oracle’s spatial technologies · spatial data spatial analysis through sql oracle10g core spatial...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Oracle’s Spatial Technologies · Spatial Data Spatial Analysis Through SQL Oracle10g Core Spatial Capabilities SELECT a.customer_name, a.phone_number FROM policy_holders a WHERE](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040412/5f035f257e708231d408e2e1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Oracle’s Spatial Technologies
Oracle Locator
Oracle Spatial
OracleAS MapViewer
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Presenters
Dan [email protected] Integration ManagerOracle New England Development Center
Siva [email protected] Development ManagerOracle New England Development Center
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Agenda
• Spatial Data Challenges• Oracle Spatial
• Linear Referencing Systems• Spatial Aggregate Functions• Spatial and Locator• Oracle Application Server MapViewer
• Oracle Spatial Technology Partners• New Major Release: Oracle 10g• Oracle Spatial – Beyond 10g
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In the PastChallenge of Integrating GIS & MIS
Spatial Data
TabularData
GIS/Design MIS
Enterprise DataServer
Geo Engineering Server
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Evolution of GIS
Application
MonolithicGIS
ProprietaryFiles
TraditionalDBMS
SpatialMiddleware
Application
ProprietaryAPIs
SpatiallyEnabledDatabase
Map Server
Application
OpenAPIs
Past Today
StandaloneProprietaryMiddleware
InternetPlatform
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Oracle Spatial 10g
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Oracle Spatial Development History
Time
Capability
Oracle 7.1.6MultiDimension
Oracle 7.3.3Spatial Data Option
Oracle8iSpatial
•Points Only
•Points, Lines, Polygons•Quad-Tree indexing•Spatial Operators
•Coordinate Transformation•Linear Referencing•Spatial Replication•Spatial Partitioning
Oracle7
No Spatial Capability
Raster Data ManagementTopology & NetworkingSpatial Analysis and Mining
1995 1997 1999 20011994
Oracle9iSpatial
•Object Data type •Circles, Arcs•R-Tree Indexing•Topology/Distance Operators•Spatial Functions•Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
2003 2004 2005
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OracleSpatial 10g
Spatial Indexing
Fast Access toSpatial Data
Spatial Analysis Through SQL
Oracle10g Core Spatial Capabilities
SELECT a.customer_name, a.phone_numberFROM policy_holders aWHERE sdo_within_distance( a.geom, hurricane_path_geom, ‘distance = 10 unit = mile’) = ‘TRUE’;
Spatial Data Types
All Spatial Data Stored in the Database
Points
Polygons
Lines
f1
f2n1
n2
e1
e2e3
e4
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Longitude/Latitude Data ConsiderationsWhole Earth Model
• P1 and P2 are 1 degree apart (about 111 Km apart)• P3 and P4 are 1 degree apart (about 10 Km apart)• Oracle Spatial can operate on Longitude/Latitude data
P1 P2
P3 P4
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Coordinate Systems
• Support for whole Earth model (latitude/longitude)• Ellipsoidal computations
• Accurate distance and area calculations (unit support)
• Support for geometries that span the poles and the 180meridian
• Support for projected coordinate systems• Cartesian computations
• Many supported: UTM, State Plane, and many more…
• Geometries fall off the edges of the projection
• Support for non-Earth coordinates (e.g., floor plan)
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Ship Track That Crosses the 180 Meridian
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Oracle SpatialLinear Referencing Systems
(LRS)
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What Is Linear Referencing (LRS)?
(5,10,0)(30,10,27)
(15,5,11.2) (40,5,38)
(50,15,53.8)
(55,20,60)
(45,10,44)
Commonly used in many GIS applications such as:• transportation (road network)• utilities (pipeline and gas lines)
Mile Post 0 Mile Post 27
Mile Post 60
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LRS Concepts
(5,10,0)(30,10,27)
(15,5,11.2) (40,5,38)
(50,15,53.8)
(55,20,60)
(45,10,44)
Clip from measure 5 to 20
A.K.A. Dynamic Segmentation
(53,17) is located at measure 52
A.K.A. Locate Point
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• US Airspace Boundary Crossing Application• Oracle Spatial functions to calculate intersection of flight paths and
US airspaces.
