oracabessa high school · web viewrouter, and modem. depending on the type of network that we need...

Subject:Information Technology

Grade:

9

Topic:

Computer Networks and Web Technologies

Sub Topic:Components of the a Network

Lesson #1

What is a Network?

A Network id a set of computers and peripheral linked together on a permanent basis so that they can communicate and share resources.

Advantages of a Network

1) Enable users to share hardware such as scanners and printers.

2) Allow users access to data stored on other computers

3) Allow users to run programs that are not installed on their own computers, but are installed elsewhere on the network such as the server.

Disadvantages of a Network

1) Accessing anything across a network is slower than accessing your own computer

2) More complexity creates new problems to handle

3) Less customization is possible for shared programs and folders.

These certain have not exhausted the list of advantages and disadvantages of a network.

Computer Network Components

Computer network components are the major parts which are needed to install the software. Some important network components are NIC, switch, cable, hub, router, and modem. Depending on the type of network that we need to install, some network components can also be removed. For example, the wireless network does not require a cable.

The following are the major components required to install a network:

Network Interface Card (NIC)

· NIC is a hardware component used to connect a computer with another computer onto a network

· It can support a transfer rate of 10,100 to 1000 megabytes per second (Mb/s).

· The MAC address or physical address is encoded on the network card chip which is assigned by the IEEE to identify a network card uniquely. The MAC address is stored in the PROM (Programmable read-only memory).

There are two types of NIC:

Wired NIC: The Wired NIC is present inside the motherboard. Cables and connectors are used with wired NIC to transfer data.

Wireless NIC: The wireless NIC contains the antenna to obtain the connection over the wireless network. For example, laptop computer contains the wireless NIC.

Example of what a NIC looks like:

Hub

A Hub is a hardware device that divides the network connection among multiple devices. When computer requests for some information from a network, it first sends the request to the Hub through cable. The Hub will broadcast this request to the entire network. All the devices will check whether the request belongs to them or not. If not, the request will be dropped.

The process used by the Hub consumes more bandwidth and limits the amount of communication. Nowadays, the use of hub is obsolete, and it is replaced by more advanced computer network components such as Switches, Routers.

Example of what a hub looks like:

Switch

A switch is a hardware device that connects multiple devices on a computer network. A Switch contains more advanced features than Hub. The Switch contains the updated table that decides where the data is transmitted or not. Switch delivers the message to the correct destination based on the physical address present in the incoming message. A Switch does not broadcast the message to the entire network like the Hub. It determines the device to whom the message is to be transmitted. Therefore, we can say that switch provides a direct connection between the source and destination. It increases the speed of the network.

Example of what a switch looks like:

Router

· A router is a hardware device which is used to connect a LAN with an internet connection. It is used to receive, analyze and forward the incoming packets to another network.

· A router works in a Layer 3 (Network layer) of the OSI Reference model.

· A router forwards the packet based on the information available in the routing table.

· It determines the best path from the available paths for the transmission of the packet.

Advantages of a Router:

· Security: The information which is transmitted to the network will traverse the entire cable, but the only specified device which has been addressed can read the data.

· Reliability: If the server has stopped functioning, the network goes down, but no other networks are affected that are served by the router.

· Performance: Router enhances the overall performance of the network. Suppose there are 24 workstations in a network generates a same amount of traffic. This increases the traffic load on the network. Router splits the single network into two networks of 12 workstations each, reduces the traffic load by half.

· Network range

Example of what a switch looks like

Modem

· A modem is a hardware device that allows the computer to connect to the internet over the existing telephone line.

· A modem is not integrated with the motherboard rather than it is installed on the PCI slot found on the motherboard.

· It stands for Modulator/Demodulator. It converts the digital data into an analog signal over the telephone lines.

Based on the differences in speed and transmission rate, a modem can be classified in the following categories:

· Standard PC modem or Dial-up modem

· Cellular Modem

· Cable modem

Cables and Connectors

Cable is a transmission media used for transmitting a signal.

