She got out of the taxi, She had to come out in a taxi and meet me somewhere. She got out of the taxi, and I and I and I and I saw one other lady come out. saw one other lady come out. saw one other lady come out. saw one other lady come out. ““““UhUhUhUh----oh,oh,oh,oh,” ” ” ” I thought. I thought. I thought. I thought. So I went over, and she So I went over, and she So I went over, and she So I went over, and she said, said, said, said, ““““This is my This is my This is my This is my niece.niece.niece.niece.””””

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: My My My My chaperone.chaperone.chaperone.chaperone.

DR. C. GARTNER: Oh, dear.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ““““Your niece. Your niece. Your niece. Your niece. Oh, nice meeting you, but I only have two tickets.Oh, nice meeting you, but I only have two tickets.Oh, nice meeting you, but I only have two tickets.Oh, nice meeting you, but I only have two tickets.” ” ” ” And And And And in those days, in those days, in those days, in those days, tickets were hard to get. tickets were hard to get. tickets were hard to get. tickets were hard to get. So I said, So I said, So I said, So I said, ““““Now what do we do? Now what do we do? Now what do we do? Now what do we do? Two Two Two Two tickets with three people. tickets with three people. tickets with three people. tickets with three people. We We We We cancancancan’’’’t go.t go.t go.t go.” ” ” ” You had to have three tickets. You had to have three tickets. You had to have three tickets. You had to have three tickets. So I So I So I So I said, said, said, said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s go to a movie.s go to a movie.s go to a movie.s go to a movie.” ” ” ” So we ended up So we ended up So we ended up So we ended up going to a movie and wasted two going to a movie and wasted two going to a movie and wasted two going to a movie and wasted two symphony tickets. symphony tickets. symphony tickets. symphony tickets. It was a good movie, It was a good movie, It was a good movie, It was a good movie, ““““To Catch a Thief.To Catch a Thief.To Catch a Thief.To Catch a Thief.””””

DR. DR. DR. DR. M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. GARTNER: Oh! [Laughs]

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Cary Grant.Cary Grant.Cary Grant.Cary Grant.

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See, the See, the See, the See, the Philippines was very oldPhilippines was very oldPhilippines was very oldPhilippines was very old----fashioned in those days. fashioned in those days. fashioned in those days. fashioned in those days. You couldnYou couldnYou couldnYou couldn’’’’t go out without a t go out without a t go out without a t go out without a chaperone.chaperone.chaperone.chaperone.

42

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And And And And your dad wanted a sonyour dad wanted a sonyour dad wanted a sonyour dad wanted a son----inininin----law who was an only son, right?law who was an only son, right?law who was an only son, right?law who was an only son, right?

DR. M. DR. M. DR. M. DR. M. OH: OH: OH: OH: No, no, no.No, no, no.No, no, no.No, no, no.


DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: My father, in his oldMy father, in his oldMy father, in his oldMy father, in his old----fashioned thinking, and fashioned thinking, and fashioned thinking, and fashioned thinking, and because he loved me very much, he because he loved me very much, he because he loved me very much, he because he loved me very much, he spoiled me. spoiled me. spoiled me. spoiled me. If I got married, he wanted me to If I got married, he wanted me to If I got married, he wanted me to If I got married, he wanted me to be the only daughterbe the only daughterbe the only daughterbe the only daughter----inininin----law, because then they law, because then they law, because then they law, because then they would have no choice but to love would have no choice but to love would have no choice but to love would have no choice but to love me.me.me.me.


DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: And heAnd heAnd heAnd he’’’’s one of ten, and that was out. s one of ten, and that was out. s one of ten, and that was out. s one of ten, and that was out. No question.No question.No question.No question.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I told him about using the I told him about using the I told him about using the I told him about using the handkerchief to mask my voice, and that your father handkerchief to mask my voice, and that your father handkerchief to mask my voice, and that your father handkerchief to mask my voice, and that your father managed to pick it managed to pick it managed to pick it managed to pick it out.out.out.out.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Very easily. Very easily. Very easily. Very easily. ““““Oh, you want Mary?Oh, you want Mary?Oh, you want Mary?Oh, you want Mary?””””

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: We graduated in March of 1958. We graduated in March of 1958. We graduated in March of 1958. We graduated in March of 1958. We usually met at church on Sunday. We usually met at church on Sunday. We usually met at church on Sunday. We usually met at church on Sunday. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s go home. s go home. s go home. s go home. You have to meet my father.You have to meet my father.You have to meet my father.You have to meet my father.” ” ” ” This is the end of medical school. This is the end of medical school. This is the end of medical school. This is the end of medical school. There was no There was no There was no There was no other way. other way. other way. other way. So we went home.So we went home.So we went home.So we went home.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was a pouring rain. It was a pouring rain. It was a pouring rain. It was a pouring rain. I remember that.I remember that.I remember that.I remember that.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: I was so surprised, because my father just took him in like he knew him I was so surprised, because my father just took him in like he knew him I was so surprised, because my father just took him in like he knew him I was so surprised, because my father just took him in like he knew him for years.for years.for years.for years.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He accepted me right away.He accepted me right away.He accepted me right away.He accepted me right away.

DR. GARTNER: Wonderful.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was a pouring rain, and I walked in It was a pouring rain, and I walked in It was a pouring rain, and I walked in It was a pouring rain, and I walked in dripping wet. DR. M. OH: dripping wet. DR. M. OH: dripping wet. DR. M. OH: dripping wet. DR. M. OH: All wet.All wet.All wet.All wet.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t know why, but we didnt know why, but we didnt know why, but we didnt know why, but we didn’’’’t have an umbrella.t have an umbrella.t have an umbrella.t have an umbrella.

43

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: We took a taxi.We took a taxi.We took a taxi.We took a taxi.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I took my shirt off, and he gave me a new I took my shirt off, and he gave me a new I took my shirt off, and he gave me a new I took my shirt off, and he gave me a new ———— DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Slippers.Slippers.Slippers.Slippers.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Beige slippers. Beige slippers. Beige slippers. Beige slippers. We had a good time. We had a good time. We had a good time. We had a good time. Her mom was a good cook. Her mom was a good cook. Her mom was a good cook. Her mom was a good cook. She cooked the She cooked the She cooked the She cooked the best best best best meal I ever had.meal I ever had.meal I ever had.meal I ever had.


DDDDRRRR.... MMMM.... OOOOHHHH:::: SSSSoooo tttthhhhaaaatttt wwwwaaaassss iiiitttt....

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DR. GARTNER: So you were made a member of the family.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Right away.Right away.Right away.Right away.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Right away. Right away. Right away. Right away. We had to leave for the [United] States [of America] in We had to leave for the [United] States [of America] in We had to leave for the [United] States [of America] in We had to leave for the [United] States [of America] in July, and we had July, and we had July, and we had July, and we had to have an engagement party before that. to have an engagement party before that. to have an engagement party before that. to have an engagement party before that. That was in May, May That was in May, May That was in May, May That was in May, May or June, right?or June, right?or June, right?or June, right?

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: See, he still didnSee, he still didnSee, he still didnSee, he still didn’’’’t t t t trust you yet, you know? trust you yet, you know? trust you yet, you know? trust you yet, you know? [Laughter] DR. OH: [Laughter] DR. OH: [Laughter] DR. OH: [Laughter] DR. OH: He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““If you If you If you If you want to go to the States together, youwant to go to the States together, youwant to go to the States together, youwant to go to the States together, you

have to get have to get have to get have to get engaged.engaged.engaged.engaged.””””

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Because he knew that we would Because he knew that we would Because he knew that we would Because he knew that we would not have a wedding if we were going to go abroad not have a wedding if we were going to go abroad not have a wedding if we were going to go abroad not have a wedding if we were going to go abroad for so many years.for so many years.for so many years.for so many years.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Yes. DR. M. OH: Yes. DR. M. OH: Yes. DR. M. OH: Yes. DR. M. OH: Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. GARTNER: Well, that’s nice.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, we have a Yes, we have a Yes, we have a Yes, we have a good life together.good life together.good life together.good life together.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Otherwise, we wouldnOtherwise, we wouldnOtherwise, we wouldnOtherwise, we wouldn’’’’t have lasted t have lasted t have lasted t have lasted ———— DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Fifty Fifty Fifty Fifty ————

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: FortyFortyFortyForty----eight years.eight years.eight years.eight years.

44

DR. GARTNER: Now, Mary, this is your opportunity to tell stories about Bill that we haven’t

heard, so maybe you have some stories you’d like to tell us about Bill.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Can you think of any?Can you think of any?Can you think of any?Can you think of any?

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: All I know is All I know is All I know is All I know is that he was so busy working for many, many years, that our son, that he was so busy working for many, many years, that our son, that he was so busy working for many, many years, that our son, that he was so busy working for many, many years, that our son, Kenny, thought Kenny, thought Kenny, thought Kenny, thought he was a babysitter until he was five. he was a babysitter until he was five. he was a babysitter until he was five. he was a babysitter until he was five. [Laughter] But we had a good life, [Laughter] But we had a good life, [Laughter] But we had a good life, [Laughter] But we had a good life, because, you know, we knew what was best for the family, and we adjusted and because, you know, we knew what was best for the family, and we adjusted and because, you know, we knew what was best for the family, and we adjusted and because, you know, we knew what was best for the family, and we adjusted and adapted.adapted.adapted.adapted.

DR. GARTNER: Good.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: And the kids knew that thatAnd the kids knew that thatAnd the kids knew that thatAnd the kids knew that that’’’’s the way life is, and theres the way life is, and theres the way life is, and theres the way life is, and there’’’’s always a s always a s always a s always a mommy.mommy.mommy.mommy.

DR. GARTNER: But you worked also.

DR. M. DR. M. DR. M. DR. M. OH: OH: OH: OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. After I finished my specialty in clinical pathology, I After I finished my specialty in clinical pathology, I After I finished my specialty in clinical pathology, I After I finished my specialty in clinical pathology, I didndidndidndidn’’’’t work for about t work for about t work for about t work for about ————

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Two, three Two, three Two, three Two, three ———— DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: ———— five years. DR. OH: five years. DR. OH: five years. DR. OH: five years. DR. OH: Five years. DR. Five years. DR. Five years. DR. Five years. DR. M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: Five years.Five years.Five years.Five years.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Goes Goes Goes Goes fast, those years.fast, those years.fast, those years.fast, those years.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: And it was hard to And it was hard to And it was hard to And it was hard to get a babysitter or a housekeeper. get a babysitter or a housekeeper. get a babysitter or a housekeeper. get a babysitter or a housekeeper. I did try for three months, I did try for three months, I did try for three months, I did try for three months, but it didnbut it didnbut it didnbut it didn’’’’t t t t work out. work out. work out. work out. But I did get my specialty board so that as soon as Amy was able to But I did get my specialty board so that as soon as Amy was able to But I did get my specialty board so that as soon as Amy was able to But I did get my specialty board so that as soon as Amy was able to go go go go to school, when she was in third grade, then I was able to go to work and to school, when she was in third grade, then I was able to go to work and to school, when she was in third grade, then I was able to go to work and to school, when she was in third grade, then I was able to go to work and hire somebody after hire somebody after hire somebody after hire somebody after school. school. school. school. So I was able to at least work for about 12 years. So I was able to at least work for about 12 years. So I was able to at least work for about 12 years. So I was able to at least work for about 12 years. That was enough for me.That was enough for me.That was enough for me.That was enough for me.

DR. GARTNER: That’s good. And you worked at Grant Hospital during that time?

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DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: No, No, No, No, that was residency.that was residency.that was residency.that was residency.

DR. GARTNER: That was residency.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: But here she worked in a hospital.But here she worked in a hospital.But here she worked in a hospital.But here she worked in a hospital.

45

DR. GARTNER: But you worked here?

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, here I worked for a private hospital for Yes, here I worked for a private hospital for Yes, here I worked for a private hospital for Yes, here I worked for a private hospital for two years, and then I came out and two years, and then I came out and two years, and then I came out and two years, and then I came out and went into private practice, and I opened my went into private practice, and I opened my went into private practice, and I opened my went into private practice, and I opened my own laboratory.own laboratory.own laboratory.own laboratory.

DR. GARTNER: That’s what I remember, right.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. But But But But ———— DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Very successful.Very successful.Very successful.Very successful.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: But after ten years, But after ten years, But after ten years, But after ten years, it just it just it just it just ————

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Medicare, Medicaid and all Medicare, Medicaid and all Medicare, Medicaid and all Medicare, Medicaid and all that paperwork.that paperwork.that paperwork.that paperwork.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: The HMOs coming out, The HMOs coming out, The HMOs coming out, The HMOs coming out, and Medicare, and I was working 12 hours a day, and I and Medicare, and I was working 12 hours a day, and I and Medicare, and I was working 12 hours a day, and I and Medicare, and I was working 12 hours a day, and I said, said, said, said, ““““ThatThatThatThat’’’’s not s not s not s not it.it.it.it.””””

DR. GARTNER: So did you sell the business?

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: Yes, and I sold the business to a national Yes, and I sold the business to a national Yes, and I sold the business to a national Yes, and I sold the business to a national company.company.company.company.

DR. GARTNER: To a chain, yes. Thank you. Thank you.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Thank you, Mary.Thank you, Mary.Thank you, Mary.Thank you, Mary.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. Well, thank you, Mary.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: YouYouYouYou’’’’re welcome.re welcome.re welcome.re welcome.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. Bill, I’m going to move over here, because the camera is aimed at you over there, so I’m going to move around.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: A few more things?A few more things?A few more things?A few more things?

DR. GARTNER: That’s fine. Tell us about some of the honors that you’ve gotten over the years, because I know you’ve gotten a number of very important ones.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I already mentioned The I already mentioned The I already mentioned The I already mentioned The [Virginia] Apgar Award [in[Virginia] Apgar Award [in[Virginia] Apgar Award [in[Virginia] Apgar Award [in

Perinatal Pediatrics] in 1995, which Perinatal Pediatrics] in 1995, which Perinatal Pediatrics] in 1995, which Perinatal Pediatrics] in 1995, which I thought was my most important honor.I thought was my most important honor.I thought was my most important honor.I thought was my most important honor.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

46

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was president of the I was president of the I was president of the I was president of the Perinatal Research Society [PRS] for one year, in 1980Perinatal Research Society [PRS] for one year, in 1980Perinatal Research Society [PRS] for one year, in 1980Perinatal Research Society [PRS] for one year, in 1980----81. 81. 81. 81. I I I I have been running have been running have been running have been running the International Perinatal Collegium, and chairman of the steering the International Perinatal Collegium, and chairman of the steering the International Perinatal Collegium, and chairman of the steering the International Perinatal Collegium, and chairman of the steering committee. committee. committee. committee. I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee [Committee on Fetus and I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee [Committee on Fetus and I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee [Committee on Fetus and I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee [Committee on Fetus and Newborn] for eight years for the [American] Academy of Pediatrics.Newborn] for eight years for the [American] Academy of Pediatrics.Newborn] for eight years for the [American] Academy of Pediatrics.Newborn] for eight years for the [American] Academy of Pediatrics.

DR. GARTNER: For the Academy.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That was in the mid 1980s. That was in the mid 1980s. That was in the mid 1980s. That was in the mid 1980s. I was a member and the chairman of the [National I was a member and the chairman of the [National I was a member and the chairman of the [National I was a member and the chairman of the [National Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver] NICHD [National Institute of Child Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver] NICHD [National Institute of Child Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver] NICHD [National Institute of Child Institutes of Health Eunice Kennedy Shriver] NICHD [National Institute of Child Health and Health and Health and Health and Human Development] Human Embryology and Development Study Section. Human Development] Human Embryology and Development Study Section. Human Development] Human Embryology and Development Study Section. Human Development] Human Embryology and Development Study Section. In those days, it In those days, it In those days, it In those days, it was a fourwas a fourwas a fourwas a four----year cycle. year cycle. year cycle. year cycle. You might remember.You might remember.You might remember.You might remember.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I do.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I did it for So I did it for So I did it for So I did it for two cycles, and they got me to be the chairman for the last year of my two cycles, and they got me to be the chairman for the last year of my two cycles, and they got me to be the chairman for the last year of my two cycles, and they got me to be the chairman for the last year of my second second second second cycle. cycle. cycle. cycle. Then I guess they liked me so much, they got me to stay two more years. Then I guess they liked me so much, they got me to stay two more years. Then I guess they liked me so much, they got me to stay two more years. Then I guess they liked me so much, they got me to stay two more years. So I So I So I So I did it, like, nine or ten years of study sections. did it, like, nine or ten years of study sections. did it, like, nine or ten years of study sections. did it, like, nine or ten years of study sections. ItItItIt’’’’s an important s an important s an important s an important honor. honor. honor. honor. Not only an honor, but Not only an honor, but Not only an honor, but Not only an honor, but it was an important job, because I feel like Iit was an important job, because I feel like Iit was an important job, because I feel like Iit was an important job, because I feel like I’’’’ve ve ve ve done something to support young research done something to support young research done something to support young research done something to support young research investigators. investigators. investigators. investigators. It was very interesting It was very interesting It was very interesting It was very interesting to run that committee.to run that committee.to run that committee.to run that committee.

DR. GARTNER: That was very important.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was also a member of the Basil OI was also a member of the Basil OI was also a member of the Basil OI was also a member of the Basil O’’’’Connor Connor Connor Connor [Starter Scholar] Research [Award] [Starter Scholar] Research [Award] [Starter Scholar] Research [Award] [Starter Scholar] Research [Award] Committee of the March of Dimes. Committee of the March of Dimes. Committee of the March of Dimes. Committee of the March of Dimes. It must be It must be It must be It must be at least 13, 14 years, quite a while. at least 13, 14 years, quite a while. at least 13, 14 years, quite a while. at least 13, 14 years, quite a while. When Mike When Mike When Mike When Mike [Michael] Katz took over as the [Michael] Katz took over as the [Michael] Katz took over as the [Michael] Katz took over as the medical membership director, he decided to change the whole medical membership director, he decided to change the whole medical membership director, he decided to change the whole medical membership director, he decided to change the whole panel of membership. panel of membership. panel of membership. panel of membership. That was good for me, because it had been a lot of work for 10 years.That was good for me, because it had been a lot of work for 10 years.That was good for me, because it had been a lot of work for 10 years.That was good for me, because it had been a lot of work for 10 years.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was a lot It was a lot It was a lot It was a lot of work in terms of reviewing grants and all of that. of work in terms of reviewing grants and all of that. of work in terms of reviewing grants and all of that. of work in terms of reviewing grants and all of that. LetLetLetLet’’’’s see, there were s see, there were s see, there were s see, there were a a a a few other things. I was also invited to many, many meetings. few other things. I was also invited to many, many meetings. few other things. I was also invited to many, many meetings. few other things. I was also invited to many, many meetings. ItItItIt’’’’s all in my CV s all in my CV s all in my CV s all in my CV [curriculum [curriculum [curriculum [curriculum vitae].vitae].vitae].vitae].

DR. GARTNER: Yes, it’s a very impressive CV. I don’t think I’ve ever seen anyone with so many papers. [Laughs] I think it’s over 500?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Not quite, but close to Not quite, but close to Not quite, but close to Not quite, but close to it. it. it. it. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s my goal. s my goal. s my goal. s my goal. I want to publish 500.I want to publish 500.I want to publish 500.I want to publish 500.

DR. GARTNER: I think you’re over 500 already. [Laughs]

47

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And IAnd IAnd IAnd I’’’’ve been to many international meetings, by invitation. ve been to many international meetings, by invitation. ve been to many international meetings, by invitation. ve been to many international meetings, by invitation. One of the things I One of the things I One of the things I One of the things I always advise my young people is that if somebody invites always advise my young people is that if somebody invites always advise my young people is that if somebody invites always advise my young people is that if somebody invites you, please donyou, please donyou, please donyou, please don’’’’t turn it down, t turn it down, t turn it down, t turn it down, because if you turn one down, people will hear because if you turn one down, people will hear because if you turn one down, people will hear because if you turn one down, people will hear about it and they will never come back and about it and they will never come back and about it and they will never come back and about it and they will never come back and invite you.invite you.invite you.invite you.

DR. GARTNER: That’s true.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I never turn down an I never turn down an I never turn down an I never turn down an invitation unless I have a commitment already for a certain date, invitation unless I have a commitment already for a certain date, invitation unless I have a commitment already for a certain date, invitation unless I have a commitment already for a certain date, and Iand Iand Iand I’’’’ve never ve never ve never ve never accepted a meeting assignment and then not show up accepted a meeting assignment and then not show up accepted a meeting assignment and then not show up accepted a meeting assignment and then not show up ———— never, never in my never, never in my never, never in my never, never in my lifetime. lifetime. lifetime. lifetime. In fact, one time, was it 1978, there was a huge snowstorm here in In fact, one time, was it 1978, there was a huge snowstorm here in In fact, one time, was it 1978, there was a huge snowstorm here in In fact, one time, was it 1978, there was a huge snowstorm here in Rhode Island. The Rhode Island. The Rhode Island. The Rhode Island. The whole state was paralyzed for one week. whole state was paralyzed for one week. whole state was paralyzed for one week. whole state was paralyzed for one week. Everything was Everything was Everything was Everything was closed. closed. closed. closed. The highway was closed, the The highway was closed, the The highway was closed, the The highway was closed, the airport was closed, and I had an invitation airport was closed, and I had an invitation airport was closed, and I had an invitation airport was closed, and I had an invitation from Portland, Oregon. from Portland, Oregon. from Portland, Oregon. from Portland, Oregon. John [W.] Reynolds invited John [W.] Reynolds invited John [W.] Reynolds invited John [W.] Reynolds invited me to speak on a Friday me to speak on a Friday me to speak on a Friday me to speak on a Friday morning at 11:00, and the storm hit on Monday that week. morning at 11:00, and the storm hit on Monday that week. morning at 11:00, and the storm hit on Monday that week. morning at 11:00, and the storm hit on Monday that week. Everything Everything Everything Everything was was was was paralyzed. paralyzed. paralyzed. paralyzed. So starting on Tuesday, I started calling John, So starting on Tuesday, I started calling John, So starting on Tuesday, I started calling John, So starting on Tuesday, I started calling John, ““““John, I donJohn, I donJohn, I donJohn, I don’’’’t know t know t know t know if I can if I can if I can if I can make it, because the airport is closed. make it, because the airport is closed. make it, because the airport is closed. make it, because the airport is closed. [Boston[Boston[Boston[Boston’’’’s] Logan s] Logan s] Logan s] Logan [International Airport] is closed. [International Airport] is closed. [International Airport] is closed. [International Airport] is closed. Everything is closed.Everything is closed.Everything is closed.Everything is closed.” ” ” ” I couldnI couldnI couldnI couldn’’’’t get out t get out t get out t get out of my house. of my house. of my house. of my house. I was snowed in. I was snowed in. I was snowed in. I was snowed in. The good news is that The good news is that The good news is that The good news is that the whole family was the whole family was the whole family was the whole family was snowed in. snowed in. snowed in. snowed in. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Well, thatWell, thatWell, thatWell, that’’’’s okay. s okay. s okay. s okay. IIII’’’’m sure it will be open by then.m sure it will be open by then.m sure it will be open by then.m sure it will be open by then.” ” ” ” Wednesday came, still closed. Wednesday came, still closed. Wednesday came, still closed. Wednesday came, still closed. Then he said, Then he said, Then he said, Then he said, ““““Well, I better prepare something Well, I better prepare something Well, I better prepare something Well, I better prepare something to talk on your to talk on your to talk on your to talk on your behalf.behalf.behalf.behalf.” ” ” ” Thursday came and the airport was still is closed, so I Thursday came and the airport was still is closed, so I Thursday came and the airport was still is closed, so I Thursday came and the airport was still is closed, so I called him. called him. called him. called him. ““““John,John,John,John,” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““you you you you

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may have to speak for me the next day, because may have to speak for me the next day, because may have to speak for me the next day, because may have to speak for me the next day, because I canI canI canI can’’’’t be at a threet be at a threet be at a threet be at a three----day meeting for you.day meeting for you.day meeting for you.day meeting for you.” ” ” ” Then Friday morning the airport Then Friday morning the airport Then Friday morning the airport Then Friday morning the airport opened up, so I took a taxi, ran to the airport, took theopened up, so I took a taxi, ran to the airport, took theopened up, so I took a taxi, ran to the airport, took theopened up, so I took a taxi, ran to the airport, took the

6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 am flight and landed at Portland, Oregon, at 9:30 am. am flight and landed at Portland, Oregon, at 9:30 am. am flight and landed at Portland, Oregon, at 9:30 am. am flight and landed at Portland, Oregon, at 9:30 am. I got to the meeting I got to the meeting I got to the meeting I got to the meeting place at 10:30 place at 10:30 place at 10:30 place at 10:30 am and got up on the podium and spoke at 11:00 a.m.am and got up on the podium and spoke at 11:00 a.m.am and got up on the podium and spoke at 11:00 a.m.am and got up on the podium and spoke at 11:00 a.m.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: That was That was That was That was the closest one I ever had.the closest one I ever had.the closest one I ever had.the closest one I ever had.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a good story to tell.s a good story to tell.s a good story to tell.s a good story to tell.

DR. GARTNER: Your C of commitment — CROWNS.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Exactly.Exactly.Exactly.Exactly.

DR. GARTNER: That’s it, C. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Commitment is very important.Commitment is very important.Commitment is very important.Commitment is very important.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. Well, thank you. I’d like to turn a little bit to talk about pediatrics in general, not just neonatology, but pediatrics in general. We’ll

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get back to neonatology in a moment. You’ve been a department chairman, and you obviously are involved in the broad aspects of pediatrics. I’d like some views on sort of how you feel about the

development of pediatrics up to this time, froma historical perspective.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Well, as you know, Well, as you know, Well, as you know, Well, as you know, historically, pediatrics was a division of medicine, long time ago. historically, pediatrics was a division of medicine, long time ago. historically, pediatrics was a division of medicine, long time ago. historically, pediatrics was a division of medicine, long time ago. In fact, we In fact, we In fact, we In fact, we had several chairmen of pediatricshad several chairmen of pediatricshad several chairmen of pediatricshad several chairmen of pediatrics

who were internists. who were internists. who were internists. who were internists. Pediatrics has always been considered as a microPediatrics has always been considered as a microPediatrics has always been considered as a microPediatrics has always been considered as a micro---- medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. I think we I think we I think we I think we have have have have come a long way in changing that. come a long way in changing that. come a long way in changing that. come a long way in changing that. We really have come a long way. We really have come a long way. We really have come a long way. We really have come a long way. There is There is There is There is only one only one only one only one thing that I see as a trend, which I like to express my own opinion in, thing that I see as a trend, which I like to express my own opinion in, thing that I see as a trend, which I like to express my own opinion in, thing that I see as a trend, which I like to express my own opinion in, and that is that we and that is that we and that is that we and that is that we especially should not forgetespecially should not forgetespecially should not forgetespecially should not forget

the fact that the fact that the fact that the fact that we are pediatricians. we are pediatricians. we are pediatricians. we are pediatricians. Neonatologist, critical care, whatever you are, you are Neonatologist, critical care, whatever you are, you are Neonatologist, critical care, whatever you are, you are Neonatologist, critical care, whatever you are, you are still still still still basically a pediatrician. basically a pediatrician. basically a pediatrician. basically a pediatrician. I learned that from Joe St. Geme. Joe is a very I learned that from Joe St. Geme. Joe is a very I learned that from Joe St. Geme. Joe is a very I learned that from Joe St. Geme. Joe is a very avid advocate for avid advocate for avid advocate for avid advocate for ““““pediatrician one day, pediatrician forever.pediatrician one day, pediatrician forever.pediatrician one day, pediatrician forever.pediatrician one day, pediatrician forever.” ” ” ” We were made to We were made to We were made to We were made to attend all his pediatric attend all his pediatric attend all his pediatric attend all his pediatric conferences, whether one was to be a neonatologist, or conferences, whether one was to be a neonatologist, or conferences, whether one was to be a neonatologist, or conferences, whether one was to be a neonatologist, or geneticist or whatever. geneticist or whatever. geneticist or whatever. geneticist or whatever. But now itBut now itBut now itBut now it’’’’s s s s very different. very different. very different. very different. I donI donI donI don’’’’t see the t see the t see the t see the neonatologist, the critical care people, the emergency medicine neonatologist, the critical care people, the emergency medicine neonatologist, the critical care people, the emergency medicine neonatologist, the critical care people, the emergency medicine people attending people attending people attending people attending the ward in pediatrics. the ward in pediatrics. the ward in pediatrics. the ward in pediatrics. In fact, I was the only one when IIn fact, I was the only one when IIn fact, I was the only one when IIn fact, I was the only one when I

was was was was in neonatology to volunteer my service to be in the ward service. in neonatology to volunteer my service to be in the ward service. in neonatology to volunteer my service to be in the ward service. in neonatology to volunteer my service to be in the ward service. I found it I found it I found it I found it very, very very, very very, very very, very exciting to see a part of pediatrics and talk about fevers of unknown exciting to see a part of pediatrics and talk about fevers of unknown exciting to see a part of pediatrics and talk about fevers of unknown exciting to see a part of pediatrics and talk about fevers of unknown origin. origin. origin. origin. It was very It was very It was very It was very challenging. challenging. challenging. challenging. When I was attending, I volunteered myself When I was attending, I volunteered myself When I was attending, I volunteered myself When I was attending, I volunteered myself two weeks in the general ward. two weeks in the general ward. two weeks in the general ward. two weeks in the general ward. I I I I always had a copy of always had a copy of always had a copy of always had a copy of NelsonNelsonNelsonNelson’’’’s s s s [[[[Textbook of PediatricsTextbook of PediatricsTextbook of PediatricsTextbook of Pediatrics] on my bedside. ] on my bedside. ] on my bedside. ] on my bedside. I never knew who was I never knew who was I never knew who was I never knew who was going going going going to call me. to call me. to call me. to call me. I may not remember what it was, and I would have to open upI may not remember what it was, and I would have to open upI may not remember what it was, and I would have to open upI may not remember what it was, and I would have to open up

and read a little bit inside.and read a little bit inside.and read a little bit inside.and read a little bit inside.


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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But I still think we need But I still think we need But I still think we need But I still think we need to push for more involvement in pediatrics. to push for more involvement in pediatrics. to push for more involvement in pediatrics. to push for more involvement in pediatrics. ItItItIt’’’’s getting to be s getting to be s getting to be s getting to be too too too too isolated.isolated.isolated.isolated.

DR. GARTNER: Too separated.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The specialty is too separated. The specialty is too separated. The specialty is too separated. The specialty is too separated. In fact, Jerry [Jerold F.] Lucey In fact, Jerry [Jerold F.] Lucey In fact, Jerry [Jerold F.] Lucey In fact, Jerry [Jerold F.] Lucey will probably will probably will probably will probably remember this. remember this. remember this. remember this. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know if we talked about it ort know if we talked about it ort know if we talked about it ort know if we talked about it or

not. not. not. not. About 20 years ago, when neonatology was being developed, there was a big About 20 years ago, when neonatology was being developed, there was a big About 20 years ago, when neonatology was being developed, there was a big About 20 years ago, when neonatology was being developed, there was a big meeting. It meeting. It meeting. It meeting. It was, I think, an Academy meeting, at which a group of neonatologists was, I think, an Academy meeting, at which a group of neonatologists was, I think, an Academy meeting, at which a group of neonatologists was, I think, an Academy meeting, at which a group of neonatologists got together and wanted got together and wanted got together and wanted got together and wanted to separate out of the Academy.to separate out of the Academy.to separate out of the Academy.to separate out of the Academy.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: To form their own To form their own To form their own To form their own organization.organization.organization.organization.

DR. GARTNER: He does talk about that.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I was vehemently against it. I was vehemently against it. I was vehemently against it. I was vehemently against it. I really I really I really I really spoke about, spoke about, spoke about, spoke about, ““““We canWe canWe canWe can’’’’t do this. t do this. t do this. t do this. We are all We are all We are all We are all pediatricians. pediatricians. pediatricians. pediatricians. We need to be in a We need to be in a We need to be in a We need to be in a pediatric organization.pediatric organization.pediatric organization.pediatric organization.” ” ” ” They wanted to form their own They wanted to form their own They wanted to form their own They wanted to form their own society of neonatology society of neonatology society of neonatology society of neonatology separate from the Academy.separate from the Academy.separate from the Academy.separate from the Academy.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Which is wrong, I think. Which is wrong, I think. Which is wrong, I think. Which is wrong, I think. Right now, the Academy is very Right now, the Academy is very Right now, the Academy is very Right now, the Academy is very smart. smart. smart. smart. They did it the other They did it the other They did it the other They did it the other way around.way around.way around.way around.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They got everybody in.They got everybody in.They got everybody in.They got everybody in.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So everybody is So everybody is So everybody is So everybody is part of the Academy.part of the Academy.part of the Academy.part of the Academy.

DR. GARTNER: That’s true. The Academy has become very important in the whole move.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a good thing, a very good thing. s a good thing, a very good thing. s a good thing, a very good thing. s a good thing, a very good thing. A very smart move. A very smart move. A very smart move. A very smart move. Somebody was very Somebody was very Somebody was very Somebody was very smart in smart in smart in smart in those days.those days.those days.those days.

DR. GARTNER: I think there was a similar thing at the SPR [Society forPediatric Research] and APS [American Pediatric Society] —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, since Yes, since Yes, since Yes, since then.then.then.then.

DR. GARTNER: — to separate off neonatology, and people said no.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. Yes, yes. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s not right. s not right. s not right. s not right. I I I I think we are all pediatricians.think we are all pediatricians.think we are all pediatricians.think we are all pediatricians.

DR. GARTNER: Right. I agree.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And I suspect that for many years to come And I suspect that for many years to come And I suspect that for many years to come And I suspect that for many years to come it should stay like this, although the it should stay like this, although the it should stay like this, although the it should stay like this, although the downside of it is that the meetings get downside of it is that the meetings get downside of it is that the meetings get downside of it is that the meetings get to be too big.to be too big.to be too big.to be too big.

You still remember the days at the boardwalk, You still remember the days at the boardwalk, You still remember the days at the boardwalk, You still remember the days at the boardwalk, right?right?right?right?

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DR. GARTNER: Oh, yes. I loved those meetings in Atlantic City.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Two, three hundred people. Two, three hundred people. Two, three hundred people. Two, three hundred people. You walked on the boardwalk, and you admired all these You walked on the boardwalk, and you admired all these You walked on the boardwalk, and you admired all these You walked on the boardwalk, and you admired all these big names. big names. big names. big names. You know, You know, You know, You know, theretheretherethere’’’’s sos sos sos so----andandandand---- so, Dr. [Ralph] Platou.so, Dr. [Ralph] Platou.so, Dr. [Ralph] Platou.so, Dr. [Ralph] Platou.

50


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Dear Dr. Platou. Dear Dr. Platou. Dear Dr. Platou. Dear Dr. Platou. He He He He was my examiner, you know.was my examiner, you know.was my examiner, you know.was my examiner, you know.

DR. GARTNER: Ah. What about the scientific advances in pediatrics over the last 50 years?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I think we have done a lot. I think we have done a lot. I think we have done a lot. I think we have done a lot. WeWeWeWe’’’’ve come a long way. ve come a long way. ve come a long way. ve come a long way. I I I I mean, in the days I was in mean, in the days I was in mean, in the days I was in mean, in the days I was in

training, there was no such thing as genomics. What training, there was no such thing as genomics. What training, there was no such thing as genomics. What training, there was no such thing as genomics. What you knew about genetics was you knew about genetics was you knew about genetics was you knew about genetics was chromosome 21, the oldchromosome 21, the oldchromosome 21, the oldchromosome 21, the old----fashioned chromosome 21 and fashioned chromosome 21 and fashioned chromosome 21 and fashioned chromosome 21 and the older mom, and the younger mom. the older mom, and the younger mom. the older mom, and the younger mom. the older mom, and the younger mom. But today, all this genetics, itBut today, all this genetics, itBut today, all this genetics, itBut today, all this genetics, it’’’’s s s s mindmindmindmind----boggling. Sometimes itboggling. Sometimes itboggling. Sometimes itboggling. Sometimes it’’’’s really scary. s really scary. s really scary. s really scary. In my own In my own In my own In my own service, when something service, when something service, when something service, when something comes up like this, I have to go back and read, because you get comes up like this, I have to go back and read, because you get comes up like this, I have to go back and read, because you get comes up like this, I have to go back and read, because you get behind. We have behind. We have behind. We have behind. We have done a lot. done a lot. done a lot. done a lot. There have been a lot of advances, particularly in molecular There have been a lot of advances, particularly in molecular There have been a lot of advances, particularly in molecular There have been a lot of advances, particularly in molecular biology. biology. biology. biology. ItItItIt’’’’s changing so much, and it really improves the health outcome a s changing so much, and it really improves the health outcome a s changing so much, and it really improves the health outcome a s changing so much, and it really improves the health outcome a lot. lot. lot. lot. Today, for Today, for Today, for Today, for

instance, you make a diagnosis of congenital heart way before instance, you make a diagnosis of congenital heart way before instance, you make a diagnosis of congenital heart way before instance, you make a diagnosis of congenital heart way before the baby is born. the baby is born. the baby is born. the baby is born. We had a CF We had a CF We had a CF We had a CF [cystic fibrosis] case last month that was [cystic fibrosis] case last month that was [cystic fibrosis] case last month that was [cystic fibrosis] case last month that was diagnosed in utero. diagnosed in utero. diagnosed in utero. diagnosed in utero. When the kid came in with a When the kid came in with a When the kid came in with a When the kid came in with a distended belly, you knew what distended belly, you knew what distended belly, you knew what distended belly, you knew what it was, meconium ileus. it was, meconium ileus. it was, meconium ileus. it was, meconium ileus. The diagnosis was already made. The diagnosis was already made. The diagnosis was already made. The diagnosis was already made. In In In In

the old days, you the old days, you the old days, you the old days, you had to figure out what the differential was, and you had to wait six months had to figure out what the differential was, and you had to wait six months had to figure out what the differential was, and you had to wait six months had to figure out what the differential was, and you had to wait six months to to to to get a sweat test done. get a sweat test done. get a sweat test done. get a sweat test done. No more. No more. No more. No more. ItItItIt’’’’s all gone. s all gone. s all gone. s all gone. ItItItIt’’’’s exciting to be practicing s exciting to be practicing s exciting to be practicing s exciting to be practicing in this day with in this day with in this day with in this day with

so many advances. so many advances. so many advances. so many advances. And itAnd itAnd itAnd it’’’’s all because of research.s all because of research.s all because of research.s all because of research.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: One of One of One of One of the things that makes neonatology so attractive is the foundation is in the things that makes neonatology so attractive is the foundation is in the things that makes neonatology so attractive is the foundation is in the things that makes neonatology so attractive is the foundation is in

perinatal biology.perinatal biology.perinatal biology.perinatal biology.

DR. GARTNER: Yes

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And molecular genetics. And molecular genetics. And molecular genetics. And molecular genetics. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the foundation of s the foundation of s the foundation of s the foundation of neonatology.neonatology.neonatology.neonatology.

DR. GARTNER: Where do you see pediatrics in general, not just neonatology, but pediatrics in general going in the next 25 years? How do you see it changing? Is it going to change? Are we

going to see a different kind of pediatrics?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The good news is The good news is The good news is The good news is that there will be more and more new discoveries that will improve that there will be more and more new discoveries that will improve that there will be more and more new discoveries that will improve that there will be more and more new discoveries that will improve the the the the diagnosis, and treatment and outcome. diagnosis, and treatment and outcome. diagnosis, and treatment and outcome. diagnosis, and treatment and outcome. The bad news, quite frankly, is the The bad news, quite frankly, is the The bad news, quite frankly, is the The bad news, quite frankly, is the invasion of invasion of invasion of invasion of

regulatory agencies reallyregulatory agencies reallyregulatory agencies reallyregulatory agencies really

changing the way we changing the way we changing the way we changing the way we practice pediatrics. practice pediatrics. practice pediatrics. practice pediatrics. You hear it a lot from pediatricians out there. You hear it a lot from pediatricians out there. You hear it a lot from pediatricians out there. You hear it a lot from pediatricians out there. You You You You know know know know they spend a lot of time on paperwork. they spend a lot of time on paperwork. they spend a lot of time on paperwork. they spend a lot of time on paperwork. Remember a few years ago when we had the Remember a few years ago when we had the Remember a few years ago when we had the Remember a few years ago when we had the early discharge? early discharge? early discharge? early discharge? That was probably regulatory invasion.That was probably regulatory invasion.That was probably regulatory invasion.That was probably regulatory invasion.

51

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I fought very hard for the Academy. I fought very hard for the Academy. I fought very hard for the Academy. I fought very hard for the Academy. I was theI was theI was theI was the

chairman chairman chairman chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. But thereBut thereBut thereBut there’’’’s nothing you can do about it. s nothing you can do about it. s nothing you can do about it. s nothing you can do about it. ItItItIt’’’’s all s all s all s all tttthhhheeee iiiinnnnssssuuuurrrraaaannnncccceeee ppppeeeeoooopppplllleeee ddddrrrriiiivvvviiiinnnngggg iiiitttt....

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DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We had a kid last month that was in We had a kid last month that was in We had a kid last month that was in We had a kid last month that was in service, was discharged at 24 hours, because the service, was discharged at 24 hours, because the service, was discharged at 24 hours, because the service, was discharged at 24 hours, because the insurance company said you had insurance company said you had insurance company said you had insurance company said you had to discharge the kid. to discharge the kid. to discharge the kid. to discharge the kid. He came back four days later, bilirubin He came back four days later, bilirubin He came back four days later, bilirubin He came back four days later, bilirubin at 35. at 35. at 35. at 35. It was a It was a It was a It was a very bright mother, a good pediatrician, well screened and all that, but you very bright mother, a good pediatrician, well screened and all that, but you very bright mother, a good pediatrician, well screened and all that, but you very bright mother, a good pediatrician, well screened and all that, but you dondondondon’’’’t have the baby under your control environment to observe. t have the baby under your control environment to observe. t have the baby under your control environment to observe. t have the baby under your control environment to observe. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s an s an s an s an example of example of example of example of regulatory invasion impeding the outcome.regulatory invasion impeding the outcome.regulatory invasion impeding the outcome.regulatory invasion impeding the outcome.

DR. GARTNER: It’s a good point.


DR. GARTNER: What other changes do you see in the future in the practice of pediatrics? Do you think the nurses and what they call “retail medicine” will become a real problem?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, to me Yes, to me Yes, to me Yes, to me thatthatthatthat’’’’s a real threat, all these MinuteClinic, they call them, in CVS s a real threat, all these MinuteClinic, they call them, in CVS s a real threat, all these MinuteClinic, they call them, in CVS s a real threat, all these MinuteClinic, they call them, in CVS stores.stores.stores.stores.

DR. GARTNER: Right, right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I mean, theyI mean, theyI mean, theyI mean, they’’’’re all coming from profit. re all coming from profit. re all coming from profit. re all coming from profit. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the bottom s the bottom s the bottom s the bottom line.line.line.line.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And IAnd IAnd IAnd I’’’’m not sure the quality is their concern. m not sure the quality is their concern. m not sure the quality is their concern. m not sure the quality is their concern. Once you have that as the Once you have that as the Once you have that as the Once you have that as the tenet, ittenet, ittenet, ittenet, it’’’’s not s not s not s not going to be good for anyone. going to be good for anyone. going to be good for anyone. going to be good for anyone. The consumerThe consumerThe consumerThe consumer

will will will will probably go for it, because itprobably go for it, because itprobably go for it, because itprobably go for it, because it’’’’s convenient for them. s convenient for them. s convenient for them. s convenient for them. ItItItIt’’’’s probably cheaper, s probably cheaper, s probably cheaper, s probably cheaper, especially if especially if especially if especially if the insurance company says theythe insurance company says theythe insurance company says theythe insurance company says they’’’’ll pay with no coll pay with no coll pay with no coll pay with no co----pay. You go for pay. You go for pay. You go for pay. You go for it, you know?it, you know?it, you know?it, you know?

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The trouble is, from what I understand, and I donThe trouble is, from what I understand, and I donThe trouble is, from what I understand, and I donThe trouble is, from what I understand, and I don’’’’t know much about t know much about t know much about t know much about the way they the way they the way they the way they practice in those retail clinics, itpractice in those retail clinics, itpractice in those retail clinics, itpractice in those retail clinics, it’’’’s all based on a book, right? s all based on a book, right? s all based on a book, right? s all based on a book, right? A nurse practitioner or someone A nurse practitioner or someone A nurse practitioner or someone A nurse practitioner or someone will be reading the book. You might as well go will be reading the book. You might as well go will be reading the book. You might as well go will be reading the book. You might as well go onto the Internet, go to Google.onto the Internet, go to Google.onto the Internet, go to Google.onto the Internet, go to Google.

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DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The same thing.The same thing.The same thing.The same thing.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s s s s what scares me. what scares me. what scares me. what scares me. If that becomes more and more popularized, there will be If that becomes more and more popularized, there will be If that becomes more and more popularized, there will be If that becomes more and more popularized, there will be less less less less and less people who want to go into medicine and go into pediatrics, and less people who want to go into medicine and go into pediatrics, and less people who want to go into medicine and go into pediatrics, and less people who want to go into medicine and go into pediatrics, particularly particularly particularly particularly pediatrics. pediatrics. pediatrics. pediatrics. And then we will have medical problems.And then we will have medical problems.And then we will have medical problems.And then we will have medical problems.

DR. GARTNER: I hope not, but I think that is a legitimate fear. What major breakthroughs in

research do you think might come up in the next 25 years?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In pediatrics or neonatology?In pediatrics or neonatology?In pediatrics or neonatology?In pediatrics or neonatology?

DR. GARTNER: If you look at the crystal ball, in pediatrics in general.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Genetics, I think, is what the need is. Genetics, I think, is what the need is. Genetics, I think, is what the need is. Genetics, I think, is what the need is. All the discoveries are going to come from that. All the discoveries are going to come from that. All the discoveries are going to come from that. All the discoveries are going to come from that. Right now weRight now weRight now weRight now we’’’’re having trouble re having trouble re having trouble re having trouble with thewith thewith thewith the

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genetic engineering and gene therapy, but eventually genetic engineering and gene therapy, but eventually genetic engineering and gene therapy, but eventually genetic engineering and gene therapy, but eventually wewewewe’’’’ll get there.ll get there.ll get there.ll get there.

DR. GARTNER: The breakthroughs will come.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Once we get that. Once we get that. Once we get that. Once we get that. And the other major And the other major And the other major And the other major breakthrough will be true molecular biology. breakthrough will be true molecular biology. breakthrough will be true molecular biology. breakthrough will be true molecular biology. We may be able to reduce the We may be able to reduce the We may be able to reduce the We may be able to reduce the problem of congenital malformations. problem of congenital malformations. problem of congenital malformations. problem of congenital malformations. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s our big problem s our big problem s our big problem s our big problem right now, right now, right now, right now, congenital anomalies. congenital anomalies. congenital anomalies. congenital anomalies. Once we understand how these defects come about, there Once we understand how these defects come about, there Once we understand how these defects come about, there Once we understand how these defects come about, there will be a way that we can prevent them. will be a way that we can prevent them. will be a way that we can prevent them. will be a way that we can prevent them. Neural tube defects are an Neural tube defects are an Neural tube defects are an Neural tube defects are an example.example.example.example.

DR. GARTNER: Right, right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: What, 30, 40 years ago we didnWhat, 30, 40 years ago we didnWhat, 30, 40 years ago we didnWhat, 30, 40 years ago we didn’’’’t have any clue how to prevent them. t have any clue how to prevent them. t have any clue how to prevent them. t have any clue how to prevent them. Now with the Now with the Now with the Now with the folic acid story, that really changed the picture.folic acid story, that really changed the picture.folic acid story, that really changed the picture.folic acid story, that really changed the picture.

DR. GARTNER: It’s often a simple answer. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Exactly, yes.Exactly, yes.Exactly, yes.Exactly, yes.

DR. GARTNER: It’s true. Well, let’s turn now to neonatology, some of the broad aspects. You already talked about Michael Reese. Is there anything else to talk about in terms of some of the origins? Certainly American neonatology and preemie units came from Michael Reese, and I

wonder if there’s anything else about Julius Hess, particularly, and his contributions that you recall from your years there. Is there anything we didn’t cover?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think there are a few other things. I think there are a few other things. I think there are a few other things. I think there are a few other things. For instance, I mentioned Clem Smith For instance, I mentioned Clem Smith For instance, I mentioned Clem Smith For instance, I mentioned Clem Smith earlier. earlier. earlier. earlier. I I I I think he really was one of the very few people in those days who think he really was one of the very few people in those days who think he really was one of the very few people in those days who think he really was one of the very few people in those days who made very major made very major made very major made very major contributions, just talking about feeding alone. contributions, just talking about feeding alone. contributions, just talking about feeding alone. contributions, just talking about feeding alone. We used to We used to We used to We used to starve those kids for three to five starve those kids for three to five starve those kids for three to five starve those kids for three to five days, and he was one of those who said, days, and he was one of those who said, days, and he was one of those who said, days, and he was one of those who said, ““““Why Why Why Why are you starving these kids? are you starving these kids? are you starving these kids? are you starving these kids? You need to feed You need to feed You need to feed You need to feed them and give them fluid.them and give them fluid.them and give them fluid.them and give them fluid.” ” ” ” So he So he So he So he was one of the very important persons in the field. was one of the very important persons in the field. was one of the very important persons in the field. was one of the very important persons in the field. Bill Bill Bill Bill Silverman is another Silverman is another Silverman is another Silverman is another who comes to mind. who comes to mind. who comes to mind. who comes to mind. He was a giant. He was a giant. He was a giant. He was a giant. He was somewhat controversial at He was somewhat controversial at He was somewhat controversial at He was somewhat controversial at the time, the time, the time, the time, but he did a lot of things. but he did a lot of things. but he did a lot of things. but he did a lot of things. IIII’’’’m sure some of the other people Im sure some of the other people Im sure some of the other people Im sure some of the other people I’’’’ll be ll be ll be ll be mentioning will be mentioning will be mentioning will be mentioning will be in the list. in the list. in the list. in the list. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know who the people are.t know who the people are.t know who the people are.t know who the people are.

DR. GARTNER: We’ve done —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: On the On the On the On the list, but people like Mel [Mary Ellen] Avery.list, but people like Mel [Mary Ellen] Avery.list, but people like Mel [Mary Ellen] Avery.list, but people like Mel [Mary Ellen] Avery.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No question about it. No question about it. No question about it. No question about it. She made She made She made She made the contribution of surfactant.the contribution of surfactant.the contribution of surfactant.the contribution of surfactant.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Look at the outcome of hyaline membrane Look at the outcome of hyaline membrane Look at the outcome of hyaline membrane Look at the outcome of hyaline membrane today. today. today. today. ItItItIt’’’’s night and day just on the basis s night and day just on the basis s night and day just on the basis s night and day just on the basis of that one fetal research. of that one fetal research. of that one fetal research. of that one fetal research. A lot A lot A lot A lot of other people. of other people. of other people. of other people. I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to mention just a few. t want to mention just a few. t want to mention just a few. t want to mention just a few. There are There are There are There are so many other so many other so many other so many other people who made major contributions. people who made major contributions. people who made major contributions. people who made major contributions. From the standpoint of the institution, I From the standpoint of the institution, I From the standpoint of the institution, I From the standpoint of the institution, I think Michael Reese stood out. think Michael Reese stood out. think Michael Reese stood out. think Michael Reese stood out. No question about it. No question about it. No question about it. No question about it. I think Boston ChildrenI think Boston ChildrenI think Boston ChildrenI think Boston Children’’’’s s s s [Children[Children[Children[Children’’’’s s s s Hospital Boston] and Harriet Lane [Home] fromHospital Boston] and Harriet Lane [Home] fromHospital Boston] and Harriet Lane [Home] fromHospital Boston] and Harriet Lane [Home] from————

DR. GARTNER: [Johns] Hopkins [Hospital].

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Hopkins and Hopkins and Hopkins and Hopkins and Virginia Apgar. Virginia Apgar. Virginia Apgar. Virginia Apgar. Those are all major. Those are all major. Those are all major. Those are all major. And [L.] Stanley James made a And [L.] Stanley James made a And [L.] Stanley James made a And [L.] Stanley James made a major major major major contribution, along with Virginia Apgar. Those are big people in maternalcontribution, along with Virginia Apgar. Those are big people in maternalcontribution, along with Virginia Apgar. Those are big people in maternalcontribution, along with Virginia Apgar. Those are big people in maternal----fetal fetal fetal fetal

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medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. I think we should thank those people, [Roberto] CaldeyroI think we should thank those people, [Roberto] CaldeyroI think we should thank those people, [Roberto] CaldeyroI think we should thank those people, [Roberto] Caldeyro----Barcia, Barcia, Barcia, Barcia, Karlis Adamson, Karlis Adamson, Karlis Adamson, Karlis Adamson, Bill [Sir AlbertBill [Sir AlbertBill [Sir AlbertBill [Sir Albert

William] Liley, the major, William] Liley, the major, William] Liley, the major, William] Liley, the major, major players in understanding fetal physiology. Imajor players in understanding fetal physiology. Imajor players in understanding fetal physiology. Imajor players in understanding fetal physiology. I’’’’m still a firm m still a firm m still a firm m still a firm believer that believer that believer that believer that neonatology cannot advance without handneonatology cannot advance without handneonatology cannot advance without handneonatology cannot advance without hand----inininin---- hand cooperation with the hand cooperation with the hand cooperation with the hand cooperation with the maternalmaternalmaternalmaternal----fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. The obstetriciansThe obstetriciansThe obstetriciansThe obstetricians’’’’s the key.s the key.s the key.s the key.

DR. GARTNER: Right. I think the two have to be wedded.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And nursing as well. And nursing as well. And nursing as well. And nursing as well. Nurses have to be a part of the picture. Nurses have to be a part of the picture. Nurses have to be a part of the picture. Nurses have to be a part of the picture. The The The The first faculty I first faculty I first faculty I first faculty I recruited when I came here was a nurse, Dorisrecruited when I came here was a nurse, Dorisrecruited when I came here was a nurse, Dorisrecruited when I came here was a nurse, Doris

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[J.] Biester. [J.] Biester. [J.] Biester. [J.] Biester. She is now the president of the She is now the president of the She is now the president of the She is now the president of the ChildrenChildrenChildrenChildren’’’’s Hospital Colorado, ins Hospital Colorado, ins Hospital Colorado, ins Hospital Colorado, in

Denver.Denver.Denver.Denver.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Terrific.Terrific.Terrific.Terrific.

DR. GARTNER: She’s done well.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Doris.Doris.Doris.Doris.

DR. GARTNER: I know her name.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And thatAnd thatAnd thatAnd that’’’’s why I go back to Hess. s why I go back to Hess. s why I go back to Hess. s why I go back to Hess. He wouldnHe wouldnHe wouldnHe wouldn’’’’t have been successful t have been successful t have been successful t have been successful without Evelyn without Evelyn without Evelyn without Evelyn Lundeen.Lundeen.Lundeen.Lundeen.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a mutual thing.s a mutual thing.s a mutual thing.s a mutual thing.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t think Evelyn Lundeen t think Evelyn Lundeen t think Evelyn Lundeen t think Evelyn Lundeen would have been successful without Hess on her side. would have been successful without Hess on her side. would have been successful without Hess on her side. would have been successful without Hess on her side. The two made a good The two made a good The two made a good The two made a good team.team.team.team.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. That’s a very good point.


DR. GARTNER: When did you see yourself as a, in name, a “neonatologist?” Do you have any idea when you realized that you were a neonatologist?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I remember when I came here in 1974, I spent a lot of my time explaining to I remember when I came here in 1974, I spent a lot of my time explaining to I remember when I came here in 1974, I spent a lot of my time explaining to I remember when I came here in 1974, I spent a lot of my time explaining to people people people people what I do. what I do. what I do. what I do. I imagine earlier they thought I was an obstetrician, because I imagine earlier they thought I was an obstetrician, because I imagine earlier they thought I was an obstetrician, because I imagine earlier they thought I was an obstetrician, because I deal with pregnancy I deal with pregnancy I deal with pregnancy I deal with pregnancy a lot.a lot.a lot.a lot.

DR. GARTNER: Right. Sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But at that time, we still didnBut at that time, we still didnBut at that time, we still didnBut at that time, we still didn’’’’t have the t have the t have the t have the term term term term ““““neonatology.neonatology.neonatology.neonatology.” ” ” ” The group was The group was The group was The group was struggling with perinatologist, struggling with perinatologist, struggling with perinatologist, struggling with perinatologist, neonatologist, neonatalneonatologist, neonatalneonatologist, neonatalneonatologist, neonatal----perinatal medicine, et cetera. perinatal medicine, et cetera. perinatal medicine, et cetera. perinatal medicine, et cetera. So we So we So we So we finally settled on finally settled on finally settled on finally settled on neonatalneonatalneonatalneonatal---- perinatal medicine and neonatologist being the name for the perinatal medicine and neonatologist being the name for the perinatal medicine and neonatologist being the name for the perinatal medicine and neonatologist being the name for the people people people people involved, and now they call themselves neos involved, and now they call themselves neos involved, and now they call themselves neos involved, and now they call themselves neos ———— you know, neo, nyou know, neo, nyou know, neo, nyou know, neo, n----eeee----o. o. o. o. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s s s s short forshort forshort forshort for

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————

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DR. GARTNER: Oh it’s a short form of neonatologist, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I hate that.I hate that.I hate that.I hate that.

DR. GARTNER: I haven’t heard them use that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, yes, you see some of them Oh, yes, you see some of them Oh, yes, you see some of them Oh, yes, you see some of them ———— neo. neo. neo. neo. Oh, Oh, Oh, Oh, yes. yes. yes. yes. ““““Are you neo?Are you neo?Are you neo?Are you neo?” ” ” ” ““““Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.””””

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] Who do you think came up with the name neonatology?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I remember it was in a group meeting. I remember it was in a group meeting. I remember it was in a group meeting. I remember it was in a group meeting. I donI donI donI don’’’’t remember if it was an AAP or t remember if it was an AAP or t remember if it was an AAP or t remember if it was an AAP or an SPR an SPR an SPR an SPR meeting. meeting. meeting. meeting. A group got together. A group got together. A group got together. A group got together. I remember George [A.] Little was there, I remember George [A.] Little was there, I remember George [A.] Little was there, I remember George [A.] Little was there, Jerry Lucey was Jerry Lucey was Jerry Lucey was Jerry Lucey was there, I was there, and I think Phil [Philip] Sunshine was there, I was there, and I think Phil [Philip] Sunshine was there, I was there, and I think Phil [Philip] Sunshine was there, I was there, and I think Phil [Philip] Sunshine was there. there. there. there. Four or five of us got together Four or five of us got together Four or five of us got together Four or five of us got together and said, and said, and said, and said, ““““We must come up with a formal We must come up with a formal We must come up with a formal We must come up with a formal name, nomenclature.name, nomenclature.name, nomenclature.name, nomenclature.” ” ” ” And thatAnd thatAnd thatAnd that’’’’s when the s when the s when the s when the ““““neonatologistneonatologistneonatologistneonatologist” ” ” ” came in. came in. came in. came in. Then when Then when Then when Then when the [American] Board [of Pediatrics] met a couple of the [American] Board [of Pediatrics] met a couple of the [American] Board [of Pediatrics] met a couple of the [American] Board [of Pediatrics] met a couple of years later, I was on the years later, I was on the years later, I was on the years later, I was on the Board then, and that was another thing I forgot to mention. Board then, and that was another thing I forgot to mention. Board then, and that was another thing I forgot to mention. Board then, and that was another thing I forgot to mention. I was a I was a I was a I was a member of member of member of member of the American Board of Pediatrics, the Subboard of Neonatalthe American Board of Pediatrics, the Subboard of Neonatalthe American Board of Pediatrics, the Subboard of Neonatalthe American Board of Pediatrics, the Subboard of Neonatal----Perinatal Medicine. Perinatal Medicine. Perinatal Medicine. Perinatal Medicine. We formalized it,We formalized it,We formalized it,We formalized it,

I think, in the mid 1980s, as a subI think, in the mid 1980s, as a subI think, in the mid 1980s, as a subI think, in the mid 1980s, as a sub----board in board in board in board in neonatalneonatalneonatalneonatal----perinatal medicine. perinatal medicine. perinatal medicine. perinatal medicine. But before that, But before that, But before that, But before that, there was no such thing. there was no such thing. there was no such thing. there was no such thing. We were We were We were We were struggling about what terminology to use. struggling about what terminology to use. struggling about what terminology to use. struggling about what terminology to use. It was, I would It was, I would It was, I would It was, I would say, somewhere around say, somewhere around say, somewhere around say, somewhere around the late 1970s or early 1980s, somewhere around that time.the late 1970s or early 1980s, somewhere around that time.the late 1970s or early 1980s, somewhere around that time.the late 1970s or early 1980s, somewhere around that time.

DR. GARTNER: The first board, the first neonatal board was —


DR. GARTNER: Yes, was 1975, because that’s when I took the first board.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You You You You took the board in Philadelphia, right?took the board in Philadelphia, right?took the board in Philadelphia, right?took the board in Philadelphia, right?

DR. GARTNER: That’s right, in Philadelphia.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So it must be So it must be So it must be So it must be earlier than that.earlier than that.earlier than that.earlier than that.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, it must have been before that. Jerry Lucey thought that the person who

came up originally with the name “neonatology” was Buck [Alexander] Schaffer in Baltimore. I don’t remember that, either.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Could be.Could be.Could be.Could be.

DR. GARTNER: I’ve been trying to get people to think back on that.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Could be, it must be Could be, it must be Could be, it must be Could be, it must be then, right?then, right?then, right?then, right?