• Linear Referencing to interpolate the time and altitude for entry/exitpoints of US airspace.
• Accurately charge foreign carriers for the amount of time in USairspace.
(Longitude, Latitude, Altitude, Time)
Actual radar blip
Computed(Lon/Lat, Alt, Time)
LRS Application – Oracle Spatial
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OracleAS MapViewer and Oracle Spatial LRS
• MapViewer application for flight plan visualization
• Spatial analysis to project current flight position tonext waypoint of original flight plan.
• Another example of LRS functionality
Waypoints
Filed Flight Plan
Current position
Future Flight Plan
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Oracle SpatialSpatial Aggregate Functions
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Spatial Aggregate Functions - Example
Generate New York state boundary by aggregating counties
SELECT SDO_AGGR_UNION(sdo_aggr_type(a.geometry, 0.5)FROM countiesWHERE state = ‘New York’;
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SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL
Non-contaminated well
Contaminated well
• Snap a rubber band around contaminated wells
• Dynamically generate new region• Further analysis with new region, e.g.
• Search for chemical plants within 5 miles of new region
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Oracle Spatial Partners
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Oracle Spatial 10g
New Feature - GeoRaster
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Raster Data and Cell Size
Coarser resolution
Finer resolution
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Raster/Vector Data DifferencesVector Data Vector Coordinates Raster Data
-74.1651749, 41.339141
-74.1651749, 41.339141,
-73.4284481, 40.678193,
-72.9792214, 41.686228
-74.1651749, 41.339141,
-74.1651749, 39.559004,
-72.9792214, 39.559004,
-72. 9792214, 41.339141
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Grid Raster DataA Value Attribute Table (VAT) is used to map the stored numeric
values to the meaning of that valueAn example value attribute table for geological raster data
A value attribute table can also contain user-defined columns
Stored cell values
6 1 1 1 1 6611 3 8 7 9 1973 1 8 3 3 1953 3 3 9 8 1970 3 3 3 9 0190 8 8 9 9 0010 0 2 9 1 000
2 5 4 9 1 679
CELL VALUE GEOLOGICAL PERIOD
1 Quaternary
2 Tertiary
3 Paleocene-Cretaceous
4 Mesozoic 5 Gondwana
6 Early Palaeozoic
7 Proterozoic
8 Early Proterozoic
9 Archaean
0 Blank Cell (no data)
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Grid Raster Data
A COLORMAP table is used to map the stored numeric values to thedisplay characteristics of that value
An example COLORMAP table for geological raster data
6 1 1 1 1 6611 3 8 7 9 1973 1 8 3 3 1953 3 3 9 8 1970 3 3 3 9 0190 8 8 9 9 0010 0 2 9 1 000
2 5 4 9 1 679CELL VALUE Red Green Blue
1 255 255 0
2 82 123 67
3 142 230 98
4 96 121 228 5 145 231 243
6 255 51 0
7 203 188 224
8 195 135 75
9 204 102 255
0 0 0 0
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Geological Map of India (Grid Raster Data)
QuaternaryTertiaryPaleocene-CretaceousMesozoicGondwanaEarly PalaeozoicLate ProterozoicEarly ProterozoicArchaean
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Raster Data Concepts – (Digital Imagery)
• Digital Imagery - a specialized type of rasterdata
Examples include:
Satellite imagery
Airborne photographs
others…
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Raster Data: Digital Images
Band 3
Band 2
Band 1
Each band collected at different wavelength for later processing and/or display