There are three types of cables used in transmission: Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable and Fibre-optic cable

References

Computer Network Components - javatpoint. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-components

Questions

Completed the following questions then take a picture or scan responses to:

[email protected]

Question 1


Grade:

9

Topic:


Question 2

a) Define the acronym for each of the following as it relates to the topic:

i. MAC

ii. OSI

iii. PCI .

b) What does the acronym ‘IEEE’ stands for. Write one paragraph about IEEE.


Grade:

9

Topic:


Sub Topic:Components of the a Network

Lesson #2

Some web technologies are interrelated and this lesson will introduce and seek to explain some of these interrelated terms:

Concepts associated with the Internet

Blog – (short for Web Log) An online journal or diary of an individual’s opinions on the latest news. It is updated regularly in chronological order.

Down-load – Transmitting data from a remote computer to a local computer.

Electronic Bulletin Board – Is similar to that of the bulletin board at a post office where messages can be posted by anyone and read by anyone. Whereas electronic mail is intended for a designated recipient messages are placed on the electronic bulletin board.

Electronic Commerce – This is the use of the Internet for commercial tasks such as retail sales or any business transactions.

Electronic Learning – This is instruction that takes place via the Internet where tutoring is made available on the Internet or by other network connections.

Electronic Mail (E-mail) – a system for sending messages from one individual to another via telecommunications links between computers or terminals using dedicated software. For individuals to send and receive emails, they must have an e mail address.

Extranet – A private network that uses Internet Protocols, network connectivity. It can be viewed as a company’s extended outside the company using the Internet.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server.

Hyperlink - a link from a hypertext document to another location, activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image.

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) - is a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted. It also defines actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

Internet – A worldwide collection of networks.

Intranet - An intranet is an access restricted network used internally in an organization that uses Internet technologies.

Newsgroup – an online discussion group. To read and post information to a newsgroup a software is needed to connect a computer to the news server connected to the Internet.

Podcasting – This is a form of audio broadcasting using the Internet. Podcasting takes its name from a combination of the terms iPod and Broadcasting. It is a method of releasing files to the Internet allowing users to subscribe and receive new files automatically.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - is the address of a resource on the Internet and the protocol used to access it. It indicates the location of a web resource like a street address indicates where a person lives physically - because of this, an URL is often referred to as: “web address”. URLs specify the file or data and the location where it is stored.

Example of a URL: http://www.bcs.org.application_forms.html

A URL contains the following information:

· The protocol used to access the resource.

· The location of the server (whether by IP address or domain name).

· The port number on the server (optional).

· The location of the resource in the directory structure of the server.

· A fragment identifier (optional).

Up-load – Transmitting information from a local computer to a remote computer

Web Browser (commonly referred to as a browser) - is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the resulting web page on the user's device. Examples of browsers include: Google Chrome, Yahoo, and Mozilla Firefox are a few popular ones.

Web Page – is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web.

Web Server is server software, or hardware dedicated to running this software, that can satisfy client requests on the World Wide Web. A web server can, in general, contain one or more websites. A web server processes incoming network requests over HTTP and several other related protocols.

World Wide Web (WWW) – is an information system on the Internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) – A set of rules which govern the transmission of voice over the Internet. It is often used abstractly to refer to the actual transmission of voice rather than the protocol implementing it. It is also known as IP Telephony.

References

What is a URL? - Definition from Techopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1352/uniform-resource-locator-url

Questions

Complete the following questions then take a picture or scan responses to:

[email protected]

Question 1

When content from a web browser is sent to a local machine. What term is used to describe this?

A) Downloading

B) Uploading

C) Teleconferencing

D) Copy and paste

Question 2

The software you use to connect to the internet is called:

A) Web browser

B) Web page editor

C) Search engines

D) Network server

Question 3

What is a hyperlink?

A) A wireless device used to look at websites

B) A popular website with lots of content

C) A connection from one web page to another

D) A fast internet connection

Question 4

The main page of a website, with links to the other pages, is called:

A) Web server

B) Home page

C) Web development server

D) Master page

Question 5






Question 6

Web pages are written in a language called:

A) URL

B) Machine Language

C) HTML

D) Pascal

Question 7






Question 8

Which of the following indicates the location of a web resource on the internet:

A) FTP

B) HTML

C) HTTP

D) URL

oracabessa high school · web viewrouter, and modem. depending on the type of network that we need...

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