DR. GARTNER: I don’t know. I’m not sure.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t know if there was anybody who named it.t know if there was anybody who named it.t know if there was anybody who named it.t know if there was anybody who named it.

DR. GARTNER: That’s really what I was —

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: It was a group thing. It was a group thing. It was a group thing. It was a group thing. DR. GARTNER: Nobody seems to know. DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No. No. No. No. Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Good. Good. Good. Good. IIII’’’’m not the only m not the only m not the only m not the only one. one. one. one. [Laughs][Laughs][Laughs][Laughs]

DR. GARTNER: Well, let’s see. Okay. Before we get into neonatology in the broader sense, tell me a little bit about what you consider your most important contributions in research, in scholarly work first.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’m one of those who doesnm one of those who doesnm one of those who doesnm one of those who doesn’’’’t t t t mind speaking negatively about myself. mind speaking negatively about myself. mind speaking negatively about myself. mind speaking negatively about myself. IIII’’’’m one of those m one of those m one of those m one of those ““““Jacks of all trades.Jacks of all trades.Jacks of all trades.Jacks of all trades.” ” ” ” IIII’’’’ve been involved with many, many areas in neonatology, but the area ve been involved with many, many areas in neonatology, but the area ve been involved with many, many areas in neonatology, but the area ve been involved with many, many areas in neonatology, but the area that I that I that I that I think I have done the most is fluid and electrolytes, and infants of diabetic think I have done the most is fluid and electrolytes, and infants of diabetic think I have done the most is fluid and electrolytes, and infants of diabetic think I have done the most is fluid and electrolytes, and infants of diabetic mothers, mothers, mothers, mothers, those two areas. those two areas. those two areas. those two areas. IIII’’’’m most proud of those two areas, and I speak very m most proud of those two areas, and I speak very m most proud of those two areas, and I speak very m most proud of those two areas, and I speak very easily without worrying easily without worrying easily without worrying easily without worrying about being not upabout being not upabout being not upabout being not up----totototo----date. date. date. date. In terms of scholarly In terms of scholarly In terms of scholarly In terms of scholarly activities, well, not so much scholarly, but activities, well, not so much scholarly, but activities, well, not so much scholarly, but activities, well, not so much scholarly, but to me, one of the most important to me, one of the most important to me, one of the most important to me, one of the most important things Ithings Ithings Ithings I’’’’ve done is to propagate the idea of regionalization. ve done is to propagate the idea of regionalization. ve done is to propagate the idea of regionalization. ve done is to propagate the idea of regionalization. I I I I think I was one think I was one think I was one think I was one of the very few people who started this idea about setting up Level II of the very few people who started this idea about setting up Level II of the very few people who started this idea about setting up Level II of the very few people who started this idea about setting up Level II nurseries nurseries nurseries nurseries around the tertiary care centers so there is backaround the tertiary care centers so there is backaround the tertiary care centers so there is backaround the tertiary care centers so there is back----andandandand----forth referrals of forth referrals of forth referrals of forth referrals of highhighhighhigh----riskriskriskrisk

neonatal and pregnancy. That really makes a lot of neonatal and pregnancy. That really makes a lot of neonatal and pregnancy. That really makes a lot of neonatal and pregnancy. That really makes a lot of sense, because they not only become sense, because they not only become sense, because they not only become sense, because they not only become programmatically very, very effective in programmatically very, very effective in programmatically very, very effective in programmatically very, very effective in delivering care, but they also create very good delivering care, but they also create very good delivering care, but they also create very good delivering care, but they also create very good camaraderie among the people in camaraderie among the people in camaraderie among the people in camaraderie among the people in the region. Unfortunately, therethe region. Unfortunately, therethe region. Unfortunately, therethe region. Unfortunately, there’’’’s a lot of bad spins a lot of bad spins a lot of bad spins a lot of bad spin----off out of off out of off out of off out of that. that. that. that. There are There are There are There are a lot of people who not only just went out there to start with a Level II a lot of people who not only just went out there to start with a Level II a lot of people who not only just went out there to start with a Level II a lot of people who not only just went out there to start with a Level II facility, facility, facility, facility, but started going up to A, to B, and then started to compete against but started going up to A, to B, and then started to compete against but started going up to A, to B, and then started to compete against but started going up to A, to B, and then started to compete against each other, which is not each other, which is not each other, which is not each other, which is not good. good. good. good. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s unfortunate. s unfortunate. s unfortunate. s unfortunate. But we still maintain the But we still maintain the But we still maintain the But we still maintain the kind of regionalization here in Rhode Island kind of regionalization here in Rhode Island kind of regionalization here in Rhode Island kind of regionalization here in Rhode Island ———— one center with four Level II one center with four Level II one center with four Level II one center with four Level II units around us, with a catchment area of about 26,000 live units around us, with a catchment area of about 26,000 live units around us, with a catchment area of about 26,000 live units around us, with a catchment area of about 26,000 live births.births.births.births.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You need to You need to You need to You need to work hand in hand with the maternalwork hand in hand with the maternalwork hand in hand with the maternalwork hand in hand with the maternal----fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. fetal medicine people. We have a We have a We have a We have a very very very very effective prenatal diagnostic center in theeffective prenatal diagnostic center in theeffective prenatal diagnostic center in theeffective prenatal diagnostic center in the

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region that takes care of all the highregion that takes care of all the highregion that takes care of all the highregion that takes care of all the high----risk pregnancies. risk pregnancies. risk pregnancies. risk pregnancies. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s how s how s how s how we get all these prenatal we get all these prenatal we get all these prenatal we get all these prenatal diagnoses diagnoses diagnoses diagnoses ———— congenital heart, gastroschisis. congenital heart, gastroschisis. congenital heart, gastroschisis. congenital heart, gastroschisis. Not only Not only Not only Not only do we know what the kid had or the do we know what the kid had or the do we know what the kid had or the do we know what the kid had or the mom had, but you give the opportunity for mom had, but you give the opportunity for mom had, but you give the opportunity for mom had, but you give the opportunity for whatwhatwhatwhat’’’’s called a prenatal consult. s called a prenatal consult. s called a prenatal consult. s called a prenatal consult. Every congenital Every congenital Every congenital Every congenital anomaly picked out by the anomaly picked out by the anomaly picked out by the anomaly picked out by the Level II ultrasound at this prenatal diagnostic center is Level II ultrasound at this prenatal diagnostic center is Level II ultrasound at this prenatal diagnostic center is Level II ultrasound at this prenatal diagnostic center is automaticallyautomaticallyautomaticallyautomatically

referred to us for a maternal interview. referred to us for a maternal interview. referred to us for a maternal interview. referred to us for a maternal interview. Yesterday I saw one mother Yesterday I saw one mother Yesterday I saw one mother Yesterday I saw one mother who has [a child with] who has [a child with] who has [a child with] who has [a child with] gastroschisis and is due in February. gastroschisis and is due in February. gastroschisis and is due in February. gastroschisis and is due in February. I got to meet her, I got to meet her, I got to meet her, I got to meet her, talk to her a little bit about what the talk to her a little bit about what the talk to her a little bit about what the talk to her a little bit about what the problem is, what she can expect, and I problem is, what she can expect, and I problem is, what she can expect, and I problem is, what she can expect, and I gave her a tour of the unit. gave her a tour of the unit. gave her a tour of the unit. gave her a tour of the unit. The continuity is so good, The continuity is so good, The continuity is so good, The continuity is so good, and it makes the and it makes the and it makes the and it makes the parents less anxious, also.parents less anxious, also.parents less anxious, also.parents less anxious, also.

DR. GARTNER: Are the mothers brought from the other hospitals to your center for delivery?


DR. GARTNER: So you’re doing maternal transports —


DR. GARTNER: — for anticipated delivery, too.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We have a contract with all of these Level II hospitals that states that they We have a contract with all of these Level II hospitals that states that they We have a contract with all of these Level II hospitals that states that they We have a contract with all of these Level II hospitals that states that they must must must must follow a certain set of referral guidelines that are medically determined. follow a certain set of referral guidelines that are medically determined. follow a certain set of referral guidelines that are medically determined. follow a certain set of referral guidelines that are medically determined. The faculty created The faculty created The faculty created The faculty created those criteria for 28those criteria for 28those criteria for 28those criteria for 28----week, 32week, 32week, 32week, 32---- week, that kind of thing. week, that kind of thing. week, that kind of thing. week, that kind of thing. And we also have a very active retro And we also have a very active retro And we also have a very active retro And we also have a very active retro transfer.transfer.transfer.transfer.

DR. GARTNER: Ah, so you return the babies.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Return the Return the Return the Return the babies. babies. babies. babies. Once they recover, they go back, which makes the parents very Once they recover, they go back, which makes the parents very Once they recover, they go back, which makes the parents very Once they recover, they go back, which makes the parents very happy. happy. happy. happy. ItItItIt’’’’s closer to them. s closer to them. s closer to them. s closer to them. And when they go back to the unit, the same neonatologist And when they go back to the unit, the same neonatologist And when they go back to the unit, the same neonatologist And when they go back to the unit, the same neonatologist is in the is in the is in the is in the tertiary care center. tertiary care center. tertiary care center. tertiary care center. They see the same neonatologist. They see the same neonatologist. They see the same neonatologist. They see the same neonatologist. So it makes So it makes So it makes So it makes the system really work. the system really work. the system really work. the system really work. But itBut itBut itBut it’’’’s got to be without competition, and run by a s got to be without competition, and run by a s got to be without competition, and run by a s got to be without competition, and run by a medical staff, because once it begins to medical staff, because once it begins to medical staff, because once it begins to medical staff, because once it begins to have competition, youhave competition, youhave competition, youhave competition, you’’’’re in re in re in re in trouble.trouble.trouble.trouble.

DR. GARTNER: That’s right. Good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s, I think, one of the things that Is, I think, one of the things that Is, I think, one of the things that Is, I think, one of the things that I’’’’m very proud of. m very proud of. m very proud of. m very proud of. The other thing IThe other thing IThe other thing IThe other thing I’’’’m very m very m very m very proud of is this GBS [group B streptococcal] proud of is this GBS [group B streptococcal] proud of is this GBS [group B streptococcal] proud of is this GBS [group B streptococcal] prevention, the strep prevention. prevention, the strep prevention. prevention, the strep prevention. prevention, the strep prevention. I feel like I I feel like I I feel like I I feel like I have done a lot about that have done a lot about that have done a lot about that have done a lot about that area. I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. area. I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. area. I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. area. I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. I just I just I just I just wanted to start wanted to start wanted to start wanted to start talking about the group B strep story. talking about the group B strep story. talking about the group B strep story. talking about the group B strep story. YouYouYouYou’’’’re familiar with re familiar with re familiar with re familiar with ————

DR. GARTNER: Yes, yes, tell us about the group B strep story.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— the prevention program we have today, the prevention program we have today, the prevention program we have today, the prevention program we have today, but back in the early 1990but back in the early 1990but back in the early 1990but back in the early 1990’’’’s, actually the s, actually the s, actually the s, actually the late 1980s, when Sam [Samuel P.] late 1980s, when Sam [Samuel P.] late 1980s, when Sam [Samuel P.] late 1980s, when Sam [Samuel P.] Gotoff did a study in 1986, [Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Gotoff did a study in 1986, [Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Gotoff did a study in 1986, [Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Gotoff did a study in 1986, [Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Prevention of early onset Prevention of early onset Prevention of early onset Prevention of early onset group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum group B streptococcal disease with selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. chemoprophylaxis. chemoprophylaxis. chemoprophylaxis. N N N N Engl J MedEngl J MedEngl J MedEngl J Med. 1986 Jun 26;314(26):1665. 1986 Jun 26;314(26):1665. 1986 Jun 26;314(26):1665. 1986 Jun 26;314(26):1665----9] showing that screening the 9] showing that screening the 9] showing that screening the 9] showing that screening the moms at moms at moms at moms at 26 or26 or26 or26 or

28 weeks and treating them during labor would prevent the 28 weeks and treating them during labor would prevent the 28 weeks and treating them during labor would prevent the 28 weeks and treating them during labor would prevent the neonatal GBSneonatal GBSneonatal GBSneonatal GBS

sepsis, right?sepsis, right?sepsis, right?sepsis, right?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The Academy published a The Academy published a The Academy published a The Academy published a statement in 1992, based on that study and five or six statement in 1992, based on that study and five or six statement in 1992, based on that study and five or six statement in 1992, based on that study and five or six others that were others that were others that were others that were confirmatory, recommending that we should screen all mothers at 26 to 28 confirmatory, recommending that we should screen all mothers at 26 to 28 confirmatory, recommending that we should screen all mothers at 26 to 28 confirmatory, recommending that we should screen all mothers at 26 to 28 weeks. weeks. weeks. weeks. You probably remember.You probably remember.You probably remember.You probably remember.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I do.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: It didnIt didnIt didnIt didn’’’’t work well because the obstetricians were never t work well because the obstetricians were never t work well because the obstetricians were never t work well because the obstetricians were never consulted. consulted. consulted. consulted. I mean, these are I mean, these are I mean, these are I mean, these are their patients, right?their patients, right?their patients, right?their patients, right?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The pediatrician cannot tell The pediatrician cannot tell The pediatrician cannot tell The pediatrician cannot tell the obstetrician what to do is basically what it is. the obstetrician what to do is basically what it is. the obstetrician what to do is basically what it is. the obstetrician what to do is basically what it is. They They They They didndidndidndidn’’’’t want to do it, t want to do it, t want to do it, t want to do it, so there was a lot of controversy about implementation, and a lot of kids so there was a lot of controversy about implementation, and a lot of kids so there was a lot of controversy about implementation, and a lot of kids so there was a lot of controversy about implementation, and a lot of kids still still still still died and had severe GBS sepsis. died and had severe GBS sepsis. died and had severe GBS sepsis. died and had severe GBS sepsis. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know if you remember. t know if you remember. t know if you remember. t know if you remember. There was a lot There was a lot There was a lot There was a lot of layof layof layof lay----peoplepeoplepeoplepeople---- run GBSA, the GBS [Group B Strep] Association established around run GBSA, the GBS [Group B Strep] Association established around run GBSA, the GBS [Group B Strep] Association established around run GBSA, the GBS [Group B Strep] Association established around the country.the country.the country.the country.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Lay people got together. Lay people got together. Lay people got together. Lay people got together. You know what happened then. You know what happened then. You know what happened then. You know what happened then. When this When this When this When this controversy controversy controversy controversy started, [started, [started, [started, [GoodGoodGoodGood] ] ] ] Housekeeping Housekeeping Housekeeping Housekeeping and and and and Parent Parent Parent Parent magazines had a big play about the two professional magazines had a big play about the two professional magazines had a big play about the two professional magazines had a big play about the two professional ggggrrrroooouuuuppppssss ffffiiiigggghhhhttttiiiinnnngggg eeeeaaaacccchhhh ooootttthhhheeeerrrr aaaannnndddd hhhhaaaavvvviiiinnnngggg aaaa pppprrrrooooggggrrrraaaammmm aaaavvvvaaaaiiiillllaaaabbbblllleeee ffffoooorrrr pppprrrreeeevvvveeeennnnttttiiiioooonnnn,,,, aaaannnndddd yyyyeeeetttt iiiitttt wwwwaaaassss nnnnooootttt

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being being being being done, because they were fighting each other, ending up with all those kids done, because they were fighting each other, ending up with all those kids done, because they were fighting each other, ending up with all those kids done, because they were fighting each other, ending up with all those kids having having having having trouble trouble trouble trouble ———— the babies with GPS sepsis. the babies with GPS sepsis. the babies with GPS sepsis. the babies with GPS sepsis. So there were a lot of So there were a lot of So there were a lot of So there were a lot of associations established, associations established, associations established, associations established, including one here in Rhode Island. They even including one here in Rhode Island. They even including one here in Rhode Island. They even including one here in Rhode Island. They even hadhadhadhad

a national GBSA, a big group of very, very active people, a national GBSA, a big group of very, very active people, a national GBSA, a big group of very, very active people, a national GBSA, a big group of very, very active people, real activists. real activists. real activists. real activists. They even passed a They even passed a They even passed a They even passed a law in Florida and a law in California. law in Florida and a law in California. law in Florida and a law in California. law in Florida and a law in California. They lobbied the legislature to pass a bill, essentially, They lobbied the legislature to pass a bill, essentially, They lobbied the legislature to pass a bill, essentially, They lobbied the legislature to pass a bill, essentially, to tell the to tell the to tell the to tell the obstetrician to start screening. But in California the legislature was very obstetrician to start screening. But in California the legislature was very obstetrician to start screening. But in California the legislature was very obstetrician to start screening. But in California the legislature was very smart. smart. smart. smart. They said, They said, They said, They said, ““““We donWe donWe donWe don’’’’t want to practice medicine. t want to practice medicine. t want to practice medicine. t want to practice medicine. LetLetLetLet’’’’s form a committee s form a committee s form a committee s form a committee to look into it.to look into it.to look into it.to look into it.” ” ” ” So So So So theytheytheythey

formed a committee, and the formed a committee, and the formed a committee, and the formed a committee, and the committee told the health department incommittee told the health department incommittee told the health department incommittee told the health department in

California, California, California, California, ““““Go get a Go get a Go get a Go get a consensus conference organized and see if you canconsensus conference organized and see if you canconsensus conference organized and see if you canconsensus conference organized and see if you can

come up with come up with come up with come up with a consensus statement so you dona consensus statement so you dona consensus statement so you dona consensus statement so you don’’’’t fight each other.t fight each other.t fight each other.t fight each other.” ” ” ” And they called CDC And they called CDC And they called CDC And they called CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], and the CDC[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], and the CDC[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], and the CDC[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention], and the CDC

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organized this meeting with the AAP, with ACOG organized this meeting with the AAP, with ACOG organized this meeting with the AAP, with ACOG organized this meeting with the AAP, with ACOG [American College of Obstetricians and [American College of Obstetricians and [American College of Obstetricians and [American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists] and with the other Gynecologists] and with the other Gynecologists] and with the other Gynecologists] and with the other professional organizations. professional organizations. professional organizations. professional organizations. The GBSA was also invited. The GBSA was also invited. The GBSA was also invited. The GBSA was also invited. It It It It was a big group, was a big group, was a big group, was a big group, about 45 people met in that hotel in San Francisco Airport Sheraton Hotel about 45 people met in that hotel in San Francisco Airport Sheraton Hotel about 45 people met in that hotel in San Francisco Airport Sheraton Hotel about 45 people met in that hotel in San Francisco Airport Sheraton Hotel [Sheraton Gateway San Francisco Airport Hotel], for two days. [Sheraton Gateway San Francisco Airport Hotel], for two days. [Sheraton Gateway San Francisco Airport Hotel], for two days. [Sheraton Gateway San Francisco Airport Hotel], for two days. I represented I represented I represented I represented AAP, because I AAP, because I AAP, because I AAP, because I was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. was chairman of the Fetus and Newborn Committee. I went there, I went there, I went there, I went there, and we spent the whole day and we spent the whole day and we spent the whole day and we spent the whole day on day one arguing with each other. on day one arguing with each other. on day one arguing with each other. on day one arguing with each other. They were They were They were They were fighting, and they were fighting and fighting. fighting, and they were fighting and fighting. fighting, and they were fighting and fighting. fighting, and they were fighting and fighting. The next day, I got The next day, I got The next day, I got The next day, I got ———— whatwhatwhatwhat’’’’s his s his s his s his name name name name ———— the ACOG person and the CDC person, the the ACOG person and the CDC person, the the ACOG person and the CDC person, the the ACOG person and the CDC person, the representatives from those two, representatives from those two, representatives from those two, representatives from those two, the three of us, and I said, the three of us, and I said, the three of us, and I said, the three of us, and I said, ““““WeWeWeWe’’’’ve got to do something,ve got to do something,ve got to do something,ve got to do something,” ” ” ” and and and and also the chair of also the chair of also the chair of also the chair of the infectious disease committee from CHOP [Childrenthe infectious disease committee from CHOP [Childrenthe infectious disease committee from CHOP [Childrenthe infectious disease committee from CHOP [Children’’’’ssss

Hospital Hospital Hospital Hospital of Philadelphia]. of Philadelphia]. of Philadelphia]. of Philadelphia]. IIII’’’’m blocking his name. But anyway, the four of us got m blocking his name. But anyway, the four of us got m blocking his name. But anyway, the four of us got m blocking his name. But anyway, the four of us got together and together and together and together and had breakfast. had breakfast. had breakfast. had breakfast. The meeting was supposed to start at 8:30 a.m. The meeting was supposed to start at 8:30 a.m. The meeting was supposed to start at 8:30 a.m. The meeting was supposed to start at 8:30 a.m. We We We We got breakfast at 7:00 a.m., got breakfast at 7:00 a.m., got breakfast at 7:00 a.m., got breakfast at 7:00 a.m., and we said, and we said, and we said, and we said, ““““We must do something.We must do something.We must do something.We must do something.

We couldnWe couldnWe couldnWe couldn’’’’t just walk in there, because theyt just walk in there, because theyt just walk in there, because theyt just walk in there, because they’’’’re going to come up with re going to come up with re going to come up with re going to come up with nothing.nothing.nothing.nothing.” ” ” ” So someone So someone So someone So someone went over to the bathroom and got a piece of toilet paper, went over to the bathroom and got a piece of toilet paper, went over to the bathroom and got a piece of toilet paper, went over to the bathroom and got a piece of toilet paper, and the four of us started writing and the four of us started writing and the four of us started writing and the four of us started writing guidelines.guidelines.guidelines.guidelines.

DR. GARTNER: The famous piece of toilet paper. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, right, to write guidelines. Yes, right, to write guidelines. Yes, right, to write guidelines. Yes, right, to write guidelines. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““This is what weThis is what weThis is what weThis is what we’’’’re going to tell re going to tell re going to tell re going to tell them we them we them we them we should do.should do.should do.should do.” ” ” ” So we walked in there, put all these guidelines on the So we walked in there, put all these guidelines on the So we walked in there, put all these guidelines on the So we walked in there, put all these guidelines on the board, and within two hours, board, and within two hours, board, and within two hours, board, and within two hours, although there were still some arguments, we came although there were still some arguments, we came although there were still some arguments, we came although there were still some arguments, we came up with a consensus.up with a consensus.up with a consensus.up with a consensus.

DR. GARTNER: That’s good.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: And so it was published in 1996, and since then GBSAnd so it was published in 1996, and since then GBSAnd so it was published in 1996, and since then GBSAnd so it was published in 1996, and since then GBS

sepsis has gone down to, like, .3 per 1000, from 1.5 per sepsis has gone down to, like, .3 per 1000, from 1.5 per sepsis has gone down to, like, .3 per 1000, from 1.5 per sepsis has gone down to, like, .3 per 1000, from 1.5 per 1000.1000.1000.1000.

DR. GARTNER: That’s impressive.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a fives a fives a fives a five----fold decrease.fold decrease.fold decrease.fold decrease.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, that’s impressive.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In fact, when I went to In fact, when I went to In fact, when I went to In fact, when I went to the next ACOG meeting, again representing the Fetus and the next ACOG meeting, again representing the Fetus and the next ACOG meeting, again representing the Fetus and the next ACOG meeting, again representing the Fetus and NNNNeeeewwwwbbbboooorrrrnnnn CCCCoooommmmmmmmiiiitttttttteeeeeeee,,,, tttthhhheeeeyyyy ttttaaaallllkkkkeeeedddd aaaabbbboooouuuutttt tttthhhhiiiissss ccccoooonnnnsssseeeennnnssssuuuussss,,,, aaaannnndddd tttthhhheeeennnn tttthhhheeee cccchhhhaaaaiiiirrrrmmmmaaaannnn,,,, wwwwhhhhoooosssseeee nnnnaaaammmmeeee IIII

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dondondondon’’’’t remember, t remember, t remember, t remember, said, said, said, said, ““““You know, we should send Bill out to Bosnia.You know, we should send Bill out to Bosnia.You know, we should send Bill out to Bosnia.You know, we should send Bill out to Bosnia.” ” ” ” [[[[Laughter] Laughter] Laughter] Laughter] ““““He did such He did such He did such He did such a a a a great job as a diplomat doing this thing.great job as a diplomat doing this thing.great job as a diplomat doing this thing.great job as a diplomat doing this thing.” ” ” ” I was very proud of it.I was very proud of it.I was very proud of it.I was very proud of it.

DR. GARTNER: You are a great diplomat.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Very proud I was able to bring people together and talk it out and Very proud I was able to bring people together and talk it out and Very proud I was able to bring people together and talk it out and Very proud I was able to bring people together and talk it out and get it done.get it done.get it done.get it done.

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DR. GARTNER: It’s a major achievement. There’s no question about it, that really is. That’s very important. What other areas do you —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: See, I wish I had this, then I could think about it.See, I wish I had this, then I could think about it.See, I wish I had this, then I could think about it.See, I wish I had this, then I could think about it.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] You can always add a few more when you get it back.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I can send you an eI can send you an eI can send you an eI can send you an e----mail and say, mail and say, mail and say, mail and say, ““““Oh, I Oh, I Oh, I Oh, I forgot to mention this.forgot to mention this.forgot to mention this.forgot to mention this.””””

DR. GARTNER: You can add it in when you think of things. What about your current involvements in neonatology? Tell us what you’re doing now.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Well, I still Well, I still Well, I still Well, I still work about, right now Iwork about, right now Iwork about, right now Iwork about, right now I’’’’m half time. m half time. m half time. m half time. IIII

spend four months down spend four months down spend four months down spend four months down in Florida. in Florida. in Florida. in Florida. I still work down there, actually. I still work down there, actually. I still work down there, actually. I still work down there, actually. I have a computer, I have a computer, I have a computer, I have a computer, I have I have I have I have Internet, everything. Internet, everything. Internet, everything. Internet, everything. They call me there, they write me, and when they have a They call me there, they write me, and when they have a They call me there, they write me, and when they have a They call me there, they write me, and when they have a meeting that meeting that meeting that meeting that involves me, they send me an einvolves me, they send me an einvolves me, they send me an einvolves me, they send me an e----mail, andmail, andmail, andmail, and

I send in I send in I send in I send in my recommendations and all of that. my recommendations and all of that. my recommendations and all of that. my recommendations and all of that. But I, essentially, am half time. But I, essentially, am half time. But I, essentially, am half time. But I, essentially, am half time. I get I get I get I get paid half paid half paid half paid half time. time. time. time. When IWhen IWhen IWhen I’’’’m up here between May and November, I attend one month m up here between May and November, I attend one month m up here between May and November, I attend one month m up here between May and November, I attend one month on the NICU, which on the NICU, which on the NICU, which on the NICU, which totally occupies me. totally occupies me. totally occupies me. totally occupies me. In fact, when IIn fact, when IIn fact, when IIn fact, when I’’’’m on call, Mary always m on call, Mary always m on call, Mary always m on call, Mary always sleeps in the other room, because sleeps in the other room, because sleeps in the other room, because sleeps in the other room, because the phone rings. the phone rings. the phone rings. the phone rings. I can pick it up and talk, I can pick it up and talk, I can pick it up and talk, I can pick it up and talk, and give advice and all that, then hang up and go and give advice and all that, then hang up and go and give advice and all that, then hang up and go and give advice and all that, then hang up and go back to bed. back to bed. back to bed. back to bed. She canShe canShe canShe can’’’’t. t. t. t. So I So I So I So I said, said, said, said, ““““You go to the other bedroom for the month.You go to the other bedroom for the month.You go to the other bedroom for the month.You go to the other bedroom for the month.””””

And I still And I still And I still And I still get involved with counseling young people, the fellows. I still go to the get involved with counseling young people, the fellows. I still go to the get involved with counseling young people, the fellows. I still go to the get involved with counseling young people, the fellows. I still go to the Promotion Promotion Promotion Promotion and Tenure Committee [Tenure, Promotions and Appointments Committee and Tenure Committee [Tenure, Promotions and Appointments Committee and Tenure Committee [Tenure, Promotions and Appointments Committee and Tenure Committee [Tenure, Promotions and Appointments Committee –––– Brown Brown Brown Brown University]. University]. University]. University]. They asked me to be a member. They asked me to be a member. They asked me to be a member. They asked me to be a member. I go to all the conferences I go to all the conferences I go to all the conferences I go to all the conferences and sit there and and sit there and and sit there and and sit there and make my comments. They always look at me and say, make my comments. They always look at me and say, make my comments. They always look at me and say, make my comments. They always look at me and say, ““““What do you What do you What do you What do you think? think? think? think? Have you ever Have you ever Have you ever Have you ever seen cases like this in the past?seen cases like this in the past?seen cases like this in the past?seen cases like this in the past?” ” ” ” I say, I say, I say, I say, ““““Well, maybe Well, maybe Well, maybe Well, maybe one or two.one or two.one or two.one or two.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I still feel very active, and I feel like the moment they donI still feel very active, and I feel like the moment they donI still feel very active, and I feel like the moment they donI still feel very active, and I feel like the moment they don’’’’t think t think t think t think IIII’’’’m wanted, I will m wanted, I will m wanted, I will m wanted, I will quit. quit. quit. quit. But right now, every time they talk about something, But right now, every time they talk about something, But right now, every time they talk about something, But right now, every time they talk about something, they will turn to me and say, they will turn to me and say, they will turn to me and say, they will turn to me and say, ““““What What What What do you think?do you think?do you think?do you think?” ” ” ” I never comment during their I never comment during their I never comment during their I never comment during their talks. talks. talks. talks. When someone is giving a talk, I alwaysWhen someone is giving a talk, I alwaysWhen someone is giving a talk, I alwaysWhen someone is giving a talk, I always

keep quiet. keep quiet. keep quiet. keep quiet. I I I I dondondondon’’’’t like to interrupt people. t like to interrupt people. t like to interrupt people. t like to interrupt people. Then at the end, when I raise my hand, they all Then at the end, when I raise my hand, they all Then at the end, when I raise my hand, they all Then at the end, when I raise my hand, they all look at me and hear what I have to say. look at me and hear what I have to say. look at me and hear what I have to say. look at me and hear what I have to say. Our unit is a member of the [NICHD] Our unit is a member of the [NICHD] Our unit is a member of the [NICHD] Our unit is a member of the [NICHD] Neonatal Neonatal Neonatal Neonatal Research Network [NRN]. Research Network [NRN]. Research Network [NRN]. Research Network [NRN]. YouYouYouYou’’’’re familiar with it?re familiar with it?re familiar with it?re familiar with it?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Sixteen Sixteen Sixteen Sixteen centers. centers. centers. centers. Very active. Very active. Very active. Very active. I was the PI for it. I was the PI for it. I was the PI for it. I was the PI for it. In fact, thatIn fact, thatIn fact, thatIn fact, that’’’’s another that I s another that I s another that I s another that I forgot to forgot to forgot to forgot to mention. mention. mention. mention. I was the chairman of the steering committee when they I was the chairman of the steering committee when they I was the chairman of the steering committee when they I was the chairman of the steering committee when they started in 1986.started in 1986.started in 1986.started in 1986.

DR. GARTNER: Under the NICHD.

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Somebody else started it. Somebody else started it. Somebody else started it. Somebody else started it. They asked me to be chair of They asked me to be chair of They asked me to be chair of They asked me to be chair of the steering committee for the steering committee for the steering committee for the steering committee for the first five years, then I resigned and went back the first five years, then I resigned and went back the first five years, then I resigned and went back the first five years, then I resigned and went back and competed, and I got funded. and competed, and I got funded. and competed, and I got funded. and competed, and I got funded. So ISo ISo ISo I’’’’ve ve ve ve been on the network now for just about been on the network now for just about been on the network now for just about been on the network now for just about 22 years. 22 years. 22 years. 22 years. WeWeWeWe’’’’ve continued to be funded for the last ve continued to be funded for the last ve continued to be funded for the last ve continued to be funded for the last five cycles. five cycles. five cycles. five cycles. I still get I still get I still get I still get involved with protocol. involved with protocol. involved with protocol. involved with protocol. I still have a couple of active protocols. I still have a couple of active protocols. I still have a couple of active protocols. I still have a couple of active protocols. The one The one The one The one that Ithat Ithat Ithat I’’’’m working on very hard is to try and see if we could use probiotics to m working on very hard is to try and see if we could use probiotics to m working on very hard is to try and see if we could use probiotics to m working on very hard is to try and see if we could use probiotics to prevent prevent prevent prevent necrotizing enterocolitis. necrotizing enterocolitis. necrotizing enterocolitis. necrotizing enterocolitis. IIII’’’’m working very hard to get it going. m working very hard to get it going. m working very hard to get it going. m working very hard to get it going. So So So So that occupies most of my that occupies most of my that occupies most of my that occupies most of my time.time.time.time.

DR. GARTNER: While we’re on the NICHD network, why don’t you tell us a little bit about some of the major achievements of the network?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, Oh, Oh, Oh, quite a few.quite a few.quite a few.quite a few.

DR. GARTNER: Because that’s important.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: To me, there were several important advances. To me, there were several important advances. To me, there were several important advances. To me, there were several important advances. One is the One is the One is the One is the hypothermia thing for hypothermia thing for hypothermia thing for hypothermia thing for hypoxichypoxichypoxichypoxic----ischemic encephalopathy. ischemic encephalopathy. ischemic encephalopathy. ischemic encephalopathy. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a very important s a very important s a very important s a very important study. study. study. study. We just finished a We just finished a We just finished a We just finished a phototherapy trial. phototherapy trial. phototherapy trial. phototherapy trial. Aggressive versus conservative Aggressive versus conservative Aggressive versus conservative Aggressive versus conservative in babies under 1000 grams each. in babies under 1000 grams each. in babies under 1000 grams each. in babies under 1000 grams each. It will It will It will It will come out in the come out in the come out in the come out in the New England Journal New England Journal New England Journal New England Journal [of Medicine] [of Medicine] [of Medicine] [of Medicine] in about two weeks.in about two weeks.in about two weeks.in about two weeks.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. We enrolled, like, We enrolled, like, We enrolled, like, We enrolled, like, 2,000 babies.2,000 babies.2,000 babies.2,000 babies.

DR. GARTNER: I remember that.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Never had a clinical trial with 2,000 babies.Never had a clinical trial with 2,000 babies.Never had a clinical trial with 2,000 babies.Never had a clinical trial with 2,000 babies.

DR. GARTNER: No. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s s s s very appropriately randomized. very appropriately randomized. very appropriately randomized. very appropriately randomized. One group got phototherapy within 24 hours. One group got phototherapy within 24 hours. One group got phototherapy within 24 hours. One group got phototherapy within 24 hours. The The The The other group got the conventional treatment. other group got the conventional treatment. other group got the conventional treatment. other group got the conventional treatment. It turned out the aggressive It turned out the aggressive It turned out the aggressive It turned out the aggressive therapy is more therapy is more therapy is more therapy is more beneficial, which is very important. beneficial, which is very important. beneficial, which is very important. beneficial, which is very important. We have several other We have several other We have several other We have several other things. things. things. things. We have one project now We have one project now We have one project now We have one project now that is almost finished, which is to see if that is almost finished, which is to see if that is almost finished, which is to see if that is almost finished, which is to see if continuous positive pressure will reduce the continuous positive pressure will reduce the continuous positive pressure will reduce the continuous positive pressure will reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary incidence of bronchopulmonary incidence of bronchopulmonary incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]. dysplasia [BPD]. dysplasia [BPD]. dysplasia [BPD]. We published the results of our Vitamin A We published the results of our Vitamin A We published the results of our Vitamin A We published the results of our Vitamin A trial for BPD. trial for BPD. trial for BPD. trial for BPD. I I I I think that has also become standard good care practice. think that has also become standard good care practice. think that has also become standard good care practice. think that has also become standard good care practice. People use Vitamin A People use Vitamin A People use Vitamin A People use Vitamin A as as as as a supplement toa supplement toa supplement toa supplement to

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prevent disease. prevent disease. prevent disease. prevent disease. The first The first The first The first five years were very difficult, because we had just started, and I five years were very difficult, because we had just started, and I five years were very difficult, because we had just started, and I five years were very difficult, because we had just started, and I had no had no had no had no administrative support. administrative support. administrative support. administrative support. I went to the meetings every three months, and then I I went to the meetings every three months, and then I I went to the meetings every three months, and then I I went to the meetings every three months, and then I came came came came home. home. home. home. There was no followThere was no followThere was no followThere was no follow----up. up. up. up. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t have it. t have it. t have it. t have it. I finally went to the I finally went to the I finally went to the I finally went to the director of NICHD.director of NICHD.director of NICHD.director of NICHD.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, Duane [F.] Alexander.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I finally went to Duane, and I said, I finally went to Duane, and I said, I finally went to Duane, and I said, I finally went to Duane, and I said, ““““Duane, you must do something. Duane, you must do something. Duane, you must do something. Duane, you must do something. This is not good, This is not good, This is not good, This is not good, because every time I come because every time I come because every time I come because every time I come home, I feel depressed. home, I feel depressed. home, I feel depressed. home, I feel depressed. You know, when you chair a steering You know, when you chair a steering You know, when you chair a steering You know, when you chair a steering committee, youcommittee, youcommittee, youcommittee, you’’’’re re re re responsible, and if nothing is happening, I feel responsible.responsible, and if nothing is happening, I feel responsible.responsible, and if nothing is happening, I feel responsible.responsible, and if nothing is happening, I feel responsible.””””

DR. GARTNER: Sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““What What What What you need is an administrative person who could coordinate in between you need is an administrative person who could coordinate in between you need is an administrative person who could coordinate in between you need is an administrative person who could coordinate in between steering steering steering steering committee meetings.committee meetings.committee meetings.committee meetings.” ” ” ” And he went out and recruited Linda Wright, who came in to And he went out and recruited Linda Wright, who came in to And he went out and recruited Linda Wright, who came in to And he went out and recruited Linda Wright, who came in to be be be be the research coordinator,the research coordinator,the research coordinator,the research coordinator,

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and that really made the and that really made the and that really made the and that really made the difference.difference.difference.difference.

DR. GARTNER: That made the difference. That’s a good point.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She stepped down. She stepped down. She stepped down. She stepped down. Now Now Now Now theretheretherethere’’’’s a new person, Rosemary [D.] Higgins, who is also s a new person, Rosemary [D.] Higgins, who is also s a new person, Rosemary [D.] Higgins, who is also s a new person, Rosemary [D.] Higgins, who is also very good. very good. very good. very good. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s what s what s what s what makes the network really work. makes the network really work. makes the network really work. makes the network really work. But in the first five or ten years we But in the first five or ten years we But in the first five or ten years we But in the first five or ten years we were were were were criticized very severely. criticized very severely. criticized very severely. criticized very severely. A lot of people out there said that this is a waste A lot of people out there said that this is a waste A lot of people out there said that this is a waste A lot of people out there said that this is a waste of money, and of money, and of money, and of money, and look at all the RO1 [NIH Research Project Grant (RO1)] being look at all the RO1 [NIH Research Project Grant (RO1)] being look at all the RO1 [NIH Research Project Grant (RO1)] being look at all the RO1 [NIH Research Project Grant (RO1)] being unfunded, and yet you spend so unfunded, and yet you spend so unfunded, and yet you spend so unfunded, and yet you spend so much money on the network. much money on the network. much money on the network. much money on the network. ItItItIt’’’’s useless. s useless. s useless. s useless. But But But But now itnow itnow itnow it’’’’s s s s ————

DR. GARTNER: It’s productive.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s been reversed. s been reversed. s been reversed. s been reversed. It really is very effective. It really is very effective. It really is very effective. It really is very effective. ItItItIt’’’’s so good s so good s so good s so good that they now created a that they now created a that they now created a that they now created a [NICHD] Maternal[NICHD] Maternal[NICHD] Maternal[NICHD] Maternal----Fetal Medicine [Units] Network, a Fetal Medicine [Units] Network, a Fetal Medicine [Units] Network, a Fetal Medicine [Units] Network, a pediatric pharmapediatric pharmapediatric pharmapediatric pharma---- ————

DR. GARTNER: Pharmaceuticals?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Pharmacotherapy unit, [NICHD Pediatric Pharmacotherapy unit, [NICHD Pediatric Pharmacotherapy unit, [NICHD Pediatric Pharmacotherapy unit, [NICHD Pediatric Pharmacology Research Units Network] Pharmacology Research Units Network] Pharmacology Research Units Network] Pharmacology Research Units Network] PPRU. PPRU. PPRU. PPRU. They even have an international They even have an international They even have an international They even have an international neonatal network [NICHD Global Network for neonatal network [NICHD Global Network for neonatal network [NICHD Global Network for neonatal network [NICHD Global Network for WomenWomenWomenWomen’’’’s and Childrens and Childrens and Childrens and Children’’’’s Health] s Health] s Health] s Health] ————

DR. GARTNER: Oh, good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— that addresses the conditions that are more common among the underserved that addresses the conditions that are more common among the underserved that addresses the conditions that are more common among the underserved that addresses the conditions that are more common among the underserved countries. countries. countries. countries. ItItItIt’’’’s going very well. s going very well. s going very well. s going very well. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s what Linda Wright is doing right now. s what Linda Wright is doing right now. s what Linda Wright is doing right now. s what Linda Wright is doing right now. So I think that So I think that So I think that So I think that was a very important initiativewas a very important initiativewas a very important initiativewas a very important initiative

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that that that that the NICHD started. the NICHD started. the NICHD started. the NICHD started. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s another honor that I forgot to mention. s another honor that I forgot to mention. s another honor that I forgot to mention. s another honor that I forgot to mention. I was a I was a I was a I was a member of the member of the member of the member of the National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council of National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council of National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council of National Advisory Child Health and Human Development Council of the US National Institutes the US National Institutes the US National Institutes the US National Institutes of Health. of Health. of Health. of Health. That was at the time when they had just That was at the time when they had just That was at the time when they had just That was at the time when they had just gotten started. gotten started. gotten started. gotten started. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why I got forced into s why I got forced into s why I got forced into s why I got forced into becoming the chair of the becoming the chair of the becoming the chair of the becoming the chair of the [Neonatal Research Network] steering committee. Dr. Sumner [Neonatal Research Network] steering committee. Dr. Sumner [Neonatal Research Network] steering committee. Dr. Sumner [Neonatal Research Network] steering committee. Dr. Sumner Yaffee had the idea, Yaffee had the idea, Yaffee had the idea, Yaffee had the idea, but we pushed it for him.but we pushed it for him.but we pushed it for him.but we pushed it for him.

DR. GARTNER: That’s good. Well, it is very important. Okay. Up to now, we’ve been talking

about you and your career in neonatology, and I want to go a little bit broader into neonatology, but through your perspective and your eyes.

I’ve asked everybody this question, and in a way we talked about it, but let me ask you directly. Where do you see the beginning of newborn medicine? When did newborn medicine begin? How far back would you put it?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I have a very I have a very I have a very I have a very specific idea about that. specific idea about that. specific idea about that. specific idea about that. I think it begins with the preconception I think it begins with the preconception I think it begins with the preconception I think it begins with the preconception period.period.period.period.

DR. GARTNER: I was asking historically, not biologically.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, okay.Oh, okay.Oh, okay.Oh, okay.

DR. GARTNER: Historically. [Laughter]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Biologically neonatology should include everything.Biologically neonatology should include everything.Biologically neonatology should include everything.Biologically neonatology should include everything.

DR. GARTNER: I agree, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Now, what do you Now, what do you Now, what do you Now, what do you mean by mean by mean by mean by ““““historicallyhistoricallyhistoricallyhistorically””””????

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DR. OH: If you go back over the history of medicine, when do you think the idea specialized, or a concept of newborns requiring special medical care started, and who started it? Where did it have its beginnings?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a s a s a s a real tough one. real tough one. real tough one. real tough one. I want to say that I want to say that I want to say that I want to say that ———— whatwhatwhatwhat’’’’s his name s his name s his name s his name ———— [[[[Pierre] Budin was Pierre] Budin was Pierre] Budin was Pierre] Budin was one one one one of the very few in France, he started that ideaof the very few in France, he started that ideaof the very few in France, he started that ideaof the very few in France, he started that idea

DR. GARTNER: Yes, right. I think so.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And then several And then several And then several And then several other people after that sort of followed through. other people after that sort of followed through. other people after that sort of followed through. other people after that sort of followed through. Johnny Lind was Johnny Lind was Johnny Lind was Johnny Lind was one of them. one of them. one of them. one of them. In fact, I have an article for you.In fact, I have an article for you.In fact, I have an article for you.In fact, I have an article for you.

The reason why he is so The reason why he is so The reason why he is so The reason why he is so unique is that he was one of the very few who started the familyunique is that he was one of the very few who started the familyunique is that he was one of the very few who started the familyunique is that he was one of the very few who started the family----centered care centered care centered care centered care concept. concept. concept. concept. His famous quote is, His famous quote is, His famous quote is, His famous quote is, ““““When the baby is born, the family is When the baby is born, the family is When the baby is born, the family is When the baby is born, the family is born.born.born.born.””””


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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: And he was one of the very few people who started And he was one of the very few people who started And he was one of the very few people who started And he was one of the very few people who started allowing fathers in the delivery allowing fathers in the delivery allowing fathers in the delivery allowing fathers in the delivery room.room.room.room.

DR. GARTNER: Really?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He really started itHe really started itHe really started itHe really started it

DR. GARTNER: I didn’t realize.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, yes, he Oh, yes, he Oh, yes, he Oh, yes, he started that. started that. started that. started that. There was a big article in the Stockholm newspaper about There was a big article in the Stockholm newspaper about There was a big article in the Stockholm newspaper about There was a big article in the Stockholm newspaper about that. that. that. that. He started that. He started that. He started that. He started that. He started the play therapy. He started the play therapy. He started the play therapy. He started the play therapy. He did a lot of things in that He did a lot of things in that He did a lot of things in that He did a lot of things in that line. line. line. line. So I think So I think So I think So I think Budin is probably one of the first few. Budin is probably one of the first few. Budin is probably one of the first few. Budin is probably one of the first few. I donI donI donI don’’’’t know much t know much t know much t know much about him, but historically I want to about him, but historically I want to about him, but historically I want to about him, but historically I want to say Budin is very important.say Budin is very important.say Budin is very important.say Budin is very important.

DR. GARTNER: He’s very important, obviously. From some earlier research that I did, I believe

the Chinese actually had what we would call neonatology, newborn experts as far back as perhaps 1000 years ago.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t know that.t know that.t know that.t know that.

DR. GARTNER: Apparently they had a board.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: See, ISee, ISee, ISee, I’’’’m not a history m not a history m not a history m not a history buff.buff.buff.buff.

DR. GARTNER: They gave written exams for all of the specialties in medicine.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No kidding. No kidding. No kidding. No kidding. Really?Really?Really?Really?

DR. GARTNER: And pediatrics had a whole group of subspecialty written exams, which I’ve

never seen, but people have told me about.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: See, you always have to leave See, you always have to leave See, you always have to leave See, you always have to leave it to the Chinese. [Laughs]it to the Chinese. [Laughs]it to the Chinese. [Laughs]it to the Chinese. [Laughs]

DR. GARTNER: Apparently newborn medicine was a specialty, which is interesting.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t know that.t know that.t know that.t know that.

DR. GARTNER: I thought maybe you would know more about the Chinese history.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No. No. No. No. I, again, neglected to mention this I, again, neglected to mention this I, again, neglected to mention this I, again, neglected to mention this early in my discussion about the family. early in my discussion about the family. early in my discussion about the family. early in my discussion about the family. I have I have I have I have five generations of Chinese five generations of Chinese five generations of Chinese five generations of Chinese herb doctors.herb doctors.herb doctors.herb doctors.

DR. GARTNER: Hmm!

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: My father, my grandfather, my greatMy father, my grandfather, my greatMy father, my grandfather, my greatMy father, my grandfather, my great----grandfather, my grandfather, my grandfather, my grandfather, my greatgreatgreatgreat----greatgreatgreatgreat----grandfather. grandfather. grandfather. grandfather. They They They They also prescribed herbs also prescribed herbs also prescribed herbs also prescribed herbs ———— you know, herbal you know, herbal you know, herbal you know, herbal medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. I should have mentioned that.I should have mentioned that.I should have mentioned that.I should have mentioned that.

DR. GARTNER: Have you ever used herbal medicine in neonatology?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: My father used to tell me, My father used to tell me, My father used to tell me, My father used to tell me, ““““Why donWhy donWhy donWhy don’’’’t you do some research on it? t you do some research on it? t you do some research on it? t you do some research on it? TheyTheyTheyThey’’’’re re re re really really really really important.important.important.important.” ” ” ” Now I wish I had, because the alternative medicine now is Now I wish I had, because the alternative medicine now is Now I wish I had, because the alternative medicine now is Now I wish I had, because the alternative medicine now is very popular.very popular.very popular.very popular.

DR. GARTNER: That’s right. Well, you still could. [Laughs] DR. C. GARTNER: Did your father

grow the herbs as well?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No, he had a huge herb store, almost like all these No, he had a huge herb store, almost like all these No, he had a huge herb store, almost like all these No, he had a huge herb store, almost like all these nature, natural nature, natural nature, natural nature, natural ———— what do you call what do you call what do you call what do you call those?those?those?those?

DR. C. GARTNER: Naturopaths [Naturopathic Physicians]?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. He He He He had everything.had everything.had everything.had everything.

DR. GARTNER: Oh. Oh, really?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: He always told me that there are only two things in He always told me that there are only two things in He always told me that there are only two things in He always told me that there are only two things in Chinese medicine, the hot and the Chinese medicine, the hot and the Chinese medicine, the hot and the Chinese medicine, the hot and the cold. cold. cold. cold. If they have fever, you give them cold If they have fever, you give them cold If they have fever, you give them cold If they have fever, you give them cold medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. If theyIf theyIf theyIf they’’’’re cold, you give them hot re cold, you give them hot re cold, you give them hot re cold, you give them hot medicine.medicine.medicine.medicine.

DR. GARTNER: What do you think about acupuncture?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, he was a firm believer in it.Oh, he was a firm believer in it.Oh, he was a firm believer in it.Oh, he was a firm believer in it.

DR. GARTNER: Not you?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think itI think itI think itI think it’’’’s real. s real. s real. s real. I just donI just donI just donI just don’’’’t know how t know how t know how t know how it works.it works.it works.it works.

DR. GARTNER: Do you think it has a place in newborn medicine? Do you think acupuncture would do anything for newborns?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Somebody would have to go into it. Somebody would have to go into it. Somebody would have to go into it. Somebody would have to go into it. You need to know the You need to know the You need to know the You need to know the basic physiology. basic physiology. basic physiology. basic physiology. I wouldnI wouldnI wouldnI wouldn’’’’t t t t be surprised 25 years from now that acupuncture be surprised 25 years from now that acupuncture be surprised 25 years from now that acupuncture be surprised 25 years from now that acupuncture will be used in the newborn.will be used in the newborn.will be used in the newborn.will be used in the newborn.

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DR. GARTNER: Hmm.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I wouldnI wouldnI wouldnI wouldn’’’’t be t be t be t be surprised.surprised.surprised.surprised.

DR. GARTNER: I wanted to do a study on this when I was in the nursery with Kwang-sun Lee, and Kwang didn’t.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He didnHe didnHe didnHe didn’’’’t want to do it.t want to do it.t want to do it.t want to do it.

DR. GARTNER: He thought I was not being serious. But I was. [Laughter]

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThereThereThereThere’’’’s something about acupuncture.s something about acupuncture.s something about acupuncture.s something about acupuncture.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, there’s something we don’t understand about it, but it does work.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: You just have to understand the basic You just have to understand the basic You just have to understand the basic You just have to understand the basic physiology.physiology.physiology.physiology.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You canYou canYou canYou can’’’’t just go around and put a needle into kids.t just go around and put a needle into kids.t just go around and put a needle into kids.t just go around and put a needle into kids.

DR. GARTNER: Right. I think we talked a little bit about the development of neonatology, but I

just wondered if you think there are any major factors that led to newborn medicine becoming a separate specialty or subspecialty. Do you think there are any particular factors that led to that?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No, I think itNo, I think itNo, I think itNo, I think it’’’’s a conglomeration of a lot of things s a conglomeration of a lot of things s a conglomeration of a lot of things s a conglomeration of a lot of things happening at the same time. happening at the same time. happening at the same time. happening at the same time. We We We We were lucky. were lucky. were lucky. were lucky. We were at the right place at the We were at the right place at the We were at the right place at the We were at the right place at the right time.right time.right time.right time.

DR. GARTNER: The right time, when there was money.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When there was money. When there was money. When there was money. When there was money. I I I I dondondondon’’’’t think theret think theret think theret think there’’’’s one single factor that precipitated the s one single factor that precipitated the s one single factor that precipitated the s one single factor that precipitated the creation of the creation of the creation of the creation of the specialty. specialty. specialty. specialty. I think itI think itI think itI think it’’’’s about a lots about a lots about a lots about a lot

of things that of things that of things that of things that happened.happened.happened.happened.

DR. GARTNER: I think some of it was individuals’ desires to have a specialty. I mean, at least for me, and I think for you and for many of us, individuals wanted to have a specialty of newborn

medicine, because we wanted to do it.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, right, thatYes, right, thatYes, right, thatYes, right, that’’’’s s s s true.true.true.true.

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DR. GARTNER: And I think you feel that way, and I think many of us do. But I think there are a lot of other factors as well. I assume you think that the development of neonatology as a subspecialty was a good thing.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Oh, yes. I think I think I think I think so.so.so.so.

DR. GARTNER: That it hasn’t done any harm?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No, I donNo, I donNo, I donNo, I don’’’’t think so. t think so. t think so. t think so. It allowed for a group of people It allowed for a group of people It allowed for a group of people It allowed for a group of people with common interests and with with common interests and with with common interests and with with common interests and with

common focus to work on it for the benefit of the common focus to work on it for the benefit of the common focus to work on it for the benefit of the common focus to work on it for the benefit of the population. population. population. population. See, we have a distinct See, we have a distinct See, we have a distinct See, we have a distinct population to deal with, the fetus and the population to deal with, the fetus and the population to deal with, the fetus and the population to deal with, the fetus and the newborn. newborn. newborn. newborn. Other specialties are different. Other specialties are different. Other specialties are different. Other specialties are different. Is there a Is there a Is there a Is there a geriatrics society? geriatrics society? geriatrics society? geriatrics society? There must be one.There must be one.There must be one.There must be one.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, there is.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a distinct population, also.s a distinct population, also.s a distinct population, also.s a distinct population, also.

DR. GARTNER: That’s another population. No, I think some people have felt that by neonatology developing as a separate entity, it has taken away some aspects of pediatrics in general now.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: A lot of A lot of A lot of A lot of academic pediatricians feel that way, probably legitimately, from the science academic pediatricians feel that way, probably legitimately, from the science academic pediatricians feel that way, probably legitimately, from the science academic pediatricians feel that way, probably legitimately, from the science standpoint. standpoint. standpoint. standpoint. But some of it is probably for business reasons.But some of it is probably for business reasons.But some of it is probably for business reasons.But some of it is probably for business reasons.

DR. GARTNER: I was going to say I think the economics —

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Economics.Economics.Economics.Economics.

DR. GARTNER: — enters into this as well.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, yes.Yes, yes.Yes, yes.Yes, yes.

DR. GARTNER: Neonatology has become a big money maker for most hospitals.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No question about that, yes. No question about that, yes. No question about that, yes. No question about that, yes. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why people keep s why people keep s why people keep s why people keep asking me how I survived 15 asking me how I survived 15 asking me how I survived 15 asking me how I survived 15 years as chair here at Brown, where neonatology is years as chair here at Brown, where neonatology is years as chair here at Brown, where neonatology is years as chair here at Brown, where neonatology is separate. separate. separate. separate. I donI donI donI don’’’’t have any neonatology t have any neonatology t have any neonatology t have any neonatology money. money. money. money. Zero.Zero.Zero.Zero.

DR. GARTNER: That’s true. That’s a good point.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When I was chairman for five years and chief of neonatology at the same time, I When I was chairman for five years and chief of neonatology at the same time, I When I was chairman for five years and chief of neonatology at the same time, I When I was chairman for five years and chief of neonatology at the same time, I had a had a had a had a free hand in, not officially and not illegal either, but in a subtle way free hand in, not officially and not illegal either, but in a subtle way free hand in, not officially and not illegal either, but in a subtle way free hand in, not officially and not illegal either, but in a subtle way is the word for it, trying is the word for it, trying is the word for it, trying is the word for it, trying to utilize resourcesto utilize resourcesto utilize resourcesto utilize resources

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to to to to benefit the full group, because I was in charge of both places. benefit the full group, because I was in charge of both places. benefit the full group, because I was in charge of both places. benefit the full group, because I was in charge of both places. When they When they When they When they recruited Jim recruited Jim recruited Jim recruited Jim Padbury as the chief, because I couldnPadbury as the chief, because I couldnPadbury as the chief, because I couldnPadbury as the chief, because I couldn’’’’t do it forever, five years t do it forever, five years t do it forever, five years t do it forever, five years was enough for me, I sat was enough for me, I sat was enough for me, I sat was enough for me, I sat down with him, and told him, down with him, and told him, down with him, and told him, down with him, and told him, ““““If you come and be the If you come and be the If you come and be the If you come and be the chief of neonatology, you will have a chief of neonatology, you will have a chief of neonatology, you will have a chief of neonatology, you will have a separate budget. separate budget. separate budget. separate budget. I wonI wonI wonI won’’’’t touch it.t touch it.t touch it.t touch it.” ” ” ” And And And And I kept my word. I kept my word. I kept my word. I kept my word. I never touched it. I never touched it. I never touched it. I never touched it. It was hard for me It was hard for me It was hard for me It was hard for me to run a program to run a program to run a program to run a program without neonatology. without neonatology. without neonatology. without neonatology. I had to keep going to the administration with hands I had to keep going to the administration with hands I had to keep going to the administration with hands I had to keep going to the administration with hands outstretched to ask for more resources.outstretched to ask for more resources.outstretched to ask for more resources.outstretched to ask for more resources.

DR. GARTNER: But you were able to do it.


DR. GARTNER: Now, it is true that in most places, neonatology is the definite money maker, and for the hospital.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And for the hospital, yes. And for the hospital, yes. And for the hospital, yes. And for the hospital, yes. ItItItIt’’’’s the cash cow.s the cash cow.s the cash cow.s the cash cow.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In fact, when I was chief of In fact, when I was chief of In fact, when I was chief of In fact, when I was chief of neonatology, the administrator, if ever the census neonatology, the administrator, if ever the census neonatology, the administrator, if ever the census neonatology, the administrator, if ever the census dropped below a certain dropped below a certain dropped below a certain dropped below a certain number, sent me a piece of census sheet with red ink on it, number, sent me a piece of census sheet with red ink on it, number, sent me a piece of census sheet with red ink on it, number, sent me a piece of census sheet with red ink on it, ““““Bill, Bill, Bill, Bill, whatwhatwhatwhat’’’’s going s going s going s going on?on?on?on?””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: With an exclamation mark, because he was worried. With an exclamation mark, because he was worried. With an exclamation mark, because he was worried. With an exclamation mark, because he was worried. If neonatology goes down If neonatology goes down If neonatology goes down If neonatology goes down revenuerevenuerevenuerevenue----wise, the whole hospital goes down.wise, the whole hospital goes down.wise, the whole hospital goes down.wise, the whole hospital goes down.

DR. GARTNER: From a national and sort of a public health perspective, what do you think about the fact that we are spending so much money on neonatology, on newborn care?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t apologize for it.t apologize for it.t apologize for it.t apologize for it.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. But people have raised the question.

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I know. I know. I know. I know. I know. But, you know, when you save a baby, I know. But, you know, when you save a baby, I know. But, you know, when you save a baby, I know. But, you know, when you save a baby, think of the years to come. think of the years to come. think of the years to come. think of the years to come. ItItItIt’’’’s s s s a good investment. a good investment. a good investment. a good investment. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the way I feel. s the way I feel. s the way I feel. s the way I feel. A A A A little bit selfish, but thatlittle bit selfish, but thatlittle bit selfish, but thatlittle bit selfish, but that’’’’s the way I feel. s the way I feel. s the way I feel. s the way I feel. ItItItIt’’’’s true s true s true s true that we are the most that we are the most that we are the most that we are the most expensive specialty expensive specialty expensive specialty expensive specialty ————

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— from the standpoint of cost to society, but then think of from the standpoint of cost to society, but then think of from the standpoint of cost to society, but then think of from the standpoint of cost to society, but then think of the benefit that wethe benefit that wethe benefit that wethe benefit that we’’’’re re re re getting.getting.getting.getting.