Red
Ultraviolet
Blue
Green
0.7 µm
0.6 µm
0.5 µm
0.4 µm
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Image Data
Some bands may accentuate different features
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Blocking
• Index very large rasters into smaller blocks
• Interleave multi-band raster• Band sequential (BSQ)
• Band interleaved by pixel (BIP)
• Band interleaved by line (BIL)
4 ∈ 4 blocks
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Pyramids
Pyramid
level 0
(raw data)
Pyramid
level 1
Pyramid
level 2
Pyramid
level
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GeoRaster: Oracle’s Raster Loader
• Oracle’s minimum support for loaders and exportersincludes:
–TIFF/GeoTIFF–ESRI World File–JPEG–GIF–BMP–PNG
• Oracle relies on partners to import from / export tomany formats
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GeoRaster - Features/Functionality
• Store, index, and retrieve raster data• Store, maintain, and retrieve GeoRaster metadata• Analysis functionality:
• Generate pyramids• Copy• Change format: Interleaving, blocking• Subset: Crop, cut, clip by band or layer• Scaling: Enlarge or reduce• Generate the spatial extent of an image• Tile adjacent images to build a mosaic of the data• Georectified/Georeferenced images supported
• MapViewer supports visualization of GeoRaster data
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Oracle Spatial 10g New FeatureGeocoder
• Geocoding Engine included in Oracle Spatial
• Generates latitude/longitude (points) from address
• Supports:• International addressing standardization
• Formatted and unformatted addresses
• Fuzzy matching
• Transaction and batch capabilities
• Data dictionary completely extensible
• Base data available from NAVTEQ & Tele Atlas• Download sample data from NAVTEQ
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Oracle Spatial 10g New FeatureRouter
• Routing algorithms included in Oracle Spatial
• Generates driving directions
• XML API
• Base data available from NAVTEQ & Tele Atlas• Download sample data from NAVTEQ
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Oracle Spatial 10g
New FeaturePersistent Topology
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Introduction
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
f1
f2
f3f0
n1
n2
n3
n4
n5 n6
n7
n8 n9
e1
e2
e3
e4
e5
e6e7
e8e9
e10
Object View Topology View
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Topology Example
• Land parcel features• Land Parcel 1 associated with face F1
• Land Parcel 2 associated with face F2
• Both faces include edge E3.
• Stream features• Stream 1 associated with edge E3 (and edges E1 and E5)
N1
E5N4N3N2
E1
E4
E3
E2
F2
F1
Land Parcel 2
Land Parcel 1
Stream 1
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Oracle Spatial 10g
New Feature NetworkData Model
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Network Data Model
• Open Data Model For Graph Analysis• Store network (graph) structure in the database• Maintains connectivity of the network• Attributes at link and node level
• Supports Network solutions (Tracing & Routing)• Transportation and Transit Solutions• Field Service, Logistics• Location based Services and Telematics
• Bio-Info Pathways (Life Sciences)• Biological Pathways• Protein-Protein Interaction
• Network Viewer
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Oracle Spatial 10g
Spatial Analysis and Mining
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Spatial Analysis and Mining
• Everything is related to everything else, but nearbythings are more related than distant things.
