oracle database instance management oracle 10g. ebtisam alabdulqader outline management framework....
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Oracle Database Instance Management
Oracle 10g
Ebtisam Alabdulqader
Outline
Management Framework.
Managing Oracle instance through the Enterprise Manager.
Database Instance Startup Stages.
Database Instance Shutdown Modes.
Parameter Files and Initialization Parameter.
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Management Framework
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The three components of the Oracle Database 10g management framework are: Database instance. Listener. Management interface:
Database Control. Management agent (when using Grid Control).
ListenerDatabase Control
Managementagent
Management interface
-or-
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Managing Oracle instance through the Enterprise Manager
Oracle 10g
Accessing Oracle Enterprise Manager
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http://10.144.20.250:5500/em
Syour serial#_section#
password
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Oracle Database Instance Startup
Stages for Starting Up a Database:
NOMOUNT
MOUNT
OPEN
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: NOMOUNT
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Instance started
STARTUP
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Shutdown
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: MOUNT
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Instance started
STARTUP
Control file opened for this instance
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Shutdown
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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance: OPEN
OPEN
MOUNT
NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Instance started
STARTUP
Control file opened for this instance
All files opened as described by the control file for this instance
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Shutdown
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Additional Instance Startup Options
Two additional options for Starting up an Instance:
Restrict access to the database.
Force the instance to start.
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Restricted Access to the Database
Instance can be started in Restricted Mode so that the instance is available only to administrative personnel (not general database users).
This mode is used for the following tasks:
Perform an export or import of data.
Perform a data load (with SQL*Loader).
Temporarily prevent typical users from using data.
Perform certain migration or upgrade operations.
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Forcing an Instance to Startup
In unusual circumstances, you might experience problems when
attempting to start a database instance.
Because a previous instance might not have been shutdown cleanly.
For example, one of the instance's processes might not have
terminated properly.
In such situations, the database can return an error during
normal instance startup.
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Forcing an Instance to Startup
Instance can be forced to start up using the Force option and
that will terminate all remnant Oracle processes of the previous
instance before starting the new instance.
If an instance is running, Force startup will shutdown the
instance with ABORT mode before restarting it.
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Oracle Database Instance Shutdown
Modes for Shutting down a Database:
ABORT
IMMEDIATE
TRANSACTIONAL
NORMAL
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Shutdown Modes
During
NORMALor
TRANSACTIONALor
IMMEDIATE
Consistent database(clean database)
On the way down:
• Uncommitted changes
rolled back, for
IMMEDIATE.
• Database buffer cache
written to data files.
• Resources released.
On the way up:
• No instance recovery.
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Shutdown Modes
During
ABORTor
Instance failureor
STARTUP FORCE
Inconsistent database(dirty database)
On the way down:
• Uncommitted changes
not rolled back.
• Modified buffers
not written to data
files.
On the way up:
• Online redo log files
used to reapply
changes.
• Undo segments used
to roll back
uncommitted changes.
• Resources released.
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Database Storage Architecture
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Parameter Files
A parameter file is a file that contains a list of initialization parameters and a value for each parameter. spfile<SID>.ora init<SID>.ora
Parameter file is read when instance start.
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Initialization Parameters
Initialization parameters perform functions, such as:
Set limits for the entire database; e.g. specify names of files or directories required by the database.
Set user or process limits; e.g. the maximum number of database users.
Set limits on database resources; e.g. the amount of space initially allocated for each memory area.
Optimize performance; e.g. adjusting memory structures, such as the number of database buffers in
memory.
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Initialization Parameters: Examples
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Parameter Specifies
CONTROL_FILES One or more control file names
DB_BLOCK_SIZE Standard database block size used by all tablespaces
PROCESSESMaximum number of OS user processes that can simultaneously connect
DB_CACHE_SIZE Size of the standard block buffer cache
DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT
Maximum number of blocks read during an input/output (I/O) operation involving a full sequential scan.
SHARED_POOL_SIZE Size of the shared pool in bytes
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Initialization Parameters: Examples
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Changing Initialization Parameter Values
There are two types of initialization parameters:
Static parameters: Can be changed only in the parameter file. Require restarting the instance before taking effect.
Dynamic parameters: Can be changed while database is online. Can be altered at: Session level or System level parameters.
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References
Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop I, student guide.
Oracle Database Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1). [Online]. Available: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B14117_01/server.101/b10755/whatsnew.htm
Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) Documentation. [Online]. Available: http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/database10g.html
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