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DR. GARTNER: Do you think we’re doing too much? Are we going to too young, too small

preemies? Have we pushed too far on?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s an s an s an s an area thatarea thatarea thatarea that’’’’s probably the most controversial today. s probably the most controversial today. s probably the most controversial today. s probably the most controversial today. How small is too small, How small is too small, How small is too small, How small is too small, and and and and how far do we go? how far do we go? how far do we go? how far do we go? I feel that in someI feel that in someI feel that in someI feel that in some

cases we have gone too cases we have gone too cases we have gone too cases we have gone too far, and itfar, and itfar, and itfar, and it’’’’s not because we wanted to, its not because we wanted to, its not because we wanted to, its not because we wanted to, it’’’’s because the parents s because the parents s because the parents s because the parents wanted wanted wanted wanted to.to.to.to.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the most common reason. s the most common reason. s the most common reason. s the most common reason. I see a lot of this I see a lot of this I see a lot of this I see a lot of this ———— moms. moms. moms. moms. I just had a kid, a I just had a kid, a I just had a kid, a I just had a kid, a 23232323----weeker come in. weeker come in. weeker come in. weeker come in. We have an automatic maternal consult when we have 23, 24 We have an automatic maternal consult when we have 23, 24 We have an automatic maternal consult when we have 23, 24 We have an automatic maternal consult when we have 23, 24 gestation. gestation. gestation. gestation. And I And I And I And I walk in, and therewalk in, and therewalk in, and therewalk in, and there’’’’s a young sweet couple. s a young sweet couple. s a young sweet couple. s a young sweet couple. First of all, I First of all, I First of all, I First of all, I never use a percentage when I never use a percentage when I never use a percentage when I never use a percentage when I consult people. consult people. consult people. consult people. I use a lot of descriptors, such I use a lot of descriptors, such I use a lot of descriptors, such I use a lot of descriptors, such as, as, as, as, ““““extremely good, extremely good, extremely good, extremely good, ““““very good,very good,very good,very good,””””

dahdahdahdah----dah. She was in predah. She was in predah. She was in predah. She was in pre----term term term term labor. labor. labor. labor. I started by saying, I started by saying, I started by saying, I started by saying, ““““If the baby delivers today, chances If the baby delivers today, chances If the baby delivers today, chances If the baby delivers today, chances are heare heare heare he’’’’s not s not s not s not going to survive.going to survive.going to survive.going to survive.” ” ” ” I use a very definitive word. I use a very definitive word. I use a very definitive word. I use a very definitive word. ““““And even if he And even if he And even if he And even if he ————” ” ” ” It was a It was a It was a It was a he. he. he. he. ““““———— survives, his quality of life will be very, very, very poor, and I want survives, his quality of life will be very, very, very poor, and I want survives, his quality of life will be very, very, very poor, and I want survives, his quality of life will be very, very, very poor, and I want to know if you want to know if you want to know if you want to know if you want us to do everything to save the baby.us to do everything to save the baby.us to do everything to save the baby.us to do everything to save the baby.” ” ” ” And they said, And they said, And they said, And they said, ““““Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.” ” ” ” What can I do? What can I do? What can I do? What can I do? I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Now, you Now, you Now, you Now, you understand what Iunderstand what Iunderstand what Iunderstand what I’’’’m saying, right?m saying, right?m saying, right?m saying, right?” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Oh, yes, but I want everything done.Oh, yes, but I want everything done.Oh, yes, but I want everything done.Oh, yes, but I want everything done.” ” ” ” The mom The mom The mom The mom said this.said this.said this.said this.

DR. GARTNER: Do you think they think —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Fortunately, they stopped the labor.Fortunately, they stopped the labor.Fortunately, they stopped the labor.Fortunately, they stopped the labor.

DR. GARTNER: You gained another week or two.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. I was I was I was I was there for a month. there for a month. there for a month. there for a month. I was on service for a month, so that was the case that I I was on service for a month, so that was the case that I I was on service for a month, so that was the case that I I was on service for a month, so that was the case that I consulted with. consulted with. consulted with. consulted with. Then they put her at the hospital, so every day I went up to Then they put her at the hospital, so every day I went up to Then they put her at the hospital, so every day I went up to Then they put her at the hospital, so every day I went up to see her when I see her when I see her when I see her when I was free, I went to see Mrs. Sowas free, I went to see Mrs. Sowas free, I went to see Mrs. Sowas free, I went to see Mrs. So----andandandand----so.so.so.so.

DR. GARTNER: That was very nice of you to do that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ““““How are you doing today?How are you doing today?How are you doing today?How are you doing today?” ” ” ” And she would say, And she would say, And she would say, And she would say, ““““Oh, itOh, itOh, itOh, it’’’’s so good of you to come s so good of you to come s so good of you to come s so good of you to come up.up.up.up.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Yes, I just wanted to make sure youYes, I just wanted to make sure youYes, I just wanted to make sure youYes, I just wanted to make sure you’’’’re still here. re still here. re still here. re still here. And stay And stay And stay And stay there.there.there.there.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ““““And didnAnd didnAnd didnAnd didn’’’’t move.t move.t move.t move.” ” ” ” She finally delivered at around 27,She finally delivered at around 27,She finally delivered at around 27,She finally delivered at around 27,

28 weeks.28 weeks.28 weeks.28 weeks.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, that’s pretty good.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: SheSheSheShe’’’’s done good. s done good. s done good. s done good. But But But But youyouyouyou’’’’re right. re right. re right. re right. We sometimes went too far, and thatWe sometimes went too far, and thatWe sometimes went too far, and thatWe sometimes went too far, and that’’’’s because the s because the s because the s because the parent wanted parent wanted parent wanted parent wanted it. it. it. it. You know, this is an ethical discussion. But legally, if the mom says, You know, this is an ethical discussion. But legally, if the mom says, You know, this is an ethical discussion. But legally, if the mom says, You know, this is an ethical discussion. But legally, if the mom says, ““““I I I I want want want want everything done,everything done,everything done,everything done,” ” ” ” and you say, and you say, and you say, and you say, ““““I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to do anything, as your t want to do anything, as your t want to do anything, as your t want to do anything, as your doctor,doctor,doctor,doctor,” ” ” ” they can go to a they can go to a they can go to a they can go to a lawyer and sue you, and therelawyer and sue you, and therelawyer and sue you, and therelawyer and sue you, and there’’’’ll be a big legal thing. ll be a big legal thing. ll be a big legal thing. ll be a big legal thing. This happened. This happened. This happened. This happened. Not to me, but to Not to me, but to Not to me, but to Not to me, but to ————

DR. GARTNER: Or you can go to get a court order the other way.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Exactly, yes. Exactly, yes. Exactly, yes. Exactly, yes. I would rather be able to try to talk it out with her I would rather be able to try to talk it out with her I would rather be able to try to talk it out with her I would rather be able to try to talk it out with her ————

DR. GARTNER: Yes, it’s better not to.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— and come out with a common ground. and come out with a common ground. and come out with a common ground. and come out with a common ground. In this case, I knew who the In this case, I knew who the In this case, I knew who the In this case, I knew who the obstetrician obstetrician obstetrician obstetrician was. was. was. was. I told her, I told her, I told her, I told her, ““““Give them all the mag [magnesium] sulfate you Give them all the mag [magnesium] sulfate you Give them all the mag [magnesium] sulfate you Give them all the mag [magnesium] sulfate you can get and calm her down.can get and calm her down.can get and calm her down.can get and calm her down.” ” ” ” And they were successful. And they were successful. And they were successful. And they were successful. ItItItIt’’’’s a good thing we now s a good thing we now s a good thing we now s a good thing we now have all this armamentarium to stop the have all this armamentarium to stop the have all this armamentarium to stop the have all this armamentarium to stop the labor.labor.labor.labor.

DR. GARTNER: Right. No, that’s true.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Right now, I think Right now, I think Right now, I think Right now, I think most people, and I think 25 weeks is reasonable. most people, and I think 25 weeks is reasonable. most people, and I think 25 weeks is reasonable. most people, and I think 25 weeks is reasonable. TwentyTwentyTwentyTwenty----four is four is four is four is the point when the point when the point when the point when you begin to have some question whether or not you should go farther. you begin to have some question whether or not you should go farther. you begin to have some question whether or not you should go farther. you begin to have some question whether or not you should go farther. TwentyTwentyTwentyTwenty----three, definitely. three, definitely. three, definitely. three, definitely. TwentyTwentyTwentyTwenty----two, definitely out.two, definitely out.two, definitely out.two, definitely out.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: TwentyTwentyTwentyTwenty----three, 24 is where the three, 24 is where the three, 24 is where the three, 24 is where the gray zone is. gray zone is. gray zone is. gray zone is. Whenever I give a talk about this issue, Whenever I give a talk about this issue, Whenever I give a talk about this issue, Whenever I give a talk about this issue, I always tell them, I always tell them, I always tell them, I always tell them, ““““First of all, itFirst of all, itFirst of all, itFirst of all, it’’’’s not s not s not s not your your your your baby. Itbaby. Itbaby. Itbaby. It’’’’s s s s their their their their baby. baby. baby. baby. Your job is Your job is Your job is Your job is to be a doctor, to to be a doctor, to to be a doctor, to to be a doctor, to tell them the facts, and they make the decision. tell them the facts, and they make the decision. tell them the facts, and they make the decision. tell them the facts, and they make the decision. And And And And whatever decision they make, try to whatever decision they make, try to whatever decision they make, try to whatever decision they make, try to respect them.respect them.respect them.respect them.””””

DR. GARTNER: That’s good advice.


DR. GARTNER: Preparation, that’s important.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the AAP position.s the AAP position.s the AAP position.s the AAP position.

DR. GARTNER: Yes, I think so.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I wrote a I wrote a I wrote a I wrote a statement a number of years ago about how far we go. statement a number of years ago about how far we go. statement a number of years ago about how far we go. statement a number of years ago about how far we go. It was a hard It was a hard It was a hard It was a hard statement to statement to statement to statement to write, because when you deal with an issue like that, there are so many write, because when you deal with an issue like that, there are so many write, because when you deal with an issue like that, there are so many write, because when you deal with an issue like that, there are so many opinions.opinions.opinions.opinions.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Some people are in the extreme. Some people are in the extreme. Some people are in the extreme. Some people are in the extreme. ““““DonDonDonDon’’’’t do anything unless itt do anything unless itt do anything unless itt do anything unless it’’’’s 26, 27 s 26, 27 s 26, 27 s 26, 27 weeks. If the weeks. If the weeks. If the weeks. If the mom says they want to do everything, go and get a lawyer to get mom says they want to do everything, go and get a lawyer to get mom says they want to do everything, go and get a lawyer to get mom says they want to do everything, go and get a lawyer to get the court order.the court order.the court order.the court order.” ” ” ” I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t think thatthink thatthink thatthink that’’’’s a good thing for anybody.s a good thing for anybody.s a good thing for anybody.s a good thing for anybody.

DR. GARTNER: I don’t think the courts will order it that easily, either.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No, right.No, right.No, right.No, right.

DR. GARTNER: The times when we went to court were when we had a trisomy.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.Yes, right.

DR. GARTNER: And the family wanted to do everything, and it was obviously pointless. But other than that, we never went to court. But it’s difficult. Are there any other major ethical issues in neonatology that you think we should talk about?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s probably the most s probably the most s probably the most s probably the most important. important. important. important. The other issue, not neonatology, but in terms of The other issue, not neonatology, but in terms of The other issue, not neonatology, but in terms of The other issue, not neonatology, but in terms of embryo reduction, embryo reduction, embryo reduction, embryo reduction, thatthatthatthat’’’’s very important for maternals very important for maternals very important for maternals very important for maternal----fetal medicine people.fetal medicine people.fetal medicine people.fetal medicine people.

DR. GARTNER: Perinatal. Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The other is The other is The other is The other is the kids with the hopeless situation, the trisomy 18.the kids with the hopeless situation, the trisomy 18.the kids with the hopeless situation, the trisomy 18.the kids with the hopeless situation, the trisomy 18.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: [Trisomy] 13. [Trisomy] 13. [Trisomy] 13. [Trisomy] 13. Those are the Those are the Those are the Those are the difficult ones.difficult ones.difficult ones.difficult ones.

DR. GARTNER: Those are tough ones.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I had one last year that was a trisomy 18. I had one last year that was a trisomy 18. I had one last year that was a trisomy 18. I had one last year that was a trisomy 18. The baby was okay, you know? The baby was okay, you know? The baby was okay, you know? The baby was okay, you know? I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t practice euthanasia practice euthanasia practice euthanasia practice euthanasia ———— period. period. period. period. IIII’’’’m m m m Catholic, and I canCatholic, and I canCatholic, and I canCatholic, and I can’’’’t do that. t do that. t do that. t do that. But it was difficult. But it was difficult. But it was difficult. But it was difficult. We know We know We know We know that therethat therethat therethat there’’’’s a s a s a s a clearclearclearclear----cut trisomycut trisomycut trisomycut trisomy

18, and we know the outcome is extremely, 18, and we know the outcome is extremely, 18, and we know the outcome is extremely, 18, and we know the outcome is extremely, extremely poor, and yet the baby wonextremely poor, and yet the baby wonextremely poor, and yet the baby wonextremely poor, and yet the baby won’’’’t die. t die. t die. t die. What What What What do you do?do you do?do you do?do you do?

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DR. GARTNER: Oh, they can live for a long time.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Keep going, yes. Keep going, yes. Keep going, yes. Keep going, yes. And what I did with And what I did with And what I did with And what I did with those parents is just kept giving them support, those parents is just kept giving them support, those parents is just kept giving them support, those parents is just kept giving them support,

explained to them. explained to them. explained to them. explained to them. The baby The baby The baby The baby went home, actually. went home, actually. went home, actually. went home, actually. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s an ethical issue.s an ethical issue.s an ethical issue.s an ethical issue.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. That is quite so. You’ve talked about the relationship between pediatrics and OB/GYN and how important that is. Is there anything else that we should talk about, about that

relationship and interface?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think we should maintain a good relationship with the practicing I think we should maintain a good relationship with the practicing I think we should maintain a good relationship with the practicing I think we should maintain a good relationship with the practicing pediatricians in the pediatricians in the pediatricians in the pediatricians in the community. community. community. community. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s so important. s so important. s so important. s so important. And weAnd weAnd weAnd we’’’’ve really lost ve really lost ve really lost ve really lost sight on that. sight on that. sight on that. sight on that. IIII’’’’ve seen a lot of units ve seen a lot of units ve seen a lot of units ve seen a lot of units

that have completely taken everything that have completely taken everything that have completely taken everything that have completely taken everything away from pediatricians in the community. away from pediatricians in the community. away from pediatricians in the community. away from pediatricians in the community. That is not That is not That is not That is not good for continuity of good for continuity of good for continuity of good for continuity of care. care. care. care. We donWe donWe donWe don’’’’t have private practice. t have private practice. t have private practice. t have private practice. Neonatologists donNeonatologists donNeonatologists donNeonatologists don’’’’t have offices. t have offices. t have offices. t have offices. These kids all go up to them, and you really need to maintain good relationships These kids all go up to them, and you really need to maintain good relationships These kids all go up to them, and you really need to maintain good relationships These kids all go up to them, and you really need to maintain good relationships and and and and communication.communication.communication.communication.

DR. GARTNER: How do you do that? Tell a little bit more about the relationship with the general

pediatrician.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We have a very good system here. We have a very good system here. We have a very good system here. We have a very good system here. First of First of First of First of all, there is continuity of care between all, there is continuity of care between all, there is continuity of care between all, there is continuity of care between obstetricians and neonatologists, as I obstetricians and neonatologists, as I obstetricians and neonatologists, as I obstetricians and neonatologists, as I already mentioned. already mentioned. already mentioned. already mentioned. ItItItIt’’’’s a very good communication. s a very good communication. s a very good communication. s a very good communication. Whenever we have a baby Whenever we have a baby Whenever we have a baby Whenever we have a baby admitted, we automatically notify the private pediatrician. admitted, we automatically notify the private pediatrician. admitted, we automatically notify the private pediatrician. admitted, we automatically notify the private pediatrician. Seventy Seventy Seventy Seventy percent of percent of percent of percent of our patients are private practice patients. our patients are private practice patients. our patients are private practice patients. our patients are private practice patients. An automatic phone call is made to An automatic phone call is made to An automatic phone call is made to An automatic phone call is made to the the the the office that sooffice that sooffice that sooffice that so----andandandand----so is in the unit. so is in the unit. so is in the unit. so is in the unit. ItItItIt’’’’s followed by a letter signed by s followed by a letter signed by s followed by a letter signed by s followed by a letter signed by me, the attending, me, the attending, me, the attending, me, the attending,

giving the diagnosis and how long we expect the baby to be in giving the diagnosis and how long we expect the baby to be in giving the diagnosis and how long we expect the baby to be in giving the diagnosis and how long we expect the baby to be in the hospital. the hospital. the hospital. the hospital. We send it by fax We send it by fax We send it by fax We send it by fax over to the office. over to the office. over to the office. over to the office. Then we also encourage Then we also encourage Then we also encourage Then we also encourage them to come in and make rounds. them to come in and make rounds. them to come in and make rounds. them to come in and make rounds. When they When they When they When they come in and make rounds some people come in and make rounds some people come in and make rounds some people come in and make rounds some people hate them, because they donhate them, because they donhate them, because they donhate them, because they don’’’’t want to be interrupted. t want to be interrupted. t want to be interrupted. t want to be interrupted. BBBBuuuutttt wwwwhhhheeeennnn IIII sssseeeeeeee aaaa ppppeeeeddddiiiiaaaattttrrrriiiicccciiiiaaaannnn ccccoooommmmeeee iiiinnnn llllooooooookkkkiiiinnnngggg ffffoooorrrr tttthhhheeee bbbbaaaabbbbyyyy,,,, tttthhhheeee aaaaddddvvvvaaaannnnttttaaaaggggeeee IIII hhhhaaaavvvveeee iiiissss IIII kkkknnnnoooowwww

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every every every every one of them. one of them. one of them. one of them. Almost every pediatrician in town is my former resident. Almost every pediatrician in town is my former resident. Almost every pediatrician in town is my former resident. Almost every pediatrician in town is my former resident. IIII’’’’ve ve ve ve been here been here been here been here many years.many years.many years.many years.

DR. GARTNER: Right. That’s nice.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I will say, I will say, I will say, I will say, ““““Jim [James Monti], who do you Jim [James Monti], who do you Jim [James Monti], who do you Jim [James Monti], who do you have?have?have?have?” ” ” ” And very sheepishly heAnd very sheepishly heAnd very sheepishly heAnd very sheepishly he’’’’ll say, ll say, ll say, ll say, ““““SoSoSoSo----andandandand----so.so.so.so.” ” ” ” Then IThen IThen IThen I’’’’ll say, ll say, ll say, ll say, ““““Oh, come on Oh, come on Oh, come on Oh, come on in, the baby is in that row. in, the baby is in that row. in, the baby is in that row. in, the baby is in that row. When IWhen IWhen IWhen I’’’’m done with rounds, I m done with rounds, I m done with rounds, I m done with rounds, I can call you.can call you.can call you.can call you.” ” ” ” Sometimes I will say, Sometimes I will say, Sometimes I will say, Sometimes I will say, ““““Are you going to go up and talk with the mom?Are you going to go up and talk with the mom?Are you going to go up and talk with the mom?Are you going to go up and talk with the mom?” ” ” ” HeHeHeHe’’’’ll ll ll ll say,say,say,say,

““““Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.” ” ” ” IIII’’’’ll say, ll say, ll say, ll say, ““““Just go ahead and I will follow up with Just go ahead and I will follow up with Just go ahead and I will follow up with Just go ahead and I will follow up with you. you. you. you. IIII’’’’m glad to know that you are m glad to know that you are m glad to know that you are m glad to know that you are here, and Ihere, and Ihere, and Ihere, and I’’’’ll mention that Ill mention that Ill mention that Ill mention that I’’’’ve seen you, ve seen you, ve seen you, ve seen you, and that you are our coand that you are our coand that you are our coand that you are our co----care people.care people.care people.care people.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And then at the time And then at the time And then at the time And then at the time of discharge, the residents are very good with the electronic of discharge, the residents are very good with the electronic of discharge, the residents are very good with the electronic of discharge, the residents are very good with the electronic medical record medical record medical record medical record system now. system now. system now. system now. Before discharge, we have a template that spells out the Before discharge, we have a template that spells out the Before discharge, we have a template that spells out the Before discharge, we have a template that spells out the pediatrician name, administration given, eye exam done, dahpediatrician name, administration given, eye exam done, dahpediatrician name, administration given, eye exam done, dahpediatrician name, administration given, eye exam done, dah----dahdahdahdah----dah. dah. dah. dah. Everything Everything Everything Everything has to be has to be has to be has to be checked off, therechecked off, therechecked off, therechecked off, there’’’’s a checklist.s a checklist.s a checklist.s a checklist.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We do not discharge a baby We do not discharge a baby We do not discharge a baby We do not discharge a baby without the pediatrician identified. without the pediatrician identified. without the pediatrician identified. without the pediatrician identified. Also, whenever the Also, whenever the Also, whenever the Also, whenever the baby is discharged, an baby is discharged, an baby is discharged, an baby is discharged, an electronic discharge record is automatically faxed to the pediatricianelectronic discharge record is automatically faxed to the pediatricianelectronic discharge record is automatically faxed to the pediatricianelectronic discharge record is automatically faxed to the pediatrician’’’’s s s s office. office. office. office. And theyAnd theyAnd theyAnd they’’’’re very happy.re very happy.re very happy.re very happy.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, I imagine.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: All the pediatricians are very, very happy with us. All the pediatricians are very, very happy with us. All the pediatricians are very, very happy with us. All the pediatricians are very, very happy with us. And And And And that keeps your business that keeps your business that keeps your business that keeps your business going, too, you know.going, too, you know.going, too, you know.going, too, you know.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I got to tell you the story I got to tell you the story I got to tell you the story I got to tell you the story about this relationship with the community. about this relationship with the community. about this relationship with the community. about this relationship with the community. This is a very This is a very This is a very This is a very interesting story. interesting story. interesting story. interesting story. This is the way the regionalization was established. This is the way the regionalization was established. This is the way the regionalization was established. This is the way the regionalization was established. I mentioned that by the I mentioned that by the I mentioned that by the I mentioned that by the midmidmidmid----1980s, I was going well and really gung1980s, I was going well and really gung1980s, I was going well and really gung1980s, I was going well and really gung----ho. ho. ho. ho. Our service was expanding, and Our service was expanding, and Our service was expanding, and Our service was expanding, and we were we were we were we were moving to the new facility. moving to the new facility. moving to the new facility. moving to the new facility. So one of the community hospitals in town So one of the community hospitals in town So one of the community hospitals in town So one of the community hospitals in town had about 1,500 had about 1,500 had about 1,500 had about 1,500 deliveries. deliveries. deliveries. deliveries. The CEO came over to my office one day and said, The CEO came over to my office one day and said, The CEO came over to my office one day and said, The CEO came over to my office one day and said, ““““My pediatricians and My pediatricians and My pediatricians and My pediatricians and obstetricians want to have a NICU established in my obstetricians want to have a NICU established in my obstetricians want to have a NICU established in my obstetricians want to have a NICU established in my hospital, and I went to the hospital, and I went to the hospital, and I went to the hospital, and I went to the ————” ” ” ” You know, You know, You know, You know, in those days, we had the soin those days, we had the soin those days, we had the soin those days, we had the so----called called called called certificate of need, CON.certificate of need, CON.certificate of need, CON.certificate of need, CON.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Every time you establish a big program, youEvery time you establish a big program, youEvery time you establish a big program, youEvery time you establish a big program, you’’’’ve got to go ve got to go ve got to go ve got to go to the health department. to the health department. to the health department. to the health department. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““I went to the department of health, talked I went to the department of health, talked I went to the department of health, talked I went to the department of health, talked to the director of health, and he said that to the director of health, and he said that to the director of health, and he said that to the director of health, and he said that if Dr. Oh says itif Dr. Oh says itif Dr. Oh says itif Dr. Oh says it’’’’s okay, you can s okay, you can s okay, you can s okay, you can have it. If he says ithave it. If he says ithave it. If he says ithave it. If he says it’’’’s not okay, you cannot have it. s not okay, you cannot have it. s not okay, you cannot have it. s not okay, you cannot have it. Period. Period. Period. Period. End of End of End of End of discussion.discussion.discussion.discussion.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““So ISo ISo ISo I’’’’m here to ask you if itm here to ask you if itm here to ask you if itm here to ask you if it’’’’s okay with you.s okay with you.s okay with you.s okay with you.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““John, what do you John, what do you John, what do you John, what do you want a NICU for?want a NICU for?want a NICU for?want a NICU for?” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Well my pediatricians all what Well my pediatricians all what Well my pediatricians all what Well my pediatricians all what them, because it will relieve them them, because it will relieve them them, because it will relieve them them, because it will relieve them of the responsibility.of the responsibility.of the responsibility.of the responsibility.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““John, John, John, John, listen. listen. listen. listen. Of course, I canOf course, I canOf course, I canOf course, I can’’’’t stop you from doing whatever t stop you from doing whatever t stop you from doing whatever t stop you from doing whatever you want to do, but go you want to do, but go you want to do, but go you want to do, but go out and hire one, okay? out and hire one, okay? out and hire one, okay? out and hire one, okay? One neonatologistOne neonatologistOne neonatologistOne neonatologist

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is not going to do it. is not going to do it. is not going to do it. is not going to do it. He cannot take calls every night, and if heHe cannot take calls every night, and if heHe cannot take calls every night, and if heHe cannot take calls every night, and if he’’’’s s s s going to be in Level II, that going to be in Level II, that going to be in Level II, that going to be in Level II, that has very low acuity. has very low acuity. has very low acuity. has very low acuity. He will be bored. He will be bored. He will be bored. He will be bored. He will He will He will He will burn out, and before you know it, youburn out, and before you know it, youburn out, and before you know it, youburn out, and before you know it, you’’’’ll lose ll lose ll lose ll lose him.him.him.him.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Why donWhy donWhy donWhy don’’’’t I do t I do t I do t I do this? this? this? this? You go ahead and set up your unit. You go ahead and set up your unit. You go ahead and set up your unit. You go ahead and set up your unit. IIII’’’’ll hire a neonatologist ll hire a neonatologist ll hire a neonatologist ll hire a neonatologist for you. for you. for you. for you. That neonatologist will become my faculty member. That neonatologist will become my faculty member. That neonatologist will become my faculty member. That neonatologist will become my faculty member. He will make rounds with me He will make rounds with me He will make rounds with me He will make rounds with me in a in a in a in a tertiary care center two months a year, and in those two months, we will tertiary care center two months a year, and in those two months, we will tertiary care center two months a year, and in those two months, we will tertiary care center two months a year, and in those two months, we will send my send my send my send my neonatologist to your unit to take care of the babies.neonatologist to your unit to take care of the babies.neonatologist to your unit to take care of the babies.neonatologist to your unit to take care of the babies.” ” ” ” And thatAnd thatAnd thatAnd that’’’’s how s how s how s how it got started. it got started. it got started. it got started. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Hey, that sounds like a good idea. Hey, that sounds like a good idea. Hey, that sounds like a good idea. Hey, that sounds like a good idea. How much will it How much will it How much will it How much will it cost me?cost me?cost me?cost me?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Whatever their salary Whatever their salary Whatever their salary Whatever their salary is plus a 20 percent overhead.is plus a 20 percent overhead.is plus a 20 percent overhead.is plus a 20 percent overhead.” ” ” ” He He He He said, said, said, said, ““““ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a very good deal. s a very good deal. s a very good deal. s a very good deal. What else do I have to do?What else do I have to do?What else do I have to do?What else do I have to do?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““You have You have You have You have to establish a committee with my people and your people, come up with a to establish a committee with my people and your people, come up with a to establish a committee with my people and your people, come up with a to establish a committee with my people and your people, come up with a contract contract contract contract with the medical criteria for transfer one way and the other, and letwith the medical criteria for transfer one way and the other, and letwith the medical criteria for transfer one way and the other, and letwith the medical criteria for transfer one way and the other, and let’’’’s make s make s make s make sure that sure that sure that sure that we follow the criteria.we follow the criteria.we follow the criteria.we follow the criteria.” ” ” ” And that was it. That was the first Level II And that was it. That was the first Level II And that was it. That was the first Level II And that was it. That was the first Level II that was started, just about that was started, just about that was started, just about that was started, just about five, ten miles from here. five, ten miles from here. five, ten miles from here. five, ten miles from here. Very Very Very Very successful.successful.successful.successful.

DR. GARTNER: It’s a good movement.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I hired a neonatologist, a member of my faculty. I hired a neonatologist, a member of my faculty. I hired a neonatologist, a member of my faculty. I hired a neonatologist, a member of my faculty. That That That That person was in charge of the person was in charge of the person was in charge of the person was in charge of the unit, and theyunit, and theyunit, and theyunit, and they’’’’re happy, because they got somebody re happy, because they got somebody re happy, because they got somebody re happy, because they got somebody for their neonatologist. for their neonatologist. for their neonatologist. for their neonatologist. Then before you Then before you Then before you Then before you know it, I got a call from several know it, I got a call from several know it, I got a call from several know it, I got a call from several hospitals. hospitals. hospitals. hospitals. There were four of them from Massachusetts, There were four of them from Massachusetts, There were four of them from Massachusetts, There were four of them from Massachusetts, southeastern Mass., Fall southeastern Mass., Fall southeastern Mass., Fall southeastern Mass., Fall River, New Bedford, and River, New Bedford, and River, New Bedford, and River, New Bedford, and ———— whatwhatwhatwhat’’’’s that little town south of Boston, s that little town south of Boston, s that little town south of Boston, s that little town south of Boston, ten miles ten miles ten miles ten miles from Boston?from Boston?from Boston?from Boston?

DR. GARTNER: I don’t know Boston. I don’t know the geography.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Anyway, it got to the Anyway, it got to the Anyway, it got to the Anyway, it got to the point that, just to make a long story short, I established exactly point that, just to make a long story short, I established exactly point that, just to make a long story short, I established exactly point that, just to make a long story short, I established exactly the same the same the same the same ————

DR. GARTNER: With each of them.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— contract with these two hospitals. contract with these two hospitals. contract with these two hospitals. contract with these two hospitals. The fourth one, I went up to The fourth one, I went up to The fourth one, I went up to The fourth one, I went up to make a visit to see make a visit to see make a visit to see make a visit to see what the place looked like, and then I realized itwhat the place looked like, and then I realized itwhat the place looked like, and then I realized itwhat the place looked like, and then I realized it’’’’s only s only s only s only five or ten miles from Boston, from five or ten miles from Boston, from five or ten miles from Boston, from five or ten miles from Boston, from Chinatown. I said, Chinatown. I said, Chinatown. I said, Chinatown. I said, ““““This is too much. This is too much. This is too much. This is too much. Mel Mel Mel Mel Avery would have killed me.Avery would have killed me.Avery would have killed me.Avery would have killed me.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I decided not to do it. So I decided not to do it. So I decided not to do it. So I decided not to do it. But there is a But there is a But there is a But there is a very interesting story about Mel Avery. very interesting story about Mel Avery. very interesting story about Mel Avery. very interesting story about Mel Avery. When When When When Leo was still alive, I went down Leo was still alive, I went down Leo was still alive, I went down Leo was still alive, I went down with him to one of those, our AMSPDC [Association of with him to one of those, our AMSPDC [Association of with him to one of those, our AMSPDC [Association of with him to one of those, our AMSPDC [Association of Medical School Pediatric Medical School Pediatric Medical School Pediatric Medical School Pediatric Department Chairmen] meeting.Department Chairmen] meeting.Department Chairmen] meeting.Department Chairmen] meeting.


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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In Florida someplace. In Florida someplace. In Florida someplace. In Florida someplace. So he asked me to So he asked me to So he asked me to So he asked me to give a talk on how I regionalized things. give a talk on how I regionalized things. give a talk on how I regionalized things. give a talk on how I regionalized things. I I I I showed a map with Providence, showed a map with Providence, showed a map with Providence, showed a map with Providence, Boston, southeastern Mass., and I used color. Boston, southeastern Mass., and I used color. Boston, southeastern Mass., and I used color. Boston, southeastern Mass., and I used color. It was all mine, It was all mine, It was all mine, It was all mine, you you you you know.know.know.know.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Mel Avery was sitting in front. Mel Avery was sitting in front. Mel Avery was sitting in front. Mel Avery was sitting in front. She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““Bill, IBill, IBill, IBill, I’’’’ve got a gun right here. ve got a gun right here. ve got a gun right here. ve got a gun right here. IIII’’’’ll shoot ll shoot ll shoot ll shoot you.you.you.you.” ” ” ” [[[[Laughter] True story. Laughter] True story. Laughter] True story. Laughter] True story. I remember it. She doesnI remember it. She doesnI remember it. She doesnI remember it. She doesn’’’’t remember t remember t remember t remember that. that. that. that. I, essentially, invaded I, essentially, invaded I, essentially, invaded I, essentially, invaded the Boston territory. the Boston territory. the Boston territory. the Boston territory. I mentioned earlier that I I mentioned earlier that I I mentioned earlier that I I mentioned earlier that I made a little bit of a demographic study to see made a little bit of a demographic study to see made a little bit of a demographic study to see made a little bit of a demographic study to see what catchment area I would what catchment area I would what catchment area I would what catchment area I would need, and I looked at the map. need, and I looked at the map. need, and I looked at the map. need, and I looked at the map. You know, [Interstates] 95, 93 You know, [Interstates] 95, 93 You know, [Interstates] 95, 93 You know, [Interstates] 95, 93 and 195, and 195, and 195, and 195, right?right?right?right?

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DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And the highway from southeastern Mass. to go to Boston is more often than And the highway from southeastern Mass. to go to Boston is more often than And the highway from southeastern Mass. to go to Boston is more often than And the highway from southeastern Mass. to go to Boston is more often than not not not not clogged, so itclogged, so itclogged, so itclogged, so it’’’’s not very convenient for them to go up to Boston. s not very convenient for them to go up to Boston. s not very convenient for them to go up to Boston. s not very convenient for them to go up to Boston. When they When they When they When they find out there is a find out there is a find out there is a find out there is a quality of care kind of hospital here in Providence, they quality of care kind of hospital here in Providence, they quality of care kind of hospital here in Providence, they quality of care kind of hospital here in Providence, they all send them to me. all send them to me. all send them to me. all send them to me. Plus the fact that Plus the fact that Plus the fact that Plus the fact that thethethethe

pediatricians pediatricians pediatricians pediatricians there all knew me, because, as I told you, in the first year of my being here, I there all knew me, because, as I told you, in the first year of my being here, I there all knew me, because, as I told you, in the first year of my being here, I there all knew me, because, as I told you, in the first year of my being here, I

spent the whole year traveling to all the hospitals and talking to the spent the whole year traveling to all the hospitals and talking to the spent the whole year traveling to all the hospitals and talking to the spent the whole year traveling to all the hospitals and talking to the pediatricians. pediatricians. pediatricians. pediatricians. I know I know I know I know every pediatrician in southeastern Massachusettsevery pediatrician in southeastern Massachusettsevery pediatrician in southeastern Massachusettsevery pediatrician in southeastern Massachusetts

———— Fall River, New Bedford, et cetera, all the way to the Cape. Fall River, New Bedford, et cetera, all the way to the Cape. Fall River, New Bedford, et cetera, all the way to the Cape. Fall River, New Bedford, et cetera, all the way to the Cape. [Laughs][Laughs][Laughs][Laughs]


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why you do the regionalization.s why you do the regionalization.s why you do the regionalization.s why you do the regionalization.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s about the s about the s about the s about the relationship with people. relationship with people. relationship with people. relationship with people. I tried to establish a relationship.I tried to establish a relationship.I tried to establish a relationship.I tried to establish a relationship.

DR. GARTNER: That is important.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I did that when I was in LA [Los Angeles]. I did that when I was in LA [Los Angeles]. I did that when I was in LA [Los Angeles]. I did that when I was in LA [Los Angeles]. I, essentially, established a I, essentially, established a I, essentially, established a I, essentially, established a region within region within region within region within the South Bay area. the South Bay area. the South Bay area. the South Bay area. All those hospitals referred patients to me, All those hospitals referred patients to me, All those hospitals referred patients to me, All those hospitals referred patients to me, because I went down and because I went down and because I went down and because I went down and

talked to them.talked to them.talked to them.talked to them.

DR. GARTNER: Good. What about the relationship with pediatric surgery? We haven’t talked about that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. ItItItIt’’’’s a very, kind of a s a very, kind of a s a very, kind of a s a very, kind of a tackytackytackytacky----ish issue. ish issue. ish issue. ish issue. I can understand from their perspective, I can understand from their perspective, I can understand from their perspective, I can understand from their perspective, because theybecause theybecause theybecause they’’’’ve been ve been ve been ve been taught pediatric surgery, and most academic pediatric surgery programs taught pediatric surgery, and most academic pediatric surgery programs taught pediatric surgery, and most academic pediatric surgery programs taught pediatric surgery, and most academic pediatric surgery programs have have have have fellowships. And one of the board requirements of the American Board of Surgery fellowships. And one of the board requirements of the American Board of Surgery fellowships. And one of the board requirements of the American Board of Surgery fellowships. And one of the board requirements of the American Board of Surgery is thatis thatis thatis that

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the fellow in pediatric surgery has the fellow in pediatric surgery has the fellow in pediatric surgery has the fellow in pediatric surgery has to have an active role in the care of the newborn surgical to have an active role in the care of the newborn surgical to have an active role in the care of the newborn surgical to have an active role in the care of the newborn surgical problems in problems in problems in problems in NICU.NICU.NICU.NICU.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And you know how it is in the NICU. And you know how it is in the NICU. And you know how it is in the NICU. And you know how it is in the NICU. We take over, right?We take over, right?We take over, right?We take over, right?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And it got to be a very And it got to be a very And it got to be a very And it got to be a very dicey kind of situation.dicey kind of situation.dicey kind of situation.dicey kind of situation.

DR. GARTNER: Exactly.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: When I was chief, I sat down with the chief of pediatric When I was chief, I sat down with the chief of pediatric When I was chief, I sat down with the chief of pediatric When I was chief, I sat down with the chief of pediatric surgery. surgery. surgery. surgery. We developed, We developed, We developed, We developed, essentially, a guideline, a modus operandi, an MO, on essentially, a guideline, a modus operandi, an MO, on essentially, a guideline, a modus operandi, an MO, on essentially, a guideline, a modus operandi, an MO, on how to separate the responsibility. how to separate the responsibility. how to separate the responsibility. how to separate the responsibility. There was also the issue of where the baby There was also the issue of where the baby There was also the issue of where the baby There was also the issue of where the baby should go after surgery, because the surgery is should go after surgery, because the surgery is should go after surgery, because the surgery is should go after surgery, because the surgery is done at the hospital, across the done at the hospital, across the done at the hospital, across the done at the hospital, across the tunnel from us. tunnel from us. tunnel from us. tunnel from us. We didnWe didnWe didnWe didn’’’’t have a neonatal surgery suite at our t have a neonatal surgery suite at our t have a neonatal surgery suite at our t have a neonatal surgery suite at our hospital.hospital.hospital.hospital.

DR. GARTNER: I see.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thereSo thereSo thereSo there’’’’s always the issue of where the baby goes after surgery. s always the issue of where the baby goes after surgery. s always the issue of where the baby goes after surgery. s always the issue of where the baby goes after surgery. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s s s s actually actually actually actually administratively driven. administratively driven. administratively driven. administratively driven. They want more babies.They want more babies.They want more babies.They want more babies.

DR. GARTNER: Sure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The hospital stay, the The hospital stay, the The hospital stay, the The hospital stay, the length of the hospital days is important for their budget, length of the hospital days is important for their budget, length of the hospital days is important for their budget, length of the hospital days is important for their budget, bottom bottom bottom bottom line.line.line.line.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So itSo itSo itSo it’’’’s elementary. s elementary. s elementary. s elementary. ThereThereThereThere’’’’s always a fight between two, and I always take the s always a fight between two, and I always take the s always a fight between two, and I always take the s always a fight between two, and I always take the fight fight fight fight away from them and make it a medical issue. When I sat down with the chief away from them and make it a medical issue. When I sat down with the chief away from them and make it a medical issue. When I sat down with the chief away from them and make it a medical issue. When I sat down with the chief of surgery, I of surgery, I of surgery, I of surgery, I said, said, said, said, ““““LetLetLetLet’’’’s set up certain guidelines. s set up certain guidelines. s set up certain guidelines. s set up certain guidelines. If the baby is If the baby is If the baby is If the baby is suchsuchsuchsuch----andandandand----such and suchsuch and suchsuch and suchsuch and such----andandandand----such, hesuch, hesuch, hesuch, he’’’’ll ll ll ll recover at your recovery room and go to recover at your recovery room and go to recover at your recovery room and go to recover at your recovery room and go to the hospital floor. the hospital floor. the hospital floor. the hospital floor. If these are the conditions, the If these are the conditions, the If these are the conditions, the If these are the conditions, the baby comes back to us.baby comes back to us.baby comes back to us.baby comes back to us.” ” ” ” And that worked out okay. And that worked out okay. And that worked out okay. And that worked out okay. In terms of fellow responsibility, what we In terms of fellow responsibility, what we In terms of fellow responsibility, what we In terms of fellow responsibility, what we did was to did was to did was to did was to make up a list of things that the neonatologists are responsible for, and make up a list of things that the neonatologists are responsible for, and make up a list of things that the neonatologists are responsible for, and make up a list of things that the neonatologists are responsible for, and another list another list another list another list of things that the surgeons are responsible for, and a third list of things that the surgeons are responsible for, and a third list of things that the surgeons are responsible for, and a third list of things that the surgeons are responsible for, and a third list that is called cothat is called cothat is called cothat is called co----care. care. care. care. ItItItIt’’’’s s s s color coded so that when you have a surgical baby color coded so that when you have a surgical baby color coded so that when you have a surgical baby color coded so that when you have a surgical baby come in, if itcome in, if itcome in, if itcome in, if it’’’’s, for example, the wound s, for example, the wound s, for example, the wound s, for example, the wound care, or itcare, or itcare, or itcare, or it’’’’s a kid with omphalocele or s a kid with omphalocele or s a kid with omphalocele or s a kid with omphalocele or anything that is a purely surgical issue, heanything that is a purely surgical issue, heanything that is a purely surgical issue, heanything that is a purely surgical issue, he’’’’s their s their s their s their responsibility. responsibility. responsibility. responsibility. We donWe donWe donWe don’’’’t t t t do anything that has to dodo anything that has to dodo anything that has to dodo anything that has to do

with a surgical procedure. with a surgical procedure. with a surgical procedure. with a surgical procedure. Fluid, Fluid, Fluid, Fluid, electrolyte, nutrition, we do, but we alwayselectrolyte, nutrition, we do, but we alwayselectrolyte, nutrition, we do, but we alwayselectrolyte, nutrition, we do, but we always

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consult consult consult consult with them. with them. with them. with them. Points on the kid, after GI [gastrointestinal] surgery, we never Points on the kid, after GI [gastrointestinal] surgery, we never Points on the kid, after GI [gastrointestinal] surgery, we never Points on the kid, after GI [gastrointestinal] surgery, we never start a feed start a feed start a feed start a feed until the surgeon okays it. until the surgeon okays it. until the surgeon okays it. until the surgeon okays it. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. And every time we want to And every time we want to And every time we want to And every time we want to advance the feed, we always ask advance the feed, we always ask advance the feed, we always ask advance the feed, we always ask them. them. them. them. This is very good communication. So we This is very good communication. So we This is very good communication. So we This is very good communication. So we dondondondon’’’’t really have any fights.t really have any fights.t really have any fights.t really have any fights.

DR. GARTNER: It’s a shared responsibility.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s a shared s a shared s a shared s a shared responsibility. responsibility. responsibility. responsibility. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the bottom line. s the bottom line. s the bottom line. s the bottom line. ItItItIt’’’’s not true in many s not true in many s not true in many s not true in many places.places.places.places.

DR. GARTNER: No, it isn’t. That’s a problem in a lot of places.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: A lot of problems now a A lot of problems now a A lot of problems now a A lot of problems now a days. days. days. days. [Laughs][Laughs][Laughs][Laughs]

DR. GARTNER: At [Albert] Einstein [Medical Center] there was no pediatric surgery training program, so it was very easy.


DR. GARTNER: The surgeons were very happy for us to take care of the patients.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But places where they have But places where they have But places where they have But places where they have ————

DR. GARTNER: With a training program.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— a training program, thata training program, thata training program, thata training program, that’’’’s where the problems are.s where the problems are.s where the problems are.s where the problems are.

DR. GARTNER: That’s right. Quite so. The transition to neonatology was really an outgrowth of premature infant care, and we didn’t really talk about what your experience and what other people’s experience was in that movement from preemie care to neonatal intensive care. How did that happen, and how did you manage it?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I managed it, essentially, with I managed it, essentially, with I managed it, essentially, with I managed it, essentially, with nursing staff, because the definition nursing staff, because the definition nursing staff, because the definition nursing staff, because the definition ———— Well, first of Well, first of Well, first of Well, first of aaaallllllll,,,, yyyyoooouuuu hhhhaaaavvvveeee ttttoooo hhhhaaaavvvveeee aaaa nnnnaaaammmmeeee ffffoooorrrr iiiitttt.... YYYYoooouuuu kkkknnnnoooowwww,,,, wwwweeee uuuusssseeeedddd ttttoooo ccccaaaallllllll iiiitttt ““““sssstttteeeepppp----ddddoooowwwwnnnn,,,,”””” aaaannnndddd ppppeeeeoooopppplllleeee

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didndidndidndidn’’’’t like t like t like t like it, because itit, because itit, because itit, because it’’’’s a s a s a s a step downstep downstep downstep down, which isn, which isn, which isn, which isn’’’’t good. t good. t good. t good. Then we called it a Then we called it a Then we called it a Then we called it a ““““convalescent convalescent convalescent convalescent unit.unit.unit.unit.” ” ” ” They didnThey didnThey didnThey didn’’’’t like that either, so we called it a t like that either, so we called it a t like that either, so we called it a t like that either, so we called it a ““““special special special special care unit.care unit.care unit.care unit.” ” ” ” ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the special care s the special care s the special care s the special care part. The intensive care part is the very part. The intensive care part is the very part. The intensive care part is the very part. The intensive care part is the very high acuity patient, and ithigh acuity patient, and ithigh acuity patient, and ithigh acuity patient, and it’’’’s based on nursing staffing, s based on nursing staffing, s based on nursing staffing, s based on nursing staffing, okay? If it was a 1:1 okay? If it was a 1:1 okay? If it was a 1:1 okay? If it was a 1:1 or 1:2 [nurse to patient ratio based on patient acuity], then it stayed in or 1:2 [nurse to patient ratio based on patient acuity], then it stayed in or 1:2 [nurse to patient ratio based on patient acuity], then it stayed in or 1:2 [nurse to patient ratio based on patient acuity], then it stayed in the the the the NICU, in the intensive care unit. NICU, in the intensive care unit. NICU, in the intensive care unit. NICU, in the intensive care unit. If it got down to 1:3 or 1:4, then it goes to If it got down to 1:3 or 1:4, then it goes to If it got down to 1:3 or 1:4, then it goes to If it got down to 1:3 or 1:4, then it goes to the special the special the special the special care. care. care. care. ItItItIt’’’’s easier that way. s easier that way. s easier that way. s easier that way. ItItItIt’’’’s nursing care oriented. s nursing care oriented. s nursing care oriented. s nursing care oriented. And And And And theretheretherethere’’’’s also certain medical s also certain medical s also certain medical s also certain medical condition that we try to incorporate. condition that we try to incorporate. condition that we try to incorporate. condition that we try to incorporate. For For For For instance, a kid with a PIC line [percutaneousinstance, a kid with a PIC line [percutaneousinstance, a kid with a PIC line [percutaneousinstance, a kid with a PIC line [percutaneous

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intravenous intravenous intravenous intravenous catheter] in him needs to stay in the intensive care unit, but kids that are catheter] in him needs to stay in the intensive care unit, but kids that are catheter] in him needs to stay in the intensive care unit, but kids that are catheter] in him needs to stay in the intensive care unit, but kids that are just just just just feeding and growing go to the special care nursery.feeding and growing go to the special care nursery.feeding and growing go to the special care nursery.feeding and growing go to the special care nursery.

DR. GARTNER: I guess I was asking from a historical perspective —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, oh.Oh, oh.Oh, oh.Oh, oh.

DR. GARTNER: — in that time when there was a change. After all, you were in charge of a premature infant unit at Michael Reese.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In those days, there In those days, there In those days, there In those days, there was no intensive care.was no intensive care.was no intensive care.was no intensive care.

DR. GARTNER: There was no intensive care. And then intensive care occurred, and there was a change from what was a preemie unit to a neonatal intensive care unit. Now, I don’t know

whether you experienced that actual transition or whether you left Michael Reese when it was still a preemie unit —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No.No.No.No.

DR. GARTNER: — and went to Harbor General, where there was a neonatal intensive care unit.


DR. GARTNER: Is that what happened there?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: And that was just the beginning. And that was just the beginning. And that was just the beginning. And that was just the beginning. That was 1969 toThat was 1969 toThat was 1969 toThat was 1969 to

1974. 1974. 1974. 1974. That was the beginning of the concept now called convalescent That was the beginning of the concept now called convalescent That was the beginning of the concept now called convalescent That was the beginning of the concept now called convalescent care, for the less acuity care, for the less acuity care, for the less acuity care, for the less acuity babies.babies.babies.babies.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So I didnSo I didnSo I didnSo I didn’’’’t have to deal with them, because it was all t have to deal with them, because it was all t have to deal with them, because it was all t have to deal with them, because it was all mixed in one unit. mixed in one unit. mixed in one unit. mixed in one unit. First of all, First of all, First of all, First of all, we had no place for those babies. we had no place for those babies. we had no place for those babies. we had no place for those babies. But now But now But now But now itititit’’’’s really a distinct geographic area. s really a distinct geographic area. s really a distinct geographic area. s really a distinct geographic area. We now have We now have We now have We now have a separate unit space for a separate unit space for a separate unit space for a separate unit space for the convalescent babies. the convalescent babies. the convalescent babies. the convalescent babies. And, again, as I said, the transition was And, again, as I said, the transition was And, again, as I said, the transition was And, again, as I said, the transition was actually actually actually actually pretty smooth, because it was under the direction of only one person, with one pretty smooth, because it was under the direction of only one person, with one pretty smooth, because it was under the direction of only one person, with one pretty smooth, because it was under the direction of only one person, with one head head head head nurse, and the two of you got together and worked it out. nurse, and the two of you got together and worked it out. nurse, and the two of you got together and worked it out. nurse, and the two of you got together and worked it out. I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t have t have t have t have much of a problem.much of a problem.much of a problem.much of a problem.

DR. GARTNER: You didn’t have any transition?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No.No.No.No.

DR. GARTNER: You never went through a real transition in changing from a preemie unit to changing it to a neonatal intensive care unit?

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No.No.No.No.

DR. GARTNER: Okay.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: No, not really. No, not really. No, not really. No, not really. I was lucky, in a way.I was lucky, in a way.I was lucky, in a way.I was lucky, in a way.

DR. GARTNER: You were. That was a very traumatic experience in my life. [Laughs] Not for me, but for the nurses.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But I learned a lot in terms of trying to adapt and how to use a ventilator But I learned a lot in terms of trying to adapt and how to use a ventilator But I learned a lot in terms of trying to adapt and how to use a ventilator But I learned a lot in terms of trying to adapt and how to use a ventilator and all of and all of and all of and all of that, but I didnthat, but I didnthat, but I didnthat, but I didn’’’’t have any training. t have any training. t have any training. t have any training. That was different.That was different.That was different.That was different.

DR. GARTNER: We learned on the job. Let’s see. What haven’t we talked about here? We’ve talked from a more positive perspective, but from a negative one, what are the current deficiencies? What negative aspects of neonatal intensive care still exist?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Well, let me tell Well, let me tell Well, let me tell Well, let me tell you. you. you. you. I split them into three categories. The first is clinical care. I split them into three categories. The first is clinical care. I split them into three categories. The first is clinical care. I split them into three categories. The first is clinical care. The The The The major major major major negative we have now is denegative we have now is denegative we have now is denegative we have now is de---- regionalization. regionalization. regionalization. regionalization. I see a lot of units fighting each I see a lot of units fighting each I see a lot of units fighting each I see a lot of units fighting each other, and other, and other, and other, and the competition is not very good at all. the competition is not very good at all. the competition is not very good at all. the competition is not very good at all. It really compromises the It really compromises the It really compromises the It really compromises the quality of care, and that quality of care, and that quality of care, and that quality of care, and that needs to change. needs to change. needs to change. needs to change. I think the Fetus and Newborn I think the Fetus and Newborn I think the Fetus and Newborn I think the Fetus and Newborn Committee of the Academy is trying very Committee of the Academy is trying very Committee of the Academy is trying very Committee of the Academy is trying very hard to set up guidelines and all that, hard to set up guidelines and all that, hard to set up guidelines and all that, hard to set up guidelines and all that, but, you know, a guidelinebut, you know, a guidelinebut, you know, a guidelinebut, you know, a guideline

is a guideline. is a guideline. is a guideline. is a guideline. Nobody really Nobody really Nobody really Nobody really follows it.follows it.follows it.follows it.

DR. GARTNER: Mm-hm.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s one thing. s one thing. s one thing. s one thing. The teaching, I think, the deficiency there is the The teaching, I think, the deficiency there is the The teaching, I think, the deficiency there is the The teaching, I think, the deficiency there is the shortening of the shortening of the shortening of the shortening of the residentsresidentsresidentsresidents’ ’ ’ ’ exposure to neonatal care. They limit them to, what exposure to neonatal care. They limit them to, what exposure to neonatal care. They limit them to, what exposure to neonatal care. They limit them to, what is it, no more than three is it, no more than three is it, no more than three is it, no more than three months, right?months, right?months, right?months, right?


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: For the entire 36 months. For the entire 36 months. For the entire 36 months. For the entire 36 months. To To To To me, thatme, thatme, thatme, that’’’’s hardly enough for a pediatrician out there to s hardly enough for a pediatrician out there to s hardly enough for a pediatrician out there to s hardly enough for a pediatrician out there to take care of a sick take care of a sick take care of a sick take care of a sick baby in a delivery room. Therebaby in a delivery room. Therebaby in a delivery room. Therebaby in a delivery room. There’’’’s really not much we can do about it. s really not much we can do about it. s really not much we can do about it. s really not much we can do about it. The The The The board board board board dictates it.dictates it.dictates it.dictates it.

DR. GARTNER: Right. I could try to fight it, but it’s hard.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Some places have tried to, not Some places have tried to, not Some places have tried to, not Some places have tried to, not illegally, but tried to creatively illegally, but tried to creatively illegally, but tried to creatively illegally, but tried to creatively ———— wewewewe’’’’ll have to use ll have to use ll have to use ll have to use the word the word the word the word ““““creativelycreativelycreativelycreatively””””———— structure the program in a way that on paper is not exceeding the structure the program in a way that on paper is not exceeding the structure the program in a way that on paper is not exceeding the structure the program in a way that on paper is not exceeding the requirement, requirement, requirement, requirement, but in actual operation, you do have residents who are involved in the newborn but in actual operation, you do have residents who are involved in the newborn but in actual operation, you do have residents who are involved in the newborn but in actual operation, you do have residents who are involved in the newborn care. care. care. care. For instance, just to give an example, I donFor instance, just to give an example, I donFor instance, just to give an example, I donFor instance, just to give an example, I don’’’’t think this is illegal, t think this is illegal, t think this is illegal, t think this is illegal, because ourbecause ourbecause ourbecause our

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program is accredited for five program is accredited for five program is accredited for five program is accredited for five years. years. years. years. They came to review just a couple of years ago. They came to review just a couple of years ago. They came to review just a couple of years ago. They came to review just a couple of years ago. What What What What they do is to have they do is to have they do is to have they do is to have assigned someone in the, letassigned someone in the, letassigned someone in the, letassigned someone in the, let’’’’s say, elective or ambulatory rotation that has s say, elective or ambulatory rotation that has s say, elective or ambulatory rotation that has s say, elective or ambulatory rotation that has a a a a halfhalfhalfhalf----day session, and they will spend the other half day in the newborn day session, and they will spend the other half day in the newborn day session, and they will spend the other half day in the newborn day session, and they will spend the other half day in the newborn nursery.nursery.nursery.nursery.

DR. GARTNER: In the well baby nursery.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In the well baby nursery, yes. In the well baby nursery, yes. In the well baby nursery, yes. In the well baby nursery, yes. There is There is There is There is one rotation that is for the normal nursery, one rotation that is for the normal nursery, one rotation that is for the normal nursery, one rotation that is for the normal nursery, but they also sit in the residentsbut they also sit in the residentsbut they also sit in the residentsbut they also sit in the residents’ ’ ’ ’ room for delivery. We call them delivery residents. room for delivery. We call them delivery residents. room for delivery. We call them delivery residents. room for delivery. We call them delivery residents. They They They They learn the learn the learn the learn the resuscitation part of it. Resuscitation is so important for the pediatrician to resuscitation part of it. Resuscitation is so important for the pediatrician to resuscitation part of it. Resuscitation is so important for the pediatrician to resuscitation part of it. Resuscitation is so important for the pediatrician to know. know. know. know. If If If If you are downyou are downyou are downyou are down

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in the boondocks, youin the boondocks, youin the boondocks, youin the boondocks, you’’’’re all alone by re all alone by re all alone by re all alone by yourself, you need to know how to intubate, and how to yourself, you need to know how to intubate, and how to yourself, you need to know how to intubate, and how to yourself, you need to know how to intubate, and how to give the oxygen and all give the oxygen and all give the oxygen and all give the oxygen and all those things.those things.those things.those things.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I think we got away, not get away with it, but So I think we got away, not get away with it, but So I think we got away, not get away with it, but So I think we got away, not get away with it, but ————

DR. GARTNER: Squeeze it in.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We We We We tried to creatively structure the program so that it fulfills what we think the tried to creatively structure the program so that it fulfills what we think the tried to creatively structure the program so that it fulfills what we think the tried to creatively structure the program so that it fulfills what we think the residents should know, should learn, and yet not violate the board requirements. residents should know, should learn, and yet not violate the board requirements. residents should know, should learn, and yet not violate the board requirements. residents should know, should learn, and yet not violate the board requirements. ResearchResearchResearchResearch----wise, I think the major deficiency is lack of funding. wise, I think the major deficiency is lack of funding. wise, I think the major deficiency is lack of funding. wise, I think the major deficiency is lack of funding. I mean, thatI mean, thatI mean, thatI mean, that’’’’s s s s what it comes to. what it comes to. what it comes to. what it comes to. We have We have We have We have a lot of very talented people, and yet they cana lot of very talented people, and yet they cana lot of very talented people, and yet they cana lot of very talented people, and yet they can’’’’t do t do t do t do any research, because they donany research, because they donany research, because they donany research, because they don’’’’t have t have t have t have enough research funding. enough research funding. enough research funding. enough research funding. Funding now is Funding now is Funding now is Funding now is 18th. The last time I heard, it was in the 15th 18th. The last time I heard, it was in the 15th 18th. The last time I heard, it was in the 15th 18th. The last time I heard, it was in the 15th percentile for funding lines. percentile for funding lines. percentile for funding lines. percentile for funding lines. I I I I got my first RO1 with a score ofgot my first RO1 with a score ofgot my first RO1 with a score ofgot my first RO1 with a score of

260.260.260.260.

DR. GARTNER: Terrible. [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Today 260 is the Today 260 is the Today 260 is the Today 260 is the bottom, you know.bottom, you know.bottom, you know.bottom, you know.

DR. GARTNER: That’s right. But it is very difficult to get funding, certainly from NIH.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I got my RO1, I still remember, at 260. I got my RO1, I still remember, at 260. I got my RO1, I still remember, at 260. I got my RO1, I still remember, at 260. I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t think I was going to t think I was going to t think I was going to t think I was going to get it, but I got a get it, but I got a get it, but I got a get it, but I got a call the next day from NIH, who asked, call the next day from NIH, who asked, call the next day from NIH, who asked, call the next day from NIH, who asked, ““““What is your What is your What is your What is your budget?budget?budget?budget?””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But thatBut thatBut thatBut that’’’’s a major problems we have. s a major problems we have. s a major problems we have. s a major problems we have. There is also aThere is also aThere is also aThere is also a

lot of competition from the private sector to recruit people, so that lot of competition from the private sector to recruit people, so that lot of competition from the private sector to recruit people, so that lot of competition from the private sector to recruit people, so that people are moving more people are moving more people are moving more people are moving more and more toward the practice setting and not academic. and more toward the practice setting and not academic. and more toward the practice setting and not academic. and more toward the practice setting and not academic. TheTheTheThe

12 percent I mentioned earlier is an actual figure.12 percent I mentioned earlier is an actual figure.12 percent I mentioned earlier is an actual figure.12 percent I mentioned earlier is an actual figure.

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DR. GARTNER: Yes, it’s very small.


DR. GARTNER: What can we do to improve the academic interest?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think we need to start from the bottom by exciting them. I think we need to start from the bottom by exciting them. I think we need to start from the bottom by exciting them. I think we need to start from the bottom by exciting them. ItItItIt’’’’s a hard thing to s a hard thing to s a hard thing to s a hard thing to do, but do, but do, but do, but youyouyouyou’’’’ve got to excite them right at the beginning. ve got to excite them right at the beginning. ve got to excite them right at the beginning. ve got to excite them right at the beginning. I have one medical I have one medical I have one medical I have one medical student come once a student come once a student come once a student come once a week on Wednesday when Iweek on Wednesday when Iweek on Wednesday when Iweek on Wednesday when I’’’’m on service. m on service. m on service. m on service. I always have three I always have three I always have three I always have three hours of onehours of onehours of onehours of one----onononon----one. one. one. one. I give I give I give I give them a case and drill them, drill them. them a case and drill them, drill them. them a case and drill them, drill them. them a case and drill them, drill them. And in the And in the And in the And in the end, they always say, end, they always say, end, they always say, end, they always say, ““““Gee, thatGee, thatGee, thatGee, that’’’’s terrific. s terrific. s terrific. s terrific. I I I I never had a session like this. never had a session like this. never had a session like this. never had a session like this. How is it to be a neonatologist?How is it to be a neonatologist?How is it to be a neonatologist?How is it to be a neonatologist?” ” ” ” and we get talking about it. Itand we get talking about it. Itand we get talking about it. Itand we get talking about it. It’’’’s s s s very very very very exciting.exciting.exciting.exciting.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: In fact, at the end of a session last month, one student looked at me In fact, at the end of a session last month, one student looked at me In fact, at the end of a session last month, one student looked at me In fact, at the end of a session last month, one student looked at me and asked, and asked, and asked, and asked, ““““Can I Can I Can I Can I set up another session with you?set up another session with you?set up another session with you?set up another session with you?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Sure, what for?Sure, what for?Sure, what for?Sure, what for?” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““I really think I want to go I really think I want to go I really think I want to go I really think I want to go into neonatology. into neonatology. into neonatology. into neonatology. I want to think about I want to think about I want to think about I want to think about it. You know, Iit. You know, Iit. You know, Iit. You know, I’’’’d like to talk to you about it.d like to talk to you about it.d like to talk to you about it.d like to talk to you about it.””””

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DR. GARTNER: Right. That sounds like very good thinking.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I gave them my card with my eSo I gave them my card with my eSo I gave them my card with my eSo I gave them my card with my e----mail address. mail address. mail address. mail address. ““““EEEE---- mail me any time. mail me any time. mail me any time. mail me any time. My office My office My office My office door is always open for you.door is always open for you.door is always open for you.door is always open for you.””””

DR. GARTNER: That’s good. That’s very good.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And then, we need And then, we need And then, we need And then, we need to have more research support. Unfortunately, itto have more research support. Unfortunately, itto have more research support. Unfortunately, itto have more research support. Unfortunately, it’’’’s easier said than s easier said than s easier said than s easier said than done.done.done.done.

DR. GARTNER: Especially now, with the economy being the way it is, it’s going to be very difficult to get more money. Certainly money will help.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The other thing that I should The other thing that I should The other thing that I should The other thing that I should mention in terms of critical care is that we need to mention in terms of critical care is that we need to mention in terms of critical care is that we need to mention in terms of critical care is that we need to encourage people to do more encourage people to do more encourage people to do more encourage people to do more and more evidenceand more evidenceand more evidenceand more evidence----based practice. Right now, neonatology is based practice. Right now, neonatology is based practice. Right now, neonatology is based practice. Right now, neonatology is one of the worst one of the worst one of the worst one of the worst specialties in terms of practicing without good evidence.specialties in terms of practicing without good evidence.specialties in terms of practicing without good evidence.specialties in terms of practicing without good evidence.

DR. GARTNER: Hmm!


DR. GARTNER: I thought neonatology had moved more toward a —

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Some do, but we still have a lot of those Some do, but we still have a lot of those Some do, but we still have a lot of those Some do, but we still have a lot of those people who, just because somebody has people who, just because somebody has people who, just because somebody has people who, just because somebody has published a paper on a certain area and published a paper on a certain area and published a paper on a certain area and published a paper on a certain area and itititit’’’’s just very soft data, started using it.s just very soft data, started using it.s just very soft data, started using it.s just very soft data, started using it.

DR. GARTNER: Jumping on the first new things.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s not s not s not s not right. right. right. right. And I also donAnd I also donAnd I also donAnd I also don’’’’t like a lot of the units t like a lot of the units t like a lot of the units t like a lot of the units ———— a lot of places do, and I a lot of places do, and I a lot of places do, and I a lot of places do, and I dondondondon’’’’t t t t mind saying it, because we are doing it in our own department mind saying it, because we are doing it in our own department mind saying it, because we are doing it in our own department mind saying it, because we are doing it in our own department ———— setting up setting up setting up setting up clinical guidelines. clinical guidelines. clinical guidelines. clinical guidelines. To me, thatTo me, thatTo me, thatTo me, that’’’’s cookbook medicine.s cookbook medicine.s cookbook medicine.s cookbook medicine.

DR. GARTNER: Mm-hm.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The advantage of doing it is The advantage of doing it is The advantage of doing it is The advantage of doing it is that you have a uniformity in practice.that you have a uniformity in practice.that you have a uniformity in practice.that you have a uniformity in practice.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But on the other hand, you stop thinking. But on the other hand, you stop thinking. But on the other hand, you stop thinking. But on the other hand, you stop thinking. Once you start a cookbook, you think, for Once you start a cookbook, you think, for Once you start a cookbook, you think, for Once you start a cookbook, you think, for this condition this is what you do, this condition this is what you do, this condition this is what you do, this condition this is what you do, for that condition this is what you do. for that condition this is what you do. for that condition this is what you do. for that condition this is what you do. ItItItIt’’’’s not challenging s not challenging s not challenging s not challenging anymore. anymore. anymore. anymore. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s s s s my own bias.my own bias.my own bias.my own bias.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: But IBut IBut IBut I’’’’m a firm believer that we must m a firm believer that we must m a firm believer that we must m a firm believer that we must ———— When I ran the nursery for When I ran the nursery for When I ran the nursery for When I ran the nursery for about 20 years, about 20 years, about 20 years, about 20 years, when I was in charge, we never had a guideline.when I was in charge, we never had a guideline.when I was in charge, we never had a guideline.when I was in charge, we never had a guideline.

I always tried to tell the residents, I always tried to tell the residents, I always tried to tell the residents, I always tried to tell the residents, ““““Do this,Do this,Do this,Do this,” ” ” ” and then Iand then Iand then Iand then I’’’’d ask, d ask, d ask, d ask, ““““Why do you do this?Why do you do this?Why do you do this?Why do you do this?” ” ” ” I let I let I let I let them think, because thatthem think, because thatthem think, because thatthem think, because that’’’’s the best way of s the best way of s the best way of s the best way of learning, to me, anyway.learning, to me, anyway.learning, to me, anyway.learning, to me, anyway.

DR. GARTNER: No question.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’ve said enough. ve said enough. ve said enough. ve said enough. IIII’’’’ll get in ll get in ll get in ll get in trouble.trouble.trouble.trouble.

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DR. GARTNER: How about training programs? We’ve talked around training programs in general, and as you pointed out, there are more and more people going into clinical practice, and yet we have requirements in the training programs for research.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I I I I started that, you know.started that, you know.started that, you know.started that, you know.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, so it’s your fault.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes, it was my fault.Yes, it was my fault.Yes, it was my fault.Yes, it was my fault.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: When I was on the Board [American When I was on the Board [American When I was on the Board [American When I was on the Board [American Board of Pediatrics], I pushed. Board of Pediatrics], I pushed. Board of Pediatrics], I pushed. Board of Pediatrics], I pushed. Mike [Michael Mike [Michael Mike [Michael Mike [Michael A.] Simmons and I pushed that very, very, very hard. A.] Simmons and I pushed that very, very, very hard. A.] Simmons and I pushed that very, very, very hard. A.] Simmons and I pushed that very, very, very hard. Neonatologists must have research Neonatologists must have research Neonatologists must have research Neonatologists must have research training. training. training. training. ItItItIt’’’’s not so much about going to s not so much about going to s not so much about going to s not so much about going to academics. academics. academics. academics. In fact, thatIn fact, thatIn fact, thatIn fact, that’’’’s what my intent was, not so s what my intent was, not so s what my intent was, not so s what my intent was, not so much about going into much about going into much about going into much about going into academic neonatology but more for them to be practicing better academic neonatology but more for them to be practicing better academic neonatology but more for them to be practicing better academic neonatology but more for them to be practicing better medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. I I I I always say that people who have done research will always practice better always say that people who have done research will always practice better always say that people who have done research will always practice better always say that people who have done research will always practice better medicine. medicine. medicine. medicine. They have more discipline to work the evidence. They have more discipline to work the evidence. They have more discipline to work the evidence. They have more discipline to work the evidence. But as it turned But as it turned But as it turned But as it turned out, it really came out, it really came out, it really came out, it really came back to bite us. back to bite us. back to bite us. back to bite us. People do research just for the sake of People do research just for the sake of People do research just for the sake of People do research just for the sake of getting Board eligibility, so you get a getting Board eligibility, so you get a getting Board eligibility, so you get a getting Board eligibility, so you get a lot of trash in the SPR meetings. lot of trash in the SPR meetings. lot of trash in the SPR meetings. lot of trash in the SPR meetings. [Laughs][Laughs][Laughs][Laughs]

DR. GARTNER: That’s right. They all have to present.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They have to present, so They have to present, so They have to present, so They have to present, so they have to squeeze out something, and when we do that, they have to squeeze out something, and when we do that, they have to squeeze out something, and when we do that, they have to squeeze out something, and when we do that, the quality goes down. the quality goes down. the quality goes down. the quality goes down. I regret I pushed it, but on the other hand, I think it might have some I regret I pushed it, but on the other hand, I think it might have some I regret I pushed it, but on the other hand, I think it might have some I regret I pushed it, but on the other hand, I think it might have some good good good good things in terms of allowing people to dabble in research and be able to read a things in terms of allowing people to dabble in research and be able to read a things in terms of allowing people to dabble in research and be able to read a things in terms of allowing people to dabble in research and be able to read a paper paper paper paper more, you know, more more, you know, more more, you know, more more, you know, more ————

DR. GARTNER: They should be able to understand the research.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t think itthink itthink itthink it’’’’s a total disaster. s a total disaster. s a total disaster. s a total disaster. I think it has created all these papers, and I think it has created all these papers, and I think it has created all these papers, and I think it has created all these papers, and presentations and abstracts that really donpresentations and abstracts that really donpresentations and abstracts that really donpresentations and abstracts that really don’’’’t belong to an academic society. t belong to an academic society. t belong to an academic society. t belong to an academic society. When I go to the When I go to the When I go to the When I go to the poster session, I get so depressed. poster session, I get so depressed. poster session, I get so depressed. poster session, I get so depressed. So I look at the poster, So I look at the poster, So I look at the poster, So I look at the poster, and I say, and I say, and I say, and I say, ““““My God, I did this 20 My God, I did this 20 My God, I did this 20 My God, I did this 20 years ago.years ago.years ago.years ago.””””

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] I have the same feeling.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s the s the s the s the other problem, because the people other problem, because the people other problem, because the people other problem, because the people ————

DR. GARTNER: It’s too much.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ———— who write research protocol who write research protocol who write research protocol who write research protocol do the MEDLINE, and the MEDLINE doesndo the MEDLINE, and the MEDLINE doesndo the MEDLINE, and the MEDLINE doesndo the MEDLINE, and the MEDLINE doesn’’’’t go back t go back t go back t go back to the 1960s and 1970s. to the 1960s and 1970s. to the 1960s and 1970s. to the 1960s and 1970s. They They They They think itthink itthink itthink it’’’’s new. To me, its new. To me, its new. To me, its new. To me, it’’’’s old stuff.s old stuff.s old stuff.s old stuff.

DR. GARTNER: [Laughs] That’s true. If you were to design a neonatology training program now, would you design it in a very different way? Would you do something radically different?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I would do it the way I I would do it the way I I would do it the way I I would do it the way I did it 30 years ago. did it 30 years ago. did it 30 years ago. did it 30 years ago. My fellowship program only had four My fellowship program only had four My fellowship program only had four My fellowship program only had four fellows and never went fellows and never went fellows and never went fellows and never went beyond that. beyond that. beyond that. beyond that. In those days, you had a twoIn those days, you had a twoIn those days, you had a twoIn those days, you had a two----year fellowship, two the year fellowship, two the year fellowship, two the year fellowship, two the first year first year first year first year and two the second year. and two the second year. and two the second year. and two the second year. I never had a firstI never had a firstI never had a firstI never had a first----year fellow start in the nursery year fellow start in the nursery year fellow start in the nursery year fellow start in the nursery in July in July in July in July andandandand

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August. August. August. August. I would sit down with I would sit down with I would sit down with I would sit down with them onethem onethem onethem one----onononon----one, no appointment needed. They had to come in one, no appointment needed. They had to come in one, no appointment needed. They had to come in one, no appointment needed. They had to come in every morning until every morning until every morning until every morning until they got their project squared away from July to August. they got their project squared away from July to August. they got their project squared away from July to August. they got their project squared away from July to August. I kept telling I kept telling I kept telling I kept telling them, them, them, them, and I always draw a timeline.and I always draw a timeline.and I always draw a timeline.and I always draw a timeline.

““““This is where you are. This is where you are. This is where you are. This is where you are. This is This is This is This is next year, the year after, dahnext year, the year after, dahnext year, the year after, dahnext year, the year after, dah----dahdahdahdah----dah.dah.dah.dah.” ” ” ” And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““If you If you If you If you want to be a want to be a want to be a want to be a professor at the end of ten years, or maybe 15 years, you must start early. professor at the end of ten years, or maybe 15 years, you must start early. professor at the end of ten years, or maybe 15 years, you must start early. professor at the end of ten years, or maybe 15 years, you must start early. You You You You must have a protocol; you must learn howmust have a protocol; you must learn howmust have a protocol; you must learn howmust have a protocol; you must learn how

to do the protocol, to do the protocol, to do the protocol, to do the protocol, how to do the study, dahhow to do the study, dahhow to do the study, dahhow to do the study, dah----dahdahdahdah----dah. dah. dah. dah. You have to have a presentation. You have to have a presentation. You have to have a presentation. You have to have a presentation. By By By By suchsuchsuchsuch----andandandand----such time, that paper should be written. such time, that paper should be written. such time, that paper should be written. such time, that paper should be written. And then when you look for a And then when you look for a And then when you look for a And then when you look for a job at the job at the job at the job at the beginning or the middle of the second year, you have page three on beginning or the middle of the second year, you have page three on beginning or the middle of the second year, you have page three on beginning or the middle of the second year, you have page three on your CV to go to a your CV to go to a your CV to go to a your CV to go to a chairman or division director and say, chairman or division director and say, chairman or division director and say, chairman or division director and say, ‘‘‘‘This is what I want This is what I want This is what I want This is what I want to do. to do. to do. to do. May I join your faculty?May I join your faculty?May I join your faculty?May I join your faculty?’”’”’”’”

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ““““Then you can ask for support as a junior faculty. Then you can ask for support as a junior faculty. Then you can ask for support as a junior faculty. Then you can ask for support as a junior faculty. And And And And then from then on you can then from then on you can then from then on you can then from then on you can ————And donAnd donAnd donAnd don’’’’t write an NIH grant.t write an NIH grant.t write an NIH grant.t write an NIH grant.” ” ” ” I had what I call a I had what I call a I had what I call a I had what I call a canned talk on how to become a professor in canned talk on how to become a professor in canned talk on how to become a professor in canned talk on how to become a professor in ten years, maybe 15, maybe ten years, maybe 15, maybe ten years, maybe 15, maybe ten years, maybe 15, maybe never.never.never.never.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Doing those kind of things. Doing those kind of things. Doing those kind of things. Doing those kind of things. I started with the acronymI started with the acronymI started with the acronymI started with the acronym

CROWNS. CROWNS. CROWNS. CROWNS. This is what you have to do. This is what you have to do. This is what you have to do. This is what you have to do. Then I went through step by Then I went through step by Then I went through step by Then I went through step by stepstepstepstep

on what they wanted to do. on what they wanted to do. on what they wanted to do. on what they wanted to do. ““““This is the way you start. This is the way you start. This is the way you start. This is the way you start. Always come up with a project at the Always come up with a project at the Always come up with a project at the Always come up with a project at the beginning of your fellowship year. beginning of your fellowship year. beginning of your fellowship year. beginning of your fellowship year. Start Start Start Start your methodology. Learn your methodology by about your methodology. Learn your methodology by about your methodology. Learn your methodology by about your methodology. Learn your methodology by about September, October. September, October. September, October. September, October. Then you Then you Then you Then you go on service for maybe four months. go on service for maybe four months. go on service for maybe four months. go on service for maybe four months. Then you go back to the Then you go back to the Then you go back to the Then you go back to the library and write library and write library and write library and write a protocol and go to the lab and do the work. a protocol and go to the lab and do the work. a protocol and go to the lab and do the work. a protocol and go to the lab and do the work. Then by spring the year after, Then by spring the year after, Then by spring the year after, Then by spring the year after, you will have something to present to the regional meeting. you will have something to present to the regional meeting. you will have something to present to the regional meeting. you will have something to present to the regional meeting. By the end of your By the end of your By the end of your By the end of your second year, second year, second year, second year, you should have a paper written. you should have a paper written. you should have a paper written. you should have a paper written. You should have your page three You should have your page three You should have your page three You should have your page three CV prepared, and when CV prepared, and when CV prepared, and when CV prepared, and when you go out and look for a job, they know what you want to you go out and look for a job, they know what you want to you go out and look for a job, they know what you want to you go out and look for a job, they know what you want to do, right? do, right? do, right? do, right? They can support you They can support you They can support you They can support you with some kind of technology as chairman right with some kind of technology as chairman right with some kind of technology as chairman right with some kind of technology as chairman right here.here.here.here.” ” ” ” This doesnThis doesnThis doesnThis doesn’’’’t happen anymore, in many t happen anymore, in many t happen anymore, in many t happen anymore, in many programs. programs. programs. programs. Our program, we still Our program, we still Our program, we still Our program, we still maintain them. maintain them. maintain them. maintain them. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Padbury is very good at that. Padbury is very good at that. Padbury is very good at that. Padbury is very good at that. The fellows The fellows The fellows The fellows always have July always have July always have July always have July and August free to what we call and August free to what we call and August free to what we call and August free to what we call ““““shop around.shop around.shop around.shop around.””””

DR. GARTNER: Right. That’s interesting.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I told them I told them I told them I told them dondondondon’’’’t talk to one person. t talk to one person. t talk to one person. t talk to one person. Talk to Dr. Padbury as director, but also go Talk to Dr. Padbury as director, but also go Talk to Dr. Padbury as director, but also go Talk to Dr. Padbury as director, but also go around around around around to various to various to various to various ———— We have a lot of talent in the department. We have a lot of talent in the department. We have a lot of talent in the department. We have a lot of talent in the department. They can pick what They can pick what They can pick what They can pick what they want they want they want they want to do.to do.to do.to do.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And then decide on it, go on service, come And then decide on it, go on service, come And then decide on it, go on service, come And then decide on it, go on service, come back in November and start doing. back in November and start doing. back in November and start doing. back in November and start doing. WeWeWeWe’’’’re re re re doing it, so our fellows are okay. doing it, so our fellows are okay. doing it, so our fellows are okay. doing it, so our fellows are okay. But But But But I know that, first of all, many programs donI know that, first of all, many programs donI know that, first of all, many programs donI know that, first of all, many programs don’’’’t have t have t have t have enough people, so they have enough people, so they have enough people, so they have enough people, so they have to put them on service.to put them on service.to put them on service.to put them on service.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: And you know when youAnd you know when youAnd you know when youAnd you know when you’’’’re on service, youre on service, youre on service, youre on service, you’’’’re dead. You re dead. You re dead. You re dead. You cancancancan’’’’t do anything, right?t do anything, right?t do anything, right?t do anything, right?

DR. GARTNER: That’s a big problem. Would you go back to a two-year program?

DDDDRRRR.... OOOOHHHH:::: NNNNoooo....

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DR. GARTNER: No.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Two is too much. Two is too much. Two is too much. Two is too much. You canYou canYou canYou can’’’’t learn anything.t learn anything.t learn anything.t learn anything.

DR. GARTNER: So you’d stay with the three-year program.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Three is good. Three is good. Three is good. Three is good. It allows a little bit more time also. It allows a little bit more time also. It allows a little bit more time also. It allows a little bit more time also. The pressure will be The pressure will be The pressure will be The pressure will be less than. less than. less than. less than. Two years is very, very Two years is very, very Two years is very, very Two years is very, very ———— Of my fellows in the first 20 years that Of my fellows in the first 20 years that Of my fellows in the first 20 years that Of my fellows in the first 20 years that I have been around, 60 or I have been around, 60 or I have been around, 60 or I have been around, 60 or 70 percent are in academic medicine. 70 percent are in academic medicine. 70 percent are in academic medicine. 70 percent are in academic medicine. Several are Several are Several are Several are directors of programs. directors of programs. directors of programs. directors of programs. Almost all of them Almost all of them Almost all of them Almost all of them are full professors. are full professors. are full professors. are full professors. Not just our Not just our Not just our Not just our fellow here, but I have several from fellow here, but I have several from fellow here, but I have several from fellow here, but I have several from ————

DR. GARTNER: Harbor.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Harbor. Harbor. Harbor. Harbor. Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.

DR. GARTNER: Good. Now, let’s see. What haven’t we talked about here? Let’s talk a little bit about the future of neonatology. We’ve touched on a number of these issues, but what do you

think neonatology will really be like 50 yearsfrom now? It will be a very different period. What do you think neonatology will really involve, or care of the newborn will really involve?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Fifty years?Fifty years?Fifty years?Fifty years?

DR. GARTNER: Fifty years from now? DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s a hard question. s a hard question. s a hard question. s a hard question. DR. GARTNER: If the

world is still here.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t have a very good crystal ball.have a very good crystal ball.have a very good crystal ball.have a very good crystal ball.

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DR. GARTNER: Sometimes it’s fun to just think about what technology might bring us. For instance, do you think we’ll have artificial placentas? What would that do for newborn care?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think what will I think what will I think what will I think what will happen in the next 50 years is that someone, who will be a Nobel happen in the next 50 years is that someone, who will be a Nobel happen in the next 50 years is that someone, who will be a Nobel happen in the next 50 years is that someone, who will be a Nobel Laureate, will Laureate, will Laureate, will Laureate, will finally discover the mechanismfinally discover the mechanismfinally discover the mechanismfinally discover the mechanism

of preof preof preof pre----term babies. term babies. term babies. term babies. If that If that If that If that happens, then neonatology will go down the tubes.happens, then neonatology will go down the tubes.happens, then neonatology will go down the tubes.happens, then neonatology will go down the tubes.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Really. Really. Really. Really. You wouldnYou wouldnYou wouldnYou wouldn’’’’t t t t have any more subjects. have any more subjects. have any more subjects. have any more subjects. If you donIf you donIf you donIf you don’’’’t have patients to take care t have patients to take care t have patients to take care t have patients to take care of, your of, your of, your of, your specialty will die. specialty will die. specialty will die. specialty will die. I really think that will happen sometime. I really think that will happen sometime. I really think that will happen sometime. I really think that will happen sometime. Of course, I bet Of course, I bet Of course, I bet Of course, I bet somebody somebody somebody somebody said that 30 years ago, and it hasnsaid that 30 years ago, and it hasnsaid that 30 years ago, and it hasnsaid that 30 years ago, and it hasn’’’’t happened yet. If anything itt happened yet. If anything itt happened yet. If anything itt happened yet. If anything it’’’’s s s s going up, prematurity is going up, prematurity is going up, prematurity is going up, prematurity is going up.going up.going up.going up.

DR. GARTNER: Why has it gone up as much? This is an astonishing figure.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: There are a lot of reasons. There are a lot of reasons. There are a lot of reasons. There are a lot of reasons. One is the fact that we havenOne is the fact that we havenOne is the fact that we havenOne is the fact that we haven’’’’t really improved t really improved t really improved t really improved very much very much very much very much on the socioeconomic thing. on the socioeconomic thing. on the socioeconomic thing. on the socioeconomic thing. The socioeconomic factor plays a very The socioeconomic factor plays a very The socioeconomic factor plays a very The socioeconomic factor plays a very important role. important role. important role. important role. We have We have We have We have advances of technologyadvances of technologyadvances of technologyadvances of technology----related pregnancies. related pregnancies. related pregnancies. related pregnancies. We ended We ended We ended We ended up with many twins and triplets, who up with many twins and triplets, who up with many twins and triplets, who up with many twins and triplets, who by definition become a premature by definition become a premature by definition become a premature by definition become a premature baby.baby.baby.baby.

DR. GARTNER: You’re talking about artificial in vitro, yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The survival of very low birth The survival of very low birth The survival of very low birth The survival of very low birth weight infants is also contributing to the workload. weight infants is also contributing to the workload. weight infants is also contributing to the workload. weight infants is also contributing to the workload. If If If If wwwweeee ddddiiiiddddnnnn’’’’tttt hhhhaaaavvvveeee tttthhhheeee 22223333----,,,, 22224444----,,,, 22225555----,,,, 22226666----,,,, 22227777---- wwwweeeeeeeekkkkeeeerrrr ssssuuuurrrrvvvviiiivvvviiiinnnngggg,,,, yyyyoooouuuu wwwwoooouuuulllldddd hhhhaaaavvvveeee aaaannnn eeeemmmmppppttttyyyy uuuunnnniiiitttt....

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In fact, I In fact, I In fact, I In fact, I can usually predict what the census will be three months from now by looking at can usually predict what the census will be three months from now by looking at can usually predict what the census will be three months from now by looking at can usually predict what the census will be three months from now by looking at my my my my mix of babies in the nursery today. mix of babies in the nursery today. mix of babies in the nursery today. mix of babies in the nursery today. If you donIf you donIf you donIf you don’’’’t have many 1000 gramers, you t have many 1000 gramers, you t have many 1000 gramers, you t have many 1000 gramers, you can tell that can tell that can tell that can tell that three months from now it will be an empty nursery. three months from now it will be an empty nursery. three months from now it will be an empty nursery. three months from now it will be an empty nursery. I really think I really think I really think I really think there will be a breakthrough there will be a breakthrough there will be a breakthrough there will be a breakthrough in the mechanism of labor. in the mechanism of labor. in the mechanism of labor. in the mechanism of labor. There are a lot of There are a lot of There are a lot of There are a lot of people working on it in the basic science field. people working on it in the basic science field. people working on it in the basic science field. people working on it in the basic science field. Maybe IMaybe IMaybe IMaybe I’’’’m being overly m being overly m being overly m being overly optimistic, but if that happens, then there will be a major change in optimistic, but if that happens, then there will be a major change in optimistic, but if that happens, then there will be a major change in optimistic, but if that happens, then there will be a major change in the the the the scenario of neonatology as a specialty. scenario of neonatology as a specialty. scenario of neonatology as a specialty. scenario of neonatology as a specialty. You will require less manpower You will require less manpower You will require less manpower You will require less manpower ———— excuse excuse excuse excuse me, me, me, me,

personpersonpersonpersonpower. power. power. power. You will be dealing more with You will be dealing more with You will be dealing more with You will be dealing more with ———— particularly if someone particularly if someone particularly if someone particularly if someone discovers or finds out discovers or finds out discovers or finds out discovers or finds out about some of the etiology of congenital malformations. about some of the etiology of congenital malformations. about some of the etiology of congenital malformations. about some of the etiology of congenital malformations. Those are the two major conditions. Those are the two major conditions. Those are the two major conditions. Those are the two major conditions. If If If If you look at any CPT [Current Procedural you look at any CPT [Current Procedural you look at any CPT [Current Procedural you look at any CPT [Current Procedural Terminology] code on infancy, those are the two Terminology] code on infancy, those are the two Terminology] code on infancy, those are the two Terminology] code on infancy, those are the two majormajormajormajor

ones in ones in ones in ones in term of volume term of volume term of volume term of volume ———— prematurity and congenital malformations. prematurity and congenital malformations. prematurity and congenital malformations. prematurity and congenital malformations. If you take those If you take those If you take those If you take those two two two two

out, you will have no patients and the specialty will die. out, you will have no patients and the specialty will die. out, you will have no patients and the specialty will die. out, you will have no patients and the specialty will die. WeWeWeWe

all all all all will have to retire or do something else.will have to retire or do something else.will have to retire or do something else.will have to retire or do something else.


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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I I I I really think that will happen 50 years from now. really think that will happen 50 years from now. really think that will happen 50 years from now. really think that will happen 50 years from now. IIII

might be might be might be might be all wet, but all wet, but all wet, but all wet, but ————

DR. GARTNER: Well, I hope so. I mean, I think those are certainly needed areas of research. I guess we’ve really covered most of that.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We covered a lot of We covered a lot of We covered a lot of We covered a lot of territory.territory.territory.territory.

DR. GARTNER: I think we’ve covered most of it — talked about the economics. I would guess from what you said that you would once again choose to be a neonatologist.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: If I If I If I If I were to live my second life?were to live my second life?were to live my second life?were to live my second life?

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: Definitely. Definitely. Definitely. Definitely. No regrets. No regrets. No regrets. No regrets. And I have seen it. And I have seen it. And I have seen it. And I have seen it. The The The The specialty has changed so much over specialty has changed so much over specialty has changed so much over specialty has changed so much over

the years from a singlethe years from a singlethe years from a singlethe years from a single----person operation person operation person operation person operation neonatologist, now to, essentially, a multineonatologist, now to, essentially, a multineonatologist, now to, essentially, a multineonatologist, now to, essentially, a multi----specialty specialty specialty specialty program. program. program. program. The The The The neonatologist is the key, of course, but you have to have the nursing staff, neonatologist is the key, of course, but you have to have the nursing staff, neonatologist is the key, of course, but you have to have the nursing staff, neonatologist is the key, of course, but you have to have the nursing staff,

respiratory therapy, nutritionists, social service people, nurse practitioners, respiratory therapy, nutritionists, social service people, nurse practitioners, respiratory therapy, nutritionists, social service people, nurse practitioners, respiratory therapy, nutritionists, social service people, nurse practitioners, you name them. you name them. you name them. you name them. And then when we get into the followAnd then when we get into the followAnd then when we get into the followAnd then when we get into the follow----up program, all the up program, all the up program, all the up program, all the specialties you need to help you, specialties you need to help you, specialties you need to help you, specialties you need to help you, the geneticists. the geneticists. the geneticists. the geneticists. I always considered I always considered I always considered I always considered neonatology as a crossneonatology as a crossneonatology as a crossneonatology as a cross----sectional neonatology, you cross sectional neonatology, you cross sectional neonatology, you cross sectional neonatology, you cross

all specialties. all specialties. all specialties. all specialties. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s s s s what makes it so exciting, because unlike cardiology, which is a strictly what makes it so exciting, because unlike cardiology, which is a strictly what makes it so exciting, because unlike cardiology, which is a strictly what makes it so exciting, because unlike cardiology, which is a strictly a a a a vertical specialty vertical specialty vertical specialty vertical specialty ———— the heart, pulmonology, itthe heart, pulmonology, itthe heart, pulmonology, itthe heart, pulmonology, it’’’’s vertical s vertical s vertical s vertical ———— pediatric pediatric pediatric pediatric neonatology is all neonatology is all neonatology is all neonatology is all horizontal.horizontal.horizontal.horizontal.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You cross every specialty. You cross every specialty. You cross every specialty. You cross every specialty. And without a And without a And without a And without a team, you cannot survive. team, you cannot survive. team, you cannot survive. team, you cannot survive. The oneThe oneThe oneThe one----man man man man type of operation in the old days, when type of operation in the old days, when type of operation in the old days, when type of operation in the old days, when the neonatologist did everything, is long gone. the neonatologist did everything, is long gone. the neonatologist did everything, is long gone. the neonatologist did everything, is long gone. I mean, I mean, I mean, I mean,

you have to have a you have to have a you have to have a you have to have a whole team working with you. Otherwise, you cannot be successful.whole team working with you. Otherwise, you cannot be successful.whole team working with you. Otherwise, you cannot be successful.whole team working with you. Otherwise, you cannot be successful.

DR. GARTNER: That’s absolutely true.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I mean, look around at most of the highI mean, look around at most of the highI mean, look around at most of the highI mean, look around at most of the high----quality programs. quality programs. quality programs. quality programs. They all have They all have They all have They all have multimultimultimulti----specialty involvement. specialty involvement. specialty involvement. specialty involvement. Makes the quality care so good.Makes the quality care so good.Makes the quality care so good.Makes the quality care so good.

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DR. GARTNER: We talked a little bit about the follow-up and the outcome issues, which to me are very important in terms of quality of outcome of these babies who we invest so much in, and the families invest so much. Do you think there is anything, either that we can do now, or that we should be doing in the future to improve the long-term outcome, particularly the neurologic?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think there are a I think there are a I think there are a I think there are a lot of things we can do. lot of things we can do. lot of things we can do. lot of things we can do. Some of us donSome of us donSome of us donSome of us don’’’’t do them. t do them. t do them. t do them. ItItItIt’’’’s not enough s not enough s not enough s not enough to just do to just do to just do to just do a followa followa followa follow----up for evaluation. You need to bring the intervention people in to try up for evaluation. You need to bring the intervention people in to try up for evaluation. You need to bring the intervention people in to try up for evaluation. You need to bring the intervention people in to try to to to to rehab [rehabilitate] these kids. rehab [rehabilitate] these kids. rehab [rehabilitate] these kids. rehab [rehabilitate] these kids. Otherwise, just evaluating every year, so Otherwise, just evaluating every year, so Otherwise, just evaluating every year, so Otherwise, just evaluating every year, so what? what? what? what? These kids These kids These kids These kids are going to have CP [cerebral palsy]. are going to have CP [cerebral palsy]. are going to have CP [cerebral palsy]. are going to have CP [cerebral palsy]. And to make them be And to make them be And to make them be And to make them be productive members of society, productive members of society, productive members of society, productive members of society, you must help them by bringing in the you must help them by bringing in the you must help them by bringing in the you must help them by bringing in the intervention people. intervention people. intervention people. intervention people. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s what I meant by being a s what I meant by being a s what I meant by being a s what I meant by being a multimultimultimulti----specialty specialty specialty specialty discipline.discipline.discipline.discipline.

DR. GARTNER: Right, but you’re saying in follow-up, they need to rehab post-discharge?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: You know, OT [occupational therapy], PT [physical therapy], otologists, You know, OT [occupational therapy], PT [physical therapy], otologists, You know, OT [occupational therapy], PT [physical therapy], otologists, You know, OT [occupational therapy], PT [physical therapy], otologists, audiologists. audiologists. audiologists. audiologists. All the people should pitch in in order to help these kids. All the people should pitch in in order to help these kids. All the people should pitch in in order to help these kids. All the people should pitch in in order to help these kids. Otherwise thereOtherwise thereOtherwise thereOtherwise there’’’’s no s no s no s no point in having a followpoint in having a followpoint in having a followpoint in having a follow----up program. This is how we up program. This is how we up program. This is how we up program. This is how we evolved. In the beginning, the first evolved. In the beginning, the first evolved. In the beginning, the first evolved. In the beginning, the first faculty I recruited was the nurse, faculty I recruited was the nurse, faculty I recruited was the nurse, faculty I recruited was the nurse, right?right?right?right?

DR. GARTNER: Mm-hm.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The second faculty I recruited was the followThe second faculty I recruited was the followThe second faculty I recruited was the followThe second faculty I recruited was the follow----up person.up person.up person.up person.

DR. GARTNER: I see.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Betty [R.] Vohr, whoBetty [R.] Vohr, whoBetty [R.] Vohr, whoBetty [R.] Vohr, who’’’’s s s s now very well known internationally.now very well known internationally.now very well known internationally.now very well known internationally.

DR. GARTNER: And wonderful work.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: She was the first faculty I She was the first faculty I She was the first faculty I She was the first faculty I recruited, other than the four fellows. recruited, other than the four fellows. recruited, other than the four fellows. recruited, other than the four fellows. In fact, when I went In fact, when I went In fact, when I went In fact, when I went to the to the to the to the administrator, I said, administrator, I said, administrator, I said, administrator, I said, ““““I want a faculty recruited.I want a faculty recruited.I want a faculty recruited.I want a faculty recruited.” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““What kind of What kind of What kind of What kind of faculty do you faculty do you faculty do you faculty do you want, another neonatologist?want, another neonatologist?want, another neonatologist?want, another neonatologist?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““No, no. No, no. No, no. No, no. My fellows work My fellows work My fellows work My fellows work with me is fine. with me is fine. with me is fine. with me is fine. I want a I want a I want a I want a pediatrician who can do followpediatrician who can do followpediatrician who can do followpediatrician who can do follow----up.up.up.up.” ” ” ” He looked at me He looked at me He looked at me He looked at me and said, and said, and said, and said, ““““FollowFollowFollowFollow----up? You just started.up? You just started.up? You just started.up? You just started.” ” ” ” And I said, And I said, And I said, And I said, ““““Tom [Thomas Parris, Jr.], Tom [Thomas Parris, Jr.], Tom [Thomas Parris, Jr.], Tom [Thomas Parris, Jr.], thatthatthatthat’’’’s the point. Yous the point. Yous the point. Yous the point. You’’’’ve got to start in the beginning, to ve got to start in the beginning, to ve got to start in the beginning, to ve got to start in the beginning, to start evaluating and start evaluating and start evaluating and start evaluating and keep statistics, et cetera, and then gradually build the program.keep statistics, et cetera, and then gradually build the program.keep statistics, et cetera, and then gradually build the program.keep statistics, et cetera, and then gradually build the program.” ” ” ” Now her Now her Now her Now her department is bigger than our unit. department is bigger than our unit. department is bigger than our unit. department is bigger than our unit. ItItItIt’’’’s huge. s huge. s huge. s huge. ThereThereThereThere’’’’s everything in there, s everything in there, s everything in there, s everything in there, including the including the including the including the intervention people with OT, PT and the rehab.intervention people with OT, PT and the rehab.intervention people with OT, PT and the rehab.intervention people with OT, PT and the rehab.

DR. GARTNER: Has that evolved —

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Over Over Over Over time.time.time.time.

DR. GARTNER: — as a group that focused on the post-neonatal intensive care baby?

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Oh, you mean the critical care and all the other people?Oh, you mean the critical care and all the other people?Oh, you mean the critical care and all the other people?Oh, you mean the critical care and all the other people?

DR. GARTNER: No, post-neonatal intensive care. In other words, are these rehab people specifically trained and spending the majority of their time doing care of the post-neonatal?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Some of them actually Some of them actually Some of them actually Some of them actually started in the NICU. started in the NICU. started in the NICU. started in the NICU. We have the OT and the PT starting in the We have the OT and the PT starting in the We have the OT and the PT starting in the We have the OT and the PT starting in the NICU, and then NICU, and then NICU, and then NICU, and then following them through after they get discharged. following them through after they get discharged. following them through after they get discharged. following them through after they get discharged. And that, I think, is very, And that, I think, is very, And that, I think, is very, And that, I think, is very, very important. Otherwise therevery important. Otherwise therevery important. Otherwise therevery important. Otherwise there’’’’s no point in evaluating. s no point in evaluating. s no point in evaluating. s no point in evaluating. YouYouYouYou’’’’ve got to have ve got to have ve got to have ve got to have some kind of some kind of some kind of some kind of iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrvvvveeeennnnttttiiiioooonnnn ttttoooo hhhheeeellllpppp tttthhhheeeemmmm iiiimmmmpppprrrroooovvvveeee....

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DR. GARTNER: Exactly. How many places in the country do you think have specialized programs of rehab like that?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Quite a few. Quite a few. Quite a few. Quite a few. There are quite a few. There are quite a few. There are quite a few. There are quite a few. I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to name just a few and then neglect t want to name just a few and then neglect t want to name just a few and then neglect t want to name just a few and then neglect the the the the others.others.others.others.

DR. GARTNER: No, no, but there are others.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: WeWeWeWe’’’’re not the only place that has re not the only place that has re not the only place that has re not the only place that has it.it.it.it.

DR. GARTNER: Is that something that’s developing now and will develop more in the future?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think I think I think I think thatthatthatthat’’’’s something that should be encouraged. Unless somebody discovers how s something that should be encouraged. Unless somebody discovers how s something that should be encouraged. Unless somebody discovers how s something that should be encouraged. Unless somebody discovers how to to to to prevent preprevent preprevent preprevent pre----term labor, weterm labor, weterm labor, weterm labor, we’’’’re going to need this, especially with all these re going to need this, especially with all these re going to need this, especially with all these re going to need this, especially with all these anomalies and anomalies and anomalies and anomalies and the 24the 24the 24the 24----, , , , 25252525----weekers surviving. weekers surviving. weekers surviving. weekers surviving. Rehab needs to be done for these Rehab needs to be done for these Rehab needs to be done for these Rehab needs to be done for these kids. kids. kids. kids. Otherwise, theyOtherwise, theyOtherwise, theyOtherwise, they’’’’re re re re going to be forever compromised kids, a real burden to going to be forever compromised kids, a real burden to going to be forever compromised kids, a real burden to going to be forever compromised kids, a real burden to the parents, and the family and the parents, and the family and the parents, and the family and the parents, and the family and society. society. society. society. We pay a lot of money for We pay a lot of money for We pay a lot of money for We pay a lot of money for this.this.this.this.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, yes. It’s a huge burden.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And we need to make them productive. And we need to make them productive. And we need to make them productive. And we need to make them productive. So I So I So I So I reallyreallyreallyreally

think that area is so critical. think that area is so critical. think that area is so critical. think that area is so critical. In fact, they should In fact, they should In fact, they should In fact, they should form some kind of society to do that, to form some kind of society to do that, to form some kind of society to do that, to form some kind of society to do that, to coordinate the efforts in terms of coordinate the efforts in terms of coordinate the efforts in terms of coordinate the efforts in terms of research. research. research. research. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s whats whats whats what’’’’s missing.s missing.s missing.s missing.

DR. GARTNER: That’s a good point. It’s very important.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: We have all We have all We have all We have all these programs in the SPR, the Pediatric Society, I these programs in the SPR, the Pediatric Society, I these programs in the SPR, the Pediatric Society, I these programs in the SPR, the Pediatric Society, I mean, all these mean, all these mean, all these mean, all these specialties, the followspecialties, the followspecialties, the followspecialties, the follow----up sessions and all that, but itup sessions and all that, but itup sessions and all that, but itup sessions and all that, but it’’’’s not coordinated. s not coordinated. s not coordinated. s not coordinated. We We We We need to have a need to have a need to have a need to have a society or whatever you want to call it, a society or whatever you want to call it, a society or whatever you want to call it, a society or whatever you want to call it, a ““““Rehab Society of Rehab Society of Rehab Society of Rehab Society of PostPostPostPost----Neonatal and Rehab Neonatal and Rehab Neonatal and Rehab Neonatal and Rehab Medicine,Medicine,Medicine,Medicine,” ” ” ” something like that, that will include the something like that, that will include the something like that, that will include the something like that, that will include the neonatologist and the pediatrician, theneonatologist and the pediatrician, theneonatologist and the pediatrician, theneonatologist and the pediatrician, the

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psychometrist, psychologist, OT, PT, et cetera, so you would have a psychometrist, psychologist, OT, PT, et cetera, so you would have a psychometrist, psychologist, OT, PT, et cetera, so you would have a psychometrist, psychologist, OT, PT, et cetera, so you would have a coordinated meeting for coordinated meeting for coordinated meeting for coordinated meeting for the advancement of the science and improved the advancement of the science and improved the advancement of the science and improved the advancement of the science and improved care.care.care.care.

DR. GARTNER: I had another aspect of outcome of having the baby in the neonatal ICU, whether

it’s a preemie or a sick baby. That is the psychological effect or psychiatric effect on the family, the burden psychologically on the family of having a baby like that.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: That should be part of it.That should be part of it.That should be part of it.That should be part of it.

DR. GARTNER: We didn’t talk about that, and I just wonder how you see that.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: ItItItIt’’’’s very important to have that. s very important to have that. s very important to have that. s very important to have that. For instance, in our For instance, in our For instance, in our For instance, in our place we regularly hold what we place we regularly hold what we place we regularly hold what we place we regularly hold what we call a psychosocial meeting at which we have a call a psychosocial meeting at which we have a call a psychosocial meeting at which we have a call a psychosocial meeting at which we have a social worker, OT, PT, a psychologist, social worker, OT, PT, a psychologist, social worker, OT, PT, a psychologist, social worker, OT, PT, a psychologist, everybody in there. everybody in there. everybody in there. everybody in there. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s when the s when the s when the s when the resident presents a case, and then as a group, we talk resident presents a case, and then as a group, we talk resident presents a case, and then as a group, we talk resident presents a case, and then as a group, we talk about the impact of this about the impact of this about the impact of this about the impact of this kid on the family. kid on the family. kid on the family. kid on the family. A lot of it is social, but a lot of it is psychiatric, A lot of it is social, but a lot of it is psychiatric, A lot of it is social, but a lot of it is psychiatric, A lot of it is social, but a lot of it is psychiatric, also. also. also. also. ItItItIt’’’’s important to have that kind of session.s important to have that kind of session.s important to have that kind of session.s important to have that kind of session.

DR. GARTNER: I have the impression, and I don’t know whether you have this impression, that families, after they have an intensive care baby, often have a very difficult time, and that divorce

and separation is big.

DDDDRRRR.... OOOOHHHH:::: TTTThhhhaaaatttt’’’’ssss bbbbeeeeeeeennnn ddddooooccccuuuummmmeeeennnntttteeeedddd....

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DR. GARTNER: I mean, that’s been noted.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: There are a couple of papers There are a couple of papers There are a couple of papers There are a couple of papers on that. on that. on that. on that. In fact, one of them was Betty VohrIn fact, one of them was Betty VohrIn fact, one of them was Betty VohrIn fact, one of them was Betty Vohr’’’’s s s s manuscript. manuscript. manuscript. manuscript. I donI donI donI don’’’’t remember t remember t remember t remember when it was published, but she had a paper on that. when it was published, but she had a paper on that. when it was published, but she had a paper on that. when it was published, but she had a paper on that. In fact, it In fact, it In fact, it In fact, it was presented was presented was presented was presented by one of the fellows four or five years ago in the [APS [American Pediatric by one of the fellows four or five years ago in the [APS [American Pediatric by one of the fellows four or five years ago in the [APS [American Pediatric by one of the fellows four or five years ago in the [APS [American Pediatric Society] meeting.Society] meeting.Society] meeting.Society] meeting.

DR. GARTNER: I think I heard it, right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: The impact of NICU babies on the The impact of NICU babies on the The impact of NICU babies on the The impact of NICU babies on the psychosocial outcome of the family. psychosocial outcome of the family. psychosocial outcome of the family. psychosocial outcome of the family. A lot of A lot of A lot of A lot of divorces, a lot of separations and divorces, a lot of separations and divorces, a lot of separations and divorces, a lot of separations and psychiatric illness, et cetera.psychiatric illness, et cetera.psychiatric illness, et cetera.psychiatric illness, et cetera.

DR. GARTNER: What should we be doing about that? Is there anything we

can do?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Well, you Well, you Well, you Well, you become a part of this society Ibecome a part of this society Ibecome a part of this society Ibecome a part of this society I’’’’m talking about so that there is a focus on m talking about so that there is a focus on m talking about so that there is a focus on m talking about so that there is a focus on the the the the research in that area. research in that area. research in that area. research in that area. Identify what some of the risk factors are that created Identify what some of the risk factors are that created Identify what some of the risk factors are that created Identify what some of the risk factors are that created the situation. the situation. the situation. the situation. Not everyone.Not everyone.Not everyone.Not everyone.

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DR. GARTNER: No, no, not at all.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThereThereThereThere’’’’s a certain s a certain s a certain s a certain risk factor.risk factor.risk factor.risk factor.

DR. GARTNER: It certainly increases.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Somebody needs to make some kind of Somebody needs to make some kind of Somebody needs to make some kind of Somebody needs to make some kind of observational study to document the observational study to document the observational study to document the observational study to document the association, and then try to provide or association, and then try to provide or association, and then try to provide or association, and then try to provide or produce a randomized controlled trial to see if some produce a randomized controlled trial to see if some produce a randomized controlled trial to see if some produce a randomized controlled trial to see if some kind of intervention would kind of intervention would kind of intervention would kind of intervention would reduce the incidence or not. reduce the incidence or not. reduce the incidence or not. reduce the incidence or not. It can be done.It can be done.It can be done.It can be done.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. Well, I think it can be and it should be done, becauseI think that’s an area that hasn’t had enough attention.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Neonatologists are too busy taking care of the sick kids in the NICU.Neonatologists are too busy taking care of the sick kids in the NICU.Neonatologists are too busy taking care of the sick kids in the NICU.Neonatologists are too busy taking care of the sick kids in the NICU.

DR. GARTNER: It’s a “soft” area.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. It will happen eventually. It will happen eventually. It will happen eventually. It will happen eventually. Somebody will get the idea and run with Somebody will get the idea and run with Somebody will get the idea and run with Somebody will get the idea and run with it.it.it.it.

DR. GARTNER: Is there anything else we haven’t covered that you would like to add or that I missed?

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I didnI didnI didnI didn’’’’t realize that we would cover so much today.t realize that we would cover so much today.t realize that we would cover so much today.t realize that we would cover so much today.

DR. GARTNER: We covered a lot, a lot. DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Including my life story. Including my life story. Including my life story. Including my life story. DR. GARTNER: [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I I I I have to do some heavy editing. have to do some heavy editing. have to do some heavy editing. have to do some heavy editing. [Laughter][Laughter][Laughter][Laughter]

DR. GARTNER: Well, first let me thank you very much for this really wonderful discussion and presentation.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Thank Thank Thank Thank youyouyouyou....

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DR. GARTNER: I’ve enjoyed it.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I started from the top saying that I feel very honored to have I started from the top saying that I feel very honored to have I started from the top saying that I feel very honored to have I started from the top saying that I feel very honored to have this. this. this. this. You know, that You know, that You know, that You know, that phone call that you made that Sunday really made my phone call that you made that Sunday really made my phone call that you made that Sunday really made my phone call that you made that Sunday really made my day.day.day.day.

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DR. GARTNER: Good. I’m glad.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: It felt so good.It felt so good.It felt so good.It felt so good.

DR. GARTNER: It made it for me, too, because I enjoy this, and I’ve enjoyed spending time with you.

[Recording Interruption]DR. GARTNER: Okay, we are resuming the oral history, and we realized, Bill, that we didn’t talk about your years as chairman of the department of pediatrics, and we should fill in those important 15 years, so tell us about that experience.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Boy, that was a fateful day. Boy, that was a fateful day. Boy, that was a fateful day. Boy, that was a fateful day. On a Wednesday morning, I remember it was On a Wednesday morning, I remember it was On a Wednesday morning, I remember it was On a Wednesday morning, I remember it was May 17, May 17, May 17, May 17, 1989 1989 1989 1989 ———— I may be off a day or two I may be off a day or two I may be off a day or two I may be off a day or two ———— 1989, we were in the middle of a 1989, we were in the middle of a 1989, we were in the middle of a 1989, we were in the middle of a perinatal conference perinatal conference perinatal conference perinatal conference when my secretary ran in, in tears. when my secretary ran in, in tears. when my secretary ran in, in tears. when my secretary ran in, in tears. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““WhatWhatWhatWhat’’’’s the s the s the s the matter?matter?matter?matter?” ” ” ” They never interrupted our They never interrupted our They never interrupted our They never interrupted our conference. She was really puffing, and she conference. She was really puffing, and she conference. She was really puffing, and she conference. She was really puffing, and she said, said, said, said, ““““Dr. [Leo] Stern just passed away.Dr. [Leo] Stern just passed away.Dr. [Leo] Stern just passed away.Dr. [Leo] Stern just passed away.” ” ” ” And I And I And I And I said, said, said, said, ““““What are you talking What are you talking What are you talking What are you talking about, Mary [Tucker]?about, Mary [Tucker]?about, Mary [Tucker]?about, Mary [Tucker]?” ” ” ” She said, She said, She said, She said, ““““He just passed away. He just passed away. He just passed away. He just passed away. He He He He committed suicide,committed suicide,committed suicide,committed suicide,” ” ” ” and she continued to cry.and she continued to cry.and she continued to cry.and she continued to cry.

Anyway, so that was a very fateful Anyway, so that was a very fateful Anyway, so that was a very fateful Anyway, so that was a very fateful morning, definitely. morning, definitely. morning, definitely. morning, definitely. Every time I talk about it, I still get Every time I talk about it, I still get Every time I talk about it, I still get Every time I talk about it, I still get chest pain. chest pain. chest pain. chest pain. I I I I told you that. told you that. told you that. told you that. So the whole department was in tears. So the whole department was in tears. So the whole department was in tears. So the whole department was in tears. Everybody knew within 24 Everybody knew within 24 Everybody knew within 24 Everybody knew within 24 hours, around the country, that this bad news occurred. hours, around the country, that this bad news occurred. hours, around the country, that this bad news occurred. hours, around the country, that this bad news occurred. That was a Wednesday. That was a Wednesday. That was a Wednesday. That was a Wednesday. Friday, right Friday, right Friday, right Friday, right after the funeral, the CEO [chief executive officer] of the after the funeral, the CEO [chief executive officer] of the after the funeral, the CEO [chief executive officer] of the after the funeral, the CEO [chief executive officer] of the hospital and the chairman of the hospital and the chairman of the hospital and the chairman of the hospital and the chairman of the boardboardboardboard

of trustees came to my of trustees came to my of trustees came to my of trustees came to my office and said, office and said, office and said, office and said, ““““A couple of your senior faculty members felt that A couple of your senior faculty members felt that A couple of your senior faculty members felt that A couple of your senior faculty members felt that theretheretherethere’’’’s no s no s no s no way we can go out and recruit somebody good to come here, because the news is way we can go out and recruit somebody good to come here, because the news is way we can go out and recruit somebody good to come here, because the news is way we can go out and recruit somebody good to come here, because the news is all over the world.all over the world.all over the world.all over the world.” ” ” ” Leo was a very wellLeo was a very wellLeo was a very wellLeo was a very well---- known person.known person.known person.known person.

DR. GARTNER: He certainly was.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And they said, And they said, And they said, And they said, ““““Your people think you should take over.Your people think you should take over.Your people think you should take over.Your people think you should take over.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to be t want to be t want to be t want to be chairman. chairman. chairman. chairman. I am very happy doing whatI am very happy doing whatI am very happy doing whatI am very happy doing what

IIII’’’’m doing here.m doing here.m doing here.m doing here.” ” ” ” In fact, I went In fact, I went In fact, I went In fact, I went over to my filing cabinet. over to my filing cabinet. over to my filing cabinet. over to my filing cabinet. I opened the filing cabinet, and under I opened the filing cabinet, and under I opened the filing cabinet, and under I opened the filing cabinet, and under ““““CCCC” ” ” ” it said, it said, it said, it said, ““““CV for chair,CV for chair,CV for chair,CV for chair,” ” ” ” because I had a lot of letters that came to me. because I had a lot of letters that came to me. because I had a lot of letters that came to me. because I had a lot of letters that came to me. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Look Look Look Look at this at this at this at this file. file. file. file. Over the past year people have asked me to be chairman. Over the past year people have asked me to be chairman. Over the past year people have asked me to be chairman. Over the past year people have asked me to be chairman. There There There There are many places in the are many places in the are many places in the are many places in the country. country. country. country. IIII’’’’ve never sent my CV, because I donve never sent my CV, because I donve never sent my CV, because I donve never sent my CV, because I don’’’’t want to t want to t want to t want to be chairman. be chairman. be chairman. be chairman. I am very happy doing I am very happy doing I am very happy doing I am very happy doing what Iwhat Iwhat Iwhat I’’’’m doing. m doing. m doing. m doing. I take care of babies.I take care of babies.I take care of babies.I take care of babies.” ” ” ” And they went on and on, trying to convince me. And they went on and on, trying to convince me. And they went on and on, trying to convince me. And they went on and on, trying to convince me. The The The The chairman of the board of chairman of the board of chairman of the board of chairman of the board of trustees finally said something that to me was very, very realistic, I trustees finally said something that to me was very, very realistic, I trustees finally said something that to me was very, very realistic, I trustees finally said something that to me was very, very realistic, I thought. thought. thought. thought. He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““Bill, I understand your feeling. Bill, I understand your feeling. Bill, I understand your feeling. Bill, I understand your feeling. I understand why you donI understand why you donI understand why you donI understand why you don’’’’t want to t want to t want to t want to do this. do this. do this. do this. But think of it this way, if you donBut think of it this way, if you donBut think of it this way, if you donBut think of it this way, if you don’’’’t do it and this department of t do it and this department of t do it and this department of t do it and this department of pediatrics goes down the pediatrics goes down the pediatrics goes down the pediatrics goes down the tubes,tubes,tubes,tubes,

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guess what guess what guess what guess what will happen to your division of neonatology.will happen to your division of neonatology.will happen to your division of neonatology.will happen to your division of neonatology.” ” ” ” It just dawned on me, you know, It just dawned on me, you know, It just dawned on me, you know, It just dawned on me, you know, this this this this guy is right. guy is right. guy is right. guy is right. If the department of pediatrics goes down the tubes, thereIf the department of pediatrics goes down the tubes, thereIf the department of pediatrics goes down the tubes, thereIf the department of pediatrics goes down the tubes, there’’’’s s s s no way you can have no way you can have no way you can have no way you can have a neonatology division. a neonatology division. a neonatology division. a neonatology division. The training program will go away. The training program will go away. The training program will go away. The training program will go away. So I said So I said So I said So I said ““““Well, I guess youWell, I guess youWell, I guess youWell, I guess you’’’’re re re re right. right. right. right. Maybe I should think about it over the Maybe I should think about it over the Maybe I should think about it over the Maybe I should think about it over the weekend. weekend. weekend. weekend. IIII’’’’ll go talk to my wife and think about ll go talk to my wife and think about ll go talk to my wife and think about ll go talk to my wife and think about

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it, and Iit, and Iit, and Iit, and I’’’’ll get back to you ll get back to you ll get back to you ll get back to you Monday.Monday.Monday.Monday.” ” ” ” So I came home and told Mary. So I came home and told Mary. So I came home and told Mary. So I came home and told Mary. Mary said, Mary said, Mary said, Mary said, ““““You know, You know, You know, You know, hehehehe’’’’s right. s right. s right. s right. And And And And I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to move. t want to move. t want to move. t want to move. I love it here. I love it here. I love it here. I love it here. I donI donI donI don’’’’t want to move anywhere, and I t want to move anywhere, and I t want to move anywhere, and I t want to move anywhere, and I dondondondon’’’’t t t t want you to lose your job.want you to lose your job.want you to lose your job.want you to lose your job.” ” ” ” So I went back Monday, and I went to the So I went back Monday, and I went to the So I went back Monday, and I went to the So I went back Monday, and I went to the chairman of the board, a chairman of the board, a chairman of the board, a chairman of the board, a very close friend of mine, and I said, very close friend of mine, and I said, very close friend of mine, and I said, very close friend of mine, and I said, ““““Lou [Louis A. Lou [Louis A. Lou [Louis A. Lou [Louis A. Fazzano], I guess youFazzano], I guess youFazzano], I guess youFazzano], I guess you’’’’re right. re right. re right. re right. IIII

have to do it. have to do it. have to do it. have to do it. If I donIf I donIf I donIf I don’’’’t t t t do it, theydo it, theydo it, theydo it, they’’’’re right, this department probably will not survive, because re right, this department probably will not survive, because re right, this department probably will not survive, because re right, this department probably will not survive, because the the the the news is so bad.news is so bad.news is so bad.news is so bad.” ” ” ” And the department was in deepAnd the department was in deepAnd the department was in deepAnd the department was in deep

trouble at trouble at trouble at trouble at that point in time. that point in time. that point in time. that point in time. One of the reasons that Leo was in crisis was that the One of the reasons that Leo was in crisis was that the One of the reasons that Leo was in crisis was that the One of the reasons that Leo was in crisis was that the budget was budget was budget was budget was something like $1 million in the red. something like $1 million in the red. something like $1 million in the red. something like $1 million in the red. In those days, the budget only In those days, the budget only In those days, the budget only In those days, the budget only involved $4 or 5 million. involved $4 or 5 million. involved $4 or 5 million. involved $4 or 5 million. Apparently they wanted him to fire his faculty Apparently they wanted him to fire his faculty Apparently they wanted him to fire his faculty Apparently they wanted him to fire his faculty members, and he refused to do it. members, and he refused to do it. members, and he refused to do it. members, and he refused to do it. HeHeHeHe’’’’s very s very s very s very loyal. loyal. loyal. loyal. He was loyal to his He was loyal to his He was loyal to his He was loyal to his faculty.faculty.faculty.faculty.

DR. GARTNER: Yes.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So I said, So I said, So I said, So I said, ““““IIII’’’’ll do it.ll do it.ll do it.ll do it.” ” ” ” Then he said, Then he said, Then he said, Then he said, ““““What do you need?What do you need?What do you need?What do you need?” ” ” ” IIII’’’’d already d already d already d already thought about it thought about it thought about it thought about it over the weekend. over the weekend. over the weekend. over the weekend. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““You know, Lou, you know what I You know, Lou, you know what I You know, Lou, you know what I You know, Lou, you know what I need? need? need? need? We need a new hospital.We need a new hospital.We need a new hospital.We need a new hospital.” ” ” ” And he looked at me. He said, And he looked at me. He said, And he looked at me. He said, And he looked at me. He said, ““““YouYouYouYou’’’’re asking me re asking me re asking me re asking me to write a $50 million check for you?to write a $50 million check for you?to write a $50 million check for you?to write a $50 million check for you?” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““YouYouYouYou’’’’re damn right. re damn right. re damn right. re damn right. But you But you But you But you will get it all back in due time.will get it all back in due time.will get it all back in due time.will get it all back in due time.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““To build a new program, To build a new program, To build a new program, To build a new program, you need a you need a you need a you need a facility. facility. facility. facility. ItItItIt’’’’s like, to catch mice you need to get a good mousetrap to attract s like, to catch mice you need to get a good mousetrap to attract s like, to catch mice you need to get a good mousetrap to attract s like, to catch mice you need to get a good mousetrap to attract all all all all these people to come here. these people to come here. these people to come here. these people to come here. When I make rounds here When I make rounds here When I make rounds here When I make rounds here ————” ” ” ” Remember I told you Remember I told you Remember I told you Remember I told you earlier that earlier that earlier that earlier that even when I was in neonatology, I always made it a point of doing even when I was in neonatology, I always made it a point of doing even when I was in neonatology, I always made it a point of doing even when I was in neonatology, I always made it a point of doing two weeks watch service?two weeks watch service?two weeks watch service?two weeks watch service?

DR. GARTNER: Mm-hm.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: I had firstI had firstI had firstI had first----hand experience of having a mom come in with hand experience of having a mom come in with hand experience of having a mom come in with hand experience of having a mom come in with a kid with appendicitis. a kid with appendicitis. a kid with appendicitis. a kid with appendicitis. The surgery was done. The surgery was done. The surgery was done. The surgery was done. The next day, they wanted to go The next day, they wanted to go The next day, they wanted to go The next day, they wanted to go home, because the place is a dump, home, because the place is a dump, home, because the place is a dump, home, because the place is a dump, very unfriendly. The hospital is 1942 very unfriendly. The hospital is 1942 very unfriendly. The hospital is 1942 very unfriendly. The hospital is 1942 vintage, with eightvintage, with eightvintage, with eightvintage, with eight---- to tento tento tento ten----bed wards, no conference bed wards, no conference bed wards, no conference bed wards, no conference room, one bathroom per room, one bathroom per room, one bathroom per room, one bathroom per floor. Terrible.floor. Terrible.floor. Terrible.floor. Terrible.

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: He looked at me and said, He looked at me and said, He looked at me and said, He looked at me and said, ““““Well, okay. Well, okay. Well, okay. Well, okay. IIII’’’’ll do it for ll do it for ll do it for ll do it for you.you.you.you.””””

DR. GARTNER: Hmm!

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DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: And he said, And he said, And he said, And he said, ““““I will chair the fundI will chair the fundI will chair the fundI will chair the fund----raising committee.raising committee.raising committee.raising committee.” ” ” ” And he did.And he did.And he did.And he did.

DR. GARTNER: He raised the money.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: He raised the money. He raised the money. He raised the money. He raised the money. He went to Alan [G.] Hassenfeld, He went to Alan [G.] Hassenfeld, He went to Alan [G.] Hassenfeld, He went to Alan [G.] Hassenfeld, who was the chairman or the who was the chairman or the who was the chairman or the who was the chairman or the owner of Hasbro, the toy company, and got I donowner of Hasbro, the toy company, and got I donowner of Hasbro, the toy company, and got I donowner of Hasbro, the toy company, and got I don’’’’t t t t know how many millions. know how many millions. know how many millions. know how many millions. And they named And they named And they named And they named the hospital Hasbro Childrenthe hospital Hasbro Childrenthe hospital Hasbro Childrenthe hospital Hasbro Children’’’’s Hospital s Hospital s Hospital s Hospital [The Pediatric Division of Rhode Island Hospital].[The Pediatric Division of Rhode Island Hospital].[The Pediatric Division of Rhode Island Hospital].[The Pediatric Division of Rhode Island Hospital].

ThatThatThatThat’’’’s how s how s how s how it started. it started. it started. it started. That was 1989, and the hospital opened in 1994. That was 1989, and the hospital opened in 1994. That was 1989, and the hospital opened in 1994. That was 1989, and the hospital opened in 1994. Since then the Since then the Since then the Since then the program just took off. program just took off. program just took off. program just took off. At the time I left in 2003, 14 years later, we had gone At the time I left in 2003, 14 years later, we had gone At the time I left in 2003, 14 years later, we had gone At the time I left in 2003, 14 years later, we had gone from a residency from a residency from a residency from a residency program of six per year to a total of 72 residents, with Triple program of six per year to a total of 72 residents, with Triple program of six per year to a total of 72 residents, with Triple program of six per year to a total of 72 residents, with Triple Board [Residency Training Board [Residency Training Board [Residency Training Board [Residency Training Program (includes pediatrics, adult psychiatry and Program (includes pediatrics, adult psychiatry and Program (includes pediatrics, adult psychiatry and Program (includes pediatrics, adult psychiatry and child psychiatry)], with Med/Peds [Medical child psychiatry)], with Med/Peds [Medical child psychiatry)], with Med/Peds [Medical child psychiatry)], with Med/Peds [Medical Pediatrics]. Pediatrics]. Pediatrics]. Pediatrics]. ItItItIt

was was was was very attractive. very attractive. very attractive. very attractive. Every year we filled 100 percent, all U.S. graduates. Every year we filled 100 percent, all U.S. graduates. Every year we filled 100 percent, all U.S. graduates. Every year we filled 100 percent, all U.S. graduates. IIII

was very proud of the program.was very proud of the program.was very proud of the program.was very proud of the program.

DR. GARTNER: Very good.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I think the 14 years that I I think the 14 years that I I think the 14 years that I I think the 14 years that I served as chair took at least ten years of my lifetime. served as chair took at least ten years of my lifetime. served as chair took at least ten years of my lifetime. served as chair took at least ten years of my lifetime. It It It It was very stressful. was very stressful. was very stressful. was very stressful. I tell you, toward the end of my 13, 14 years, I finally had a lot of trouble. I tell you, toward the end of my 13, 14 years, I finally had a lot of trouble. I tell you, toward the end of my 13, 14 years, I finally had a lot of trouble. I tell you, toward the end of my 13, 14 years, I finally had a lot of trouble. I mean, not hospital trouble, but I had developed severe hypertension. I mean, not hospital trouble, but I had developed severe hypertension. I mean, not hospital trouble, but I had developed severe hypertension. I mean, not hospital trouble, but I had developed severe hypertension. I I I I started having started having started having started having diabetes, and I couldndiabetes, and I couldndiabetes, and I couldndiabetes, and I couldn’’’’t sleep at night. In the middle of the t sleep at night. In the middle of the t sleep at night. In the middle of the t sleep at night. In the middle of the night, Inight, Inight, Inight, I’’’’d wake up and Id wake up and Id wake up and Id wake up and I’’’’d think how d think how d think how d think how to pay for this, how to pay for that, how to pay for this, how to pay for that, how to pay for this, how to pay for that, how to pay for this, how to pay for that, how to do this, how to do that. to do this, how to do that. to do this, how to do that. to do this, how to do that. And then my blood And then my blood And then my blood And then my blood pressure was, like, 180, 200 over pressure was, like, 180, 200 over pressure was, like, 180, 200 over pressure was, like, 180, 200 over ———— It was terrible.It was terrible.It was terrible.It was terrible.

DR. GARTNER: That was terrible.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Finally I went to my cardiologist, Tom Finally I went to my cardiologist, Tom Finally I went to my cardiologist, Tom Finally I went to my cardiologist, Tom [Thomas M.] Drew, who took my blood [Thomas M.] Drew, who took my blood [Thomas M.] Drew, who took my blood [Thomas M.] Drew, who took my blood pressure and said, pressure and said, pressure and said, pressure and said, ““““WhatWhatWhatWhat’’’’s the matter with s the matter with s the matter with s the matter with you?you?you?you?” ” ” ” And I had gained weight, because I went to And I had gained weight, because I went to And I had gained weight, because I went to And I had gained weight, because I went to all these committee meetings, all these committee meetings, all these committee meetings, all these committee meetings, you know?you know?you know?you know?

DR. GARTNER: Right.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And recruitment meetings. And recruitment meetings. And recruitment meetings. And recruitment meetings. I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Well, I guess my job is killing me.Well, I guess my job is killing me.Well, I guess my job is killing me.Well, I guess my job is killing me.” ” ” ” He said, He said, He said, He said, ““““YouYouYouYou’’’’re damn right your job is killing you. re damn right your job is killing you. re damn right your job is killing you. re damn right your job is killing you. You can do one of two You can do one of two You can do one of two You can do one of two things. things. things. things. I can give you I can give you I can give you I can give you another pill to try to control your blood pressure, or another pill to try to control your blood pressure, or another pill to try to control your blood pressure, or another pill to try to control your blood pressure, or you quit your job.you quit your job.you quit your job.you quit your job.” ” ” ” I said, I said, I said, I said, ““““Tom, ITom, ITom, ITom, I’’’’ll do ll do ll do ll do both.both.both.both.””””


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: So he gave me a new pill, So he gave me a new pill, So he gave me a new pill, So he gave me a new pill, and I went back to the dean, and said, and I went back to the dean, and said, and I went back to the dean, and said, and I went back to the dean, and said, ““““Go find a Go find a Go find a Go find a replacement. replacement. replacement. replacement. I canI canI canI can’’’’t do this t do this t do this t do this anymore. anymore. anymore. anymore. ItItItIt’’’’s killing me.s killing me.s killing me.s killing me.” ” ” ” It was literally killing me.It was literally killing me.It was literally killing me.It was literally killing me.

95

DR. GARTNER: It’s hard work.


DR. GARTNER: Very hard work.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So he said, So he said, So he said, So he said, ““““All right, weAll right, weAll right, weAll right, we’’’’re going to appoint an interim re going to appoint an interim re going to appoint an interim re going to appoint an interim chair,chair,chair,chair,” ” ” ” and they appointed Dr. and they appointed Dr. and they appointed Dr. and they appointed Dr. Robert Klein. Robert Klein. Robert Klein. Robert Klein. Then I left in 2003, and I came Then I left in 2003, and I came Then I left in 2003, and I came Then I left in 2003, and I came back to my roots. back to my roots. back to my roots. back to my roots. I came back to Women and I came back to Women and I came back to Women and I came back to Women and Infants, just serving as a Infants, just serving as a Infants, just serving as a Infants, just serving as a neonatologist, which is what Ineonatologist, which is what Ineonatologist, which is what Ineonatologist, which is what I’’’’m doing now. m doing now. m doing now. m doing now. And within six months, And within six months, And within six months, And within six months, my blood my blood my blood my blood pressure went down, and I only need one pill a day, one of the mildpressure went down, and I only need one pill a day, one of the mildpressure went down, and I only need one pill a day, one of the mildpressure went down, and I only need one pill a day, one of the mild

pills pills pills pills that I have. that I have. that I have. that I have. I lost, like, ten pounds.I lost, like, ten pounds.I lost, like, ten pounds.I lost, like, ten pounds.

DR. GARTNER: Lost the weight.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I can sleep at night. I can sleep at night. I can sleep at night. I can sleep at night. You You You You know [claps hands once].know [claps hands once].know [claps hands once].know [claps hands once].

DR. GARTNER: And what year was it that you retired?


DR. GARTNER: 2003.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: And they gave me three And they gave me three And they gave me three And they gave me three retirement parties. retirement parties. retirement parties. retirement parties. I havenI havenI havenI haven’’’’t retired yet.t retired yet.t retired yet.t retired yet.


DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: IIII’’’’m waiting for the fourth m waiting for the fourth m waiting for the fourth m waiting for the fourth one. one. one. one. Then IThen IThen IThen I’’’’ll ll ll ll really really really really retire.retire.retire.retire.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Right, Mary?Right, Mary?Right, Mary?Right, Mary?

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: You wonYou wonYou wonYou won’’’’t do it, because theret do it, because theret do it, because theret do it, because there’’’’s no money anymore.s no money anymore.s no money anymore.s no money anymore.

DR. GARTNER: In retrospect, would you have taken, now that you’ve been through it, do you think your choice to take the chairmanship was the right one?

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: If I had a choice?If I had a choice?If I had a choice?If I had a choice?

DR. GARTNER: No, I say do you think your choice to have taken it was the right one?

96

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Not for me personally, Not for me personally, Not for me personally, Not for me personally, but the things that I have done for the department, I really but the things that I have done for the department, I really but the things that I have done for the department, I really but the things that I have done for the department, I really think they know think they know think they know think they know that. that. that. that. They all told me. They all told me. They all told me. They all told me. The day I left, they had a party for me, and several The day I left, they had a party for me, and several The day I left, they had a party for me, and several The day I left, they had a party for me, and several came to me and said, came to me and said, came to me and said, came to me and said, ““““You really turned the department around, and weYou really turned the department around, and weYou really turned the department around, and weYou really turned the department around, and we’’’’re going re going re going re going to miss you.to miss you.to miss you.to miss you.””””

DR. GARTNER: Sounds like you did it.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: I told them. I told them. I told them. I told them. The day I announced to the The day I announced to the The day I announced to the The day I announced to the residents, I said, residents, I said, residents, I said, residents, I said, ““““IIII’’’’m leaving you because of m leaving you because of m leaving you because of m leaving you because of my blood pressure, dahmy blood pressure, dahmy blood pressure, dahmy blood pressure, dah----dahdahdahdah----dah.dah.dah.dah.” ” ” ” I told them this story, and all the residents were crying, I I told them this story, and all the residents were crying, I I told them this story, and all the residents were crying, I I told them this story, and all the residents were crying, I tell you. tell you. tell you. tell you. I told I told I told I told them in the morning report. them in the morning report. them in the morning report. them in the morning report. I very religiously and diligently attended the I very religiously and diligently attended the I very religiously and diligently attended the I very religiously and diligently attended the morning report every day. morning report every day. morning report every day. morning report every day. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s my number one priority on my agenda. s my number one priority on my agenda. s my number one priority on my agenda. s my number one priority on my agenda. Nobody Nobody Nobody Nobody can replace can replace can replace can replace it. it. it. it. So I promised them ISo I promised them ISo I promised them ISo I promised them I’’’’d come back for the morning report d come back for the morning report d come back for the morning report d come back for the morning report regularly, and I still do. Every regularly, and I still do. Every regularly, and I still do. Every regularly, and I still do. Every Tuesday and Thursday at 8:00 a.m. I am there. Tuesday and Thursday at 8:00 a.m. I am there. Tuesday and Thursday at 8:00 a.m. I am there. Tuesday and Thursday at 8:00 a.m. I am there. I donI donI donI don’’’’t say anything. t say anything. t say anything. t say anything. I just sit there and listen.I just sit there and listen.I just sit there and listen.I just sit there and listen.

DR. GARTNER: Well, it does sound like you did a remarkable job as chairman.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: They really liked it. They really liked it. They really liked it. They really liked it. I think the I think the I think the I think the residents really enjoyed me.residents really enjoyed me.residents really enjoyed me.residents really enjoyed me.

DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: DR. M. OH: I donI donI donI don’’’’t t t t know. know. know. know. Tell them afterwards. DR. OH: Tell them afterwards. DR. OH: Tell them afterwards. DR. OH: Tell them afterwards. DR. OH: Off the Off the Off the Off the record?record?record?record?


DR. C. GARTNER: Go ahead, Mary.DR. GARTNER: Do you want to add something Mary, about this chairmanship? [Laughs]

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Go ahead, Go ahead, Go ahead, Go ahead, Mary. Mary. Mary. Mary. Tell them. DR. M. OH: Tell them. DR. M. OH: Tell them. DR. M. OH: Tell them. DR. M. OH: Oh, No.Oh, No.Oh, No.Oh, No.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: No? No? No? No? Okay.Okay.Okay.Okay.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. All right.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: So thatSo thatSo thatSo that’’’’s my story about chairmanship. DR. M. OH: s my story about chairmanship. DR. M. OH: s my story about chairmanship. DR. M. OH: s my story about chairmanship. DR. M. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s enough, huh.s enough, huh.s enough, huh.s enough, huh.

97

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Actually, I enjoyed it because, you know, you enjoy it when you know Actually, I enjoyed it because, you know, you enjoy it when you know Actually, I enjoyed it because, you know, you enjoy it when you know Actually, I enjoyed it because, you know, you enjoy it when you know youyouyouyou’’’’re building re building re building re building something, yousomething, yousomething, yousomething, you’’’’re doing something for someone. re doing something for someone. re doing something for someone. re doing something for someone. ThatThatThatThat’’’’s what it s what it s what it s what it was for me.was for me.was for me.was for me.

DR. GARTNER: Yes. Somebody said that ten years was the right time for those kinds of positions — presidents of universities.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: How long did you last?How long did you last?How long did you last?How long did you last?

DR. GARTNER: I lasted 13 years.

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DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Thirteen, Thirteen, Thirteen, Thirteen, so Iso Iso Iso I’’’’m one year ahead of you. m one year ahead of you. m one year ahead of you. m one year ahead of you. [Laughs] DR. M. OH: [Laughs] DR. M. OH: [Laughs] DR. M. OH: [Laughs] DR. M. OH: ItItItIt’’’’s s s s enough.enough.enough.enough.

DR. GARTNER: It’s enough. Ten years was the right time, and I should have quit at ten years.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: Especially today. Especially today. Especially today. Especially today. You know, itYou know, itYou know, itYou know, it’’’’s a very hard environment.s a very hard environment.s a very hard environment.s a very hard environment.

DR. DR. DR. DR. M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: M. OH: Oh sure it is, yes.Oh sure it is, yes.Oh sure it is, yes.Oh sure it is, yes.

DR. GARTNER: Oh, it’s terrible. And it’s the economics.

DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: DR. OH: ThatThatThatThat’’’’s why s why s why s why ————

DR. C. GARTNER: Ten years is enough.

DR. DR. DR. DR. OH: OH: OH: OH: If you just shut it off, I can tell you a few If you just shut it off, I can tell you a few If you just shut it off, I can tell you a few If you just shut it off, I can tell you a few offoffoffoff----thethethethe----record things.record things.record things.record things.

DR. GARTNER: Okay. Well, let me just close. Thank you again, Bill, for adding that and for this wonderful interview.[End of interview.]

98

IndexIndexIndexIndex

A

Adamson, Karlis

Adamson, KarlisAdamson, Karlis

Adamson, Karlis, 29, 54

Alexander, Duane F.

Alexander, Duane F.Alexander, Duane F.

Alexander, Duane F., 63

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Academy of PediatricsAmerican Academy of Pediatrics

American Academy of Pediatrics, 1, 9, 12, 17,

19, 47, 49, 50, 52, 56, 59, 60, 71

American Academy of Pediatrics,

American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics,

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee

CommitteeCommittee

Committee

on Fetus and Newborn

on Fetus and Newbornon Fetus and Newborn

on Fetus and Newborn, 47, 52, 58, 60, 80

American Board of Pediatrics

American Board of PediatricsAmerican Board of Pediatrics

American Board of Pediatrics, 56, 84

American Board of Pediatrics Subboard of

American Board of Pediatrics Subboard ofAmerican Board of Pediatrics Subboard of

American Board of Pediatrics Subboard of

Neonatal

NeonatalNeonatal

Neonatal-

--

-Perinatal Medicine

Perinatal MedicinePerinatal Medicine

Perinatal Medicine, 56

American Board of Surgery

American Board of SurgeryAmerican Board of Surgery

American Board of Surgery, 76

American

American American

American College of Obstetricians and

College of Obstetricians andCollege of Obstetricians and

College of Obstetricians and

Gynecologists

GynecologistsGynecologists

Gynecologists, 60

American Pediatric Society

American Pediatric SocietyAmerican Pediatric Society

American Pediatric Society, 50, 90, 91

Apgar,

Apgar, Apgar,

Apgar, Virginia

VirginiaVirginia

Virginia, 54

Association of Medical

Association of Medical Association of Medical

Association of Medical School Pediatric

School PediatricSchool Pediatric

School Pediatric

Department Chairmen

Department ChairmenDepartment Chairmen

Department Chairmen, 75

Avery, Mary Ellen

Avery, Mary EllenAvery, Mary Ellen

Avery, Mary Ellen, 54, 75, 76

B

Biester, Doris J.

Biester, Doris J.Biester, Doris J.

Biester, Doris J., 55

B

BB

Br

rr

ro

oo

ow

ww

wn

nn

n

U

UU

Un

nn

ni

ii

iv

vv

ve

ee

er

rr

rs

ss

si

ii

it

tt

ty

yy

y, 27, 32, 61, 68

of 153


Budin, Pierre

Budin, PierreBudin, Pierre

Budin, Pierre, 64, 65

C

Cagayan de Oro, Philippines

Cagayan de Oro, PhilippinesCagayan de Oro, Philippines

Cagayan de Oro, Philippines, 2

Caldeyro

CaldeyroCaldeyro

Caldeyro-

--

-Barcia, Roberto

Barcia, RobertoBarcia, Roberto

Barcia, Roberto, 54

Cashore, William Joseph

Cashore, William JosephCashore, William Joseph

Cashore, William Joseph, 29

Children

ChildrenChildren

Children’

’’

’s Hospital Boston

s Hospital Bostons Hospital Boston

s Hospital Boston, 54

Cornblath, Marvin

Cornblath, MarvinCornblath, Marvin

Cornblath, Marvin, 40

Couney, Martin Arthur

Couney, Martin ArthurCouney, Martin Arthur

Couney, Martin Arthur, 22

Cowett, Richard M.

Cowett, Richard M.Cowett, Richard M.

Cowett, Richard M., 29

D

Deaconess Hospital

Deaconess Hospital Deaconess Hospital

Deaconess Hospital (Milwaukee)

(Milwaukee)(Milwaukee)

(Milwaukee), 5

Drew, Thomas M.

Drew, Thomas M.Drew, Thomas M.

Drew, Thomas M., 95

E

Emmanouilides,

Emmanouilides, Emmanouilides,

Emmanouilides, George C.

George C.George C.

George C., 25

Ezekowitz, Alan

Ezekowitz, AlanEzekowitz, Alan

Ezekowitz, Alan, 38

F

Fazzano, Louis

Fazzano, Louis Fazzano, Louis

Fazzano, Louis A.

A.A.

A., 94

Fisher, Delbert A.

Fisher, Delbert A.Fisher, Delbert A.

Fisher, Delbert A., 25

G

Gauvin, Normand

Gauvin, NormandGauvin, Normand

Gauvin, Normand, 29

Gluck, Louis

Gluck, LouisGluck, Louis

Gluck, Louis, 19

Gotoff, Samuel P.

Gotoff, Samuel P.Gotoff, Samuel P.

Gotoff, Samuel P., 59

Grant Hospital (Chicago)

Grant Hospital (Chicago)Grant Hospital (Chicago)

Grant Hospital (Chicago), 16, 23, 45

Group B Strep Association

Group B Strep AssociationGroup B Strep Association

Group B Strep Association, 59, 60

group B Streptococcal infection

group B Streptococcal infectiongroup B Streptococcal infection

group B Streptococcal infection, 58, 59, 60

H

Hakanson,

Hakanson, Hakanson,

Hakanson, David O.

David O.David O.

David O., 29

Harbor General Hospital,

Harbor General Hospital, Harbor General Hospital,

Harbor General Hospital, UCLA

UCLAUCLA

UCLA, 25, 26, 79,

86

Harriet

Harriet Harriet

Harriet Lane Home

Lane HomeLane Home

Lane Home, 54

Hasbro Children

Hasbro ChildrenHasbro Children

Hasbro Children’

’’

’s

s s

s Hospital

HospitalHospital

Hospital, 95

Hassenfeld, Alan G.

Hassenfeld, Alan G.Hassenfeld, Alan G.

Hassenfeld, Alan G., 95

Hess, Julius H.

Hess, Julius H.Hess, Julius H.

Hess, Julius H., 9, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 53, 55

H

HH

Hi

ii

ig

gg

gg

gg

gi

ii

in

nn

ns

ss

s,

,,

,

R

RR

Ro

oo

os

ss

se

ee

em

mm

ma

aa

ar

rr

ry

yy

y

D

DD

D.

..

., 63

of 153


Hobel, Calvin J.

Hobel, Calvin J.Hobel, Calvin J.

Hobel, Calvin J., 25

I

International Perinatal

International Perinatal International Perinatal

International Perinatal Collegium

CollegiumCollegium

Collegium, 47

J

James, L. Stanley

James, L. StanleyJames, L. Stanley

James, L. Stanley, 54

K

Kaback, Michael M.

Kaback, Michael M.Kaback, Michael M.

Kaback, Michael M., 25

Karotkin, Edward H.

Karotkin, Edward H.Karotkin, Edward H.

Karotkin, Edward H., 29

Katz, Michael

Katz, MichaelKatz, Michael

Katz, Michael, 47

Klein, Reuben I.

Klein, Reuben I.Klein, Reuben I.

Klein, Reuben I., 21, 22, 29

Klein,

Klein, Klein,

Klein, Robert

RobertRobert

Robert, 96

Kunstadter, Ralph H.

Kunstadter, Ralph H.Kunstadter, Ralph H.

Kunstadter, Ralph H., 21, 22, 29

L

Lemons,

Lemons, Lemons,

Lemons, James

JamesJames

James, 34

Liley, [Sir] Albert

Liley, [Sir] Albert Liley, [Sir] Albert

Liley, [Sir] Albert William

WilliamWilliam

William, 54

Lind, Johnny

Lind, JohnnyLind, Johnny

Lind, Johnny, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 41, 64

Little, George A.

Little, George A.Little, George A.

Little, George A., 56

Lucey, Jerold F.

Lucey, Jerold F.Lucey, Jerold F.

Lucey, Jerold F., 49, 56

Lundeen, Evelyn C.

Lundeen, Evelyn C.Lundeen, Evelyn C.

Lundeen, Evelyn C., 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 20, 55

M

March of Dimes, Basil

March of Dimes, Basil March of Dimes, Basil

March of Dimes, Basil O

OO

O’

’’

’Connor Starter

Connor StarterConnor Starter

Connor Starter

Scholar Research Award Committee

Scholar Research Award CommitteeScholar Research Award Committee

Scholar Research Award Committee, 47

Masterson, William

Masterson, WilliamMasterson, William

Masterson, William, 4, 6

Mercy Hospital and Medical Center

Mercy Hospital and Medical CenterMercy Hospital and Medical Center

Mercy Hospital and Medical Center

(Chicago)

(Chicago)(Chicago)

(Chicago), 15

Metcoff,

Metcoff, Metcoff,

Metcoff, Jack

JackJack

Jack, 6, 7, 10, 11, 19, 24, 25, 28, 41

Michael

Michael Michael

Michael Reese Hospital

Reese HospitalReese Hospital

Reese Hospital, 6, 7, 8, 17, 19, 20, 21,

22, 23, 39, 40, 53, 54, 79

Minkowski, Alexandre

Minkowski, AlexandreMinkowski, Alexandre

Minkowski, Alexandre, 11

Monti, James

Monti, JamesMonti, James

Monti, James, 73

99

N

neonatal intensive care

neonatal intensive care neonatal intensive care

neonatal intensive care unit

unitunit

unit, 28, 29, 30, 31, 37,

61, 74, 77, 78, 90, 91, 92

of 153


O

Oh, Amy

Oh, AmyOh, Amy

Oh, Amy, 19, 34, 35, 36, 38, 45

Oh, Kenny

Oh, KennyOh, Kenny

Oh, Kenny, 33, 41, 45

Oh, Mary

Oh, MaryOh, Mary

Oh, Mary, 5, 11, 12, 14, 15, 23, 32, 40, 43, 45,

46, 61, 94, 96, 97

P

Padbury, James Frederick

Padbury, James FrederickPadbury, James Frederick

Padbury, James Frederick, 31, 32, 33, 69, 85

Parris Jr., Thomas

Parris Jr., ThomasParris Jr., Thomas

Parris Jr., Thomas, 89

Perinatal Research Society

Perinatal Research SocietyPerinatal Research Society

Perinatal Research Society, 47

Philippines

PhilippinesPhilippines

Philippines, 2, 14, 15, 22, 42

Platou, Ralph

Platou, RalphPlatou, Ralph

Platou, Ralph, 50, 51

Providence, Rhode Island

Providence, Rhode IslandProvidence, Rhode Island

Providence, Rhode Island, 1, 27, 76

R

regionalization

regionalizationregionalization

regionalization, 27, 28, 57, 74, 76, 80

Reynolds, John W.

Reynolds, John W.Reynolds, John W.

Reynolds, John W., 48

S

Sarah Morris Hospital for

Sarah Morris Hospital for Sarah Morris Hospital for

Sarah Morris Hospital for Children

ChildrenChildren

Children, 8, 20, 22

Schaffer,

Schaffer, Schaffer,

Schaffer, Alexander

AlexanderAlexander

Alexander, 56

Silverman,

Silverman, Silverman,

Silverman, William

WilliamWilliam

William, 9, 54

Simmons, Michael

Simmons, Michael Simmons, Michael

Simmons, Michael A.

A.A.

A., 84

Smith, Clement A.

Smith, Clement A.Smith, Clement A.

Smith, Clement A., 27, 54

Society for Pediatric Research

Society for Pediatric ResearchSociety for Pediatric Research

Society for Pediatric Research, 50, 56, 84, 90

St. Geme, Jr., Joseph W.

St. Geme, Jr., Joseph W.St. Geme, Jr., Joseph W.

St. Geme, Jr., Joseph W., 25, 26, 28, 49

Stahlman, Mildred T.

Stahlman, Mildred T.Stahlman, Mildred T.

Stahlman, Mildred T., 12

Stern, Leo

Stern, LeoStern, Leo

Stern, Leo, 12, 27, 28, 75, 93, 94

Stockholm, Sweden

Stockholm, SwedenStockholm, Sweden

Stockholm, Sweden, 11, 12, 14, 16, 25, 40, 41,

65

Sunshine, Philip

Sunshine, PhilipSunshine, Philip

Sunshine, Philip, 56

T

The Premature

The Premature The Premature

The Premature Infant

InfantInfant

Infant

Medical and Nursing Care

Medical and Nursing CareMedical and Nursing Care

Medical and Nursing Care, 17

Todres, I David

Todres, I DavidTodres, I David

Todres, I David, 38

Tucker, Mary

Tucker, MaryTucker, Mary

Tucker, Mary, 93

U

of 153


University of Santo Tomas

University of Santo TomasUniversity of Santo Tomas

University of Santo Tomas, 4

US

US US

US Centers for Disease Control

Centers for Disease ControlCenters for Disease Control

Centers for Disease Control, 59, 60

US National Institute of Child Health and

US National Institute of Child Health andUS National Institute of Child Health and

US National Institute of Child Health and

Human

Human Human

Human Development

DevelopmentDevelopment

Development, 47, 62, 63, 64

US

US US

US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Global Network for Women

WomenWomen

Women’

’’

’s and Children

s and Childrens and Children

s and Children’

’’

’s Health

s Healths Health

s Health, 63

US

US US

US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development MaternalNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-

--

-Fetal Medicine

Fetal Medicine Fetal Medicine

Fetal Medicine Units Network

Units NetworkUnits Network

Units Network, 63

US National

US National US National

US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research NetworkInstitute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 61, 64

US National Institute of Child

US National Institute of Child US National Institute of Child

US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pediatric Pharmacology Research Units Network

Health and Human Development Pediatric Pharmacology Research Units NetworkHealth and Human Development Pediatric Pharmacology Research Units Network

Health and Human Development Pediatric Pharmacology Research Units Network, 63

US National Institutes of Health

US National Institutes of HealthUS National Institutes of Health

US National Institutes of Health, 20, 36, 81, 85

Usher, Robert H.

Usher, Robert H.Usher, Robert H.

Usher, Robert H., 12

V

Vaccaro, Joseph

Vaccaro, Joseph Vaccaro, Joseph

Vaccaro, Joseph E.

E.E.

E., 6, 22

Virginia Apgar Award in

Virginia Apgar Award in Virginia Apgar Award in

Virginia Apgar Award in Perinatal Pediatrics

Perinatal PediatricsPerinatal Pediatrics

Perinatal Pediatrics,

46

Vohr,

Vohr, Vohr,

Vohr, Betty R.

Betty R.Betty R.

Betty R., 89, 91

W

Warshaw, Joseph B.

Warshaw, Joseph B.Warshaw, Joseph B.

Warshaw, Joseph B., 26

William and Mary Oh

William and Mary OhWilliam and Mary Oh

William and Mary Oh-

--

-William and Elsa Zopfi

William and Elsa ZopfiWilliam and Elsa Zopfi

William and Elsa Zopfi

Professorship in Pediatrics for Perinatal

Professorship in Pediatrics for PerinatalProfessorship in Pediatrics for Perinatal

Professorship in Pediatrics for Perinatal

Research

ResearchResearch

Research, 32

Wishingrad,

Wishingrad, Wishingrad,

Wishingrad, Lester

LesterLester

Lester, 20, 21

Wright, Linda

Wright, LindaWright, Linda

Wright, Linda, 63

X

Xavier University

Xavier University Xavier University

Xavier University –

––

– Ateneo de Cagayan

Ateneo de CagayanAteneo de Cagayan

Ateneo de Cagayan, 4

Y

Yaffee,

Yaffee, Yaffee,

Yaffee, Sumner

SumnerSumner

Sumner, 64

100

CURRICULUM VITAE CURRICULUM VITAE CURRICULUM VITAE CURRICULUM VITAE 5/11/20065/11/20065/11/20065/11/2006

William Oh, M.D.William Oh, M.D.William Oh, M.D.William Oh, M.D.

Birth DateBirth DateBirth DateBirth Date:

Place of Birth:Place of Birth:Place of Birth:Place of Birth:

Citizenship: Citizenship: Citizenship: Citizenship: N/A

Office Address: Office Address: Office Address: Office Address: Department of Pediatrics

of 153


Women and Infants’ Hospital101 Dudley St. Providence,RI,02903-4970

Current Current Current Current Hospital TitleHospital TitleHospital TitleHospital Title: Attending Neonatologist

Women and Infants’ Hospital

Current Current Current Current Academic Title: Academic Title: Academic Title: Academic Title: Professor of Pediatrics

Brown Medical School

Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Education: Education: Education: Education: 1953 Pre Med -Xavier University, Cagayan de Oro, The Philippines

Graduate Graduate Graduate Graduate Education: Education: Education: Education: 1958 M.D., University of Santo Tomas, Manila, The Philippines

1975 M.A.(Honorary) Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island

Postgraduate EducationPostgraduate EducationPostgraduate EducationPostgraduate Education

1988 D.Sc.(Honorary) Rhode Island College

Providence, Rhode Island

and and and and Training: Training: Training: Training: 1958-59 Internship, Deaconess Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

1959-61 Pediatric Residency, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical

Center, Chicago, Illinois1961-62 Chief Resident, Pediatrics, Michael Reese Hospital and

Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois1962-64 Research Fellow in Neonatology, Michael Reese Hospital andMedical Center, Chicago, Illinois

1964-66 Research Associate in Neonatal CardiopulmonaryLaboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Board Board Board Board Certification:Certification:Certification:Certification: 1963 American Board of Pediatrics #8957S

1976 The Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine #243

101

1986 Recertified, American Board of Pediatrics and SubBoard ofNeonatal-Perinatal Medicine

Licensure: Licensure: Licensure: Licensure: 1967 Illinois - No. 036-0040907

1968 New York - No. 1031721969 California - No. 023319

1974 Rhode Island - No. 4672

Hospital AppointmentsHospital AppointmentsHospital AppointmentsHospital Appointments: 1966-69 Director, Neonatology Section Michael Reese Hospital and

Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois1969-74 Chief, Division of Neonatology Harbor General HospitalTorrance, California

1974 Director of Perinatal Medicine Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence,

of 153


Rhode Island1975-1996 Pediatrician-in-Chief, Women and Infants Hospital of RhodeIsland, Providence, Rhode Island1989-2003 Pediatrician-in-Chief, Rhode Island HospitalProvidence, Rhode Island2003-Present Staff Neonatologist, Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode

Island, Providence, Rhode Island1991- Board of Trustees, Rhode Island Hospital1998 - Board of Trustees/Rhode Island Hospital Foundation1998- Trustee, Rhode Island Hospital Foundation

Academic Academic Academic Academic Appointments: Appointments: Appointments: Appointments: 1968-69 Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School

Chicago, Illinois1969-73 Associate Professor of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California1972-73 Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los

Angeles, California1973-74 Professor of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCLA School of Medicine (Joint

Appointment), Los Angeles, California

2 102

1974-89 Professor of Medical Sciences in Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Brown University School of

Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island1986-87 Acting Chairman of Pediatrics, Brown University Program inMedicine, Providence, Rhode Island

1989-2003 Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, BrownUniversity School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island1995-2003 Sylvia Kay Hassenfeld Professor of Pediatrics

Chairman, Department of Pediatrics Brown University School of Medicine Providence, Rhode Island

Professional Professional Professional Professional Societies:Societies:Societies:Societies:

(Local and Regional) (Local and Regional) (Local and Regional) (Local and Regional) 1966-69 Medical Research Institute, Michael Reese Hospital

1967-69 Chicago Pediatric Society

1967-present Midwest Society for Pediatric Research1969-present Western Society for Pediatric Research1971-present Western Society for Clinical Research1971-present Los Angeles Pediatric Society1971-1974 Southern California Perinatology Club1974-present New England Pediatric Society

1975-present Rhode Island Medical Society1975-present Providence Medical Association

(National/International) (National/International) (National/International) (National/International) 1966-present American Federation for Clinical Research

1967-present American Association for Advancement of Science1968-present American Academy of Pediatrics

1968-present Society for Pediatric Research1969-present American Association of Maternal and Child Health1972-present American Pediatric Society

1972-present Perinatal Research Society(President, 1980)

of 153


3 103

1973-present American Society for Clinical Nutrition1973-present American Institute of Nutrition

1973-present Federation of American Scientists and ExperimentalBiologists1974-present American Society of Photobiology1975-1976 National Perinatal Association1975-present International Perinatal Collegium

1975-present The New York Academy of Science1975-present International Intensive Care of the Newborn1978-present The American Thoracic Society1984-present The Society for Gynecologic Investigation1986-present Society of Perinatal Obstetricians (Honorary)1990 European Society for Pediatric Research (SPR Affiliate

Member)1991-present International Pediatric Association Advisory Expert Panel1994-present National Perinatal Association

2000 - National Asian Women’s Health Organization (NAWHO), Board Member

Hospital Consultant: Hospital Consultant: Hospital Consultant: Hospital Consultant: 1967-1969 Certified Pediatric Consultant, Chicago Board of Health,

Chicago, IL

1967-1969 Consultant, Martin Luther King Neighborhood Health Center, Chicago, IL1969 Neonatology Consultant, St. Francis Hospital, Evanston, IL

1972-1974 Consultant, St. Mary's Hospital, Long Beach, CA1974-present Consultant, Kent County Memorial Hospital, Warwick, RI1975-present Program Consultant, Regional Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Rhode Island

Department of Health, Providence, RI

4 104

1975-present Member, Consultant Staff, Rhode Island Group Health

Association, North Providence, RI1976-present Consulting Staff, Roger Williams General Hospital, Providence, RI

1976-present Consultant/Lecturer in Pediatrics at the Naval RegionalMedical Center, Newport, RI

Committee Committee Committee Committee Membership:Membership:Membership:Membership:

(Extramural Appointment) (Extramural Appointment) (Extramural Appointment) (Extramural Appointment) 1970-1974 American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee for Fetus and

Newborn, Southern California Chapter1972-1974 Ad Hoc Committee, Crippled Children Services, HyalineMembrane Disease Committee, California

1973 Ad Hoc Committee for Promotion, UCLA and U.C., Irvine, California1973-1974 Chairman, South Bay Regional Fetus and NewbornCommittee1974 Planning Committee, Family Practice Residency, PawtucketMemorial Hospital, Pawtucket, RI1974-present Perinatal Mortality Committee, RI Medical Society

1975-1976 Search Committee for Chief of Allergy and Immunology, Roger Williams General Hospital, Providence, RI1975-1976 Member, Professional Advisory Board, The Childbirth

Educational Association, Providence, RI

of 153


1975-1976 Member, Heart Association's Pediatric Cardiology Council, Providence, RI1975-1976 Member, Nominations Committee, Section of PerinatalPediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics1976-present Member, Medical Advisory Board, Meeting Street School, East Providence, RI1976-1977 Corporation Member, Rhode Island Health Science EducationCouncil, Cranston, RI

1976-present Member, Medical Advisory Committee to the Division ofMaternal and Child Health, Providence, RI1976-1977 Member, Professional Advisory Board, East Shore DistrictNursing Association, Warren, RI

5 105

1976-1977 Associate Chairperson for the Advisory Committee for Pediatric Hematologist Search, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1977-1978 Member, Ad Hoc Committee for the Licensing of Midwives in Rhode Island,

Department of Health, Providence, RI1977 Member, Committee for Crippled Children, Child HealthDivision, Rhode Island Department of Health

1977-1979 Member, Nominations Committee, American Academy ofPediatrics, Section of Perinatal Pediatrics

1978-1979 Member, Task Force on Special Care Units, Health PlanningCouncil, Inc., Providence, RI1978-1979 Member, Central Rhode Island Task Force on Pediatrics, Health Planning Council,

Inc., Providence, RI1978-1984 Member, Blue Cross Corporation, Providence, RI1978-1981 Member of the Corporation for the RI Association for the

Blind, Providence, RI1978-1980 Member, Developmental State Planning and Advisory

Council for the State of Rhode Island, Providence, RI1979-1980 Member, Newborn Hearing and Speech Advisory Council for the State of RI1980-present Member, District I Committee on Perinatal Medicine of the American College of

Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Boston, MA1989-1991 Member, National Board of Medical Examiners, FLEX Component 1 Test Material Development Subcommittee H, Philadelphia, PA1990-present Member, Association of Medical School PediatricDepartment Chairmen1992-1995 Member, Executive Committee, Association of Medical

School Pediatric Department Chairman1992-1996 Member, Rhode Island Philharmonic Board2000 Member, Board of Directors, National Asian Women’sHealth Organization, San Francisco, CA

Intramural Appointments: Intramural Appointments: Intramural Appointments: Intramural Appointments: 1969-1974 Subcommittee on Human Use, Harbor General Hospital,

Torrance, CA

6 106

1969-1971 Transfusion Committee, Harbor General Hospital, Torrance, CA

1969-1971 Clinical Laboratory Advisory Committee, Harbor GeneralHospital, Torrance, CA1970-1974 Intensive Care Unit Advisory Committee, Harbor General

Hospital, Torrance, CA1969-1971 Subcommittee on Fiscal and Administrative Policies, Harbor

General Hospital, Torrance, CA

of 153


1972-1974 Committee on Biomedical Engineering, Harbor GeneralHospital, Torrance, CA1973-1974 Interdepartmental Promotion and Tenure Committee, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA1974-1978 Chairman, Fetus and Newborn Committee, Women andInfants Hospital, Providence, RI1974-1975 Search Committee for Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology

(Brown University), Providence, RI1975-1976 Search Committee for Chief of Pathology, Women andInfants Hospital, Providence, RI1975-present Member, Research Committee, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI1975-1981 Member, Credentials Committee, Women and Infants

Hospital, Providence, RI1975-1977 Faculty Representative, M.D., Curriculum Committee, BrownUniversity Program in Medicine, Providence, RI

1975-1977 Faculty Representative, Clinical Clerkship Liaison Committee, Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, RI

1977-1978 Member of the Final Examination Committee for doctoral disseration, Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, RI1977-present Member, Subcommittee of the Women and Infants Hospital

Medical Education Committee, Providence, RI1978-1979 Member, Biochemistry Search Committee, Brown UniversityProgram in Medicine, Providence, RI

7 107

1978-1979 Search Committee for Faculty Member in PhysiologicalChemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI

1978-1979 Chairman, Search Committee for Chief of Obstetrics andGynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI

1978-1980 Member, Search Committee for Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1979-present Member, Affiliation Committee for Women and Infants and

Rhode Island Hospitals, Providence, RI1979-present Member, Board of Trustees, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI1982-1983 Chairman, Search Committee for Director, Division ofPediatric Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1985-1986 Chairman, Search Committee for Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI

1987-1988 Chairman, Search Committee for Ambulatory Pediatrician, Roger William General Hospital, Providence, RI1990-1991 Chairman, Search Committee for Chairman of Obstetrics andGynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI1991-1992 Member, Search Committee for Dean of Biology and

Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI1991-1992 Member, Board of Trustees, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1991-1992 Member, Search Committee for the Dean of Medicine and

Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI1992-1993 Chairman, Search Committee for the Chairman of Surgery, Brown University,

Providence, RI1993-1994 Member, Search Committee for the Chairman of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI

1994 Member, Search Committee for Chief, Division of PediatricSurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1994-1995 Member, Search Committee for Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery,

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI

of 153


8 108

1994-1996 Member, Search Committee for Director, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1994-present Advisory Board, Early Hospital Discharge EducationProgram, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories

1996-1997 Member, Search Committee for Surgeon-in-Chief, Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital Providence, RI1996-1998 Chairman, Search Committee for Chairman of Medicine, Brown University,

Providence, RI1996-2002 Chairman, Educational Advisory Committee

Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI1996 Chairman, Ad Hoc Committee for Hospital AffiliationBrown University, Providence, RI

1997 Member, Search Committee for CEO of AcademicMedical Centers, Lifespan1997 Member, System Leadership, Lifespan

1997-1999 Member, COMPASS, Lifespan1998 Chair, Outside Advisory Committee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Program in

Women’s Reproductive Health Research at Women and Infants’ Hospital of Rhode Island.1999 Member, Search Committee for the Chairman of Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI

Honor AppointmentsHonor AppointmentsHonor AppointmentsHonor Appointments

and and and and Achievements: Achievements: Achievements: Achievements: 1972 Member, Program Committee for Neonatology; Western

Society for Pediatric Research Annual Meeting1972 Member, Program Committee for Fetus and Newborn Committee, American Academy of Pediatrics, California Chapter, Annual Meeting1973 Program Committee for Neonatology Section, Society forPediatric Research

1980 President, Perinatal Research Society1981 Outstanding Physician Physician of the Year, PhilippineMedical Association in America, Inc., New York, New York

9 109

1982Alton Goldbloom Memorial Lecturer, McGill University - Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada

1984 Subspecialty Chairperson Neonatology APS-SPR Annual

Meeting

1985 Rhode Island Governor's Award for Scientific Achievement

1988 Sixth Renato Ma. Guerrero Memorial Lecturer, Manila, The

Philippines

of 153


1993 231st Dr. Luis Ma. Guerrero Memorial Lecturer, Manila, The

Philippines

1994 Member, The Best Doctors in America, (published by

Woodward/White, Inc., second edition)

1995 The Virginia Apgar Awardee

1996 Member, The Best Doctors in America, American Health,

March issue

1997 Alumnus of the Year, University of Santo Tomas

Medical Alumni Association in America

2001 Lifetime Member of the National Registry of Who’s Who

2003 Filipina Magazine Outstanding Achievement of the year

Government and Government and Government and Government and

FoundationFoundationFoundationFoundation

AppointmentsAppointmentsAppointmentsAppointments

1978-1988

Member, Basil O'Connor Starter Research Advisory

Committee,National Foundation, March of Dimes

1980-1985

Key Consultant, Five-Year Research Plan Steering

Committee, National Instituteof Health and Human

Development, Washington, DC

1980-

1983Member, Advisory Panel on Pediatrics for U.S.

of 153


Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Maryland

1980-1984

Member, Study Section, Human Embryology and

Development, NICHD, Bethesda, Maryland

1981-1986

Member, Subcommittee on Pregnancy Weight Gain, of the

Committee on Nutrition of the Mother and Preschool Child,

FNB - Assembly of Life Sciences, Washington, DC

1982-1988

Member, Research Advisory Committee, Hood Foundation,

Boston, MA

10 110

1982-1988 Member, Sub-Board for Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, American Board of Pediatrics

1985-1989 Member, Pediatric Test Committee Part II The NationalBoard of Medical Examiners1985-1987 Member, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee onFetus and Newborn1985-1987 Chairman, Human Embryology and Development, NationalInstitutes of Child Health and Development

1986-1991 Chairman, Steering Committee for Neonatal Research Network, National Institutes of Child Health and Development1991 Member, Steering Committee for Neonatal Research Network, National Institutes of Child Health and Development1993-1997 Chairman, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on

Fetus and Newborn1995-98 Member, National Advisory Child Health and HumanDevelopment Council of the National Institutes of Health

1999 Chairman, Governor’s Commission on Early Intervention, Providence, Rhode Island2003 Consultant, FDA panel on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia2004 March of Dimes NICU Family Support National Advisory

Comiittee2005 Reviewer NICHD /FDA panel on neonatal pain drug development

Research Grant Reviewer: Research Grant Reviewer: Research Grant Reviewer: Research Grant Reviewer: 1972 Site Visitor, Research Grant Committee, Los Angeles County

Heart Association1972 Reviewer, Research Grant Committee, Diabetes Association of California

1974 Reviewer, Research Grant Committee, National Foundation, March of Dimes

of 153


1974 Reviewer, Research Grant Committee, Education Foundation of America1975 Site Visitor, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

11 111

1975 Site Visitor, NIH Clinical Research Center Grant1976 Site Visitor, National Heart and Lung Institute1976 Site Visitor, MCH Pulmonary Centers

1976 Site Visitor, NIH Bureau of Community Health Services1976 Consultant, Bureau of Medical Devices, FDA, Washington, DC

1979 Reviewer, Thrasher Foundation, Utah1980 Site Visitor for NICHD to 3 Clinical Research Centers1982 Reviewer, National Osteopathic Foundation

1983 Site Visitor, Program Project for NICHD, Staten Island, New York, Clinical Research Center University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Medical Research Council1986 Site Visitor, Program Project for NICHD Columbia

Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York.2003 Member, Review group for NICHD Pediatric PharmacologyResearch Unit Network

Reviewer for Journals: Reviewer for Journals: Reviewer for Journals: Reviewer for Journals: 1972-present Pediatrics

1972-present American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

1974-present Pediatric Research1975-present Journal of Pediatrics1975-present New England Journal of Medicine

1976-1980 Cardiology1977-1980 Infant Behavior and Development1981-present American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

1981-1983 Pediatric Gastroenterology1982-present Early Human Development

1983-present American Journal of Diseases in Children1983-present Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine

12 112

1984-present Clinical Pediatrics1984-present Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition1984-present Biology of the Neonate

1987-present Journal of Respiratory Diseases1987-present Pediatric Infectious Disease1988-present Metabolism

1989-present Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica1996-present Ambulatory Child Health

2003-present Obstetrics and Gynecology

Editorial Board Member: Editorial Board Member: Editorial Board Member: Editorial Board Member: 1975-1983 Current Concepts in Perinatology, Neonatology, and Pediatric

Nutrition1982-present Acta Pediatrica Espanola1987-1996 Early Human Development

1990 Perinatal/Neonatal Practice

Guest Editor:Guest Editor:Guest Editor:Guest Editor:

of 153


1982 Pediatric Clinics of North America, The Newborn1988 Section editor, Fetal and Neonata Physiology ( Polin)1994 Acta Paediatrica Sinica2004 Seminar in Perinatology

13 113

Grant Support Grant Support Grant Support Grant Support (Funded):(Funded):(Funded):(Funded):

SOURCE GRANT # TITLE OF PROJECT YEAR OF ROLE DIRECT C

PROJECT 1996

NICHD The Offspring of Diabetic Mother 1975-1990 PI $ 400k/

14 114

Original Original Original Original ArticlesArticlesArticlesArticles:

1. Baens, G.S., Oh W., Lundeen, E., Cornblath, M.: Determination of blood sugar in newborn infants.Pediatrics 28:850-851, 1961.2. Oh W., Baens, G.S., Migeon, C.J., Wybregt, S.H., Cornblath, M.: Studies of carbohydrate metabolism in the newborn infant. Pediatrics 30:769-775, 1962.3. Kunstadter, R.H., Oh W., Tanman, F., Cornblath, M.W.: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in the

newborn.Am. J. Dis. Child. 105:499-506, 1963.4. Oh W., Keller, R., Klein, R.I., Kunstadter, R.H.: Antibiotics in infants for premature rupture of membranes. Am. J. Dis. Child. 108:149-153, 1964.5. Kunstadter, R.H., Oh W.: Vomiting in the newborn with particular reference to cardiochalasia.

MedicalTimes 92:447-451, 1964.6. Oh W., Stewart, L., Baens, G.S., Metcoff, J.: Body composition and renal adaptation in the

newborn rat.Biol. Neonate 8:65-80, 1965.7. Oh W., Arcilla, R.A., Lind, J.: In vivo blood oxygen dissociation curve of newborn infants. Biol.

Neonate 8:241-252, 1965.8. Wu, P.Y.K., Oh W., Polar, E., Metcoff, J.: Urinary excretion of citric acid cycle metabolites in

premature newborn infants with and without a respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 36:856-860, 1965.9. Oh W., Lind, J., Gessner, I.H.: The circulatory and respiratory adaptation to early and late cord

clamping in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 55:17-25, 1966.10. Oh W., Lind, J.: Venous and capillary hematocrit in newborn infants and placental transfusion. ActaPaediatr. Scand. 55:38-40, 1966.11. Oh W., Oh, M., Lind, J.: Renal function and blood volume in newborn infant related to placental

transfusion. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 56:197-210, 1966.12. Oh W., Arcilla, R.A., Oh, M., Lind, J.: Renal and cardiovascular effects of body tilting in the newborn infant. Biol. Neonate 10:76-92, 1966.13. Oh W., Blankenship, W., Lind, J.: Further study of neonatal blood volume in relation to placental transfusion. Annales Paediatr. 207:147-159, 1966.14. Arcilla, R.A., Oh W., Lind, J., Gessner, I.H.: Pulmonary arterial pressures of newborn infants

born with early and late clamping of the cord. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 55:305-315, 1966.15. Arcilla, R.A., Oh W., Lind, J., Blankenship, W.: Portal and atrial pressures in the newborn period. A

comparative study of infants born with early and late clamping of the cord. Acta Paediatr. Scand.

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55:615-625, 1966.16. Arcilla, R.A., Lind, J., Zetterqvist, P., Oh W., Gessner, I.H.: Hemodynamic features of

extrasystoles in newborn and older infants. Am. J. Cardiol. 18:191-199, 1966.

15 115

17. Oh W., Arcilla, R.A., Lind, J., Gessner, I.H.: Arterial blood gas and acid base balance in the

newborn infant: Effects of cord clamping at birth. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 55:593-599, 1966.18. Hanson, J.S., Oh W., Arcilla, R.A., Wallgren, G., Lind, J.: Cardiac output estimation in the

newborn infant. Modification of the forward triangle factor. Acta Paediatr. Scand 56:66-70, 1967.19. Hanson, J.S., Arcilla, R.A., Oh W., Wallgren, G., Lind, J.: Quantitative studies of the human neonatal circulation. I. Dye dilution. Principles and techniques. Acta Paediatr. Scand., Suppl.

179:9-21, 1967.20. Oh W., Lind, J.: Body temperature of the newborn infant in relation to placental transfusion. Acta

Paediatr. Scand., Suppl. 172:137-145, 1967.21. Arcilla, R.A., Oh W., Wallgren, G., Hanson, J.S., Gessner, I.H., Lind, J.: Quantitative studies of the human neonatal circulation. II. Hemodynamic findings in early and late clamping of the

umbilical cord. Acta Paediatr. Scand., Suppl. 179:25-42, 1967.22. Oh W., Wallgren, G., Hanson, J.S., Lind, J.: The effects of placental transfusion on respiratory

mechanics of normal term newborn infants. Pediatrics 40:6-12, 1967.23. Hanson, J.S., Oh W., Arcilla, R.A., Wallgren, G., Lind, J.: Evaluation of the forward triangle factor in the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 56:318, 1967.

24. Wu, P.Y.K., Oh W., Lubetkin, A., Metcoff, J.: Late edema in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 41:67-76, 1968.

25. Rabor, I.F., Oh W., Wu, P.Y.K., Metcoff, J., Vaughn, M.A., Gabler, M.: The effects of early and late feeding of intrauterine fetally malnourished (IUM) infants. Pediatrics 42:261-269, 1968.

26. Pietra, G.G., D'Amodio, M.D., Leventhal, M.M., Oh W., Braudo, J.L.: Electron microscopy of cutaneous capillaries of newborn infants: Effects of placental transfusion. Pediatrics 42:678-683, 1968.

27. Kunstadter, R.H., Cabana, E.C., Oh W.: Treatment of vassopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus with clorpropamide. Am. J. Dis. Child. 117:436-441, 1969.28. Keller, R., Dwyer, J.E., Oh W., D'Amodio, M.D.: Intestinal IgA neutralizing antibodies in

newborn infants following poliovirus immunization. Pediatrics 43:330-338, 1969.29. Oh W.: Intrauterine growth retardation. Yearbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1969, p. 264-274.

30. Hohenauer, L., Oh W.: Body composition in experimental intrauterine growth retardation in the rat. J.

Nutr. 99:23-26, 1969.31. Gabler, M., Oh W.: Nomogram for calculating caloric intake. Am. J. Nursing 70:816-817, 1970.

32. Hohenauer, L., Rosenberg, T.F., Oh W.: Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis on the first day of life.Biol. Neonate 15:49-56, 1970.

33. Tsang, R.C., Oh W.: Neonatal hypocalcemia in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 45:773-781, 1970.

34. Oh W., D'Amodio, M.D., Yap, L.L., Hohenauer, L.: Carbohydrate metabolism in experimental intrauterine growth retardation in rats. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 108:415-421, 1970.

16 116

35. Tsang, R.C., Oh W.: Serum magnesium level in low birth weight infants. Am. J. Dis. Child. 130:44-48,

of 153


1970.

36. Oh W., Arbit, J., Blonsky, E.R., Cassell, S.: Neurologic and psychometric follow-up study of

Rh- erythroblastotic infants requiring intrauterine blood transfusion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.

110:330-335,

1971.

37. Kafka, H.L., Oh W.: Direct and indirect blood pressure. A comparative study. Am. J. Dis.

Child.

122:426-428, 1971.

38. Keys, T.F., Hobel, C.J., Ritman, S., Oh W., Gitnick, G.L., Hewitt, W.L.: Maternal and neonatal

Autralia antigen. Cal. Med. 115:1-3, 1971.

39. Oh W., Guy, J.A.: Cellular growth in experimental intrauterine growth retardation in rats.

Nutrition

101:1631-1634, 1971.

40. Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M.A., Oh W.: Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns and fetal acid-base

balance in low birth weight infants in relation to respiratory distress syndrome. Obstet. &

Gynecol. 39:83-88, 1972.

41. Anthony, B.F., Giuliano, D.M., Oh W.: Nursery outbreak of staphylococcal scalded skin

syndrome. Am.

J. Dis. Child. 124:41-44, 1972.

42. Clements, J.A., Platker, A.C.G., Tierney, D.F., Hobel, C.J., Creasy, R.K., Margolis, A.J.,

Thibeault, D.W., Tooley, W.H., Oh W.: Assessment of the risk of the respiratory-distress

syndrome by a rapid test for surfactant in amniotic fluid. N. E. J. Med. 286:1077-1081, 1972.

43. Phelps, D.L., Lachman, R.S., Leake, R.D., Oh W.: The radiologic localization of the major

aortic tributaries in the newborn infant. J. Pediatr. 81:336-339, 1972.

44. Hobel, C.J., Oh W., Hyvarinen, M.A., Emmanouilides, G.C., Erenberg, A.: Early versus late

treatment of neonatal acidosis in low birth weight infants: Relation to respiratory distress

syndrome. J. Pediatr.

81:1178-1187, 1972.

45. Oh W., Karecki, H.: Phototherapy and insensible water loss in the newborn infant. Am. J. Dis.

Child.

124:230-232, 1972.

46. Oh W., Yao, A.C., Hanson, J.S., Lind, J.: Peripheral circulatory response to phototherapy in

newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 62:49-54, 1973.

47. Hyvarinen, M., Zeltzer, P., Oh W., Stiehm, E.R.: Influence of gestational age on serum levels

of alpha-1 fetoprotein, IgG globulin, and albumin in newborn infants. J. Pediatr. 82:430-437,

1973.

48. Territo, M., Finklestein, J., Oh W., Hobel, C., Kattlove, H.: Management of autoimmune

thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and in the neonate. Obstet. & Gynecol. 41:579-584, 1973.

49. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Erenberg, A., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Blood gas and pH changes during glucose

infusion in the fetal sheep. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 115:942-945, 1973.

50. Siegel, S.R., Phelps, D.L., Leake, R.D., Oh W.: The effects of rapid infusion of hypertonic

sodium bicarbonate in infants with respiratory distress. Pediatrics 51:651-654, 1973.

17 117

51. Leake, R.D., Williams, P.R., Oh W.: Validity of neonatal blood pressure obtained by the

manometric method. Pediatrics 52:293-296, 1973.

52. Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M.A., Okada, D.M., Oh W.: Prenatal and intrapartum high-risk

screening. I.

Prediction of high-risk neonate. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117:1-9, 1973.

53. Siegel, S.R., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Renal function and serum aldosterone levels in infants with

respiratory distress syndrome. J. Pediatr. 83:854-858, 1973.

54. Kwong, M.S., Loew, A.D., Anthony, B.F., Oh W.: The effect of hexachlorophene on

staphyloccal colonization rates in the newborn infant: A controlled study using a single-bath

method. J. Pediatr.

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82:982-986, 1973.

55. Erenberg, A., Omori, K., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: The effect of fetal thyroidectomy on thyroid

hormone metabolism in maternal and fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 7:870-877, 1973.

56. Sperling, M.A., Erenberg, A., Fiser, R.H., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Placental transfer of glucagon

in sheep.

Endocrinology 93:1435-1438, 1973.

57. Phelps, D.L., Oh W.: The respiratory distress syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. Kitasato

Medicine

3:221-229, 1973.

58. Siegel, S.R., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Serum aldosterone concentrations related to sodium balance

in the newborn infant. Pediatrics 53:410-416, 1974.

59. Leake, R.D., Schroeder, K.C., Benton, D.A., Oh W.: Soy-based formula in the treatment of

infantile diarrhea. Am. J. Dis. Child. 127:374-376, 1974.

60. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Erenberg, A., Sperling, M.A., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Insulin-glucagon substrate

interrelations in the fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 8:951-955, 1974.

61. Sperling, M.A., DeLamater, P.V., Phelps, D., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Spontaneous

and amino acid-stimulated glucagon secretion in the immediate postnatal period. Related to

glucose and insulin. J. Clin. Invest. 53:1159-1166, 1974.

62. Erenberg, A., Omori, K., Menkes, J.H., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Growth and development of the

thyroidectomized ovine fetus. Pediatr. Res. 8:783-789, 1974.

63. Williams, P.R., Oh W.: Effects of radiant warmer on insensible water loss in newborn infants.

Am. J. Dis.

Child. 128:511-514, 1974.

64. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Phelps, D.L., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Insulin-

glucagon substrate interrelationships in the neonatal sheep. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 120:944-

950, 1974.

65. DeLamater, P.V., Sperling, M.A., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Phelps, D.L., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Plasma

alanine: Relation to plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin in the neonate. J. Pediatr. 85:702-706,

1974.

66. Ferguson, A.C., Lawlor, G.J., Neumann, C.G., Oh W., Stiehm, E.R.: Decreased rosette-forming

lympocytes in malnutrition and intrauterine growth retardation. J. Pediatr. 85:717-723, 1974.

18 118

67. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Phelps, D., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Alanine

stimulation of the pancreatic -, and -Cell in the neonatal lamb. Biol. Neonate 25:171-175, 1974.

68. Yamauchi, T., St. Geme, J.W. Jr., Oh W., Davis, C.W.C.: The biological and biochemical

pathogenesis of mumps virus-induced embryonic growth retardation. Pediatr. Res. 9:30-34,

1974.

69. St. Geme, J.W. Jr., Bailey, S.R., Koopman, J.S., Oh W., Hobel, C.J., Imagawa, D.T.: Neonatal

risk following late gestational genital herpes virus hominis infection. Am. J. Dis. Child. 129:342-

343, 1975.

70. Oh W., Omori, K., Hobel, C.J., Erenberg, A., Emmanouilides, G.C.: Umbilical blood flow and

glucose uptake in lamb fetus following single umbilical artery ligation. Biol. Neonate 26:291-299,

1975.

71. Oh W., Omori, K., Emmanouilides, G.C., Phelps, D.L.: Placenta to lamb fetus transfusion in

utero during acute hypoxia. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122:316-322, 1975.

72. Asch, M.J., Sperling, M.A., Fiser, R.H., Leake, R.D., Moore, T.C., Oh W.: Metabolic and

hormonal studies comparing three parenteral nutrition regimens in infants. Ann. Surg. 182:62-65,

1975.

73. Williams, P.R., Fisher, R.H. Jr., Sperling, M.A., Oh W.: Effects of oral alanine feeding on blood

gluose, plasma glucagon and insulin concentrations in small-for-gestational-age infants. N. E. J.

Med. 292:612-

614, 1975.

74. Tsang, R.C., Gigger, M., Oh W., Brown, D.R.: Studies in calcium metabolism in infants with

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intrauterine growth retardation. J. Pediatr. 86:936-941, 1975.

75. Thibeault, D.W., Emmanouilides, G.C., Nelson, R.J., Lachman, R.S., Rosengart, R.M., Oh W.:

Patent ductus arteriosus complicating the respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. J.

Pediatr. 86:120-126,

1975.

76. Karotkin, E.H., Oh W.: Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of respiratory

distress syndrome. Rhode Island Med. J. 58:131-133, 1975.

77. Cashore, W.J., Karotkin, E.H., Stern, L., Oh W.: The lack of effect of phototherapy on serum

bilirubin- binding capacity in newborn infants. J. Pediatr. 87:977-980, 1975.

78. Cowett, R.M, Unsworth, E.J., Hakanson, D.O., Williams, J.R., Oh W.: Foam-stability test on

gastric aspirate and the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome. N. E. J. Med. 293:413-416,

1975.

79. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Williams, P.R., Fisher, D.A., DeLameter, P.V., Sperling, M.A., Oh W.: The

effect of oral alanine on blood glucose and glucagon in the human newborn infant. Pediatrics

56:78-81, 1975.

80. Oh W., Williams, P.R., Yao, A.C., Lind, J.: The effect of phototherapy on insensible water loss

and peripheral blood flow. Birth Defects: Original Article Series 12:114-121, 1976.

81. Siegel, S.R., Oh W.: Renal function as a marker of human fetal maturation. Acta Paediatr.

Scand. 65:481-

485, 1976.

82. Phelps, D.L., Omori, K., Oh W.: PAH clearance, sodium excretion, and PAH extraction ratio in

acidotic near-term lambs treated with hypertonic sodium bicarbonate. Biol. Neonate 28:57-64,

1976.

19 119

83. Leake, R.D., Loew, A.D., Oh W.: Retransfer of convalescent infants from newborn intensive

care to community intermediate care nurseries. Clin. Pediatr. 15:293-294, 1976.

84. Leake, R.D., Zakauddin, S., Trygstad, C.W., Fu, P., Oh W.: The effects of large volume

intravenous fluid infusion on neonatal renal function. J. Pediatr. 89:968-972, 1976.

85. Sack, J., Beaudry, M., DeLamater, P.V., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Umbilical cord cutting triggers

hypertriiodothyroninemia and nonshivering thermogenesis in the newborn lamb. Pediatr. Res.

10:169-175,

1976.

86. Karotkin, E.H., Kido, M., Redding, R., Cashore, W.J., Douglas, W., Stern, K., Oh W.: The

inhibition of pulmonary maturation in the fetal rabbit by maternal treatment with phenobarbital.

Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 124:529-531, 1976.

87. Cowett, R.M., Hakanson, D.O., Kocon, R.W., Oh W.: Untoward neonatal effect of intraamniotic

administration of methylene blue. Obstet. & Gynecol. 48:74-75, 1976.

88. Cowett, R.M., Peter, G., Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Reliability of bacterial culture of blood

obtained from an umbilical artery catheter. J. Pediatr. 88:1035-1036, 1976.

89. Oh W., Karotkin, E.H.: Surfactant formation: Pharmacologic considerations. Nineteenth Ross

Conference, Dorado Beach, Puerto Rico, December 10-12, 1976.

90. Leake, R.D., Trygstad, C.W., Oh W.: Inulin clearance in the newborn infant: Relationship to

gestational and postnatal age. Pediatr. Res. 10:759-762, 1976.

91. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Gastric aspirate foam stability test as an aid in the diagnosis of

respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr. Digest. 18:13-19, 1976.

92. Oh W.: Disorders of fluid and electrolytes in newborn infants. Pediatr. Clin. North America

23:601-609,

1976.

93. Karotkin, E.H., Kido, M., Cashore, W.J., Redding, R.A., Douglas, W.J., Stern, L., Oh W.:

Acceleration of fetal lung maturation by aminophylline in pregnant rabbits. Pediatr. Res. 10:722-

724, 1976.

94. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Fisher, D.A., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W.: Effects of fasting and

theophylline on alanine-stimulated glucagon secretion in neonatal and infant sheep. Am. J.

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Obstet. Gynecol. 124:421-424,1976.95. Kwong, M.S., Moore, T.C., Lemmi, C.A.E., Oh W., Thibeault, D.W.: Histidine decarboxylase

activity in fetal intrauterine growth-retarded rats. Pediatr. Res. 10:737-739, 1976.96. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Foam stability predictions of respiratory distress in infants delivered by repeat elective cesarean section. N. E. J. Med. 295:1222-1224, 1976.

97. Oh W.: Fluid and electrolyte management of low birth weight infants. Mead Johnson Symposium on

Perinatal and Developmental Medicine #9, Marco Island, Florida, December 6-8, 1976, p. 55-60.98. Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Necrotizing enterocolitis and hyperviscosity in the newborn infant. J. Pediatr.

90:458-461, 1977.

20 120

99. Cashore, W.J., Horwich, A., Karotkin, E.H., Oh W.: Influence of gestational age and clinical

status on bilirubin-binding capacity in newborn infants. Am. J. Dis. Child. 131:898-901, 1977.100. Vohr, B.R., Rosenfield, A.G., Oh W.: Umbilical hernia in the low-birth-weight infant (less than 1,500 gm). J. Pediatr. 90:807-808, 1977.

101. Ross, B.S., Peter, G., Dempsey, J.M., Oh W.: Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial epidemic in an intensive care nursery due to contaminated intravenous fluid. Am. J. Dis. Child. 131:712, 1977.

102. Chandler, B.D., Cashore, W.J., Monin, P.J.P., Oh W.: The lack of effects of phototherapy on neonatal oxygen dissociation curves and hemoglobin concentration in vivo. Pediatrics 59:1027-1031, 1977.

103. Monin, P.J.P., Cashore, W.J., Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Lack of effects of continuous positive airway pressure on vagal control of breathing in term and preterm newborn lambs. Pediatr. Res. 11:967-971,

1977.104. Oh W., Cowett, R.M., Clark, S., Biester, D.J.: Role of an educational program in the

regionalization of perinatal health care. Sem. Perinatol. 1:279-282, 1977.105. Oh W.: Considerations in neonates with intrauterine growth retardation. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 20:991-

1003, 1977.106. Ross, B.S., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Renal functions of low birth weight infants during the first two months of life. Pediatr. Res. 11:1162-1164, 1977.

107. Cowett, R.M., Peter, G., Hakanson, D.O., Stern, L., Oh W.: Prophylactic antibiotics in neonates with umbilical artery catheter placement. A prospective study of 137 patients. Yale J. Biol. Med. 50:457-463,

1977.108. Cashore, W.J., Horwich, A., Laterra, J., Oh W.: Effect of postnatal age and clinical status of

newborn infants on bilirubin-binding capacity. Biol. Neonate 32:304-309, 1977.109. Cashore, W.J., Monin, P.J.P., Oh W.: Serum bilirubin binding capacity and free bilirubin concentration: A comparison between Sephadex G-25 filtration and peroxidase oxidation

techniques. Pediatr. Res.12:195-198, 1978.110. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Thompson, D., King, K.C., Kahn, C.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.:

Glycohemoglobin (HbAIc): A predictor of birth weight in infants of diabetic mothers. J. Pediatr. 92:8-12,

1978.111. Ross, B.S., Pollak, A., Oh W.: The pharmacologic effects of furosemide therapy in the low birth weight infant. J. Pediatr. 92:149-152, 1978.

112. Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Plasma creatinine levels in low-birth-weight infants during the first three months of life. Pediatrics 61:788-789, 1978.113. Pollak, A., Cowett, R.M., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Glucose disposal in low-birth-weight infants

during steady-state hyperglycemia: Effects of exogenous insulin administration. Pediatrics

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61:546-549, 1978.114. Chandler, B.D., Kapoor, N., Barker, B.E., Boyle, R.J., Oh W.: Nitroblue tetrazolium test in neonates. J.

Pediatr. 92:638-640, 1978.

21 121

115. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Endogenous glucose production during

constant glucose infusion in the newborn lamb. Pediatr. Res. 12:853-857, 1978.116. Cowett, R.M., Lipsitt, L.P., Vohr, B., Oh W.: Aberrations in sucking behavior of low-

birthweight infants.Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 20:701-709, 1978.117. Boyle, R., Nelson, J.S., Stonestreet, B.S., Peter, G., Oh W.: Alterations in stool flora resulting

from oral kanamycin prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Pediatr. 93:857-861, 1978.118. Boyle, R., Chandler, B.D., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Early identification of sepsis in infants with respiratory distress. Pediatrics 62:744-750, 1978.

119. Boyle, R., Oh W.: Respiratory distress syndrome. Clin. Perinatol. 5:283-297, 1978.120. Cashore, W.J., Gartner, L.M., Oh W., Stern, L.: Clinical application of neonatal bilirubin-binding determinations: Current status. J. Pediatr. 93:827-833, 1978.

121. Boyle, R., Oh W.: Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in infants with persistent fetal circulation who are receiving tolazoline therapy. Pediatrics 62:605-607, 1978.

122. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Thompson, D., Kahn, C.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Haemoglobin AIc (Glycohaemoglobin) in diabetic pregnancy: An indicator of glucose control and fetal size. Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 85:812-817, 1978.

123. Oh W.: Management of metabolic disorders in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. PerinatalMedicine, P. 137-142, 1978.

124. Susa, J.B., Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Suppression of gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production by exogenous insulin administration in the newborn lamb.

Pediatr. Res. 13:594-598, 1979.125. Pollak, A., Susa, J.B., Stonestreet, B.S., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in experimental intrauterine growth retardation in rats. Pediatr. Res. 13:175-177,

1979.126. Vohr, B.R., Oh W., Rosenfield, A.G., Cowett, R.M.: The preterm small-for-gestational age infant: A two- year follow-up study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 133:425-431, 1979.

127. Kozuki, K., Oh W., Widness, J.A., Cashore, W.J.: Increase in bilirubin binding to albumin with correction of neonatal acidosis. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 68:213-217, 1979.128. Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Pollak, A., Schwartz, R., Stonestreet, B.S.: Glucose disposal of low

birth weight infants: Steady state hyperglycemia produced by constant intravenous glucose infusion. Pediatrics

63:389-396, 1979.129. Stonestreet, B.S., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Validity of endogenous creatinine clearance in low birthweight infants. Pediatr. Res. 13:1012-1014, 1979.

130. Lipsitt, L.P., Sturner, W.Q., Oh W., Barrett, J., Truex, R.C.: Wolff-Parkinson-White and Sudden InfantDealth Syndrome. N. E. J. Med. 300:1111, 1979.

22 122

131. Bell, E.F., Neidich, G.A., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Combined effect of radiant warmer and phototherapy on insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants. J. Pediatr. 94:810-813, 1979.

132. Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Fluid and electrolyte balance in very low birth weight infants. Clin. Perinatol. 6:139-

150, 1979.133. Siegel, S.R., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase

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in newborn rats with intrauterine growth retardation. Early Human Dev. 3:43-49, 1979.

134. Widness, J.A., Vohr, B., Oh W.: Infants of diabetic mothers: Current concepts. 78th Ross

Conference on

Pediatric Research. San Diego, California, 1979.

135. Warburton, D., Singer, D., Bell, E.F., Corwin, R., Oh W.: Anatomic confirmation of

echocardiographic measurements in neonatal hearts. Pediatrics 64:468-471, 1979.

136. Susa, J.B., McCormick, L.L., Widness, J.A., Singer, D.B., Oh W., Adamsons, K., Schwartz, R.:

Chronic hyperinsulinemia in the fetal rhesus monkey. Diabetes 28:1058-1063, 1979.

137. Bell, E.F., Weinstein, M., Oh W.: Intravenous fat emulsion in the parenteral nutrition of low

birth weight infants: Nutritional and metabolic effects. Liposyn Research Conference

Proceedings, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1979.

138. Bell, E.F., Warburton, D., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: High volume fluid intake predisposes

premature infants to necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet 2:90, 1979.

139. Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: A model for planning high risk infant "follow-up" studies. International

Workshop on the "At Risk Infant", Tel-Aviv, July 24-31, 1979 - Internataional Year of the Child.

Excerpta Medica.

140. Sturner, W.Q., Lipsitt, L.P., Oh W., Barrett, J., Truex, R.C.: Abnormal heart rate response

during newborn sucking behavior study: Subsequent sudden infant death syndrome with cardiac

conduction abnormality. For. Sci. Int. 16:201-212, 1980.

141. Boyle, R., Oh W.: Erythema following transcutaneous PO2 monitoring. Pediatrics 65:333-

334, 1980.

142. Oh W., Boyle, R.J.: Some aspects of diagnostic and management considerations of

respiratory distress syndrome. Proceedings of the 7th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine,

September 2-5, 1980, Barcelona, Spain.

143. Bell, E.F., Gray, J.C., Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: The effects of thermal environment on heat

balance and insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants. J. Pediatr. 96:452-459, 1980.

144. Stonestreet, B.S., Rubin, L., Pollak, A., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Renal functions of low birth

weight infants with hyperglycemia and glucosuria produced by glucose infusions. Pediatrics

66:561-567, 1980.

145. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Kahn, C.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glycohemoglobin in diabetic

pregnancy: A sequential study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 136:1024-1029, 1980.

146. Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Hyperviscosity in the small-for-gestational age infant. Biol.

Neonate 37:109-

112, 1980.

23 123

147. Vohr, B.R., Lipsitt, L.P., Oh W.: Somatic growth of children of diabetic mothers with

reference to birth size. J. Pediatr. 97:196-199, 1980.

148. Cowett, R.M., Czech, M.P., Susa, J.B., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Blunted muscle responsiveness

to insulin in the neonatal rat. Metabolism 29:563-567, 1980.

149. Cashore, W.J., Oh W., Blumberg, W.E., Eisinger, J., Lamola, A.A.: Rapid fluorometric assay of

bilirubin and bilirubin binding capacity in blood of jaundiced neonates: Comparisons with other

methods. Pediatrics 66:411-416, 1980.

150. Schanler, R.J., Oh W.: Composition of breast milk obtained from mothers of premature

infants as compared to breast milk obtained from donors. J. Pediatr. 96:679-681, 1980.

151. Warburton, D., Boyle, R., Keats, J.P., Vohr, B., Pueschel, S., Oh W.: Nonketotic

hyperglycinemia. Am. J.

Dis. Child. 134:273-275, 1980.

152. Oh W.: Fluid and electrolyte therapy in low birth weight infants. Pediatr. Rev. 1:313-314,

1980.

153. Bell, E.F., Warburton, D., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Effect of fluid administration of the

development of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure in premature

infants. N. E. J. Med.

302:598-604, 1980.

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154. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Warburton, D., Stonestreet, B.S., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates in the neonatal lamb. Pediatr. Res. 14:1391-1394, 1980.

155. Schwartz, H.C., Widness, J.A., Thompson, D., Tsuboi, K.K., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glycosylation and acetylation of hemoglobin in infants of normal and diabetic mothers. Biol. Neonate 38:71-75, 1980.

156. Zinner, S.H., Lee, Y.H., Rosner, B., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Factors affecting blood pressure in newborn infants. Hypertension 2:(Suppl. I) 99-101, 1980.

157. Hsieh, J. Y-K., Turcotte, J.G., Waraska, J., Warburton, D., Oh W.: High pressure liquid chromatography of standard and amniotic fluid phospholipids. J. HRC & CC 3:400-404, 1980.158. Leake, R.D., Chan, G.M., Zakauddin, S., Dodge, M.E., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Bier, D.M., Oh W.:

Glucose pertubation in experimental hyperviscosity. Pediatr. Res. 14:1320-1323, 1980.159. Bell, E.F., Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: Heat balance in premature infants: Comparative effects of convectively heated incubator and radiant warmer, with and without plastic heat shield. J. Pediatr.

96:460-465, 1980.

160. Warburton, D., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Pharmacokinetics and echocardiographic effects of digoxin in low birth weight infants with congestive heart failure due to patent ductus arteriosus. Dev. Pharm. & Ther. 1:189-

200, 1980.161. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Neonatal Equipment: Incubators, radiant warmer, and ventilators. Contemporary

Ob-Gyn, 33-37, 1980.162. Leake, R.D., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Oh W.: Rapid glucose disappearance in infants with infection.

Clin. Pediatr.20:397, 1981.

24 124

163. Warburton, D., Singer, D.B., Oh W.: Effects of acidosis on the activity of creatinine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in the serum of newborn infants. Pediatrics 68:195-197, 1981.164. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Zeller, P.W., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glycohemoglobin in

postpartum women. Obstet. & Gynecol. 57:414-421, 1981.165. Widness, J.A., Susa, J.B., Garcia, J.F., Singer, D.B., Sehgal, P., Oh W., Schwartz, R., Schwartz, H.C.: Increased erythropoiesis and elevated erythropoietin in infants born to diabetic

mothers and in hyperinsulinemic Rhesus fetuses. J. Clin. Invest. 67:637-642, 1981.166. Cashore, W.J., Peter, G., Lauermann, M., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Clostridia colonization and clostridial toxin in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Pediatr. 98:308-311, 1981.

167. Creswell, J.W., Warburton, D., Susa, J.B., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Hyperviscosity in the newborn lamb produces pertubation in glucose homeostasis. Pediatr. Res. 15:1348-1350, 1981.

168. Laptook, A.R., Oh W.: Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in the newborn period. Crit. Care Med.9:759-760, 1981.

169. Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: Oxygen consumption in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J. Pediatr.99:958-961, 1981.

170. Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Unbound bilirubin and kernicterus in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 69:481-

485, 1982.171. Vohr, B.R., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am. J. Dis. Child. 136:443-447,

1982.172. Vileisis, R., Fain, J., Oh W.: Fatty acid synthesis in rat fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation.

Metabolism 31:217-222, 1982.

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173. Vileisis, R.A., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Glycemic response to lipid infusion in the premature neonate. J.Pediatr. 100:108-112, 1982.

174. Laptook, A.R., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Autoregulation of brain blood flow in the newborn piglet: Regional differences in flow reduction during hypotension. Early Human Dev. 6:99-107, 1982.

175. Laptook, A.R., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: The effect of different rates of plasmanate infusion upon brain blood flow after asphyxia and hypotension in newborn piglets. J. Pediatr. 100:791-

796, 1982.176. Rosenkrantz, T.S., Oh W.: Cerebral blood flow velocity in infants with polycythemia and hyperviscosity: Effects of partial exchange transfusion with Plasmanate. J. Pediatr. 101:94-98,

1982.177. Stonestreet, B.S., Laptook, A.R., Schanler, R., Oh W.: Hemodynamic responses to asphyxia in spontaneously breathing newborn term and premature lambs. Early Human Dev. 7:81-97,

1982.178. Cashore, W.J., Oh W., Brodersen, R.: Bilirubin displacing effect of furosemide and

sulfisoxazole: An in vitro and in vivo study in neonatal serum. Devel. Pharmacol. Ther. 6:230-238, 1983.179. Laptook, A.R., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Brain blood flow and O2 delivery during

hemorrhagic hypotension in the piglet. Pediatr. Res. 17:77-80, 1983.

25 125

180. Stonestreet, B.S., Bell, E.F., Warburton, D., Oh W.: Renal response in low-birth-weight

neonates. Results of prolonged intake of two different amounts of fluid and sodium. Am. J. Dis. Child. 137:215-219, 1983.181. Oh W., Schanler, R.J.: The role of intravenous fat emulsion in parenteral nutrition of very

low birth weight infants. Proceedings of Abbott Symposia, Washington, D.C., 1983.182. Vileisis, R.A., Oh W.: Effect of increased substrate availability on fatty acid synthesis in the

growth retarded fetus. Metabolism 32:90-94, 1983.183. Vileisis, R.A., Oh W.: Enhanced fatty acid synthesis in hyperinsulinemic rat fetuses. J. Nutr. 113:246-252,

1983.184. Warburton, D., Bell, E.F., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Echocardiographic effects of high and low volumes of maintenance fluid administration in low birth weight infants. Dev. Pharmacol.

Thera. 6:45-54, 1983.185. Cashore, W.J., Oh W., Brodersen, R.: Reserve albumin and bilirubin toxicity index in infant serum. Acta

Paediatr. Scand. 72:415-420, 1983.186. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Kahn, C.B., Giletti, B.,Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glucose kinetics in non-

diabetic and diabetic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 146:773-780, 1983.187. Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Persistent glucose production during glucose infusion in

the neonate.J. Clin. Invest. 71:467-475, 1983.188. Creswell, J.S., Susa, J.B., Cowett, R.M., Tenenbaum, D.G., Oh W.: Post-hepatic insulin

secretion in the fetal lamb. Pediatr. Res. 17:758-762, 1983.189. Bratlid, D., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Effect of serum hyperosmolality on opening of blood-brain

barrier for bilirubin in rat brain. Pediatrics 71:909-912, 1983.190. Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S., Rosenkrantz, T.S., Oh W.: The validity of Doppler measurements of anterior artery blood flow velocity: Correlation with brain blood flow in piglets.

Pediatrics 72:526-53l,1983.191. Stonestreet, B.S., Nowicki, P.T., Hansen, N.B., Petit, R., Oh W.: The effect of Aminophylline

on brain blood flow in the newborn piglet. Devel. Pharm. Thera. 6:248-258, 1983.

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192. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Giletti, B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glucose kinetics in infants of diabetic mothers.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 146:781-786, 1983.

193. Bell, E.F., Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: Effects of intravenously administered safflower oil emulsion on respiratory gas exchange in low-birth-weight infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2:517-520, 1983.

194. Laptook, A.R., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: The effect of carotid artery ligation on brain blood flow in newborn piglets. Brain Res 276:51-54, 1983.

195. Oh W.: Heading off problems in the IUGR neonate. Contemporary Ob/Gyn 21(4):177-185, 1983.

26 126

196. Tenenbaum, D.G., Piasecki, G.J., Oh W., Rosenkrantz, T.S., Jackson, B.T.: Fetal polycythemia and hyperviscosity: Effect on umbilical blood flow and fetal oxygen consumption. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.

147:No.1, 48, 1983.197. Vileisis, R.A., Oh W.: Metabolic consequences of Intrauterine growth retardation. J. Pediatr.Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2(Suppl. 1):S59-S67, 1983.

198. Stonestreet, B.S., Hansen, N.B., Laptook, A.R., Oh W.: Glucocorticoid accelerates renal functional maturation in fetal lambs. Early Human Dev. 8:331-341, 1983.

199. Widness, J. A., Goldman, A.S., Susa, J. B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Impermeability of the rat placenta to insulin during mid-organogenesis. Teratology. 28:327-332, 1983.200. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glucose kinetics in glucose infused small for

gestational age infants. Pediatr. Res. 18:74-79, 1983.201. Hansen, N.B., Oh W., LaRochelle, F., Stonestreet, B.S.: Effects of maternal Ritodrine administration on neonatal renal function. J. Pediatr. 103:774-780, 1983.

202. Nowicki, P.T., Stonestreet, B.S., Hansen, N.B., Yao, A.C., Oh W.: Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygenation in awake newborn piglets: Effect of feeding. Am. J. Physiol. 245:G697-702,

1983.203. Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Water requirements for premature newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. Scand. Suppl.

305:21, 1983.204. Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Growth and development of preterm small for gestational age infants. J. Pediatr. 103,

941-45, 1983.205. Widness, J.A., Clemons, G.K., Garcia, J.F., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Increased immunoreactive erythropoietin in cord serum after labor. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 148:194-197, 1984.

206. Nowicki, P.T., Hansen, N.B., Oh W., Stonestreet, B.S.: Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption in the newborn lamb: Effect of chronic anemia and acute hypoxia. Pediatr.

Res. 18:420-425,1984.207. Walker, D-J.B., Feldman, A., Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Cost benefit analysis of neonatal intensive

care for infants weighing less than 1000 grams at birth. Pediatrics 74:20-25, 1984.208. Rosenkrantz, T.S., Oh W.: Aminophylline reduced cerebral blood flow velocity in low birth weight infants. Am J Dis Child 138:489-491, 1984.

209. Rosenkrantz, T.S., Stonestreet, B.S., Hansen, N.B., Nowicki, P., Oh W.: Cerebral blood flow in the newborn lamb with polycythemia and hyperviscosity. J. Pediatr. 104:276-280, l984.

210. Bratlid, D., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Effect of acidosis on bilirubin deposition in rat brain. Pediatrics73:431-434, 1984.

211. Hansen, N.B., Brubakk, A.M., Oh W., Stonestreet, B.S.: The effect of variations in PaCO2 on brain blood flow and cardiac output in the newborn piglet. Pediatr. Res. 18:1132-1136, 1984.

27 127

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212. Nowicki, P.T., Oh W., Yao, A.C., Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S.: The effect of polycythemia on gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygenation in piglets. Am. J. Physiol. 247:G220-G225, 1984.213. Stonestreet, B.S., Laptook, A.R., Siegel, S.R., Oh W.: The renal response to acute asphyxia

in spontaneously breathing newborn lambs. Early Hum. Dev. 9:347-361, 1984.214. Brubakk, A.M., Bratlid, D., Oh W., Yao, A.C., Stonestreet, B.S.: Atropine prevents increases in brain blood flow during hypertension in newborn piglets. Pediatr. Res. 18:1121-1126, 1984.

215. Levine, L., Coll, C.T.G., and Oh W.: Determinants of mother-infant interaction in adolescent mothers.

Pediatrics 75:23-29, 1985.216. Nowicki, P.T., Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S., Yao, A.C., Oh W.: Effect of blood volume expansion on gastrointestinal oxygenation in piglets. Pediatr Res 19:268-271, 1985.

217. Walker, D.J., Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Economic analysis of regionalized neonatal care for low birth weight infants in the State of Rhode Island. Pediatrics 76:69-74, 1985.218. Schanler, R.J., Oh W.: Nitrogen and mineral balance in preterm infants fed human milks or

formula. J.Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 4:214-219, 1985.

219. Cowett, R.M., Tenenbaum, D.G., Fatoba, I.O., Oh W.: The effects of aterial glucose infusion above the celiac axis in the neonatal lamb. Biol Neonate. 47:179-185, 1985.220. Widness J.A., Teramo, K.A., Clemons, G.K., Coustan, D.R., Cavalieri, R.L., Oh W., Welch,

G.P., Schwartz, R.: Correlation of the interpretation of fetal heart rate records with cord plasma erythropoietin levels. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92:326-332, 1985.221. Szabo, J.S., Hillemeier, A.C, Oh W.: The effect of non-nutritive and nutritive suck on gastric

emptying in premature infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4:348-351, 1985.222. Zinner, S.H., Rosner, B., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Significance of blood pressure in infancy:

Familial aggregation and predictive effect on later blood pressure. Hypertension 7:411-416, 1985.223. Burgess GH, Stonestreet BS, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Brain bilirubin deposition and brain blood

flow during acute urea-induced hyperosmolality in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 19:537-542, 1985.224. Burgess GH, Oh W, Bratlid D, Brubakk AM, Cashore WJ, Stonestreet BS: The effects of

brain blood flow on brain bilirubin deposition in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 19:691-696, 1985.225. Weinstein MR, Bell EF, Oh W: Energy intake norepinephrine excretion and oxygen consumption in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4:774-777, 1985.

226. Widness JA, Cowett RM, Coustan DR, Carpenter MW, Oh W: Neonatal morbidities in infants of mothers with glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Diabetes 34 (Suppl 2) 61-65, 1985.

227. Szabo JS, Stonestreet BS, Oh W: Effects of hypoxemia on gastrointestinal blood flow and gastric emptying in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 19:466-471, 1985.228. Iwamoto HS, Oh W, Rudolph AM: Renal metabolism in fetal and newborn sheep. Pediatr Res

19:641-644, 1985.

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229. Oh W: Neonatology. JAMA 254(16):2291-2293, 1985.230. Catlin EA, Cha C-JM, Oh W: Postnatal growth and fatty acid synthesis in insulin-induced macrosomic rat pups. Metabolism 34(12):1110-1114, 1985.

231. Vohr BR, Oh W: Age of DTP immunization of special care nursery graduates. Pediatrics 77(4):569-571,

1986.232. Fatoba IO, Cha C-JM, Oh W: The effect of respiratory acidosis on glucose homeostasis in experimental intrauterine growth retardation in rats. Early Human Dev 13:107-114, 1986.

233. Coustan DR, Widness JA, Carpenter MW, Rotondo L, Pratt DC, Oh W: Should the fifty-gram, one-hour plasma glucose screening test for gestational diabetes be administered in the fasting or fed state? Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:1031-1035, 1986.

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234. Garcia Coll A, Vohr BR, Hoffman J, Oh W: Maternal and environmental factors affecting developmental outcome of infants of adolescent mothers. J Dev Behav Pediatr 7:230-236, 1986.235. Cha C-JM, Oh W: Growth and fatty acid metabolism in experimental intrauterine growth

retardation: Effect of postnatal nutrition. J Nutr 116:1080-1087, 1986.236. Cowett RM, Coustan DR, Oh W: Effects of maternal transport on admission patterns at a tertiary care center. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:1098-1100, 1986.

237. Mayfield SR, Stonestreet BS, Brubakk AM, Shaul PW, Oh W: Regional blood flow in newborn piglets during environmental cold stress. Am J Physiology. Am J Physiol 251 (Gastrointest Liver

Physiol14):G308- G313, 1986.238. Catlin EA, Carpenter MW, Brann BS IV, Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, Goldstein M, Oh W: The

Apgar score revisited: Influence of gestational age. J Pediatr 109:865-868, 1986.239. Brubakk AM, Bratlid D, Stonestreet BS, Oh W: Prolonged hypercarbia in the awake newborn piglet: Effect on the brain blood flow and cardiac output. Pediatr Res 21:29-33, 1986.

240. Cha C-JM, Gelardi NL, Oh W: Accelerated growth and abnormal glucose tolerance in young female rats exposed to fetal hyperinsulinemia. Pediatr Res 21:83-87, 1987.

241. Szabo JS, Mayfield SR, Stonestreet BS, Oh W: Postprandial gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption: Effects of hypoxemia in neonatal piglets. Pediatr Res 21:93-98, 1987.242. Garcia Coll C, Hoffman J, Oh W: The social ecology and early parenting of caucasian

adolescent mothers.Child Development 58:955-963, 1987.243. Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Anemia blunts the homeothermic response to

environmental cold stress in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 21:482-486, 1987.244. Brann BS, Stonestreet BS, Cashore WJ, Oh W: The in vivo effect of bilirubin and

sulfisoxazole on cerebral oxygen, glucose, and lactate metabolism in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 22:135-140, 1987.

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245. Oh W: Pathophysiology of polycythemia in infants of diabetic mothers, in Gabbe SG, Oh W(eds): Infant of the Diabetic Mother, Report of the Ninety-Third Ross Conference on Pediatric Research. Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories, 133-141, 1987.

246. Garcia Coll C, Hoffman J, Van Houten LJ, Oh W: The social context of teenage childbearing: Effects on the infant's care-giving environment. J Youth and Adolescence 16:345-360, 1987.247. Cha C-JM, Gelardi NL, Oh W: Growth and cellular composition in rats with intrauterine

growth retardation: Effects of postnatal nutrition. J Nutr 117:1463-1468, 1987.248. Karplus M, Lee C, Cashore WJ, Oh W: The effects of brain bilirubin deposition on auditory brain stem evoked responses in rats. Early Human Dev 16:185-194, 1988.

249. Garcia Coll C, Emmons L, Vohr BR, Monds Ward A, Brann BS, Shaul PW, Mayfield SR, Oh W: Behavioral responsiveness in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Pediatrics

81(3):412-418, 1988.250. Vohr BR, Chen A, Coll CG, Oh W: Mothers of preterm and full term infants on home apnea monitors.

Am J Dis Child 142:229-231, 1988.251. Mullen MK, Coll, CG, Vohr BR, Muriel AC, Oh W: Mother-infant feeding interaction in full-term small- for-gestational-age infants. J Pediatr 112:143-148, 1988.

252. Vohr BR, Garcia Coll C, Oh W: Language development at 2 years of age in low birth weight infants.

Devel Med and Child Neurol 30:608-615, 1988.253. Cowett RM, Andersen GE, Maguire C, Oh W: Ontogeny of glucose kinetics in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 112:462-465, 1988.

254. Oh W, Gelardi NL, Cha C-J: Maternal hyperglycemia in pregnant rats: Its effect on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in the offspring. Metabolism 37:1146-1151, 1988.255. Roberts JD, Oh W: Pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the guinea pig: The effect of indomethacin.

Dev

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Pharmacol Ther 12 (2) 106-112, 1988.256. Goldstein M, Stonestreet BS, Brann BS, Oh W: Cerebral cortical blood flow and oxygen metabolism in normocythemic hyperviscious newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 24:486-489, 1988.

257. Mayfield SR, Oh W, Piva DL, Stonestreet BS: Post-prandial gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption during environmental cold stress. Am J Physiol 256 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 19):G364- G368, 1989.

258. Stonestreet BS, Ogburn PL, Goldstein M, Oh W, Widness JA: Effects of chronic fetal hyperinsulinemia on plasma arachidonic acid and prostaglandin concentrations. Am J Obstet

Gynecol 161:894-899, 1989.259. Lee C, Oh W, Stonestreet BS, Cashore WJ: Permeability of the blood brain barrier for 125 I-albumin bound bilirubin in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 25(5):452-456, 1989.

260. Mayfield SR, Stonestreet BS, Shaul PW, Brubakk A-M, Susa J, Oh W: Plasma catecholamine concentration of newborn piglets in the thermoneutral and cold environments. J Dev Physiol 11:331-334,

1989.

30 130

261. Anderson LT, Coll CG, Vohr BR, Emmons L, Brann BS, Shaul PW, Mayfield SR, Oh W:

Behavioral characteristics and early temperament of premature infants with intracranial hemmorrhage. Early Hum Dev 18:273-283, 1989.

262. Shaul PW, Cha C-J, Oh W: Neonatal sympathoadrenal response to acute hypoxia: Impairment following experimental intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr Res 25:466-472, 1989.

263. Maynard EC, Oh W: Topical nitroglycerin ointment as an aid to insertion of peripheral venous catheters in neonates. J Pediatr 114:474-476, 1989.264. Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen

delivery during environmental cold stress: Effect of anemia. J Devel Physiol 12, 219-223, 1989.265. Lin HC, Maguire C, Oh W, Cowett RM: Accuracy and reliability of glucose reflectance

meters in the high risk neonate. J Pediatr, 1989 115:998-1999, 1989.266. Vohr BR, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W: Language and neurodevelopmental outcome of low birthweight infants at three years. Devel Med and Child Neurol 31:582-590, 1989.

267. Vohr BR, Garcia-Coll C, Mayfield SR, Brann BS IV, Shaul PW, Oh W: Neurologic and developmental status related to the evolution of visual motor abnormalities from birth to 2 years of age in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). J Pediatr 115:296-302, 1989.

268. Vohr BR, Lester B, Rapisardi G, O'Dea C, Brown L, Peuker M, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Abnormal brain-stem function (brain-stem auditory evoked response) correlates with acoustic cry features in term infants with hyperbilirubinemia. J Pediatr 115:303-308, 1989.

269. Yunis KA, Oh W: Effects of intravenous glucose loading on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and resting energy expenditure in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J

Pediatr 115:127-132, 1989.270. Stonestreet BS, Goldstein M, Oh W, Widness JA: Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on

erythropoiesis in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol 257:R1199-R1204, 1989.271. Malone TA, Stonestreet BS, Goddard M, Oh W: Hemodynamic changes in a newborn piglet model of patent ductus arteriosus. Am J Perinatol 7(20):184-188, 1990.

272. Maynard EC, Indacochea F, Peter G, Oh W: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcome in intravenous drug users: Excess prematurity in HIV-infected infants. Am J

Dis Child144:1181-1183, 1990.273. Calvert SA, Widness JA, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: The effects of acute uterine ischemia on

fetal circulation.Pediatr Res 27:552-556, 1990.274. Gelardi NL, Cha C-J M, Oh W: Glucose metabolism in adipocytes of obese offsprings of mild

hyperglycemic rats. Pediatr Res 28:641-645, 1990.

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275. Vohr BR, Karp D, O'Dea C, Darrow D, Coll CG, Lester BM, Brown L, Oh W, Cashore WJ: Behavioral changes correlated with brainstem auditory evoked responses in term infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia. J Pediatr 1990;117:288-91.

31 131

276. Soll RF, Hoekstra RE, Fangman JJ, et al: Multicenter trial of single dose survanta for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Pediatrics 85:1092-1102, 1990.

277. Gelardi NL, Cha C-J, Oh W: Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in obese offspring of diabetic rats by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Pediatr Res 30:40-44, 1991.

278. Oh W, Cha C-J M, Gelardi NL: The cross generation effect of neonatal macrosomia in rat pups of streptozotocin induced diabetes. Pediatr Res 29:606-610, 1991.279. Monin P, Stonestreet BS, Oh W: Hyperventilation restores autoregulation of cerebral blood

flow in postictal piglets. Pediatr Res 30:294-298, 1991.280. Ju SH, Lester B, Garcia Coll C, Oh W, Vohr BR: Maternal perceptions of the sleep patterns of premature infants at 7 months corrected age compared to full term infants. Infant Mental

Health Journal1991;12(4):338-346.281. Gruppuso PA, Curran TR, Mead JE, Fausto N, Oh W: Fetal growth factors as determinants of

intrauterine growth. Diabetes 40(Suppl. 2):51-55, 1991.282. Maynard EC, Amoruso LP, Oh W: Meconium for drug testing. Am J Dis Child 145:650-652,

1991.283. Vohr BR, Coll CG, Lobato D, Watson JE, Yunis KA, O'Dea C, Gels D, Song GE, Oh W: Neurodevelopmental and medical status of low birth weight (LBW) survivors of

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 10 to 12 years of age. Develop Med and Child Neurol 1991, 33, 690-697.284. Ment LR, Oh W, Philip AGS, Ehrenkranz RA, Duncan CC, Allan W, Taylor KJW, Schneider K,

Katz C, Makuch RW: Risk factors for early intraventricular hemorrhage in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr

1992;121:776-83.285. Malone TA, Stonestreet BS, Goddard M, Sicard R, Signore A, Werner JC, Oh W: Atrial natriuretic peptide in newborn piglets with a patent ductus arteriosus. Devel Pharmacol Therap

1992;19:155-160.286. Garcia Coll C, Halpern LF, Vohr BR, Seifer, Oh W: Stability and correlates of early temperament in preterm and full-term infants. Infant Behavior and Development 15:137-153,

1992.287. Barefield ES, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Group B streptococcus induced metabolic acidosis in newborn swine: Regional oxygen transport and lactate flux. J Appl Physiol 72(1):272-277, 1992.

288. Werner JC, Sicard RE, Hansen TW, Solomon E, Cowett RM, Oh W: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with dexamethasone therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J

Pediatr 1992;120:286-291.289. Vohr BR, Garcia Coll C, Flanagan P, Oh W: Effects of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and socioeconomic status (SES) on perceptual, cognitive and neurologic status of low birth weight

(LBW) infants at 5 years of age. J Pediatr 121;(2):280-285, 1992.290. Hansen TWR, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Changes in piglet auditory brainstem response amplitudes without increases in serum or cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase. Pediatr Res 32:524-

529, 1992.291. Yunis KA, Oh W, Kalhan S, Cowett RM: Glucose kinetics following administration of

intravenous fat emulsion to the low birth weight neonate. Am J Physiol 263 (Endocrino.Metab.26):E844-E849, 1992.

32 132

292. Hansen TWR, Maynard EC, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Endotoxemia and brain bilirubin. Biol Neonate

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63(3)171-176, 1993.293. Oh W, Boivin P, Puleo F, Thaute LA: Surfactant replacement therapy for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Hosp Formul 28:49-62, 1993.

294. Coyle MG, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Effects of indomethacin on brain blood flow and cerebral metabolism in hypoxic newborn piglets. Am J Physiol 1993;264(1 Pt 2):H141-9.295. Hansen TWR, Wallach M, Dey AN, Boivin P, Vohr BR, Oh W: Prognostic value of clinical and

radiological status on day 28 of life for subsequent course in very low birthweight (<1500 g) babies with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatric Pulmonology (15)327-331, 1993.

296. Horbar JD, Wright LL, Soll RF, twelve other authors including Oh W: A multicenter randomized trial comparing two surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr

1993;123:757-66.297. Chen S-J, Vohr BR, Oh W: Effects of birth order, intrauterine growth retardation and gender on the outcome of very low birth weight twins. J Pediatr 1993;123:132-6.

298. Bauer K, Cowett RM, Howard GM, vanEpp J, Oh W: Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on postnatal weight change in preterm infants. J Pediatr 123;301-306, 1993.

299. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Philip AGS, Schneider K, Katz K, Taylor KJW, Duncan CC, Makuch RW: Risk period for intraventricular hemorrhage of the preterm neonate is independent of gestational age. Sem Perinatol 1993;17:338-341.

300. Bier JB, Ferguson A, Cho C, Oh W, Vohr BR: The oral motor development of low birth weight (LBW)infants who had orotracheal intubation during the neonatal period. Am J Dis Child 147:858-862,

1993.301. Sung I-K, Vohr B, Oh W: Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight

infants with intrauterine growth retardation: Comparison with birth weight and gestation-matched controls. J Pediatr1993;123:618-624.

302. Bier JB, Ferguson A, Anderson L, Solomon E, Voltas C, Oh W, and Vohr BR: Breast feeding of very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1993;123:773-8.303. Curran TR, Bahner RI, Oh W and Gruppuso PA: Mitogen-independent DNA synthesis by fetal

rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Experimental Cell Research 209, 53-57, 1993.304. Lester BM, Cucca J, Andreozzi L, Flanagan P, and Oh W: Possible association between fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac) and colic in an infant: A case study. J Am Acad Child

Adolescent Psychiatry1993;32(6)1253-1255.

305. Bier JB, Pezzulo J, Kim E, Oh W, Coll CG, Vohr BR: Outcome of extremely low birth weight infants;1980 to 1990. Acta Paediatr 83: 1244-8, 1994.

306. Brann BS IV, Mayfield SR, Goldstein M, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Cardiovascular effects of hypoxia/hypercarbia and tension pneumothorax in newborn piglets. Critical Care Med 1994;22:1453-

1460.

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307. Meyer EC, Garcia Coll CT, Lester BM, Boukydis CF, McDonough SM, Oh W: Family-based

intervention with preterm infants improves maternal psychological well-being and feeding interaction. Pediatrics

1994;93:241-246.308. Berns SD, Linakis JG, Lewander WJ, Alario AJ, Oh W: Appropriate use of a pediatric emergency department: Is the pediatrician called before the visit? Pediatr Emerg Care 1994;10

(1):13-16.309. Bauer K, Cowett RM, Oh W: Postnatal solid accretion in preterm infants is similar to that reported in utero, but may be overestimated by energy balance techniques. Sem Perinatol 18(1),

1994:11-14.

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310. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrendranz RA, Philip AGS, Vohr BR, Allan W, Duncan CC, Scott DT, Taylor KJW, Katz KH, Schneider KC, Makuch RW: Low dose indomethacin and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage: A multicenter randomized trial. Pediatrics 1994, 93:543-550.

311. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrendranz RA, Philip AGS, Vohr BR, Allan W, Makuch RW, Taylor KJW, Schneider KC, Katz KH, Scott DT, Duncan CC: Low dose indomethacin and extension of intraventricular hemorrhage: A multicenter randomized trial. J Pediatr 1994;124:951-5.

312. Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Wright LL, Wright EC, Poland RL, Bauer CR, Tyson JE, Philips JB, Edwards W, Lucey JF, Catz CS, Shankaran S, Oh W. A controlled trial of intravenous immune

globulin to reduce nosocomial infections in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med1994;330:1107-1113.313. Stevenson DK, Vreman HJ, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Lemons JA, Verter J, Shankaran

S, Tyson JE, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ, Papile LA, Okah F, Ehrenkranz RA for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Bilirubin production in healthy term infants as measured by carbon monoxide in breath. Clin Chem 1994;40:1934-1939.

314. Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Lemons JA, Wright EC, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ, Papile LA, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA

for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Semiportable electrochemical instrument for determining carbon monoxide in breath. Clin Chem 1994;40:1927-1933.315. Meyer EC, Garcia Coll CT, Seifer R, Ramos A, Kilis E and Oh W: Maternal psychological

distress in theNeonatal Intensive Care Unit. 1994 (Submitted for Publication).316. Alemany CA, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Effects of endothelium-derived relaxing factor on the

postprandial hyperemia in young piglets. Am J of Physiol 1994 (Submitted for Publication).317. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Philip AGS, Duncan CC, Katz KH, Schneider K, Makuch RW:

Antenatal steroids, delivery mode and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Am J Ob Gyn1995;172:795-800.

318. Lee C, Stonestreet BS, Oh W, Outerbridge EW, Cashore WJ: Postnatal maturation of the blood brain barrier for unbound bilirubin in newborn piglets. Brain Res 1995 (Accepted for Publication).

319. Partyka CM, Gruppuso PA, Rifai A, Oh W, and Reddy GS: Lack of production and growth-modulating effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. Biol Neonate 1995;67:194-202.

320. Lester BM, Boukydis CFZ, Coll CG, four other authors and Oh W: Developmental outcome as a function of the goodness of fit between the infant's cry characteristics and the mother's

perception of her infant's cry. Pediatrics 1995;95:516-521.

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321. Porcelli PJ, Oh W: Effects of single dose calcium gluconate infusion in hypocalcemic

premature infants.Am J Perinatol 1995;12(1):18-21.322. Stevenson DK, Hendrik VJ, Oh W, and twelve other authors: Bilirubin production in well

term infants as measured by breath carbon monoxide. (Submitted for Publication).323. McDonald KL, Hansen K, Singer DB, Oh W, Adelson JW: Gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat: Relationship to necrotizing enterocolitis. (Submitted for

Publication).324. McGrath MM, Boukydis CFZ, Lester BM, Sullivan MC, Oh W: The association between

repeated neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) and general cognitive index scores in 4-year-old term and preterm infants. (Submitted for Publication).325. Kim CR, Vohr BR, Oh W: Effects of maternal preeclampsia on brainstem auditory evoked

response(BAER) in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1995;127(1):123-127.326. Coyle MG, Oh W, Petersson KH, Stonestreet BS. Effects of indomethacin on brain blood flow, cerebral metabolism, and sagittal sinus prostanoids after hypoxia. Am J Physiol 1995;269(4

Pt 2):H1450-9.

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327. Tallo CP, Vohr BR, Oh W, Rubin LP, Seifer DB, Haning RV: Maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). J Pediatr 1995;127:794-800.328. Porcelli PJ, Oh W: Effects of single dose calcium gluconate infusion in hypocalcemic premature infants.Am J Perinatol 1995; 12(1):18-21.329. Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Younes

N, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Oh W, Lemons JA, Papile LA. Very low birthweight outcomes of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network, May 1991-December 1992. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:1423-1431.330. Kim CR, Vohr BR, Oh W: Effects of Maternal Hypertension in Very Low Birth Weight

Infants. ArchPediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:686-691.331. Garcia Coll CT, Halpern LF, Seifer R, et al and Oh W: Behavioral intervention and post-natal

growth in full term intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) infants. Early Human Development 1996;46:105-106.

332. Napiorkowski B, Lester BM, Freier MC and three other authors and Oh W: Effects of In Utero SubstanceExposure on Infant Neurobehavior. PEDIATRICS 1996;98:71-75.

333. Ment LR, Vohr BR, Oh W and eight other authors: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 36 Months CorrectedAge of Preterm Infants in the Multicenter Indomethacin IVH Prevention Trial. PEDIATRICS

1996;98:714-718

334. Meyer EC, Kennally KF, Zika-Beres E, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Attitudes about Sibling Visitation in theNeonatal Intensive Care Unit. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:1021-1026.

335. Ment LR, Vohr B, Oh W et al. Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 36 Months’ Corrected Age of PretermInfants in the Multicenter Indomethacin Intraventricular Hemorrhage Prevention Trial. Pediatrics1996;98:714-718.

35 135

336. Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Oh W, Stevenson DK, Ehrenkranz RA, Papile LA, Verter J, Wright LL. Late-onset sepsis in very low birthweight neonates: A report from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1996;129:63-71.

337. Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Oh W, Stevenson DK, Ehrenkranz RA, Papile LA, Verter J, Wright LL. Early-onset sepsis in very low birthweight neonates: A report from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1996;129:72-80.338. Vreman HJ, Verter J, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Lemons JA, Shankaran S, Tyson JE,

Korones SB, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ, Papile LA, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Stevenson DK for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Interlaboratory variability of bilirubin measurements. Clin Chem 1996;42:869-873.

339. Kim CR, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Magnesium is a cerebrovasodilator in newborn piglets. Am J Physiol

1997;272(1 Pt 2):H511-6.340. Alemany CA, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on mesenteric perfusion in young pigs. Am J Physiol 1997;272(3 Pt 1):G612-6.

341. Farrag HM, Nawrath LM, Healey JE, Dorcus EJ, Rapoza RE, Oh W, Cowett RM. Persistent glucose production and greater peripheral sensitivity to insulin in the neonate vs. the adult. Am J Physiol

1997;272(1 Pt 1):E86-93.

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342. Perreault T, Askin DF, Liston R, McCourt C, Oh W et al. Pain in the Neonate. Paediatr Child Health1997;2 (3): 201-209.

343. Chen HN, Dennehy PH, Oh W, Lee CN, Huang ML, Tsao LY. Outbreak and control of a rotaviral infection in a nursery. J Formos Med Assoc 1997;96(11):884-9.344. Oh W, Merenstein G. Fourth edition of the Guidelines for Perinatal Care: summary of

changes. Pediatrics1997;100(6):1021-2.

345. Halsey NA, Schuchat A, Oh W, Baker CJ. The 1997 AAP guidelines for prevention of early-onset group Bstreptococcal disease. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics 1997;100(3 Pt 1):383-4.

346. Gardner MO, Papile LA, Wright LL. Antenatal corticosteroids in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90(5):851-3.347. Kennedy KA, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz RA, Oh W, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Lemons JA, Sowell

A, Mele L, Tyson JE, Verter J. Vitamin A to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants: has the dose been too low? The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Early

Hum Dev 1997;49(1):19-31.348. Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group: Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:597-604.

349. Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. Inhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic respiratory failure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatrics 1997;99:838-845.350. Shankaran S, Papile LA, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Mele L, Lemons JA, Korones SB,

Stevenson DK, Donovan EF, Stoll BJ, Fanaroff AA, Oh W. The effect of antenatal phenobarbital therapy on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants. N Engl J Med 1997;337(7):466-

71.

36 136

351. Blaymore Bier JA, Ferguson AE, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Oh W, Vohr BR. Breastfeeding

infants who were extremely low birth weight. Pediatrics 1997;100(6):E3.352. Stonestreet BS, Ocampo SS, Oh W. Reductions in cardiac output in hypoxic young pigs: systemic and regional perfusion and oxygen metabolism. J Appl Physiol 1998;85(3):874-82.

353. Yanowitz TD, Yao AC, Werner JC, Pettigrew KD, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Effects of prophylactic low-dose indomethacin on hemodynamics in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1998;132(1):28-34.

354. Lin CH, Gelardi NL, Cha CJ, Oh W. Cerebral metabolic response to hypoglycemia in severe intrauterine growth-retarded rat pups. Early Hum Dev 1998;51(2):147-57.355. Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Wright LL, Verter J, Poland RL, Bauer CR, Tyson JE, Philips JB,

3rd, Edwards W, Lucey JF, Catz CS, Shankaran S, Oh W. Incidence, presenting features, risk factors and significance of late onset septicemia in very low birth weight infants. The National

Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998;17(7):593-8.356. Papile LA, Tyson JE, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Donovan EF, Bauer CR, Krause-Steinrauf H,

Verter J, Korones SB, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Stevenson DK. A multicenter trial of two dexamethasone regimens in ventilator-dependent premature infants. N Engl J Med 1998;338(16):1112-8.

357. Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Younes N, Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Lemons JA, Oh W, Papile LA. Outcomes of very

low birth weight twins cared for in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's intensive care units. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179(3 Pt 1):742-9.358. Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Lemons JA, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ,

Tyson JE, Shankaran S, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Verter J. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, January 1993 through December 1994. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179(6 Pt

1):1632-9.

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359. Kleinman ME, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Comparison of intravenous and endotracheal epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in newborn piglets. Crit Care Med 1999;27(12):2748-54.

360. Tyson JE, Wright LL, Oh W, Kennedy KA, Mele L, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Fanaroff AA. Vitamin A supplementation for extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal

Research Network. N Engl J Med1999;340(25):1962-8.

361. Yanowitz TD, Yao AC, Pettigrew KD, Werner JC, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Postnatal hemodynamic changes in very-low-birthweight infants. J Appl Physiol 1999;87(1):370-80.362. Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Wright LL, Katsikiotis V,

Tyson JE, Oh W, Shankaran S, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Stevenson DK, Papile LA. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104(2 Pt 1):280-9.

363. Donovan EF, Tyson JE, Ehrenkranz RA, Verter J, Wright LL, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Stoll BJ, Fanaroff AA, Oh W, Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Papile LA. Inaccuracy of

Ballard scores before 28 weeks' gestation. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1999;135(2 Pt 1):147-52.

37 137

364. Stoll BJ, Temprosa M, Tyson JE, Papile LA, Wright LL, Bauer CR, Donovan EF, Korones SB, Lemons JA, Fanaroff AA, Stevenson DK, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Shankaran S, Verter J. Dexamethasone therapy increases infection in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104

(5):e63.365. Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. Inhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic respiratory failure in near term infants: Neurodevelopmental follow-up at 18-24 months. J Pediatr

2000;136:611-7.366. Walsh-Sukys MC, Tyson JE, Wright LL, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Stevenson DK, Verter J,

Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Papile LA, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Fanaroff AA. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in the era before nitric oxide: practice variation and outcomes. Pediatrics 2000;105(1 Pt 1):14-20.

367. McGrath MM, Sullivan MC, Lester BM, Oh W. Longitudinal neurologic follow-up in neonatal intensive care unit survivors with various neonatal morbidities. Pediatrics 2000;106(6):1397-405.370. Stevenson DK, Verter J, Fanaroff AA, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Shankaran S, Donovan EF,

Wright LL, Lemons JA, Tyson JE, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Stoll BJ, Papile LA. Sex differences in outcomes of very low birthweight infants: the newborn male disadvantage. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2000

Nov;83(3):F182-5.371. Goldstein M, Rehan VK, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Cerebral and intestinal perfusion and

metabolism in normocythemic hyperviscous hypoxic newborn pigs. J Appl Physiol 2000;88(6):2107-15.372. Stevenson DK, Fanaroff AA, Maisels MJ, Young BW, Wong RJ, Vreman HJ, MacMahon JR,

Yeung CY, Seidman DS, Gale R, Oh W, Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Kaplan M, Hammerman C, Nakamura H. Prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in near-term and term infants. J Perinatol 2001;21 Suppl 1:S63-72; discussion S83-7.

373. Stark AR, Carlo WA, Tyson JE, Papile LA, Wright LL, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Oh W, Bauer CR, Saha S, Poole WK, Stoll BJ. Adverse effects of early dexamethasone in extremely-low

-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. N Engl J Med2001;344(2):95-101.

374. Vohr BR, Oh W, Stewart EJ, Bentkover JD, Gabbard S, Lemons J, Papile LA, Pye R. Comparison of costs and referral rates of 3 universal newborn hearing screening protocols. J Pediatr 2001;139(2):238-44.

375. Hintz SR, Gaylord TD, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Mele L, Stevenson DK, Nichd FT, Network NR.

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Serum bilirubin levels at 72 hours by selected characteristics in breastfed and formula-fed term infants delivered by cesarean section. Acta Paediatr 2001;90(7):776-81.376. Stevenson DK, Fanaroff AA, Maisels MJ, Young BW, Wong RJ, Vreman HJ, MacMahon JR,

Yeung CY, Seidman DS, Gale R, Oh W, Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Kaplan M, Hammerman C, Nakamura H. Prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in near-term and term infants. Pediatrics 2001;108(1):31-9.

377. Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Korones SB, Papile LA, Stoll BJ, Verter J, Temprosa M, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Fanaroff AA, Stark A, Carlo W, Tyson JE, Donovan EF, Shankaran S,

Stevenson DK. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics

2001;107(1):E1.

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378. Stark AR, Carlo WA, Tyson JE, Papile LA, Wright LL, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Oh W,

Bauer CR, Saha S, Poole WK, Stoll BJ. Adverse effects of early dexamethasone in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. N Engl J Med

2001;344(2):95-101.379. Burgess GH, Oh W, Brann BSt, Brubakk AM, Stonestreet BS. Effects of phenobarbital on

cerebral blood flow velocity after endotracheal suctioning in premature neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med2001;155(6):723-7.

380. Carlo WA, Stark AR, Wright LL, Tyson JE, Papile LA, Shankaran S, Donovan EF, Oh W, Bauer CR, Saha S, Poole WK, Stoll B. Minimal ventilation to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely-low-birthweight infants. J Pediatr 2002;141(3):370-4.

381. Shankaran S, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Donovan EF, Ehrenkranz RA, Langer JC, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Tyson JE, Bauer CR, Lemons JA, Oh W, Papile LA. Risk factors for

early death among extremely low-birth-weight infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(4):796-802.382. Shankaran S, Papile LA, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Mele L, Lemons JA, Korones SB,

Stevenson DK, Donovan EF, Stoll BJ, Fanaroff AA, Oh W, Verter J. Neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants after antenatal phenobarbital exposure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187(1):171-7.

383. Shankaran S, Laptook A, Wright LL, Ehrenkranz RA, Donovan EF, Fanaroff AA, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Poole K, Carlo WA, Lemons JA, Oh W, Stoll BJ, Papile LA, Bauer CR, Stevenson DK, Korones SB, McDonald S. Whole-body hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: animal

observations as a basis for a randomized, controlled pilot study in term infants. Pediatrics 2002;110(2 Pt 1):377-85.

384. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK. Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-

weight infants. N Engl J Med2002;347(4):240-7.385. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan

EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK: Late onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: The experience of the

NICHD NeonatalResearch Network. Pediatrics 110:285-291, 2002.386. Coyle MG, Ferguson A, Lagasse L, Oh W, Lester B. Diluted tincture of opium (DTO) and

phenobarbital versus DTO alone for neonatal opiate withdrawal in term infants. J Pediatr 2002;140(5):561-4.387. Mercer JS, McGrath MM, Hensman A, Silver H, Oh W.Immediate and delayed cord clamping

in infants born between 24 and 32 weeks: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Perinatol. 2003

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Sep;23(6):466-72.388. Oh W, Tyson JE, Fanaroff AA, Vohr BR, Perritt R, Stoll BJ, Ehrenkranz RA, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, Poole K, Wright LL; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Neonatal Research Network. Association between peak serum bilirubin and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants.Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):773-9.389. Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Koch MA, Wright LL, Oh W, Papile LA, Bauer CR,

Carlo WA, Donovan EF, Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Laptook AR, Shankaran S, Stevenson DK, Tyson JE, Lemons JA. Effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation on plasma amino acid

concentrations in extremely low- birth-weight infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77(3):737-43.

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390. Wadhawan R, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Perritt RL, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Goldberg R, Laptook A,

Poole K, Wright L, Oh W: Does labor influence neonatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants delivered by cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189: 501-506, 2003.

391. Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, Lemons JA, Donovan EF, Stark AR, Tyson JE, Oh W, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Poole WK. To tap or not to tap: high likelihood of meningitis without sepsis among

very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2004;113(5):1181-6.392. Poindexter BB, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Poole WK, Oh W, Bauer CR, Papile L,

Tyson JE, Carlo WA, Laptook AR, Narendran V, Stevenson DK, Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Finer NN, Lemons JA. Parenteral Glutamine Supplementation Does Not Reduce The Risk of Mortality or Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. Pediatrics 113:

1209-1215, 2004.393. Ment LR, Vohr BR, Makuch RW, Westerveld M, Katz KH, Schneider KC, Duncan CC, Ehrenkranz R, Oh W, Philip AG, Scott DT, Allan WC. Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage

by indomethacin in male preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2004 Dec;145(6):832-4.394. Hintz, SR, Poole, WK, Wright, LL, Fanaroff, AA, Kendrick, DE, Laptook, AR, Goldberg, RN,

Duara, S, Stoll, BJ, Oh W. Changes in Mortality and Morbidities Among Infants Born at Less Than 25 Weeks During the Post-Surfactant Era. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005 Mar;90(2):F128-33

395. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Vohr BR, Poole WK, Higgins RD; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age among infants of less than 25 weeks' gestational age born in

1993-1999. Pediatrics. 2005Jun;115(6):1645-51.396. Hintz SR, , , , Poole WK, , , , Wright LL, , , , Fanaroff AA, , , , Kendrick DE, , , , Laptook AR, , , , Goldberg R, , , , Duara

S, , , , Stoll BJ, , , , Oh W; ; ; ; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. . . . Changes in mortality and morbidities among infants born at less than 25 weeks during the post-surfactant era. Arch Dis Child Fetal

Neonatal Ed. 2005Mar;90(2):F128-33.397. Stoll BJ, , , , Hansen NI, , , , Higgins RD, , , , Fanaroff AA, , , , Duara S, , , , Goldberg R, , , , Laptook A, , , , Walsh M, , , , Oh

W, , , , Hale E; ; ; ; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. . . . Very low birth weight preterm infants with early onset neonatal sepsis: the predominance of gram-negative infections continues in the National

Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 2002-2003. Pediatr Infect

Dis J. 2005 Jul;24(7):635-9.398. Van Meurs KP, , , , Wright LL, , , , Ehrenkranz RA, , , , Lemons JA, , , , Ball MB, , , , Poole WK, , , , Perritt R, , , ,

Higgins RD, , , , Oh W, , , , Hudak ML, , , , Laptook AR, , , , Shankaran S, , , , Finer NN, , , , Carlo WA, , , , Kennedy KA, , , ,

Fridriksson JH, , , , Steinhorn RH, , , , Sokol GM, , , , Konduri GG, , , , Aschner JL, , , , Stoll BJ, , , , D'Angio CT, , , ,

Stevenson DK; ; ; ; Preemie Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study. Inhaled nitric oxide for premature infants with severe respiratory failure. N Engl J Med.

2005 Jul 7;353(1):82-4.

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AbstractsAbstractsAbstractsAbstracts

1. Oh W, Baens, G.S., Stewart, L., Metcoff, J.: Propriety of renal function in the newborn rat. J.

Pediatr.

65:115, 1964.

2. Wu, P.Y.K., W., Lubetin, A., Metcoff, J.: Studies of late edema in premature infants. J. Pediatr.

69:912,

1966.

3. Oh W., Wallgren, G., Hanson, J.A., Lind, J.: Mechanics of breathing of newborn infants and the

effects of placental transfusions. J. Pediatr. 69:690, 1967.

4. Oh W., D'Amodio, M.D., Yap, L.L., Honenaurer, L., Metcoff, J., Guy, J.A.: Glycogen synthesis in

experimental intrauterine fetal growth retardation in rats. Pediatr. Res. 2:415, 1968.

5. Oh W., Yap, L.L., D'Amodio, M.D.: Glucose homeostasis in severe Rh erythroblastosis fetalis. J.

Pediatr. 74:813, 1969.

6. Oh W., Hohenaurer, L.: Body composition in experimental intrauterine growth retardation. Clin.

Res.

17:391, 1969.

7. Yoshida, T., Metcoff, J., Dwyer, A., Voyer, L., Al-Ubaidi, Y.Y., Oh W., et al.: Pre and postnatal

energy- charge systems in the human leukocyte. Fed. Proceed. 28:556, 1969.

8. Oh W., D'Amodio, M.D., Yap, L.: Carbohydrate metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation in

rats.

Clin. Res. 18:214, 1970.

9. Tsang, R., Oh W.: Neonatal hypocalcemia in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 45:5, 1970.

10. Hobel, C.J., Oh W., Hyvarinen, M.A., et al.: Early correction of neonatal acidemic in the

preterm low birth weight infant. Pediatr. Res. 4:470, 1970.

11. Oh W., Arbit, J., Blonsky, E.R., Cassell, S.: Neurological and psychometric evaluation of Rh

erythroblastic infants surviving intrauterine blood transfusions. Pediatr. Res. 4:378, 1970.

12. Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M.A., Oh W.: Fetal heart rate monitor and fetal scalp blood sampling in

low birth weight infants. Clin. Res. 19:221, 1971.

13. Keys, T.F., Hobel, C.J., Oh W., et al.: Maternal and neonatal Australian antigen. Clin. Res.

19:184, 1971.

14. Hobel, C.J., Hyvarinen, M., Erenberg, A., Emmanouilides, G.C., Oh W.: Early treatment of

neonatal acidosis in low birth weight infants in relation to respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr.

Res. 5:415, 1971.

15. Oh W., Yao, A.C., Hanson, J.S., Lind, J.: The effects of phototherapy on peripheral blood flow

and insensible water loss in newborn infants. Clin. Res. 20:283, 1972.

16. Erenberg, A., Omori, K., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: The effects of fetal thyroidectomy on thyroid

kinetics in fetal and maternal sheep. Clin. Res. 20:279, 1972.

17. Platzker, A., Tooley, W., Oh W., Thibeault, D.W., et al.: Predictions of the idiopathic

respiratory distress syndrome by a rapid new test for pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid.

Clin. Res. 20:283, 1972.

41 141

18. Oh W.: The use of sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of neonatal acidosis. Los Angeles Ped.

Soc.

Newsletter, February, 1972.

19. Yamauchi, T., Oh W., St. Geme, J.W. Jr.: A biochemical study of viral induced fetal growth

retardation.

Clin. Res. 20:273, 1972.

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20. Erenberg, A., Omori, K., Oh W., Lam, R.N., Fisher, D.A.: Triiodothyronine kinetics in maternal and thyroidectomized fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 6:77, 1972.21. Erenberg, A., Omori, K., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: The effect of fetal thyroidectomy on growth of

the ovine fetus. Pediatr. Res. 6:90, 1972.22. Phelps, D.L., Omori, K., Oh W.: Renal blood and sodium balance in acidotic newborn lambs treated with sodium bicarbonate. Clin. Res. 21:288, 1973.

23. Hyvarinen, M., Stiehm, E.R., Oh W.: Fetal age determination using serum protein and immunoglobulin levels in the newborn. Pediatr. Res. 5:417, 1973.

24. Anthony, B.F., Kuehn, L.F., Heiner, D.C., Oh W.: Gamma globulin and serum opsonins in preterm infants. Clin. Res. 21:317, 1973.25. Fiser, R.H., Jr., Erenberg, A., Sperling, M., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Insulin-glucagon substrate

relationships in the fetal sheep. Clin. Res. 21:319, 1973.26. Omori, K., Phelps, D.L., Emmanouilides, G.C., Oh W.: Intrauterine placental fetal "transfusion" induced by acute hypoxemia in the fetal lambs. Clin. Res. 21:322, 1973.

27. Siegel, S.R., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Relationship of gestational age to serum aldosterone, renal function and electrolyte balance in the newborn. Clin. Res. 21:322, 1973.

28. Sperling, M., Fiser, R.H. Jr., DeLamater, P., Erenberg, A., Oh W., et al.: The significance of glucagon in perinatal glucose homeostasis. Diabetes 22:203, 1973.29. Fiser, R.H. Jr., Phelps, D.L., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Insulin

glucagon substrate interrelation-ships in the neonatal sheep. Clin. Res. 22:191A, 1974.30. Asch, M., Leake, R.D., Sperling, M., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Oh W.: Intravenous fat emulsion for total parenteral nutrition. Clin. Res. 22:215A, 1974.

31. DeLamater, P.V., Sperling, M.A., Fisher, R.H. Jr., Phelps, D.L., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Alanine-glucagon interrelationships in human newborn. Clin. Res. 22:239A, 1974.

32. Leake, R.D., Oh W.: Glomerular filtration rate (GFF) and tubular maxima of glucose (TmG) in human infants during maturation. Clin. Res. 22:241A, 1974.33. Phelps, D.L., Loew, A.D., Oh W.: The laryngo-tracheal function of surviving infants following

prolonged orotracheal intubation during the neonatal period. Clin. Res. 22:243A, 1974.34. Siegel, S., Chan, J.C.M., Fiser, R.H. Jr., Oh W.: Relationship of phosphate balance of gestational age, urinary cyclic AMP, and titratable acid excretion in the newborn. Clin. Res.

22:243A, 1974.

42 142

35. Williams, P.R., Fiser, R.H., DeLamater, P.V., Sperling, M.A., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Pancreatic

alpha and beta cell response to oral alanine feeding in newborn infants. Clin. Res. 22:244A, 1974.36. Thibeault, D., Emmanouilides, G.C., Nelson, R.J., Rosengart, R., Oh W., Lachman, R.: Patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 30 weeks gestation. Indications for surgery. Pediatr. Res.

8:80, 1974.37. Phelps, D.L., Oh W.: Constant glucose (G) infusion (CGI) and serum insulin (I) changes in

sequentially studied preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 8:85, 1974.38. Sack, J., Beaudry, M.A., DeLamater, P.V., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: The mechanisms of neonatal thyroidal hyperactivity in the newborn sheep. Pediatr. Res. 8:100, 1974.

39. Fiser, R.H., Jr., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Control of pancreatic alpha cell function in the neonatal and infant sheep. Pediatr. Res. 8:158, 1974.40. Leake, R.D., Fisher, R.H. Jr., Oh W.: Glucose disposal, hormonal changes, and plasma alanine

level in neonatal sepsis. Pediatr. Res. 8:160, 1974.41. Williams, P.R., Fiser, R.H., DeLamater, P.V., Sperling, M.A., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Pancreatic

islet alpha and beta cell responses to oral and IV alanine in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Pediatr. Res. 8:165, 1974.42. Leake, R.D., Oh W.: Effect of gestational and postnatal age on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

and tubular maxima of glucose in human infants. Pediatr. Res. 8:183, 1974.43. Leake, R.D., Zakuddin, S., Fu, P., Oh W., Trygstad, C.W.: Salt and water homeostasis in the newborn.

Clin. Res. 23:168, 1975.

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44. Thibeault, D., Emmanouilides, G.C., Nelson, R.J., Lachman, R., Rosengart, R., Oh W.: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) complicating the respiratory distress syndrome. Clin. Res. 23:162A, 1975.

45. Cowett, R.M., Unsworth, E.J., Hakanson, D.O., Williams, J.R., Oh W.: Foam stability test on gastric aspirate and the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Pediatr. Res. 9:363, 1975.

46. Cashore, W.J., Karotkin, E.H., Oh W.: Bilirubin binding capacity in newborn infants and the effect of phototherapy. Pediatr. Res. 9:275, 1975.

47. Fiser, R.H., Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Glucagon secretory maturation in the neonatal sheep: Relationship to cyclic AMP. Pediatr. Res. 9:350, 1975.48. Karotkin, E.H., Cashore, W.J., Kido, M., Redding, R.A., Douglas, W., Stern, L., Oh W.:

Pharmacological induction and inhibition of lung maturation in fetal rabbits. Pediatr. Res. 9:397, 1975.49. Kwong, M., Moore, T., Lemy, C., Oh W., Thibeault, D.: Histidine decarpxylase in fetal

intrauterine growth retardation in rats. Pediatr. Res. 9:278, 1975.50. Cowett, R.M., Peter G., Hakanson, D.O., Stern, L., Oh W.: Prophylactic antibiotics in infants

with umbilical artery catheter placement. Pediatr. Res. 9:363, 1975.51. Williams, P.R., Sperling, M.A., Oh W.: The effect of oral alanine on plamsa glucose, glucagon and insulin in small for gestational age infants. Pediatr. Res. 9:357, 1975.

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52. Monin, P.J.P., Cashore, W.J., Hakanson, D.O., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Assisted ventilation in the neonate - comparison between positive and negative respirators. Pediatr. Res. 10:464, 1976.

53. Cashore, W.J., Horwich, A., Oh W.: Relationship of serum total bilirubin binding capacity (TBBC) to infant's maturity and clinical status. Pediatr. Res. 10:421, 1976.54. Cowett, R.M., Chandler, B.D., Yao, A.C., Doyle, P.E., Oh W.: The reliability of foam stability

test on gastric aspirate studied sequentially after birth. Pediatr. Res. 10:422, 1976.55. Ross, B.S., Peter, G., Oh W.: An epidemic of klebsiella sepsis in an intensive care nursery

related to intravenous fluid contamination. Pediatr. Res. 10:431, 1976.56. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Respiratory distress syndrome following elective cesarean section - A preventable morbidity. Pediatr. Res. 10:422, 1976.

57. Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Hyperviscosity in the small-for-gestational age infant - Incidence and risk.Pediatr. Res. 10:244, 1976.

58. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Endogenous glucose production during constant glucose infusion in the newborn lamb. Pediatr. Res. 10:407, 1976.59. Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Lipsitt, L.P.: Sucking behavior in low birth weight (LBW) infants.

Pediatr. Res.10:447, 1976.

60. Vohr, B.R., Rosenfield, A.G., Oh W.: Umbilical hernia in low birth weight infants (1500 grams). Amb.Pediatr. Assoc. Prog., April, 1976.

61. Leake, R.D., Chan, G.A., Zakuddin, S., Dodge, M.E., Fisher, R.H. Jr., Oh W.: Glucose utilization in hyperviscosity. Pediatr. Res. 10:412, 1976.62. Siegel, S.R., Oh W., Fisher, D.A.: Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphtase in

newborn rats with intrauterine growth retardation. Pediatr. Res. 11:521, 1977.63. Cowett, R.M., Pollak, A., Ross, B.S., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Glucose disposal in the wll low birth

weight(LBW) infant. Pediatr. Res. 15:512, 1977.64. Ross, B.S., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Postnatal renal maturation in low birth weight infants.

Pediatr. Res.11:556, 1977.65. Kozuki, K., Cashore, W.J., Widness, J., Oh W.: Increase in bilirubin albumin binding affinity

with correction of neonatal acidosis. Pediatr. Res. 11:536, 1977.

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66. Susa, J.B., Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Hepatic insensitivity to insulin in the neonatal lamb.Pediatr. Res. 11:522, 1977.

67. Widness, J.A., Edmunds, D., Schwartz, H.C, King, K.C., Kahn, C.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glycohemoglobin (HbAIc): A prognosticator of birth weight in infants of diabetic mothers. Pediatr. Res.

11:523, 1977.

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68. Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: Hyperviscosity in the small for gestational age infant. Pediatr. Res. 11:472,1977.

69. Pollak, A., Cowett, R., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Effects of exogenous insulin on glucose disposal of low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr. Res. 11:448, 1977.70. Ross, B.S., Oh W.: Effect of furosemide therapy on renal function in low birth weight infants.

Pediatr.Res. 11:556, 1977.71. Chandler, B.D., Kapoor, N., Barker, B., Boyle, R., Oh W.: Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in

bacteremic neonates. Pediatr. Res. 11:532, 1977.72. Rosenfield, A.G., Vohr, B.R., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: The effect of an intervention program on

parental visiting in special care nursery. Soc. Res. Child. Develop., March, 1977.73. Vohr, B.R., Oh W., Rosenfield, A.G., Cowett, R.M.: The pre-term small for gestation (SGA) infant: A

two year follow-up study. Pediatr. Res. 12:557, 1978.74. Ross, B.S., Pollak, A., Rubin, L., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Renal glucose handling in the low birth weight

(LBW) infant. Pediatr. Res. 12:547, 1978.75. Cowett, R.M., Czech, M., Susa, J.B., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Blunted muscle responsiveness to

insulin in the neonatal rat. Pediatr. Res. 12:504, 1978.76. Cashore, W.J., Brodersen, R., Oh W.: Effect of free fatty acids and of serum ultrafultrates on bilirubin displacement in neonatal serum. Pediatr. Res. 12:402, 1978.

77. Boyle, R., Nelson, J., Peter, G., Oh W.: Alterations in stool flora during oral kanamycin prophylaxis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pediatr. Res. 12:520, 1978.78. Boyle, R., Chandler, B., Ross, B., Oh W.: Early diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis.

Pediatr. Res.12:520, 1978.79. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Thompson, D., Kahn, C.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.:

Glycohemoglobin(HbAIc): Correlation with maternal blood glucose control in pregnancy. Pediatr. Res. 12:401,

1978.80. Rosenfield, A.G., Vohr, B.R., Cowett, R.M., Denhoff, E., Oh W.: The effects of an early intervention program on the low birth weight infants. Pediatr. Res. 12:55, 1978.

81. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Sommer, M., Oh W., Giletti, B., Schwartz, R.: Kinetic studies with C-U- Glucose in pregnant women and their offspring. Pediatr. Res. 13:357, 1979.82. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Warburton, D., Stonestreet, B.S., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Endogenous

insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates in the neonatal lamb. Pediatr. Res. 13:357, 1979.83. Boyle, R., Stonestreet, B.S., Millard, R., Oh W.: Hemodynamic effects of indomethacin in

preterm lambs with respiratory distress (RD) and patent ductus ateriosus (PDA). Pediatr. Res. 13:341, 1979.84. Widness, J.A., Schwartz, H.C., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Glycohemoglobin (HbAIc): Postpartum

diagnostic value for unsuspected diabetic mothers of large for gestational age infants. Pediatr. Res. 13:483, 1979.

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85. Susa, J.B., McCormick, K.L., Widness, J.A., Singer, D.B., Oh W., Adamsons, K., Schwartz, R.: Primary hyperinsulinemia in the Rhesus monkey fetus: Effects on fetal growth and hepatic composition. Pediatr. Res. 13:482, 1979.

86. Stonestreet, B.S., Bell, E., Warburton, D., Oh W.: The effects of fluid and sodium (Na) intake and renal compensation on the postnatal changes of extracellular fluid (ECF) in low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr. Res. 13:521, 1979.

87. Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Effect of acidosis on bilirubin uptake by rat brain in vivo. Pediatr. Res. 13:523,

1979.88. Bell, E.F., Warburton, D., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Randomized trial comparing high (HV) and low- volume (LV) maintenance fluid administration in low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr.

Res. 18:489,1979.89. Bell, E.F., Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: Comparative effects of incubator (INC) and radiant warmer

(RW) on heat balance and respiratory quoteint (RQ) in prematures with and without plastic heat shield (HS). Pediatr. Res. 13:489, 1979.

90. Bell, E.F., Gray, J.C., Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: The effects of thermal environment on insensible water loss (IWL) and heat balance in premature infants. Pediatr. Res. 13:489, 1979.91. Warburton, D., Boyle, R., Keats, J., Vohr, B., Pueschel, S., Oh W.: Effects of strychnine (STR)

therapy in non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH). Pediatr. Res. 13:374, 1979.92. Warburton, D., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Pharmacokinetics and echocardiographic effects of digoxin (DIG) in low birth weight (LBW) infants with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to patent ductus

arteriosus (PDA). Pediatr. Res. 13:353, 1979.93. Warburton, D., Bell, E.F., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Effects of high (HV) and low (LV) volumes

fluid administration in low birth weight (LBW) infants: A prospective echocardiographic study. Pediatr. Res.13:353, 1979.

94. Vohr, B.R., Lipsitt, L.P., Oh W.: Obesity in children of diabetic mothers with reference to birth size.Pediatr. Res. 13:329, 1979.

95. Vohr, B., Daniel, P., Oh W.: The role of neonatal metabolic disorders on the neurological and developmental outcome of low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr. Res. 13:530, 1979.96. Ross, B.S., Pollak, A., Oh W.: Pharmacologic effects of furosemide therapy in low birth-

weight-infants.J.C.E. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, July/August:49, 1979.

97. Zinner, S.H., Lee, Y.H., Rosner, B., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Follow-up studies of blood pressure in newborn infants. 20th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology. Am. Heart. Assoc. Epidemiol. Council, San Diego, California, March 3-4, 1980.

98. Leake, R.D., Hobel, C.J., Oh W., Thibeault, D.W., Okada, D.M., Williams, P.R.: A controlled, prospective study of the effects of ritodrine hydrochloride for premature labor. Clin. Res. 28:90A, 1980.

99. Warburton, D., Singer, D.B., Oh W.: Dose-response relationship of creatinine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in neonatal stress. Clin. Res. 28:127A, 1980.

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100. Warburton, D., Singer, D.B., Oh W.: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and its isoenzymes in stress newborn infants. Pediatr. Res. 14:615, 1980.

101. Schanler, R., Oh W.: Metabolic balance studies in low birth weight infants: The nutritional role of breast milk. Pediatr. Res. 14:510, 1980.102. Weinstein, M.R., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Caloric intake and expenditure: A possible link to

fractional sodium excretion (FxNa) in the premature. Pediatr. Res. 14:463, 1980.103. Cashore, W.J., Brodersen, R., Oh W.: Reserve albumin capacity for bilirubin (BR) determined by peroxidase oxidation and by dialysis with 14-C monacetyl diamino diphenylsulfone (MADDS).

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Pediatr. Res. 14:593, 1980.104. Cashore, W.J., Brodersen, R., Laptook, A., Oh W.: Bilirubin index in term and preterm infants. Pediatr.

Res. 14:593, 1980.105. Stonestreet, B.S., Schanler, R.J., Oh W.: Asphyxia-induced hemodynamic changes in the newborn lamb.

Pediatr. Res. 14:451, 1980.106. Stonestreet, B.S., Schanler, R.J., Solomon, R., Singer, D., Oh W.: Asphyxia-induced renal

pathophysiology in the newborn lamb. Pediatr. Res. 14:626, 1980.107. Creswell, J.S., Cowett, R.M., Warburton, D., Susa, J.S., Oh W.: Pertubation of glucose homeostasis induced by experimental hyperviscosity. Pediatr. Res. 14:570, 1980.

108. Vohr, B., Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Growth pattern and neurodevelopmental outcome of low birth weight (LBW)infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pediatr. Res. 14:638, 1980.

109. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B, Giletti, B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Variability of endogenous glucose production in infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers. Pediatr. Res. 14:570, 1980.

110. Cowett, R.M., Kahn, C.B., Susa, J.B., Cha, C., Oh W., Giletti, B., Schwartz, R.: Endogenous glucose production in pregnant insulin dependent diabetic women during the third trimester. Diabetes 29, Suppl.

2:121A, 1980.111. Gruppuso, P.A., Warburton, D., Oh W.: Echocardiographic effects of packed red blood cell with saline transfusions in low birthweight infants. Clin. Res. 28:89A, 1980.

112. Laptook, A., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Effects of rate of volume expansion on brain blood flow after asphyxia and hypotension in the piglet. Pediatr. Res. 15:669, 1981.

113. Stonestreet, B.S., Laptook, A., Siegel, S.R., Oh W.: Effects of asphyxia on renal function in term and preterm lambs. Pediatr. Res. 15:489, 1981.114. Stonestreet, B.S., Laptook, A., Schanler, R., Oh W.: Effects of asphyxia on regional blood

flow in the neonatal brain. Pediatr. Res. 15:700, 1981.115. Stonestreet, B.S., Laptook, A., Oh W., Tsang, R.C.: Asphyxia induced alterations in serum and renal calcium magnesium and phosphate homeostasis. Pediatr. Res. 15:684, 1981.

47 147

116. Laptook, A., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Autoregulation of brain blood flow (BBF): Regional differences in reduced BBF with hypotension. Pediatr. Res. 15:707, 1981.

117. Vohr, B., Daniel, P., Oh W.: Analysis of perinatal variables affecting compliance to a follow-up program.Pediatr. Res. 15:558, 1981.

118. Vohr, B., Regan, B., Daniel, P., Oh W.: Hearing impairment in low birth weight (LBW) children.

Pediatr. Res. 15:456, 1981.119. Vileisis, R.A., Fain, J.N., Oh W.: Effect of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on fatty acid synthesis.

Pediatr. Res. 15:297, 1981.120. Vileisis, R.A., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Glycemic effect of triglyceride infusion in the low birth weight infant. Pediatr. Res. 15:686, 1981.

121. Creswell, J., Cowett, R.M., Susa, J., Oh W.: Insulin secretion rate in premature and neonatal lambs.

Pediatr. Res. 15:479, 1981.122. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Decreased endogenous production (EGP) in low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr. Res. 15:628, 1981.

123. Cowett, R.M., Barcohana, Y., Oh W.: Human fetal and neonatal insulin response to maternal hyperglycemia at cesarean section (C/S). Pediatr. Res. 15:506, 1981.124. Widness, J.A., Susa, J.B., Oh W., Goldman, A.S.: Maternal insulin: An unlikely fetal teratogen.

Pediatr.

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Res. 15:464, 1981.125. Weinstein, M.R., Oh W.: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its effects on oxygen consumption

(VO2 ). Pediatr. Res. 15:733, 1981.126. Cashore, W.J., Funato, M., Peter, G., Oh W.: Bilirubin displacement from albumin by beta-lactam antibiotics. Pediatr. Res. 16:122A, 1982.

127. Rosenkrantz, T.S., Oh W.: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vascular resistance (CBR) in polycythemic and hyperviscous (PCH) infants following partial exchange transfusion (PET).

Pediatr. Res.16:306A, 1982.128. Rosenkrantz, T., Oh W.: Reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in low birth weight (LBW)

infants after aminophylline administration. Pediatr. Res. 16:306A, 1982.129. Widness, J.A., Garcia, J.A., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Cord serum erythropoietin values and disappearance rates after birth in polycythemic newborns. Pediatr. Res. 16:218A, 1982.

130. Vileisis, R.A., Oh W.: Enhanced fatty acid synthesis in hyperinsulinemic rat fetuses. Pediatr. Res.

16:266A, 1982.131. Vileisis, R.A., Oh W.: Improved fatty acid (FA) synthesis in the growth retarded (IUGR) fetus with increased substrate. Pediatr. Res. 16:266A, 1982.

132. Zinner, S.H., Rosner, B., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Does hypertension begin in childhood? Follow-up studies of blood pressure in newborn. Clin. Res. 30:563A, 1982.

48 148

133. Zinner, S.H., Rosner, B., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Longitudinal studies of blood pressure in newborn. Soc.Epidemiol. Res.

134. Zinner, S.H., Rosner, B., McRobert, D., Margolius, H.S., Oh W., Kass, E.H.: Multiple variables affecting blood pressure in the infant. Am. Heart Assoc. Council Epidemiol.

135. Coll, C.G., Oh W.: The effects of child care support, maternal education & family socioeconomic status on the home environment of adolescent mothers. Pediatr. Res. 17:87A, 1983.

136. Cowett, R.M., Oh W., Schwartz, R.: Persistent glucose production (Ra) during constant glucose infusion in the human newborn. Pediatr. Res. 30:563A, 1983.137. Nowicki, P.T., Hansen, N.B., Oh W., Stonestreet, B.S.: Gastrointestinal blood flow and O2

consumption in in awake newborn lambs. Effect of chronic anemic and acute hypoxic hypoxemia. Pediatr. Res.17:139A, 1983.

138. Nowicki, P.T., Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S., Yao, A.C., Oh W.: Gastrointestinal blood flow and O2 consumption in awake piglets: Effect of hypervolemia and feeding. Pediatr. Res. 17:197A,

1983.139. Bratlid, D., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Hyperosmolality produces opening of the blood-brain barrier for bilirubin in rat brain. Pediatr. Res. 17:305A, 1983.

140. Brubakk, A.M., Bratlid, D., Oh W., Yao, A.C., Stonestreet, B.S.: Atropine prevents pressure-passive increases in brain blood flow during hypertension. Pediatr. Res. 17:305A, 1983.141. Cashore, W.J., Funato, M., Oh W.: Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to bilirubin (BR)

and albumin(ALB). Pediatr. Res. 17:306A, 1983.

142. Hansen, N.B., Brubakk, A.M., Bratlid, D., Oh W., Stonestreet, B.S.: Brain blood flow response to CO2 in newborn piglets. Pediatr. Res. 17:316A, 1983.143. Rosenkrantz, T.S., Stonestreet, B.S., Hansen, N.B., Nowicki, P.T., Oh W.: Cerebral blood

flow (CBF) in neonatal polycythemia. Pediatr. Res. 17:332A, 1983.144. Hansen, N.B., Oh W., LaRochelle, F., Stonestreet, B.S.: Maternal ritodrine administration alters neonatal renal function in preterm infants. Pediatr. Res. 17:351A, 1983.

145. Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S., Rosenkrantz, T.S., Oh W.: Correlation between Doppler

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blood flow velocity and cerebral blood flow in piglets. Pediatr. Res. 17:363A, 1983.146. Szabo, J.S., Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: Gastric motility and GI blood flow: Effects of hypoxemia in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 18:214A, 1984.

147. Szabo, J.S., Hillemeier, C., Oh W.: The effect of nonnutritive and nutritive suck on gastric emptying in premature infants. Pediatr Res 18:214A, 1984.148. Burgess, G.H., Oh W., Bratlid D., Brubakk, A.M., Cashore, W.J., Stonestreet, B.S.: Cerebral

hyperperfusion augments brain bilirubin deposition in piglets. Pediatr Res 18:337A, 1984.

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149. Coll, C.T.G., Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Maternal factors affecting developmental outcome of infants of adolescent mothers. Pediatr Res 18:97A, 1984.150. Walker, D-J.B., Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Economic analysis of regionalized neonatal care for low

birth weight infants in the State of Rhode Island. Pediatr Res 18:338A, 1984.151. Nowicki, P.T., Oh W., Yao, A.C., Hansen, N.B., Stonestreet, B.S.: Effect of polycythemic hyperviscosity on gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow and O2 consumption in piglets. Pediatr Res

18:350A, 1984.152. Chen, S., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Gram-negative bacteremia does not increase albumin or bilirubin content in brains of adult rats. Pediatr Res 18:271A, 1984.

153. Bratlid, D., Cashore, W.J., Brubakk, A.M., Oh W.: Bilirubin displacement by sulfisoxazole: Entry of unbound bilirubin into the brain. Pediatr Res 18:150A, 1984.

154. Brubakk, A.M., Bratlid, D., Oh W., Stonestreet, B.S.: Changes in epinephrine (E) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) during hypercarbia (HC): Effects on on brain blood flow 9BBF) in the newborn piglet. Pediatr Res 18:337A, 1984.

155. Vohr, B.R., Coll, C.T.G., Oh W.: Increased morbidity in long term follow-up of low birth weight (LBW)survivors with stage III-IV retrolental fibroplasia (RLF). Pediatr Res 18:116A, 1984.

156. Vohr, B.R., Oh W.: Age of DPT immunization of special care nursery (SCN) graduates. Pediatr Res

18:188A, 1984.157. Stonestreet, B.S., Piasecki, G.J., Oh W., Jackson, B.T.: Cardiovascular responses to insulin infusions in the ovine fetus. Pediatr Res 18:130A, 1984.

158. Burgess, G.H., Stonestreet, B.S., Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Hyperosmolality (HO) augmented regional brain bilirubin deposition (RBBD) in newborn piglets (P). Pediatr Res 18:314A, 1984.159. Catlin EA, Oh W: Postnatal Growth and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Insulin-Induced Macrosomic

Rat Pups.Pediatr Res 19(4):151, 1985.160. Coll CTG, Vohr BR, Oh W: Language Delay in 2-year Old Children of Adolescent Mothers.

Pediatr Res19(4):111A, 1985.

161. Vohr BR, Oh W: Growth Dynamics of Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDM) with Reference to NeonatalMacrosomia. Pediatr Res 19(4):210, 1985.

162. Brubakk AM, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Adaptation of Brain Blood Flow (BBF) to Prolonged Hypercarbia(PHC) in the Newborn Piglet (P). Pediatr Res 19(4):336A, 1985.

163. Brubakk AM, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Atropine (AT) Reduced Brain Blood Flow (BBF) at Lower Mean Arterial Blood Pressures (MABP) during Hemorrhagic Hypotension (HH) in the

Newborn Piglet (P). Pediatr Res 19(4):336A, 1985.164. Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Anemia Blunts the Neonatal Homeothermic Response to

Environmental Cold Stress. Pediatr Res 19(4):353A, 1985.

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165. Mayfield, SR, Shaul PW, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Regional Oxygen (O2) Delivery During EnvironmentalCold Stress (ECS) in Anemic Piglets. Pediatr Res 19(4):353A, 1985.

166. Szabo JS, Mayfield SR, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Effects of Hypoxemia of Post Prandial GI Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Newborn Piglets. Pediatr Res 19(4):233A, 1985.167. Vohr BR, Coll CTG, Oh W: Language Development at 2-years of Age in Low Birth Weight

(LBW) (1500 grams) Infants. Pediatr Res 19(4):121A, 1985.168. Brann BS IV, Mayfield SR, Goldstein M, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Hemodynamic effects of

asphyxia (AX)and pneumothorax (PNT) in piglets. Pediatr Res 20:343A, 1986.169. Brann BS IV, Goldstein M, Mayfield SR, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Unilateral carotid artery (CA)

ligation produces no effect on brain blood flow (BBF) in piglets. Pediatr Res 20:366A, 1986.170. Cha C-JM, Oh W: Fetal hyperinsulinemia produces accelerated growth and glucose intolerance in female rats. Pediatr Res 20:327A, 1986.

171. Coll CGC, Anderson LT, Brann BS, Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, Vohr BR, Ward AM, Oh W: Early temperament of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). Pediatr Res 20:161A,

1986.172. Cowett RM, Andersen GE, Maguire CA, Oh W: Persistence of transitional control of neonatal glucose kinetics. Pediatr Res 20:186A, 1986.

173. Goldstein M, Stonestreet BS, Brann BS IV, Oh W: Cerebral blood flow (CBF), O2 and glucose metabolism in normocythemic hyperviscous newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 20:348A, 1986.174. Goldstein M, Oh W, Piva DL, Gulati R, Stonestreet BS: The effects of hypoxia (H) and

hyperviscosity (HV) on cerebral cortex (CC) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract oxygenation and glucose metabolism. Pediatr Res 20:348A, 1986.

175. Karplus M, Lee C, Oh W, Cashore WJ: The effects of bilirubin (BR) on brain stem auditory responses(BSAER's) in rats. Pediatr Res 20:351A, 1986.

176. Lee C, Oh W, Stonestreet BS, Cashore WJ: Maturation of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability for125I-Albumin (ALB) bound bilirubin (BR) in piglets. Pediatr Res 20:353A, 1986.

177. Lee C, Stonestreet BS, Outerbridge E, Oh W, Cashore WJ: Postnatal maturation of the blood brain barrier(BBB) for unbound bilirubin (BR) in piglets. Pediatr Res 20:353A, 1986.

178. Mayfield SR, Oh W, Piva D, Stonestreet BS: Gastrointestinal blood flow (QGI) and oxygen uptake

(VO2GI) during environmental cold stress (ECS). Pediatr Res 20:245A, 1986.179. Outerbridge EW, Lee C, Cashore WJ, Oh W: The effect of hypertension on blood brain barrier permeability to bilirubin. Pediatr Res 20:357A, 1986.

180. Shaul PW, Cha C-JM, Oh W: Adrenal medulla (AM) catecholamine synthesis (SYN) and release (REL)in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Pediatr Res 20:197A, 1986.

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181. Shaul PW, Karplus M, Brann BS, Oh W: Assessment of the central nervous system (CNS) effects of hypocalcemia by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP). Pediatr Res 20:361A,

1986.182. Shaul PW, Cha C-JM, Oh W: Neonatal sympathoadrenal response to hypoxia is impaired in

experimental intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Pediatr Res 20:197A, 1986.183. Vohr BR, Coll CGC, Oh W: Language development at 3 years of age in low birth weight (LBW) (less than 1500 gm) infants. Pediatr Res 20:186A, 1986.

184. Vohr BR, Chen A, Coll CGC, Oh W: Stress and social support systems of parents with preterm and full term infants on home apnea monitors. Pediatr Res 20:386A, 1986.185. Barefield ES, Oh W, Goddard M, Malone TA, Stonestreet BS: Organ blood flow ((Q), oxygen

(O2) &

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lactate (lac) metabolism in experimental Group B Streptococcal (GBS) sepsis. Pediatr Res 21:352A,1987.

186. Coustan DR, Widness JA, Rotondo LM, Oh W: The influence of the fasting and postprandial state on the50 gram, 1 hour screening test for gestational diabetes. XII Congress of the Internat. Diab. Fed.,

Madrid, Spain, 1987.187. Malone TM, Stonestreet BS, Goddard M, Oh W: Hemodynamic changes in a newborn piglet

model of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Pediatr Res 21:367A, 1987.188. Monin P, Stonestreet BS, Oh W: Hyperventilation (HV) restores autoregulation of cerebral blood flow

(CBF) in postictal piglets. Pediatr Res 21:370A, 1987.189. Mullen MK, Coll CG, Vohr BR, Muriel AC, Oh W: Mother-infant feeding interaction in full-term small- for-gestatinal age (SGA) infants. Pediatr Res 21:183A, 1987.

190. Shaul PW, Cha CM, Gelardi NL, Oh W: Sympathoadrenal system (SAS) activity and glucose (G)

homeostasis in the newborn rats of diabetic mothers. Pediatr Res 21:437A, 1987.191. Stonestreet BS, Goldstein M, Oh W, Widness JA: The effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia (HI) on red cell mass (RCM) in fetal sheep. Pediatr Res 21:378A, 1987.

192. Stonestreet BS, Ogburn PL, Goldstein M, Oh W, Widness JA: Prolonged fetal hyperinsulinemia (HI)rduces arterial arachidonic acid (AA) and thromboxame B 2 (Tx) concentrations. Pediatr Res

21:438A,1987.

193. Stonestreet BS, Santos Ocampo S, Goddard M, Oh W: Effects of hypoxia (H) and superimposed reductions in cardiac output (CO) on organ blood flow (Q) and O2 metabolism in piglets. Pediatr Res

21:389A, 1987.194. Togari H, Cha C-JM, Gelardi NL, Oh W: Ketone bodies & acetate are readily available substrates for brain energy metabolism in hypoglycemic newborn rats. Pediatr Res 21:379A,

1987.195. Togari H, Cha C-JM, Gelardi NL, Oh W: The effect of hypoglycemia and hyperoxia hypocarbia exposure on neonatal brain ARP contents: An age related phenomenon. Pediatr Res

21:379A, 1987.200. Vohr BR, Rapisardi G, Karp D, Oh W, Cashore WJ: The effect of moderate

hyperbilirubinemia on auditory brainstem response (ABR) in term infants. Pediatr Res 21:380A, 1987.

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201. McGarvey ST, Zinner SH, Rosner B, Willett WC, Oh W: Maternal prenatal dietary calcium and magnesium intake and infant blood pressure (BP). 28th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology, Sante Fe, New Mexico, 1987.

202. Bier J, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W, Vohr B: The impact of maternal transport on outcome in infants with a birth weight <750 grams. Pediatr Res 23:441A, 1988.203. Calvert S, Widness J, Oh W, Stonestreet B: Effects of maternal uterine hemorrhage (MUH) in

the sheep fetus. Pediatr Res 23:403A, 1988.204. Cha CJ, Gelardi N, Oh W: Generation effect of maternal hyperglycemia-induced fetal growth

acceleration. Pediatr Res 23:481A, 1988.205. Garcia-Coll C, Lester BM, Valcarcel M, Escober M, Ward A, Oh W: Effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on neonatal behavior. Pediatr Res 23:209A, 1988.

206. Ju SH, Vohr B, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W: Neurodevelopmental outcome of inborn (IB) and outborn (OB)low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr Res 23:449A, 1988.

207. Ju SH, Vohr B, Lester B, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W: Sleep patterns of preterm infants at 7 months

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corrected age. Pediatr Res 23:211A, 1988.208. Lasley L, Gelardi N, Oh W: Abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant intrauterine growth retarded

(IUGR) rats. Pediatr Res 23:487A, 1988.209. Lin CH, Gelardi N, Cha CJ, Oh W: Cerebral metabolic response to hypoglycemia (H) in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rat pups. Pediatr Res 23:416A, 1988.

210. Malone T, Stonestreet B, Werner JC, Goddard M, Signore A, Oh W: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in newborn piglets with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Pediatr Res 23:417A, 1988.

211. Vohr B, Lester, B, Peuker M, Oh W, Cashore W: Abnormal brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)correlates with acoustic cry features in term infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatr Res

23:428A, 1988.212. Vohr B, Garcia-Coll C, Mayfield S, Brann B, Shaul P, Oh W: Evolution of visual motor abnormalities from birth to 2 years in preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Pediatr Res 23:458A,1988.

213. Vohr B, Garcia-Coll C, Lobato D, Yunis K, O'Dea C, Gels D, Oh W: Neurodevelopmental and medical status of low birth weight (LBW) survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 10-12 years of age. Pediatr Res 23:458A, 1988.

214. Goldstein M, Spitale P, Rosenkrantz TS, Oh W: The effects of early postnatal dexamethasone (DEX) for respiratory distress (RD) in low birthweight (LBW) neonates. Pediatr Res 25:216A, 1989.

215. Maynard EC, Dreyer SA, Oh W: Prenatal cocaine exposure and hyaline membrane disease (HMD).

Pediatr Res 25:223A, 1989.216. Lin HC, Maguire C, Oh W, Cowett RM: Accuracy and reliability of glucose reflectance meters in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Pediatr Res 25:292A, 1989.

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217. Maynard EC, Indacochea F, Peter G, Oh W: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pregnancy outcome in intravenous drug users (IVDU): The Rhode Island (RI) experience.

Pediatr Res25:278A, 1989.218. Gelardi NL, Cha C-JM, Oh W: Mechanism of glucose intolerance in obese offspring of

streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Pediatr Res 25:290A, 1989.219. Yunis KA, Oh W, Kalhan S, Cowett RM: Mechanism of glucose perturbation following

intravenous fat infusion in the low birth weight infant. Pediatr Res 25:299A, 1989.220. O'Dea CE, Oh W, Vohr BR: Brainstem conduction time (BCT) in low birth weight infants

(LBW) with apnea of prematurity (AOP) related to abnormal neurological findings. Pediatr Res 25:259A, 1989.221. Meyer EC, Garcia Coll CT, Oh W, Boukydis CFZ, McDonough SC, Darrow DK, Reardon PA,

Lester BM: The effects of predischarge individualized psychosocial intervention (IPI) on mothers of very low birthweight infants. Pediatr Res 25:16A, 1989.222. Vohr BR, Rapisardi G, Karp D, O'Dea CE, Lester BM, Garcia Coll CT, Brown L, Oh W,

Cashore WJ: Behavioral changes correlated with cry characteristics and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in term infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatr Res 25:19A,

1989.223. Vohr BR, Garcia Coll CT, Roberts JD, Brown LJ, Oh W: Decreased morbidities during the first year in very low birth weight (<1250 grams) infants treated with single dose surfactant-TA

(STA) for prevention of RDS. Pediatr Res 25:235A, 1989.224. Coll CG, Halpern LF, Lester BM, Vohr BR, Oh W: Maternal behavioral intervention (MBI) with mothers of full-term (FT) intrauterine growth retarded infants (IUGR) accelerates postnatal

growth during the neonatal period. Pediatr Res 27:10A, 1990.

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225. Coll CG, Meyer EC, Boukydis CFZ, McDonough SC, Darrow DK, Reardon PA, Oh W, Lester BM: Individualized psychosocial intervention (IPI) decreases feeding difficulties and improves mother-infant interaction (MII) in very low birthweights. Pediatr Res 27:10A, 1990.

226. Dreyer SA, Oh W: Urinary nitrogen losses (UNL) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res27:282A, 1990.

227. Gelardi NL, Cha C-JM, Oh W: Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in obese offspring of diabetic rats by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Pediatr Res 27:190A, 1990.

228. Maynard EC, DeBuono B, Quill B, Oh W: Detection of HIV infection in a high risk prenatal clinica.Pediatr Res 27:95A, 1990.

229. Maynard EC, Hansen TWR, Cashore WJ, Oh W: Effect of endotoxin on entry of bilirubin into rat brain.Pediatr Res 27:215A, 1990.

230. Porcelli PJ, Reddy S, Oh W: Acute response of preterm infants to single dose calcium (Ca) infusion.

Pediatr Res 27:221A, 1990.

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231. Vohr BR, Coll CG, Oh W: Increased morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) small for

gestational age (SGA) infants with reduced head circumference (HC) at birth: A 2 year follow-up study. Pediatr Res27:260A, 1990.

232. Berns SD, Oh W: Patterns of utilization of an urban pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Res29:118A, 1991.

233. Bier JB, Ferguson A, Cho C, Oh W, Vohr BR: The impact of orotracheal intubation of low birth weight

(LBW) infants an oral motor development. Pediatr Res 29:251A, 1991.234. Brown B, Varma M, Vohr BR, Oh W: Maturation of vision evoked response (VER) wave forms in premature (PT) and fullterm (FT) infants tested at term. Pediatr Res 29:357A, 1991.

235. Coyle MG, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Effect of high (H) vs. low (L) dose indomethacin on brain blood flow and cerebral oxygen uptake (VO2) in hypoxic piglets. Pediatr Res 29:210A, 1991.236. Coyle MG, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Cerebral oxygenation (CeO2) in very low birth weight

(VLBW)infants in the first 11 hours of life. Pediatr Res 29:209A, 1991.237. Curran TR, Oh W, Gruppuso PA: Regulation of growth in primary cultures of fetal rat

hepatocytes(FHS). Pediatr Res 29:40A, 1991.

238. Gelardi NL, Hanson TWP, Oh W: Effect of postnatal nutrition on open field behavior and brain biochemical composition in rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Pediatr Res 29:295A.

239. Werner JC, Sicard RE, Hansen TWR, Solomon E, Cowett RM, Oh W: Untoward cardiac effects of dexamethasone therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pediatr Res 29:249A, 1991.

240. Vohr BR, Coll CG, Flanagan P, Oh W: Effect of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and socioeconomic status (SES) on cognitive, perceptual and neurologic status of low birth weight

(LBW) infants at 4 years of age. Pediatr Res 29:270A, 1991.241. Ng Josephine, Vohr BR, Oh W: Increased neonatal baer failures in small for gestational age (SGA) very low birth weight (VLBWI) infants. Pediatr Res 29:261A, 1991.

242. Coyle MG, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Effect of indomethacin on brain blood flow after hypoxia in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 31:199A, 1992.243. Partyka C, Gruppuso P, Curran T, Wankadiya K, Oh W, Reddy S: The role of 1,25-

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inthe fetal rat hypatocyte: Studies of growth regulation and local

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production. Pediatr Res 31:49A, 1992.244. Gelardi N, Kilguss N, Cashore W, Oh W: Composition and function of brain synaptosomes in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rates. Pediatric Res 31:288A, 1992.

245. Bier J, Ferguson A, Anderson L, Solomon E, Voltas C, Capuano S, Nye J, Gannon B, Brown R, Oh W, Vohr B: Breast feeding low birth weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr Res 31:88A, 1992.246. Chen SJ, Vohr B, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W: Effects of small for gestational age (SGA) and

gender on survival and outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 31: 244A, 1992.

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247. Alemany C, Oh W, Stonestreet B: Does endothelium-derived relaxing factor modulate the postprandial hyperemia in young piglets? Pediatr Res 31:191A, 1992.

248. Rothstein R, Hai CM, Oh W: Response of pulmonary arterial muscle tension to hypoxia: The role of potassium channels in bovine newborn and adult subjects. Pediatr Res 31:238A, 1992.249. Alemany C, Oh W, Stonestreet B: Modulation of postprandial hyperemia by endothelium-

derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is blunted in the newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 33:97A, 1993.250. Bauer K, Oh W, Dorcus B, Cowett RM: Comparison of the doubly labelled water (DLW) and the indirect calorimetry (IC) methods for expenditure and the measuring energy composition of

weight gain in preterm neonates. Pediatr Res 33:298A, 1993.251. Bauer K, Cowett R, Oh W: Preterm small for gestational age (SGA) neonates do not have the

postnatal weight and water loss of their appropriate for gestational age (AGA) weight peers. Pediatr Res 33:202A,1993.

252. Kleinman ME, Oh W, Stonestreet BS: Epinephrine delivery is more effective by the intravenous than the endotracheal route during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 33:219A,

1993.253. Meyer E, Garcia-Coll C, Oh W: Behavioral feeding intervention with preterm infants

improves caloric intake and maternal adjustment. Pediatr Res 33:14A, 1993.254. Rothstein RW, Hai CM, Oh W: Potassium channel activation during hypoxia decreases pulmonary arterial isometric force in bovine newborn and adult subjects. Pediatr Res 33:343A,

1993.255. Vohr BR, Garcia-Coll C, McGarvey ST, Oh W: Relationship between maternal prepregnant weight and weight gain during pregnancy on the anthropometric status and glucose metabolism in

children of gestational diabetics (GD) at 4 years of age. Pediatr Res 33:96A, 1993.256. Vivier PM, Lewander WJ, Block SJ, Simon PR, Linakis PG, Oh W: Is continuity of care preserved in children who utilize the pediatric emergency department (PED). Pediatr Res 33:96A,

1993.257. Ment LR, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, et al: Low dose indomethacin (I) and prevention of germinal

matrix and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IHV): A multicenter randomized trial. Pediatr Res 33:226A,1993.

258. Fletcher BD, Wright LL, Oh W, Younes N, Fanaroff AA, Shankaran S, Korones SB and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Evaluation of radiographic (CXR) scoring system for predicting outcomes of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with BPD. Pediatr Res 1993;33:326A

(presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, D.C., May 3-6, 1993).259. Horbar JD, Wright LL, Soll RF, Wright EC, Fanaroff AA, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Oh W and

the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. A multicenter randomized trial comparing two surfactants. Pediatr Res 1993;33:215A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, D.C., May 3-6, 1993).

260. Lemons JA, Mele L, Fanaroff A, Oh W, Stevenson D, Wright L and the NICHD Neonatal ResearchNetwork. Neonatal resuscitation at elective cesarean section. Pediatr Res 1993;33:267A.

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56 156

261. Stevenson DK, Vreman HJ, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Wright E, Wright L and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Bilirubin production in healthy term infants with and without

hemolysis. Pediatr Res 1993;33:238A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, D.C., May 3-6,1993).

262. Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Wright E, Wright L and the NICHD Cooperative Multicenter Network of Neonatal Intensive Care Units, Bethesda, MD.

Determination of end-tidal carbon monoxide and bilirubin production with a semiportable breath analyzer. Pediatr Res1993;33:242A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, D.C., May 3-6,

1993).263. Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Lemons JA, Wright E, Wright L and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network, Bethesda MD. Determination of end-tidal carbon monoxide

and bilirubin production with a semiportable breath analyzer. Clin Res 1993;41:23A (presented at The Western Society for Pediatric Research, Carmel, CA, 1993).264. Alemany C, Oh W Sadowska G, Stonestreet BS: Mesenteric vascular responses in newborn

piglets: Contribution of endothelium relaxing factor (EDRF). Pediatr Res 35:123A, 1994.265. Tyson J, Stoll B, Ehrenkranz R, Oh W, Wright L, Stevenson D, Lemons J, Verter J for the

NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Vitamin A to prevent chronic lung disease (CLD) in VLBW infants: Has the dose been too low? Pediatr Res 1994;35:321A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Seattle, WA, May 2-5, 1994).

266. Garcia Coll C, Meyer E, Kelly L, Leach T, Brillon L, Seifer R, Oh W: Behavioral intervention with preterm infants enhances maternal self-esteem and perceptions of infants characteristics at four months. Pediatr Res 35:21A, 1994.

267. Gelardi N, Kilguss N, Gruppuso P, Oh W: Glucose stimulated insulin secretion in isolated islets of macrosomic offspring of diabetic rats. Pediatr Res 35:202A, 1994.

268. Coyle M, Oh W, Petersson K, Stonestreet B: Effect of indomethacin (I) on 6-Keto-Prostaglandin-F1 (6- K-PGF1 ) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) after hypoxia (H) in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 35:220A, 1994.

269. Kim C, Vohr B, Oh W: Effects of maternal preeclampsia on brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER)of very low birth weight infants (VLBW) under 1,250 grams. Pediatr Res 35:233A, 1994.

270. Meyer E, Garcia Coll C, Kelly L, Brillon L, Seifer R, Oh W: Infant and maternal characteristics differentially predict neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) specific and general

maternal psychological distress. Pediatr Res 35:25A, 1994.271. Rothstein R, Oh W, Hai C: Endothelium derived relaxing ctor (EDRF) release dose not account for the differences in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in bovine newborn and adult

subjects. Pediatr Res35:351A, 1994.272. Tallo C, Vohr B, Oh W, Rubin L, Seifer D, Haning R: In vitro fertilization (IVF) associated

neonatal mortality and morbidity. Pediatr Res 35:288A, 1994.273. Vohr B, Scott D, Oh W, Ehrenkranz R, Allan W, Makuch R, Ment L: Sequelae of intraventricular hemorrhage and extreme prematurity at 18 months of age. Pediatr Res 35:290A,

1994.

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274. McDonald K, Hansen K, Singer D, Oh W, Adelson J: Necrotizing enterocolitis-like injury in

the rat is attentuated by allopurinol. Pediatr Res 35:240A, 1994.275. Kim C, Vohr B, Oh W: Effects of maternal hypertension (MHT) on neonatal morbidity in very

low birth weight (VLBW) infants under 1,250 grams. Pediatr Res 35:276A, 1994.276. Lipeski L, Oh W, Gruppuso P: A comparison of mitogenic signaling by transforming growth factor

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(TGF ) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in fetal rat hepatocytes (FH). Pediatr Res 35:71A, 1994.277. Bier J, Ferguson AE, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Archer D, Oh W, et al. Maternal reports of low-

birthweight (LBW) infants who are bottle vs. breast fed. Pediatr Res 37:13A, 1995.278. Ferguson AE, Bier J, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Archer D, Oh W, et al. Breast-feeding problems in mothers of low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 37:14A, 1995.

279. Meyer EC, Flanagan PJ, Garcia Coll CT, Nothnagle M, three others authors and Oh W. Adolescent mothers of preterm infants report greater stress and lower maternal self-esteem

than adult mothers. Pediatr Res 37:17A, 1995.280. Meyer EC, Garcial Coll CT, Seifer R, Kilis E, Ramos A, Kelly, Oh W. Preterm small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants differ on caloric intake

and mother-infant feeding interaction. Pediatr Res 37:17A, 1995.281. Kleinman ME, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Comparison between right atrial and femoral venous epinephrine administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Newborn Piglets.

Pediatr Res 37:49A, 1995282. Bier J, Ferguson AE, Liebling JA, Morales Y, Archer D, Oh W, Vohr B. Skin-to-skin contact

improves physiologic states of breast-fedd low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Pediatr Res 37:103A, 1995.283. AbuLaimoun BM, Gelardi N, Oh W. Effect of blood transfusion on recovery of anemia of

prematurity.Pediatr Res 37:191A, 1995.284. Kim CR, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Magnesium (Mg) is a cerebrovasodilator in Newborn Piglets.

PediatrRes 37:218A, 1995.

285. Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Oh W, Lemons JA, Verter J, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL. Dept. of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Variability of interlaboratory bilirubin measurements. Pediatr Res

1995;37:243A (presented at the Society for Pediatric Research, San Diego, CA, May 7-11, 1995).286. Garcia Coll C, Meyer EC, Halpern L, Seifer R, three other authors and Oh W. Feeding intervention and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have effects on post-natal growth of full

-term (FT) infants. Pediatr Res 37:256A, 1995.287. Bressler A, Oh W, Gelardi N, Chiu C, Kim C, Hensman A. Obstetricians pratice behavior following departmental guidelines for neonatal Group B Streptococcal (GBS) Disease

Chemoprophylaxis. Pediatr Res 37:288A, 1995.288. Farraf HM, Nawrath JM, Dorcus EJ, three other authors and Oh W. In the human preterm

neonate glucose utilization is more sensitive to insulin than is glucose production. Pediatr Res 37:306A, 1995.

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289. Farrag HM, Nawrath LM, Dorcus EJ, Healey JE, three other authors and Oh W. Ontogeny of glucose production and glucose oxidation in the Micropremie. Pediatr Res 37:307A, 1995.290. Rothstein RE, Oh W, Hai CM. ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATPCh) modulate

normoxic pulmonary arterial basal tone independent of EDRF release in bovine newborn subjects. Pediatr Res37:348A, 1995.

291. AbuLaimoun BM, Gelardi N, Cashore WJ, Oh W, Peter G. Immune response of preterm infants to

Hepatitis B vaccine. Pediatr Res 39:102A, 1996.292. Bier J, Ferguson AE, Morales Y, Liebling JA, Oh W, Vohr B. Breast-feeding improves physiologic states of extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (_800 gms). Pediatr Res

39:102A, 1996.293. KangSJ, Katz KH, Ment L, Oh W. Effects of increased use of low-dose prophylactic indomethacin and antenatal steroids on neonatal outcomes among VLBW infants. Pediatr Res

39:220A, 1996.

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294. Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Verter J, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Wright LL.NICHD Neonatal Research Network. In utero magnesium exposure: Risk of death and of

intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res1996;39:225A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996).

295. Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Wright LL. For NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal mortality and morbidities in very

low birth weight (VLBW) infants: A seven-year trend analysis of the Neonatal Research Network data. Pediatr Res1996;39:235A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8,

1996).296. Wright, LL, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Korones SA, Bauer CR, Oh W, et al. Impact of the NIH Concensus Development Conference on corticosteroids for fetal maturation: Increased Antenatal

Steroid Use in NICHD Network VLBW Infants. Pediatr Res 39:254A, 1996.297. Yanowitz, TD, Yao AC, Werner JC, Pettigrew KD, Oh W. Stonestreet BS. Hemodynamic

Maturation inVery low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 39:254A, 1996.298. Yanowitz TD, Yao AC, Werner JC, Pettigrew KD, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Effects of Low Dose

Prophylactic Indomethacin (plndo) on hemodynamics in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res39:255A, 1996.299. Meyer E, Garcia Coll C, Halpern L, Oh W, et al. Full-term small for gestational age (SGA)

infants have poorer mother-infant interactions at 8 months and lower verbal IQ at 3 years than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Pediatr Res 39:273A, 1996.

300. Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Vreman H, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Mele L, Wright LL. For the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Serum bilirubin, bilirubin production and weight loss in breast-fed only or formula-fed only well term infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:314A (presented at

The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996).301. Lemons J, Stevenson D, Verter J, Bauer C, Papile LA, Korones S, Stoll B, Oh W, Wright L. NICHD Neonatal Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland. In utero magnesium exposure: Risk of

death and of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:225A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996)

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302. Lemons J, Stevenson D, Vreman H, Oh W, Fanaroff A, Mele L, Wright L. For the NICHD Neonatal Research Network, Bethesda, Maryland. Serum bilirubin, bilirubin production and weight

loss in breastfed only or formula-fed only well term infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:314A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996)

303. Oh W, Fanaroff A, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Wright LL. The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal mortality and morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants: A seven-year trend analysis of the Neonatal Research Network data.

Pediatr Res1996;39:235A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996)

304. Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Vreman H, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Mele L, Wright LL. For the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Serum bilirubin, bilirubin production and weight loss in

breast-fed only or formula-fed only well term infants. Pediatr Res 1996;39:314A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8, 1996).305. Wright LL, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Oh W, Papile LA, Tyson JE,

Lemons JA, Stoll BJ. For the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Impact of the NIH Consensus Development Conference on Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation: Change in obstetric attitudes. Pediatr Res

1996;39:254A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 5-8,

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1996).306. Papile LA, Fanaroff AA, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, Wright LL for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Predicting nosocomial bacteremia In very low birth weight (VLBW) infants: Utility of the CRIB score. Pediatr Res 1997;41:167A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6, 1997).

307. Yanowitz TD, Yao AC, Pettigrew KD, Werner JC, Oh W, Stonestreet BS. Antenatal Steroids andHemodynamic Maturation of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants. Pediatr Res 41:188A, 1997308. Stoll BJ, Verter J, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Lemons JE, Oh W, et al. Racial Differences Among Very Low

Birthweight (VLBW) Neonates. Pediatr Res 41:211A, 1997.309. Wright LL, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Lemons JA, Oh W, et al. Increased antenal glucocorticoid use decreases mortality and morbidity in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network’s

very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 41:214A, 1997. (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6, 1997).

310. Kennedy KA, Verter J, Tyson JE, Stevenson DK, Wright LL, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Ehrenkranz RA, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Lemons JA. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Center differences in survival without chronic lung disease (CLD) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW)

infants are not explained by population differences, or the presence and early management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Pediatr Res 1997;41:256A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6,

1997).311. Papile LA, Fanaroff AA, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Bauer

CR, Oh W, Wright LL for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Predicting nosocomial bacteremia In very low birth weight (VLBW) infants: Utility of the CRIB score. Pediatr Res1997;41:167A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6,

1997).312. Stoll BJ, Verter J, Bauer CR, Korones SB, Lemons JA, Oh W, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Wright LL.NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Racial differences among very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates.

60 160

Pediatr Res 1997;41:211A. (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6,

1997).

313. Wright LL, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Lemons JA, Stoll BJ, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Oh W for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Increased antenatal glucocorticoid use decreases mortality and morbidity in the NICHD Neonatal Research NetworkOs very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1997;41:214A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6, 1997).

314. Kennedy KA, Tyson JE, Mele L, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Wright LL, Stevenson DK, Lemons JA, Verter J, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. How should normal values be defined and used for an abnormal population? Complexities highlighted in a multicenter trial of

vitamin A supplementation to prevent chronic lung disease (CLD) among extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:93A (The Society of Pediatric Research,

New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).315. Hertz DE, Fuller D, Davis T, Stevenson DK, Papile LA, Lemons JA. NICHD Neonatal Network.

Comparison of DNA probe technology and automated continuous-monitoring blood culture systems in the detection of neonatal bacteremia. Pediatr Res 1997;41:ciety for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6, 1997).

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316. Tyson JE, Younes N, Verter J and Stevenson DK for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.Epidemiology and ethics in developing guidelines for newborn intensive care (NIC) of extremely

premature (EP) newborns. (presented at The Society for Pediatric Epidemiologic Research (SPER) Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA, June 10-11, 1997).317. Wright LL, Verter J, Stevenson DK, Lemons JA, Stoll BJ, Korones SB, Bauer CR, Papile LA,

Oh W for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Increased antenatal glucocorticoid use decreases mortality and morbidity in the NICHD Neonatal Research Networkís very low birth

weight (VLBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1997;41:214A (presented at The Society for Pediatric Research, Washington, DC, May 2-6, 1997).318. Bada HS, Katsikiotis V, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Wright LL, Lester, B, Bowler A, Smeriglio

V, Verter J, Maza P, Finnegan L, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network, NIDA, ACYF, CSAT. Maternal Lifestyles Study (MLS): Combined effects of exposure to cocaine/opiates (C/O) and alcohol (A) or Tobacco (T) on intrauterine growth (IG). Pediatr Res 1998;43:206A (presented at

The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).319. Bigsby R, Case-Smith J, Lester BM, Pediatrics, Brown University School of Medicine,

School of Allied Medical Professions, Ohio State University. Eight month motor outcome in cocaine/opiate exposed infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:11A (ancillary publication, submitted to Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).

320. Dusick A, Vohr BR, Steichen JJ, Wright LL, Mele L, Verter J, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network Follow-up Study. Factors affecting growth outcome at 18 months in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:213A (presented at The Society of Pediatric

Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).321. Finer NN, Rhine WD, Verter J, The Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study (NINOS), Canadian

Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Outcome predictors in near term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure: Evaluation of NINOS control infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:214A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5,

1998).

61 161

322. Kennedy KA, Tyson JE, Mele L, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Wright LL, Stevenson DK,

Lemons JA, Verter J, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. How should normal values be defined and used for an abnormal population? Complexities highlighted in a multicenter trial of vitamin A supplementation to prevent chronic lung disease (CLD) among extremely low birth

weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:93A (submitted at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5,1998).

323. Lester BM, ElSohly M, Walls C, Wright LL, Smeriglio V, Verter J, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Bada HS, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network, NIDA, ACYF, CSAT. The Maternal Lifestyles

Study (MLS): Drug use of meconium toxicology and maternal self-report. Pediatr Res 1998;43:13A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).324. Lester BM, Tronick EZ, Seifer R, LaGasse LL, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Bada HS, Wright LL,

Smeriglio V, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network, NIDA, ACYF, CSAT. The Maternal Lifestyles Study: 1 month neurobehavioral outcome. Pediatr Res 1998;43:14A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).

325. Messinger DS, Bauer CR, Langer JC, LaGasse LL, Shankaran S, Bada HS, Lester BM, Wright LL, Katsikiotis V, Smeriglio V, Maza P, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network, NIDA, ACYF,

CSAT. Maternal Lifestyles Study (MLS): Prenatal cocaine/opiate exposure - Bayley II performance at one year. Pediatr Res 1998;43:222A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5,

1998).326. Peliowski A, Van Meurs K, Ehrenkranz RA, The NINOS Canadian Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The prognostic value of an oxygenation index

(OI) of >10 in premature infants >1500 g birth weight. Pediatr Res 1998;43:188A (presented at

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The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).327. Shankaran S, Bauer CR, Bada HS, Lester BM, Wright LL, Katsikiotis V, Verter J, The NICHD Multicenter Research Network. Maternal Lifestyles Study (MLS): Effect of cocaine-opiate

exposure during pregnancy on outcome at 1 year, a multicenter prospective, group-matched study. Pediatr Res1998;43:195A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5,

1998).328. Sokol GM, Ehrenkranz RA, Pediatrics, Indiana University, Pediatrics, Yale University, The

Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) declines during inhaled nitric oxide dose reduction (INO DR) in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure. Pediatr Res 1998;43:297A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5,

1998).329. Steichen JJ, Vohr BR, Dusick A, Wright LL, Verter J, Mele L, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network Follow-up Study. Developmental resource (D.R.) utilization and health outcome in

extremely low birthweight (ELBW) (401-1000 gm) infants. Pediatric Res 1998;43:230A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).

330. Tyson JE, Ehrenkranz RA, Stoll BJ, Wright LL, Mele L, Kennedy KA, Oh W, Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Verter J, The NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Vitamin (Vit) A supplementation to increase survival without chronic lung disease (CLD) in extremely low birth

weight (ELBW) infants: A 14-center randomized trial. Pediatr Res 1998;43:199A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).331. Vohr BR, Dusick A, Steichen JJ, Wright LL, Verter J, Mele L, The NICHD Neonatal Research

NetworkFollow-up Study. Neurodevelopmental and functional outcome of extremely low birth weight

(ELBW)

62 162

infants. Pediatr Res 1998;43:233A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, New

Orleans, LA, May 1-5, 1998).332. Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Poole K, Bearden-Branch A, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Wright LL. In utero magnesium exposure: effects on extremely low birth weight

(ELBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1999; 45:207A (presented at The Society of Pediatric Research, San Francisco, CA, May 1-4,1999).

333. Oh W, Lemons JA, Stevenson DK, Poole K, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Wright LL. The effects of low dose indomethacin prophylaxis (LDIP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Pediatr Res 1999; 45:216A (presented at The Society of Pediatric

Research, San Francisco, CA, May 1-4,1999).

333. Carlo WA, Stark AR, Bauer C, Donovan EF, Oh W, Papile LA, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Wright LL, Temprosa M, Poole K for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Effects of minimal ventilation in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of ventilator support and early

corticosteroid therapy in extremely- low-birth-weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104: 739.334. Hintz SR, Gaylord TD, Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Mele L, Stevenson DK, Nichd FT, Network NR; NICHD, Neonatal Research Network. Serum bilirubin levels at 72 hours by selected

characteristics in breastfed and formula-fed term infants delivered by cesarean section. Acta Paediatr. 2001 Jul;90(7):776-81.

335. Vohr BR, Oh W, Stewart EJ, Bentkover JD, Gabbard S, Lemons J, Papile LA, Pye R. Comparison of costs and referral rates of 3 universal newborn hearing screening protocols. J Pediatr. 2001

Aug;139(2):238-44.336. Lemons JA, Vohr B, Stevenson DK, Poole K, Das A, Bauer CR, Papile L, Korones SB, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Wright, LL. In utero magnesium exposure: effects on ELBW infants at 18 months

adjusted age. (The Society for Pediatric Research, April 27 – May 1, 2001).

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337. Stark AR, Carlo WA, Vohr BR, Papile L, Bauer, C, Donovan, E, Oh W, Shankaran, S, Tyson, JE, Wright, LL, Saha, S, Poole, K. Neurodevelopmental outcome and growth at 18-22 months in infants treated with early dexamethasone. (The Society for Pediatric Research, April 27 – May 1,

2001)338. Duara, S, Stoll, BJ, Wright, LL, Gard, C, Oh W, Fanaroff, AA, Poole, K, Goldberg RN, and Laptook AR for the Neonatal Research Network Early death in extremely low birthweight infants:

a changing profile over the past decade. Pediatr Res 2002;1722:296A (The Society for Pediatric Research May 4 – May 7,

2002).339. Hintz, SR, Kendrick, DE, Wright, LL, Poole, WK, Fanaroff,AA, Laptook, AR, Goldberg, R, Duara, S, Stoll, BJ, Oh W for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Mortality and major

morbidity among very low birthweight (VLBW) infants born at <25 weeks: How are we doing in the post-surfactant era? Pediatr Res 2002;1893:325A (The Society for Pediatric Research May 4 – May 7, 2002)

340. Poindexter B, Ehrenkranz RA, Koch M, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Wright LL, Lemons JA for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Parenteral glutamine supplementation in

ELBW infants: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Res 2002;1847:317A (The Society for Pediatric Research May 4 – May 7, 2002)

63 163

341. Poindexter B, Ehrenkranz RA, Koch M, Stoll BJ, Oh W, Bauer CR, Papile LA, Wright LL, Lemons JA for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation on plasma amino acid and ammonia concentrations in ELBW infants. Pediatr Res

2002;2213:380A342. Wadhawan, Fanaroff AA, Perritt R, Duara S, Stoll BJ, Goldberg R, Laptook AL, Poole K, Wright LL, Oh W. Does labor influence neonatal outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants

delivered by C-section? Pediatr Res 2002; 1714:294A (The Society for Pediatric Research May 4 – May 7, 2002)

343. Wadhawan, Fanaroff, AA, Perritt, R, Duara, S, Stoll, BJ, Goldberg, R, Laptook, AL, Poole, K, Wright LL and Oh W. Lack of early postnatal weight loss in very low birth weight infants is associated with a higher incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2002; 2150:370A

(The Society for Pediatric Research May 4 – May 7, 2002).344. Fanaroff, AA, Poole, WK, Duara, S, Goldberg, RN, Laptook, A, Oh W, Stoll, B, Wright, LL. . . .

Micronates:

401-500 Grams: The NICHD Neonatal Research Network Experience 1996-2001. Pediatr Res20032255:298A (The Society for Pediatric Research May 3 – May 7, 2003).

345. Bender J, Cashore WJ, Oh W. Bilirubin binding capacity is directly related to gestational age and clinical stability in very low birthweight neonates. PAS 2005:57:1291. (Presented at The

Society for Pediatric Research May15 – 17, 2005).

Chapters In Books

1. Oh W.: Pediatric Laboratory Diagnosis. In: Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis by Levinson, S.A., and

McFate, R.P. Lea and Febiger, 1969.2. Wu, P.Y.K., Oh W.: Evaluation of the Newborn. In: Rh Isoimmunization Erythroblastosis Fetalis, by

Charles, A., Alpern, W., Appelton-Century Crofts, New York, 1969.3. Wu, P.Y.K., Oh W.: Management of the Newborn. In: Rh Isoimmunization and Erythroblastosis

Fetalis, By Charles, A., Alpern, W., and Friedman, E.A., Appleton-Century Crofts, New York, 1969.4. Oh W.: Infant Nutrition and Feeding. In: Current Therapy, by Conn, H.F., W.B. Saunders Co.,

1971.5. Hohenaurer, I., Oh W.: Kalzium and Phospherhaushalt des neugeborenen in modern aspekte

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der

Kunstlichen Saulingsernahrung, by Berger, H., G.T. Verlag Stuttgart, 1971.

6. Erenberg, A., Oh W.: Asphyxia Neonatorium and Resuscitation. In: Current Therapy, by Conn,

H.F., W.B. Saunders Co., 1973.

7. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Management. In: Neonatology, by Avery, G.B., J.B. Lippincott &

Co.,

1975.

8. Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Normal infant feeding. In: Current Therapy, by Conn, H.F., W.B.

Saunders Co.,

1976.

9. Hakanson, D.O., Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Hyperviscosity and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Small

-for- Gestational-Age Infant. In: Intensive Care of the Newborn, by Stern, L., 1976.

64 164

10. Oh W., Stern, L.: Diseases of the Respiratory System. In: Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, by

Behrman, R.E., C.V. Mosby Co., 1977.

11. Oh W.: Neonatal Resucitation. In: Pain Control in Obstetrics, by Abouleish, E., J.B. Lippincott

Company, 1977.

12. Oh W.: The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In; Pain Control in Obstetrics, by Abouleish, E., J.B.

Lipincott

Company, 1977.

13. Oh W.: Regionalization of Perinatal Care. In: Clinical Perinatology, by Stern, L., W.B.

Saunders

Company, 1977.

14. Oh W.: Neonatal Complications and Outcome of Intrauterine Growth Retardation. In: Clinical

Obstetrics and Gynecology, by Frigoletto, E., Harper & Rowe, 1977.

15. Oh W.: Neonatology. In: Textbook of Pediatrics, by Hoekelman, R., 1977.

16. Schwartz, R., Widness, J.A., Oh W., Thompson, D., Schwartz, R.: Glycohemoglobin in diabetic

pregnant women and their newborn. In: Intensive Care in the Newborn, II, by Stern, L., 1978.

17. Stonestreet, B.S., Oh W.: The renal effects of furosemide therapy in the low birth weight

infant. In: Intensive Care in the Newborn, II, by Stern, L., 1978.

18. Bell, E.F., Oh W.: Nutritional care of the ventilated baby. In: Assisted Ventilation of the

Newborn, by

Goldsmith, J.P., and Karotkin, E.H., W.B. Saunders Company, 1979.

19. Oh W., Widness, J.: Intrauterine Growth Retardation. In: Controversy in Obstetrics and

Gynecology, by

Zuspan, F., W.B. Saunders Company, 1979.

20. Oh W.: Necrotizing Enterocolitis. In: Current Therapy, by Gellis, S.S., W.B. Saunders

Company, 1979.

21. Oh W.: Disorders of the Umbilicus. In: Current Therapy, by Gellis, S.S., W.B. Saunders

Company, 1980.

22. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Management. In: Neonatology, by Avery, G.B., J.B. Lippincott &

Co.,

1980.

23. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Neonatal Equipment: Incubators, Radiant Warmers, and Ventilators. In:

Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1981.

24. Laptook, A.R., Oh W.: Acid Base Disorders. In: Critical Care Medicine: Principles and

Practices, by

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Weil, M.H., et al., J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1981.25. Boyle, R.J., Oh W.: Transcutaneous pO2, by Hochberg, H.M., et al., Williams and Wilkins, 1981.

26. Oh W.: Intrauterine Growth Retardation. In: Gastrointestinal Development and Infant Nutrition, byLebenthal, E., Raven Press, 1981.

27. Oh W.: Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Disorders of the Umbilicus. In: Current Pediatric Therapy, by

Gellis, S.S., and Kagan, B.M., 1982.

65 165

28. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy. In: Neonatal Medicine-Medicine Neonatale. Eds.,

Stern, L., andVert, P., 1982.29. Oh W., Stern, L.: Pulmonary Disorders in the Newborn. In: Neonatal Medicine-Medicine

Neonatale.Eds., Stern, L., and Vert, P., 1982.30. Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Normal Infant Feeding. In: Current Therapy, by Conn, H.F., 1981.

31. Oh W.: Neonatal Care and Long Term Outcome of Infants of Diabetic Mothers. In: The Diabetic

Pregnancy: A Perinatal Perspective, by Merkatz, I.R., and Adam, P.A.J., Grune & Stratton, 1979.32. Oh W.: Renal Function and Clinical Disorders in the Neonate. In: Clinics in Perinatology. Perinatal

Nephrology Symposium. Guest Ed., John E. Lewy, W.B. Saunders Company, June, 1981.33. Widness, J.A., Oh W.: Intrauterine Growth Retardation: The Current Approach to Perinatal Diagnosis and Management. In: Controversy in Obstetrics and Gynecology, III, Ed., Christian,

C.D., W.B. Saunders Company, 1981.34. Oh W., Coustan, D.: Intrauterine Fetal Growth Retardation: Peraintal Diagnosis and

Management.Annales Nestle 40(2):17-29, 1982.35. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy and Parenteral Nutrition in Low Birth Weight Infants.

In: Clinics in Perinatology 9(3):637-643, Oct., 1982.36. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy and Parenteral Nutrition in Low Birth Weight Infants. In: Clinics in Perinatology, Neonatal Body Water Homeostasis. Ed., Wu, P.Y.K., 9(3):637-643,

1982.37. Oh W.: Fluid and Electrolyte Management in Low Birth Weight Infants. In: Pediatric Nephrology, Martinus-Nijhoff Publishers. 5l-56, 1983.

38. Oh W.: Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In Current Pediatric Therapy; Gellis, S. S. and Kagan, B.M.; W.

B. Saunders Company, 1983.39. Oh W.: Disorders of the Umbilicus. In Current Pediatric Therapy; Gellis, S. S. and Kagan, B. M.; W. B.

Saunders Company, 1983.40. Oh W.: Pediatric considerations of Intrauterine Growth Retardation. J. B. Lippincott Co.; Philadelphia, PA; 3:1-9, 1984.

41. Oh W.: Fluid and electrolyte problems in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In: Respiratory Distress Syndrome. (eds) Raivio KO, Hallman N, Kouvalainen K, Valimaki I. Academic

Press Inc. (London) Ltd. 279-286, 1984.42. Oh W.: Problems in the IUGR Neonate. In: Management of the High-Risk Pregnancy. (ed) Queenan JT.

Medical Economics Co. Oradell, New Jersey, 1984.43. Oh W.: The Infant of a Diabetic Mother. In: Current Therapy in Neonatal Perinatal Medicine 1985-86.

NM Nelson, BC Decker Inc. 1985.

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44. Oh W: Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Current Pediatric Therapy 12; Gellis SS and Kagan BM.W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 700-703, 1986.

66 166

45. Oh W: Neonatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity: The pathophysiological role of placental transfusion.

In: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology in the Fetus and Neonate. M Monset-Couchard (Ed) J Lippey Eurotext, London, 83-92, 1986.

46. Oh W: Glucose metabolism in Parenteral Nutrition of Newborn Infants. In: Energy and Protein NeedsDuring Infancy. Academic Press Inc. Chapter 13:207-214, 1986.

47. Oh W: Neonatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity. In: The Newborn II. Pediatric Clinics of NorthAmerica. 33(3):523-532, 1986.

48. Brubakk AM, Oh W, Laptook AR, Yao AC, Bratlid D, Stonestreet BS: Autoregulation of Brain BloodFlow in the Newborn Piglet. In: Physiologic Foundations of Perinatal Care II. Elsevier Publishers

362-382, 1987.

49. Oh W: Renal Function and Fluid Therapy in High Risk Infants. In: Perinatal Nephrology. Biology of theNeonate 53:230-236, 1988.

50. Nowicki PT, Oh W: Intestinal Vascular Regulation During Development. In: Textbook ofGastroenterology and Nutrition in Early Childhood. (ed Lebenthal E.) 198851. Oh W, Coustan DR: Intrauterine Growth Retardation. In: Textbook of Gastroenterology and

Nutrition inInfancy, Second Edition. Raven Press, Ltd. Chapter 5:35-44, 1989.

52. Oh W: The Infant of a Diabetic Mother. In: Current Therapy in Neonatal Perinatal Medicine -2. B.C.Decker, Inc., 1990.

53. Oh W: Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, Volume II. (eds: Polin R, Fox W.) W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1992.54. Oh W: Fluid and Electrolyte Management in Newborn Infants. In: Pediatric Nephrology, Third

Edition. (eds: Holliday MMA, Barratt TM, Avner ED) Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1994.54. Rosencrantz TS, Oh W: Polycythemia. In: Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: Mechanisims, Management and the Risks of Practice, Second Edition (eds: Sunshine P, Stevenson DK) Oxford

University Press Great Britain, 1995.55. Rosencrantz TS, Oh W: Polycythemia and hyperviscosity in the newborn. In: Neonatal

Hematology,ed: Alcaron, de P,University Press Cambridge, England, 2004

Other Presentations And Letters To The Editor

1. Lind, J., Arcilla, R.A., Oh W., et al.: Physiologic adaptation to placental transfusion. Scientific

Exhibits - Internataional Congress of Pediatrics, Toyko, Japan, 1965.2. Oh W.: New advances in newborn care. Taped in Audio Digest, 16:9, 1970.3. Oh W.: Consultation session on neonatology. Taped in Audio Digest. 17:2, 1971.

4. Oh W.: Respiratory disease in the newborn. Taped in Audio Digest, March, 1973.

67 167

5. Leake, R.D., Schroder, K., Benton, E., Oh W.: Soy based formula in the management of infantile

diarrhea.Scientific Exhibit. International Congress of Pediatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1974.

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6. Anthony, B.F., Hobel, C.J., Oh W., Okada, D.: Group B Streptococcal infections in the neonate. J.Pediatr. 84:609,1974.

7. Siegel, S., Fisher, D.A., Oh W.: Renal functions in respiratory distress syndrome. J. Pediatr.8. Oh W.: Recent advances in neonatology. Asian Pediatric Congress, 1974.9. Oh W.: Respiratory distress syndrome. Taped in Audio Digest, December, 1974.

10. Cowett, R.M., Peters, G., Hakanson, D.O., Oh W.: More on the use of umbilical blood for bacterial cultures. J. Pediatr. 89:861, 1976.

11. Oh W.: Book Review - Perinatal Medicine by Evans, H., and Gloss, L., in JAMA, 236:1512, 1976, Harper& Rowe, New York.

12. Cowett, R.M., Susa, J.B., Schwartz, R., Oh W.: Concentration of parenteral glucose solution. Pediatrics59:790-791, 1977.

13. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: Foam stability predictions of respiratory distress in infants delivered by repeat cesarean section. N. E. J. Med. 296:455, 1977.

14. Boyle, R., Oh W.: The use of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight infants. Heart Alert. 1977.15. Cowett, R.M., Doyle, P.E., Chandler, B.D., Yao, A.C., Oh W.: Foam stability test on gastric

juice in neonates. N. E. J. Med. 297:789, 1977.16. Cowett, R.M., Oh W.: The shake test and the respiratory distress syndrome. N. E. J. Med. 296:1236,

1977.17. Ross, B.S., Oh W.: Renal function of low birth weight infants during the first wo months of

life. Pediatr.Digest, 1979.18. Oh W.: R.L.F. and risk: Benefit assessment in perinatal medicine. Hospital Practice, 16:9,

1981.19. Oh W.: Retrolental Fibroplasia: A Model for Risk: Benefit Assessment by Clinicians in Perinatal

Medicine, Hospital Practice, May, 1981.20. Cashore, W.J., Oh W.: Neonatal Jaundice: Exchange Transfusion, Phototherapy or Observation?

Consultant, 23:51-57, 1983.21. Oh W.: Peripheral Circulatory Response to feeding in newborn low-birth-weight infants.

Editorial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 3:14, 1984.22. Book Review: Human Milk Banking. Williams AF and Baum JD (Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series, Volume 5). Raven Press, New York, NY in JAMA 254(7):968, 1985.

68 168

23. Forward for Care of the High Risk Neonate (3rd Ed) Klaus MH and Fanaroff AA. W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, 1986.

24. Oh W: Collected Letters. International Correspondence Society of Obstetricians & Gynecologists 28(10), October, 1987.25. Nowicki, P.T., Oh W.: The Effect of Aminophylline on Gastrointestinal Blood Flow and

OxygenMetabolism in the Conscious Newborn Lamb. Editorial J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 9(1), 1989.

26. Tsang R.C., Oh W.: Beginning an Academic Medical Career: Research, Writing, Speaking. RossLaboratories, 1990.

27. Oh W, Fanaroff AA, Lawrence RA: Issues on Breast-Feeding. American Academy of Pediatrics Update11(6), 1990. Editorship

1. Perinatology, Neonatology, Pediatric Nutrition Currents, Ross Laboratories, 1977.

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2. Stern, L., Friis-Hansen, B., Oh W.: Intensive Care of the Newborn, Vol. II, Masson Publishing USA, Inc.,1978.4. Oh W.: Pediatric Clinics of North American, The Newborn. W.B. Saunders Company 29:5

(October),1982.5. Gabbe SG, Oh W: Infant of the Diabetic Mother, Report of the Ninety-Third Ross Conference

on PediatricResearch. Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories, 1987.

6. Oh W, Schiff D, Bratlid D: Current Topics in Neonatology. Seminars in Perinatology 1992:16(3)161-204.7. Oh W, Schiff D, Bratlid D, Vert P: Current Topics in Neonatology. Seminars in Perinatology

1994:18(1)1-41.8. Hauth JC, Dooley SL, Merenstein GB, Oh W: Guidelines for Perinatal Care, Fourth Edition, AAP and

ACOG 1997.9. Vert,P and Oh,W: Seminar in Perinatology 18th International Perinatal Collegium Seminar in

Perinatology28:1 2004.

69 169

Scholarly Presentations And Visiting Professorships

1980198019801980

February 5 Symposium at Springfield, Springfield, Massachusetts

February 11-13 Conference on the Newborn, Aspen, ColoradoFebruary 18-20 International Symposium on Brain Injury, Mexico City, Mexico February 29 Symposium, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts March 20 Pediatric Grand

Rounds, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts April 21-23 Visiting Professor, Fitzsimmons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado April 24-25 American Academy of Pediatrics,

Scientific Exhibit, Las Vegas, Nevada May 7 Visiting Professor, Upstate University of New YorkMay 12-24 Symposium at Women's Hospital, Long Beach, CaliforniaAugust 6-8 Perinatal Nursing Symposium, Montreal, Canada

September 1-5 European Congress of Perinatal Medicine, Barcelona, SpainSeptember 15-18 Perinatal Research SocietySeptember 22-24 Midwest Perinatal Research Society, Woodstock, Illinois

October 7-10 Visiting Professor, University of Child, Santiago and Concepcion, ChileOctober 29-31 Annual Newborn Symposium, Louisville, KentuckyNovember 5-8 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Course, New

Orleans, Louisiana

1981198119811981

January 18-22 Annual Pediatric Postgraduate Course, Hollywood, FloridaFebruary 10 Lecture, New Hospital, Newport, Rhode IslandFebruary 27-28 First Annual Florida Neonatal Society Meeting, St. Petersberg, Florida

March 8 First Renato Guerrero Memorial Lecture, New York City, New YorkMarch 12-16 Southeastern Conference on Perinatal Research, Innisbrook, FloridaApril 8-11 Fifth Ross Seminar in Perinatal Medicine, Phoenix, Arizonia

70 170

April 22 Presentation, Newport Naval Regional Medical Center, Newport, RhodeApril 27-30 Annual American Pediatric and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, San

Francisco, California

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May 1 Symposium on Neonatal Body Water Homeostasis, Los Angeles, California

May 6-8 Berkley Conference on Perinatal Research, Cadiz, Kentucky

May 13-14 Rhode Island Medical Society Symposium, Providence, Rhode Island

May 25-29 II International Course in Perinatal Medicine, Pampalona, Spain

June 3-5 Genetic Symposium, Providence, Rhode Island

July 14-17 Fifth Annual Pediatric Seminar, Colby, Maine

August 1-5 Basil O'Connor Advisory Committee Meeting, Carmel, California August 9-14 Second

National Symposium in Perinatology, Manila, The Philippines August 15-19 The World

Symposium of Perinatal Medicine, San Francisco, California August 23-28 International Perinatal

Association Conference, St. Adele, Quebec, Canada September 12 Third Annual Symposium on

Perinatal Medicine, Buffalo, New York September 20-22 Perinatal Research Society, Mont

Tremblant, Canada

October 4-6 New England Perinatal Conference, Chatham, Cape Cod, Massachusetts October 8-9

Greater Issues of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham, Alabama October 15-16 Postgraduate

Course on Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Chicago, Illinois

October 31- Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, New Orleans, November 3

Orleans, Louisiana

November 5-8 The National Nursing Symposium on Neonatal Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois

November 16-20 Venezuelan Pediatric Symposium, San Cristobal, Venezuela

December 8 Queens Pediatric Society, Brooklyn, New York

December 10-11 Third Annual Mississippi Perinatal Postgraduate Course, Jackson, Mississippi

71 171

1982198219821982

January 12-13 Western Ohio Pediatric Society Meeting, Dayton, Ohio

January 29 Grand Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

February 1-2 Pediatric Nephology Seminar IV, Bal Harbour, Florida

February 10 Lecture, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York

February 15-18 Ninth Neonatal & Infant Respiratory Symposium, Aspen, Colorado

March 22-24 3rd Annual New England Regional Genetics Conference, Providence, Rhode Island

April 1-2 Alton Goldbloom Memorial Lecturer, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

April 5-6 35th Annual Medical Symposium, Greensboro, North Carolina April 23 Eighth Annual

Pediatric Postgraduate Course, Louisville, Kentucky April 29-30 Abbott Laboratories

Conference, Washington, D.C.

May 5-6 Rhode Island Medical Society Symposium, Providence, Rhode Island

May 11-13 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Washington, D.C.

May 15 12th Annual Meeting of the Great Plains Organization for Perinatal Health Care,

Minneapolis, Minnesota

May 19-21 28th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Association of House Staff Physicians,

Oklahoma

City, Oklahoma

June 20-22 2nd International Symposium of Infant Nutrition & the Development of

Gastrointestinal

Tract, Buffalo, New York

June 23-25 4th Annual New York Metropolitan Conference on Perinatal Research, Montauk, Long

Island, New York

July 19-21 Basil O'Connor Starter Research Advisory Committee Meeting, Newport Beach,

California

July 22 Lecture, Informal Research Colloquium, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los

Angeles, California

July 22 Rounds and Discussion, University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles,

California

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August 10 Lecture, Sigrid Juselius Symposium on Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Helsinki, FinlandSeptember 12-14 13th Annual Perinatal Research Society, Carefree, Arizonia

72 172

September 24-26 Pediatric Postgraduate Education Council, New Orleans, LouisiannaSeptember 29- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Research

October 1 Planning Workshop on "Physical Activity in Pregnancy", Washington, D.C.October 3-5 Eighth Annual New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham Bars, Cape

Cod, MassachusettsOctober 13-14 Breast Feeding Symposium, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island

October 17-20 Guest lecturer, Children's Hospital, Denver, ColoradoOctober 28 Annual American Academy of Pediatrics Meeting, New York New YorkNovember 4-5 Ninth Annual Perinatal Seminar, Temple, Texas November 11-12 Second Annual

Nursing Symposium, Washington, D.C. November 16-17 "Clinical Advances in Pediatrics" Seminar, Kansas City, Missouri

1983198319831983

March 4 Guest lecturer, The Sixth Annual Margaret I. Handy Memorial Newborn Lectureship, The Wilmington Medical Center, Wilmington, Delaware.

March 16 Grand Rounds, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.April 6 Grand Rounds, Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Maternal and Child Health; Hanover, New Hampshire.

May 28 Guest Lecturer, the Philippine Medical Association in America, the 35th Anniversary andRecognition Celebration, New York, New York.June 13-17 Lecturer, The International Neonatal Intensive Care Collegium, Spetses, Greece.

July 20-24 Faculty Member, The Sixth Annual National Symposium of Perinatal Nursing, Chicago, Illinois.

August 29 Participant, Specialty Review in Neonatology/Perinatology Course, TheSeptember 2 Cook County Graduate School of Medicine; Chicago, IllinoisSeptember 11-12 Grand Rounds/Student Seminar; Boston City Hospital and Boston University

School ofMedicine in Boston, Massachusetts.September 22-23 Faculty Member, 15th Memphis Conference on the Mother, Fetus, and

Newborn, University of Tennessee, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee.September 30- Faculty Member, Tenth Annual Pediatrics for the Practicing Physician

73 173

October 1 Perrysburg, Ohio.October 26 Faculty Member, Intrauterine Growth Retardation Symposium by Mount Sinai

Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.November 18-21 Faculty Member, the Fifth Annual Las Vegas Seminars, Pediatric Update by theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, California Chapters 1, 2 & 3, Las Vegas, Nevada.

1984198419841984

January 22-26 Faculty Member, Miami Children's Hospital's 19th Annual Pediatric PostgraduateCourse, Continuing Education in Pediatrics - 1984, Bal Harbour, Florida.

February 4-11 Faculty Member, Ten Crucial Months, Ovum to Newborn Symposium, Vail, Colorado. February 22-24 Lecturer, III International Course on Neonatal Intensive Care, Madrid, Spain.

March 21 Grand Rounds, State University of New York, University Hospital, Syracuse, New York.

of 153


April 11-13 Guest Faculty, Townsend Teaching Day in Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine, the University of Rochester and Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York.April 18-19 Grand Rounds, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, Georgia.

May 9 Faculty Member, Problems and Controversies in Newborn Medicine Seminar, theNorwalk Hospital; Norwalk, Connecticut.June 17-19 Moderator, Conference "Factors Influencing the Development of the Oral Cavity,"

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.July 5-8 Faculty Member, The 7th Annual National Symposium of Perinatal Nursing, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania.July 9-13 Faculty Member, The Eighth Annual Seminar "Current Topics in Pediatrics" at ColbyCollege, Waterville, Maine.

September 8-12 Program Co-Chairman/Faculty Member, The World Symposium of PerinatalMedicine,Washington, D.C.September 15-20 Seminar on Neonatal Physiology, the Annual Meeting of the American

Academy ofPediatrics,Chicago, Illinois.

September 30- Perinatal Research Society 15th Annual Meeting, Carefree, ArizonaOctober 2October 6-7 New England Perinatal Research Meeting,Newport, Rhode Island.

October 25-27 Second International Conference on Gestational Diabetes, Chicago, IllinoisNovember 1 HH Shuman Annual Lecture, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts

74 174

November 16-18 Faculty Member, American Academy of Pediatrics General Pediatrics Course No. 4, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia.November 19-21 Visiting Professor, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Novemger 28 Guest Speaker, VII Perinatal Meeting, Caracas, VenezuelaDecember 1

December 6-7 Guest Speaker, Fourth Annual Bristol-Myers Symposium on Nutrition Research "Energy and Protein Needs during Infancy," Washington, DCDecember 9-11 Guest Speaker at the Ross Laboratories Neonatal Regional Conference on

Current Issues in Stowe, Vermont

1985198519851985

January 13-15 Western Conference on Perinatal Research, Palm Springs, California

January 17 Developmental Physiology Seminars on "Developmental Metabolism and Nutrition", Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, California.January 24-26 Guest Speaker, John Lind Memorial Symposium on Developmental Physiology,

Paris, France.March 5 Grand Rounds, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center

March 13-15 Visiting Professor, The Children's Hospital of Boston.March 17-20 Guest Speaker, 90th Ross Conference, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and RelatedChronic Respiratory Disorders, Carefree, Arizona.

March 20-22 Guest Speaker, The Ohio Perinatal Association's Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio. April 2 Grand Rounds, Hartford Hospital, Hartfort, Connecticut.April 10 Grand Rounds, The Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

April 22-23 A Seminar in Neonatology, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.May 23-25 Faculty Member, American Academy of Pediatrics "General Pediatrics" Course #8,

Hilton Head, South Carolina.June 16-21 Program Co-Chairman, International Neonatal Intensive Care Collegium, Chatham, Massachusetts

July 7-16 Visiting Professor, University of Hong Kong and at Kobe University School of Medicine in Kobe, Japan.

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75 175


California.September 1-7 Guest Professor, XXIV Venezuelan Pediatric Meeting, Maracaibo City, Venezuela. September 11-12 Guest Speaker, Perinatology/Neonatology: A Look to the Future at the Maine

MedicalCenter in Portland.September 29- Annual Perinatal Research Society Meeting, Chatham, Massachusetts. October 1

October 13-17 Guest Speaker, The Fetus and Newborn, State of the Art Conference, San Diego, California.

November 6 Guest Speaker, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center Perinatal Neurologic Insult - A Symposium on Perinatal and Developmental Management.November 19-26 Referee for Thesis Defense for former fellow, Dr. Ann-Mari Brubakk,

Amsterdam. December 12 Guest Speaker, South County Hospital, Wakefield, Rhode Island.

1986198619861986

January 22-34 Site Visit, Columbia University, New York, New York.

January 30- Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society for Perinatal Obstetricians, SanFebruary 1 Antonio, Texas.

March 12 Grand Rounds, Memorial Hospital, Pawtucket, RI.March 23-25 Faculty Member, 13th Neonatal & Infant Respiratory Symposium, Vale, Colorado. April 12-17 American Academy of Pediatrics Spring Session, Orlando, Florida.

May 5-6 Guest Speaker, The National Conference of Neonatal Nursing, New York, New York.May 6-9 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, Washington, D.C.

May 29-30 Program Moderator, Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island.

June 24 Guest Speaker, Sturdy Memorial Hospital Pediatric Conference, Attleboro, Massachusetts.June 27 Grand Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. July 11-20 XVIII

International Congress of Pediatrics, Honolulu, Hawaii.

76 176


California.August 4-8 Visiting Professor, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire. October 5-7 Annual Perinatal Research Conference, Chatham, Massachusetts

October 9-10 Keynote Speaker, "The Newborn - Update 1986," Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada.October 21-22 Guest Speaker, Midwest Regional Conference on Neonatal Transport, Columbus,

Ohio. November 16-18 Program Co-Chairman, 93rd Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, "Infant of the

Diabetic Mother," Carefree, Arizona.November 20-21 Advisory Board Meeting, Perinatal Research Institute, Children's Hospital Medical

Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.November 28- Wyeth Visiting Professor, Pediatric Update Series in Taiwan andDecember 4 Kong.

December 16 Grand Rounds, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. December 19 Grand Rounds, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

1111999988887777

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January 4-7 Sub Board Meeting, American Board of Pediatrics, Key West, Florida. January 27 Grand Rounds, Framingham Union Hospital, Framingham, Massachusetts. March 1-4 Faculty Member, XXI Aspen Conference on the Newborn, Aspen, Colorado. March 7-12 Faculty Member,

Ninth Annual Vail Pediatrics Conference, Vail, Colorado.March 12-15 Participant, 17th Annual Combined Southern California Pediatric Postgraduate Meeting, Palm Springs, California.

March 31- Grand Rounds, The University of Texas Health Science CenterApril 2 Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas.

Apri1 27- Annual American Pediatric Society and The Society for PediatricMay 1 Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, Anaheim, California.May 28-29 Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island.

June 4-6 Guest Faculty, Advances in Pediatrics IV, sponsored by the American Academy ofPediatrics, Williamsburg, Virginia.June 7-12 Program Co-Chairman and Faculty Moderator, International Neonatal Intensive Care

Collegium, Sassari, Italy.

77 177

June 13-14 Guest Speaker, Annual Neonatal Meeting, Brussels, Belgium.

July 8 Brown/Dartmouth Faculty Colloquium Steering Committee Meeting, Darmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.

July 17 Grand Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode IslandJuly 20-22 Guest Faculty, Current Topics in Pediatrics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.July 27-29 Basil O'Connor Starter Research Advisory Committee Meeting, Newport Beach,

California.July 30 Guest Speaker, Dr. Jack Scott Memorial Lecture, Valley Children's Hospital, Fresno, California.

September 9-11 Guest Faculty, Second Annual Care of the Sick Newborn Conference, The Children's

Hospital, Denver, Colorado.September 17-18 Guest Speaker, Neonatal Symposium, Marfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin. September 24 Guest Faculty, Neonatal Nursing Confence, Omaha, Nebraska.

September 27-29 18th Annual Meeting, Perinatal Research Society, Chatham, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. October 1 Guest Faculty, "Neonatology - The Sick Newborn" Conference, Savannah, Georgia. October 4-5 Annual New England Conference on Perinatal Research at

Chatham, Massachusetts. October 5-8 Co-Chairman, "World Symposium of Perinatal Medicine" in Montreal, Canada.October 26-30 March of Dimes 1987 Visiting Professor in Pediatrics, Los Angeles County

Chapter, LosAngeles, California.

November 15-17 Ross Neonatology Conference, Newport, Rhode Island.November 21 Guest Faculty, "Perinatal Update Conference, Montgomery, Alabama.November 29-30 Perinatal Research Institute National Advisory Committee Annual Meeting,

Cincinnati, Ohio.December 8 Grands Rounds, Framingham Union Hospital, Framingham, Massachusetts.December 9-11 Grand Rounds, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,

Texas.

78 178

1988198819881988

January 8 Grand Rounds, The Worcester Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts. January 8 Consultant, ECMO Review Group, The Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. January 20-21

of 153


Guest Faculty, Tenth Annual Conference of the Idaho Perinatal Project, Boise, Idaho. February 4 Grand Rounds, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York.March 14-15 NICHD Perinatal Emphasis Research Center Annual Directors Meeting, Denver,

Colorado.April 4-5 Guest Speaker, Far Eastern University Postgraduate Course in Pediatrics, Manila, Philippines

April 6-7 Plenary Speaker, 25th Annual Convention of the Philippine Pediatric Society, Manila, The Philippines.

April 9 Renato MA. Guerrero Memorial Lecturer at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, ThePhilippines.April 18-20 Visiting Speaker, Maricopa-Pima Visiting Professor Program, Phoenix, Arizona.

April 20-21 Visiting Professor, Neonatology Research Seminar, Tucson Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona.April 25-29 Guest Speaker, Continuing Medical Education Course No. 8 (American Academy of

Pediatrics), Hilton Head, South CarolinaMay 2-5 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Washington, D.C.May 5-6 The National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine Health Care TechnologyForum, Washington, D.C.

May 26-27 Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island.June 13-15 National Perinatal Information Center Conference "Perinatal Regionalization: Revisited," Newport, Rhode Island.

July 13-15 The National Board of Medical Examiners Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.July 19-20 Guest Speaker, "Neonatal Infections and the Role of Immunotherapy," Huron, Ohio.

July 21 Guest Speaker, "The 4th Annual Growth and Challenge: Advances in Perinatal MedicineConference," Colorado Springs, Colorado.September 14 Guest Speaker, "Third Annual Symposium: Perinatal-Neonatal Health Issues."

Detroit, Michigan.

79 179

September 19 Guest Speaker, "Marvin Green, M.D. Memorial Neonatal Lecture," Suffolk Pediatric

Society, New York.September 26-28 19th Annual Meeting of the Perinatal Research Society, San Diego, California.October 1-2 Guest Faculty, American Academy of Pediatrics Continuing Medical Education

Course"Pediatrics for the Practitioner," Newport, Rhode Island.October 5 Guest Speaker, Sturdy Memorial Hospital, Attleboro, Massachusetts.

October 9-11 Annual New England Conference on Perinatal Research at Chatham, Massachusetts. October 13-14 Guest Speaker, 14th Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Perinatal

Organization, Rochester,Minnesota.October 18-21 Guest Faculty, 57th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, San

Francisco, California.November 3-4 Visiting Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.November 15-20 Guest Faculty, University of Miami Annual Postgraduate Course, Key Biscayne,

Florida.

1989198919891989

January 19 Guest Lecturer, University of Puerto Rico Seminar in Neonatology, San Juan, PuertoRico.February 7 Grand Rounds, St. Francis Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut. February 10 Grand

Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.February 24-26 Faculty Moderator, New England Perinatal Society Meeting, Manchester,

of 153


Vermont.

March 15-17 36th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, San

Diego, California.

March 31 Grand Rounds, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida.

April 5-7 Faculty Member, Care of the Sick Newborn Symposium, Long Beach, California.

April 15 Faculty Member, The Anesthetic and Obstetric Management of the High Risk Mother and

Fetus Conference, Providence, Rhode Island.

April 17-18 Perinatal Emphasis Research Center Annual Directors' Meeting, Newport, Rhode

Island. May 1-5 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Washington, D.C.

May 10 Guest Faculty, Diabetes During Pregnancy Symposium, Women's College Hospital,

Toronto, Canada.

80 180

June 7 Guest Speaker, Pediatric Update: 1989, Children's Hospital of New Jersey, Newark, New

Jersey.

June 19-23 Program Co-Chairman and Faculty Moderator, Internataional Perinatal Collegium,

Lake

Louise, Alberta, Canada.

September 21-22 Eastern Society for Pediatric Research Meeting, New York, New York.

October 1-3 Annual New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts

October 12-18 Ciba Foundation Conference on Hypoglycemia in Infancy, London, England

October 21-24 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Chicago, Illinois

November 9-10 Visiting Professor, St. John's Hospital, Springfield, Illinois

November 12 American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Scientific Meetings, Boston,

Massachusetts

November 15 Third Alfred L. Deutsch Conference on Obstetrics and Gynecology "Current Trends

in

Perinatal Health Care," Detroit, Michigan

November 17 7th Annual Care of the Sick Child Conference, Orlando, Florida.

November 21 National Advisory Committee Meeting of the Perinatal Research Institute,

Cincinnati, Ohio.

December 10-12 Ross Laboratories "Hot Topics in Neonatology" Conference, Washington, D.C.

December 14 Guest Speaker, "Reaching for the Gold" Silver Anniversary Celebration of The

Maternity, Infant Care Family Planning Projects, New York, New York.

1990199019901990

January 12-19 Visiting Professor, Chinese University and University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

January 20-23 Guest Speaker, Singapore Pediatric Society Meeting, Singapore.

January 27 Member, Scientific Advisory Group on Infant Dosing for Richardson-Vicks OTC

Cough, Cold and Allergy Products, Washington, D.C.

February 8 Panel Member, Maternal-Child Health Care Conference, Providence, Rhode Island.

February 23 Guest Speaker, Perinatology 1990 Conference, Los Angeles, California.

February 28 Guest Speaker, 13th Annual Pediatric Update Conference at Phoenix

March 2 Children's Hospital, Scottsdale, Arizona.

81 181

March 13-17 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting,

Marco

Island, Florida.

April 5-6 Guest Faculty, The Nevada Perinatal Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada.

April 19 Grand Rounds, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New

of 153


Jersey.

April 27 Guest Faculty, Future Directions of Perinatal Medicine and Nursing in the 90's, Rush-

Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

May 5-10 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Washington, D.C.

May 24-25 Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island. May 31-

June 2 Visiting Professor, Neonatal Conference at University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. July

9-13 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.

July 26-27 Member, Flex Test Subcommittee, National Board of Medical Examiners Meeting,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

September 23-27 European Society for Pediatric Research Meeting, Vienna, Austria.

October 8-10 Guest Faculty, Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Boston,

Massachusetts.

October 18-20 Co-Chairman, Neonatology Session, Eastern Society for Pediatric Research

Meeting, New York, New York.

October 24-30 Guest Speaker, Korean Pediatric Association Annual Meeting, Seoul, Korea.

November 9-10 Program Faculty, Twenty-Fourth Annual Newborn Symposium and Fourth Fall

Pediatric

Symposium of the Kentucky Pediatric Society, Louisville, Kentucky.

1991199119911991

March 1 Grand Rounds, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, Long Island, New York.

March 8-12 Annual Meeting of the Association of Medical School Pediatric Department

Chairman, San Diego, California.

April 19 Guest Professor, Ninth Annual Pediatric Science Day, University of Florida College of

Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

April 29- Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research

May 3 Meetings, New Orleans, LA.

May 23-24 Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island.

82 182

June 14-19 Program Co-Chairman and Faculty Moderator, International Perinatal Collegium,

Oslo, Norway.

June 21-23 Course Faculty, American Academy of Pediatrcs "Clinical Pediatrics" Continuing

Medical Education Course, Washington, D.C.

July 8-12 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.

July 25-26 Course Faculty, 16th Annual Perinatal Conference, Ashland, Oregon.

September 1-4 Visiting Professor, National Congress of Pediatrics of the Venezuelan Pediatric

Society, Caracas, Venezuela.

September 26 Invited Speaker, 1991 Chicago Lung Conference, Chicago, Illinois. September 29-

Perinatal Research Society 22nd Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada.

October 1

October 4-5 Regional Meeting of the Eastern Society for Pediatric Research, New York, New

York.

October 6-8 New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts.

November 11 34th Annual Heber W. Youngken, Jr. Pharmacy Clinic, University of Rhode Island

December 16 National Advisory Committee Meeting of the Perinatal Research Institute,

Cincinnati, Ohio

1992199219921992

January 30- 3rd Annual Pediatric Problems Conference 1992, Macuto, Venezuela. February 2

March 10-12 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Ft.

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Myers, Florida.April 8 1st Annual Pediatric Update Symposium, Newport, Rhode Island.April 11-16 1992 Spring Session of the American Academy of Pediatrics, New York City, New

York. May 4-7 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,Baltimore, Maryland.May 17 Invited Speaker, Bela Schick Symposium, Brooklyn, New York.

May 21-22 Rhode Island Medical Society Perinatal Conference, Newport, Rhode Island. July 13-17 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville,

Maine.

83 183

July 31-Aug 2 Faculty Member, The Cape Cod Conference on Pediatrics, Hyannis, Cape Cod,

August 2Massachusetts.September 5-10 Invited Speaker, XX International Congress of Pediatrics of the International

PediatricAssociation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.September 16-17 Invited Speaker, Neonatal Nutrition Conference, Louisiana State University,

NewOrleans.

September 23-25 Invited Speaker, Neonatology - The Sick Newborn, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.October 4-6 New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts.

October 8-9 Annual Meeting of the Eastern Society for Pediatric Research, New York, New York. November 17 Guest Faculty, "Perinatology, 1992: Newest of the New, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical

Center, Hanover, New HampshireDecember 9 Invited Speaker, Fifth Annual Contemporary Issues in Gynecology/Health Care,

Boston, Massachusetts.

1993199319931993

February 26 Grand Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.

March 4-8 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Tempe, Arizona.April 13 Pediatric Grand Rounds, "Emerging Issues in Newborn Medicine" Medical City Dallas

Hospital, Dallas, Texas.April 21 Faculty Member, Second Annual Pediatric Update Symposium, Newport, Rhode Island. May 3-6 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Washington, D.C.May 14 Invited speaker, New England Pediatric Society/AAP District I Meeting, Portland, Maine.

May 21 Invited Speaker, 9th Annual Neonatal Medicine Symposium, Long Beach, California. July 12-16 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville,Maine.

July 16-19 Program Co-Chairman and Faculty Moderator, Internataional Perinatal Collegium, Chatham, Massachusetts.September 15-18 Annual Meeting of the Perinatal Research Society, Montreal, Canada.

84 184

September 29 New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts. October 1

October 30 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Washington, D.C. November 3

of 153


November 12 Faculty Member, Third Annual Pediatric Update Symposium, Newport, Rhode Island. December 3-9 Guest Lecturer, the First Joseph T. Queng, M.D. Memorial Lecture, the 231st Dr. Luis

Ma. Guerrero Memorial Lecture and the Philippine Pediatric Society, Manila, Philippines.

1994199419941994

February 18 Grand Rounds, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.

March 3-8 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, MarcoIsland, Florida.

March 22-25 Forty First Scientific Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Chicago, Illinois.April 8-9 Program Chairman, Hasbro Children's Hospital Pediatric Scientific Symposium,

Providence, Rhode Island.April 18-19 Visiting Professor, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.May 2-5 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings,

Seattle, Washington.May 19-20 General Pediatric Update Conference, Orlando, Florida.

May 26-27 Current Concepts in Fetal & Neonatal Care Conference, Newport, Rhode Island. July 11-15 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville,Maine.

August 8-12 Guest Faculty, 37th Annual Pediatric Program, University of Colorado School ofMedicine, Aspen, Colorado.September 14-22 Guest Faculty, 8th Congress of the Federation of the Asia/Oceania Perinatal

Societies, Taipei, Taiwan.September 29 Program Committee, Fourth Pediatric Update Symposium and Annual Meeting, American Academy of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Chapter, Newport, Rhode Island.

October 12-14 New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts. October 22-26 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Dallas, Texas.

October 28-29 Guest Faculty, Obstetrical Inaugural Day Scientific Program, Massachusetts GeneralHospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

85 185

November 30 Guest Faculty, Perinatal Pediatric Conference, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, Indiana.

1995199519951995

January 6 Guest Speaker, Grand Rounds, Schneider Children's Hospital of Long Island JewishMedical Center, New Hyde Park, New York.

March 8-11 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, SanFrancisco, California.

March 17 Guest Speaker, First Annual Jack Metcoff Memorial Lecture, Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois.April 8 Program Chairman, Hasbro Children's Hospital Second Annual Pediatric Scientific

Symposium, Providence, Rhode Island.April 26-29 Guest Faculty, Pediatrics Update Conference, Hilton Head, South Carolina.May 5-9 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, San

Diego, California.May 18-21 Guest Faculty, Southeastern Private Practice Neonatologists' Association Ninth

AnnualConference, Palm Beach, Florida.July 10-14 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, ME

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September 25-27 Visiting Professor at the Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center in thePhilippines.November 1 Guest Faculty, 20th Annual Fox Valley Perinatal Day Conference in Appleton, WI.

1996199619961996

February 22 Guest Faculty, George Washington University’s National Health Policy ForumWashington, DC

March 7-9 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Ft. Myers, FlApril 19 Guest Speaker, 10th Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Providence, RI.April 26 Guest Panelist, Advisory Committee of Kaiser Permanente for study on home visits after early newborn discharge, Oakland, CA

May 6-9 Annual American Pediatric Society and Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, Washington, DC.

86 186

May 10 Honoree, The Oh Symposium In Celebration of Dr. Oh’s 65th Birthday, Providence, RIJuly 8-12 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, Maine.September 18 Represented the AAP’s Committee on Fetus and Newborn at Winning the Fight

Against Infant Mortality: A National Summit on Community and Corporate Initiatives, held in Washington, DC.

October 9-11 New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Chatham, Massachusetts. November 22-26 Guest Faculty at the 18th Annual Las Vegas Seminars “Pediatric Update” held at the

Mirage Hotel.

1997199719971997

January 12 Guest speaker at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society of Neonatology, Republic of

China in Taipei, Taiwan.March 8 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Tempe,

AZ.March 19 Grand Rounds at North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine in Manhasset, NY.

April 4 The “1997 Donald V. Eitzman, M.D. Visiting Professor” at The University ofFlorida College of Medicine.April 19 Honored Guest at the Philippine Chinese American Medical Association which was held in New York.May 15 Current Concepts in Fetal and Neonatal Care Symposium, Newport, RI. June 5-6 Guest Faculty at the Advances and Controversies in Perinatal Patient Care

Symposium, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Centers, Brooklyn, New York. July 7-11 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, ME July 18-22 International Perinatal Collegium, Mont Tremblant, CanadaAugust 20-23 Guest Faculty at the 9th Annual NICHD Aspen Conference on Maternal-Neonatal-Reproductive Medicine in Aspen

September 10 Guest faculty at the West Boca Medical Center’s Conference on Neonatal Jaundice in Boca Raton, Florida.September 25-27 Guest Faculty at “The Fetus & Newborn: State of the Art Care” Conference

held inSan Diego, CA.

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October 15 Guest Faculty at Norwalk Hospital’s 14th Annual Neonatology-PerinatologySymposium in Norwalk, CTOctober 24 Faculty Member, Pediatric Update Symposium, Newport, Rhode Island. November 1-5 American Academy of Pediatrics Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA November 7-8 Guest Faculty at the Kosair Children’s Hospital’s Fifth Newborn and PediatricSymposium in Louisville, KY

1998199819981998

February 12-13 Guest Faculty at the “20th Annual Management of the Tiny Baby Conference” University of Florida, OrlandoFeb 27 - Mar 1 Faculty at the Philippine Medical Society of Florida, 40th Reunion in Tampa, FLMarch 5-9 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Ft.

Myers, FLApril 20 Consultant for FDA, Advisory Committe for Reproductive Health Drugs, Gaithersburg, MD

April 30 Guest Faculty at the “23rd Annual Perinatal Conference” in Perryburg, OhioMay 29 Guest faculty at the Guidelines for Perinatal Care: Improving Pregnancy Outcome in

Alabama, Birmingham, AL.July 13-16 Course Director, Problems in Pediatrics Seminar, Colby College, Waterville, ME July 17-18 Featured speaker at the Fifth Annual Driscoll Children’s Hospital Conference in

Corpus Christi, Texas.August 1 Guest speaker at the Cape Cod Conference on Pediatrics hosted by the NemoursFoundation Education Programs on Cape Cod, MA

August 3-6 Visiting Professor at the University of Chile in Santiago, Chile. September 23-25 Key speaker at a symposium on neonatology in Shenyang, China.October 16 Guest faculty at the Fifth Annual Perinatal Conference Hosted by St. Vincent MercyMedical Center held in the French Quarter in Perrysburg, Ohio.November 14 Guest speaker, National Perinatal Association, Annual Clinical Conference and

Exposition, Providence, RIDecember 7 Guest speaker, Hot Topics in Neonatology, Washington, DC

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1999199919991999

March 2-7 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Wesley Chapel, FLMay 1-5 Annual American Pediatric Society and The Society for Pediatric Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, San Francisco, California. Presented the data from the Neonatal Research Network

June 3-5 Guest faculty, Guidelines for Perinatal Care: Improving Pregnancy Outcome inAlabama, Birmingham, AL.July 5 Guest Lecturer, Philippine Pediatric Society’s meeting in the Philippines. July 12-16 Colby College in Waterville, Maine. Course DirectorSeptember 9-10 Guest faculty, Thirtieth Memphis Conference on the Newborn, Memphis, TN

October 7 Committee Member, 4th Annual Neonatology & Pediatric Conference, Westport, MAOctober 24 Faculty Member, Pediatric Update Symposium, Providence, Rhode Island.

2000200020002000

March 11-17 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, Wesley Chapel, FL

March 26-30 Guest faculty, 10th Asian Congress of Pediatrics, Tapei, Taiwan April 3-6 Guest faculty, Philippine Pediatric Society, 37th Annual Convention May 12-16 Annual American

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Pediatric Society and The Society for PediatricSociety for Pediatric Research Meetings, San Francisco, California. Presented the data from the Neonatal Research NetworkMay 18-21 Guest Speaker – Southeastern Association of Neonatologists, San Marco, FL“New therapy in neonatology – what works, what doesn’t, and what is controversial”May 24-29 Honored Guest, University of Santo Tomas Medical Alumni Foundation

8th Annual Convention and ReunionJuly 13-17 Colby College Continuing Medical Education, Waterville, Maine. Course Director“Problems in Pediatrics”October 5 Committee Member, 5th Annual Neonatology & Pediatric Conference, Westport, MA

89 189

October 20 Faculty Member, Pediatric Update Symposium, Providence, Rhode IslandNovember 3-7 Guest faculty, Neonatal Conference, Valencia, SpainNovember 15 Guest Speaker, Clinical Pearls from the Chiefs: The Best of the Best,

MassachusettsMedical Scoiety, Waltham, MADecember 15 Distinguished Professor, Iowa Neonatology Day, University of Iowa College of

Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa

2001200120012001

March 8-12 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, SanDiego, CAMarch 16-18 Guest Plenary Speaker, Eastern Society for Pediatric Research Annual Meeting,

AtlanticCity, NJMay 12-16 Annual American Pediatric Society and The Society for Pediatric Society for

Pediatric Research Meetings, Boston, Massachusetts Presented the data from the Neonatal Research Network

July 9-13 Colby College in Waterville, Maine. Course DirectorJuly 21-25 International Perinatal Collegium, Marco Island, FL, co-chair and presenter. “Association between peak serum bilirubin and neuro-developmental outcomes in extremely low

birth weight infants.”September 20 Committee Member, 6th Annual Neonatology & Pediatric Conference, Taunton MAOctober 1-2 Speaker at the Association of Administrators in Academic Pediatrics, Mystic, CT. “Development of outreach programs In an academic pediatric department”.October 20 Faculty Member, Pediatric Update Symposium, Providence, Rhode IslandNovember 15-18 Speaker at The American Academy of Pediatrics, California Chapters 1,2,3, &4,

Las Vegas, NV. “Common metabolic problems in the newborn: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia.”December 6 Planning Committee, Second Annual Lipsitt Duchin Lecture, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI

2002200220022002

February 16-22 Guest Faculty, Pediatric Potpourri, Maui, Hawaii “Recent advances in

Perinatology.” March 7-11 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, MarcoIsland, FL

90 190

May 4-7 Annual American Pediatric Society and The Society for Pediatric Society for Pediatric Research Meetings, Baltimore, MD Presented: “Update – Neonatal Research.”

June 18 NICHD Neonatal Research Network Committee Meeting, Bethesda, MD. Presented:

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“Cord Clamping: Update.”July5-8 Colby College Pediatric Course Director “Problems in Pediatrics”, Waterville, ME. October 2-4 New England Perinatal Research Conference, Reviewer, Chatham, MA.

2003200320032003

March 5-7 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairman Annual Meeting, SantaFe, NM

May 29 Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Pediatric Grand RoundJune 28-July 4 International Perinatal Collegium, Amboise, France, co-chair and speaker, “Association between peak serum bilirubin and neuro-developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants.”July 29-30 NIH Study Section meeting for Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit

Sept 13-15 Neoprep meeting presentation, Vancouver, BC, CanadaOctober 3-5 New England Perinatal Research MeetingNovember 19 Wayne State Medical School Pediatric Grand Round

2004200420042004

March 19 Mamouth Medical Center, NJ Pediatric grand rounds

March 26 AAP district I meetingMarch 29-30 FDA/NICHD panel on drug development for newbornApril 24 Philippine Pediatric Society of America Annual meeting main speaker

April 29-May 4 Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in SF, CAMay 6 Current Concepts in fetal and neonatal care, Providence, RI moderatorMay 13-16 Southeastern Association of Neonatologies Marco Island guest speaker “Prevention

of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis – An update.”

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May 27-29 IberoAmerican Neonatologists Association guest speaker

July 7-13 Colby Pediatric Update Course directorSeptember 17-19 European Society for Pediatric Research speaker and moderator

October 1 Southcoast Neonatal and Pediatric Conference, Taunton, MA moderatorOctober 6-8 New England Perinatal Research SocietyOctober 20-23 Pan American Neonatal Congress Invited speaker, Cartgena, Columbia

October 29 Billy Andrew Professorship Lecturer, U of Louisville, Louisville, KY

2005200520052005

May 14-17 Pediatric Academic Societies’ Meeting in Washington, D.C. June 15-16 NRN Steering Committee in Rockland, MD

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