Tobler’s first law of geography
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Spatial Analytic Functions
• Discovery based on Spatial Patterns• Cluster analysis
• Location prospecting
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SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY:Example
SELECT SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY( 'GEOD_COUNTIES', 'GEOM', 'sum', 'totpop', SDO_GEOMETRY(2001, 8307, SDO_POINT_TYPE(-73.943849, 40.6698,NULL), NULL, NULL), 'distance=3 unit=mile')FROM DUAL;-----------------------723570.362
% COUNTY COVEREDCOUNTY ST TOTPOP BY WINDOW--------- -- ------ ----------Queens NY 1951598 00.5437756Kings NY 2300664 31.0430579New York NY 1487536 00.0188785
Queens
Kings
New York
(-73.943849, 40.6698)
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Oracle Spatial 10g
Some MiscellaneousNew Features
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Geodetic Optimized RectangleDensified Along Latitude Lines
(-112,33)
(-86,40)
• SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM no longer necessary
• Backported to 9.2.0.6
• Can span the 180 meridian
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New SQL/MM Methods for SDO_GEOMETRY
• GET_WKB() – Get Well Known Text• GET_WKT() – Get Well Known Binary
set long 500; SELECT A.GEOM.GET_WKT() FROM polygon_table a WHERE id = 1;
A.GEOM.GET_WKT() ---------------- POLYGON ((146.0 66.0, 148.0 66.0, 148.0 68.0, 146.0 68.0, 146.0 66.0))
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New SQL/MM Constructors for SDO_GEOMETRY
• Constructor input can be either:• SQL/MM Well-Known Text (WKT)• SQL/MM Well-Known Binary (WKB)
• These constructors return an SDO_GEOMETRY object:
SELECT SDO_GEOMETRY( 'POLYGON ((146.0 66.0, 148.0 66.0, 148.0 68.0, 146.0 68.0, 146.0 66.0))', 8307)FROM dual;
Return valueSDO_GEOMETRY(2003, 8307, NULL, SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1, 1003, 1), SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(146,66, 148,66, 148,68, 146,68, 146,66))
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Oracle Spatial 10g New Features: Summary
• GeoRaster data type
• Persistent Topology data type
• Network Data Model
• Spatial Analysis and Mining
• Geocoder in the database
• Routing Engine
• Core Feature• Transportable Tablespace Support for Spatial Indexes
• New Functions
Point_At_Bearing
Simplify
others…
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Oracle Application Server 10g
MapViewer
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Oracle Application Server 10g MapViewer
• Web Map Server• Standard feature of the Oracle Application Server
• Integrated with Oracle Spatial and Oracle Locator
• Easily publishes data stored in Oracle’s nativespatial data type (SDO_GEOMETRY) to the web
• Provides an XML API, Java API and JSP Tag library
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OGC Compliant Web Map Service (WMS)
• Supports the following requests:• GetMap• GetFeatureInfo• GetCapabilities
• MapViewer can:• Generate OGC WMS compliant maps
• Render OGC WMS compliant maps generatedby another OGC compliant WMS
• Render vector and raster data on mapsgenerated by another OGC compliant WMS
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MapViewer Oracle Workspace ManagerSupport
• Workspace Manager
• Oracle Database feature that lets you version-enableone or more tables in the database
• Users can create workspaces
• Users can go to workspaces
• Edits to versioned enabled tables in a workspacace,can only be seen by users in that workspace
• MapViewer supports map requests from:
• A specific workspace
• A savepoint in a workspace
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MapViewer: Map
Footnote
Legend
Themes
Earthquakes
Title
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Oracle10g Locator & Spatial FeaturesOracle Locator• All Data Types• Spatial Operators
• Topological• Distance
• Distance Function• Implicit Coordinate
Transformations• Long Transactions• Table Partitioning*• Object Replication*• Oracle Label Security
Oracle Spatial 10g
• All Locator features
• GeoRaster Data Type
• Topology Data Model
• Network Data Model
• Geocoding
• Routing
• Coordinate Transforms
• Linear Referencing
• Spatial functions• aggregates
• buffer, centroid, union,etc
Bundled FeatureStandard & Enterprise Edition
Licensed OptionEnterprise Edition Only
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Leverage Oracle’s Spatial Technologies
• Every organization wants to cut costs
• Oracle Spatial Technologies Bundle• Oracle Locator
– Oracle Standard Edition
– Oracle Enterprise Edition
• Oracle Application Server MapViewer
– Java Edition
– Standard Edition
– Enterprise Edition
• Leverage what you own
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Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2
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GeoRaster: Compression
• Natively support two industry standard compressiontechniques• JPEG (lossy)
– JPEG-B (abbreviated baseline JPEG format)
– JPEG-F (full-format baseline JPEG format)
• DEFLATE (lossless)
– (a.k.a. ZIP)
• each block is compressed and uncompressed individually
• All GeoRaster operations work oncompressed/uncompressed GeoRaster objects• Automatic decompression on sub-set operations
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AnswersQuestions&
Q&A
For more information visit our web site at:http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial