or drug study

KALIUM DURULE

DRUGS INDICATION ACTION SIDE EFFECT/ ADVERSE REACTION

NURSING CONSIDERATION/ PATIENT TEACHING

Date Ordered:September 12,2013

Generic Name:Kalium Durule

Brand Name:Potassium Chloride

Classification: Electrolytic and water balance agent

Dosage: 750mg /tablet

To prevent and treat potassium deficit with or without metabolic acidosis and following surgical condition.

( 2008 Nurses Drug Handbook,George Spratto and Adrienne Woods copyright by Thomson Delmar Learning Inc. page.1282)

Potassium is readily and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.


Side Effect:

Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal discomfort.

Adverse Reaction:

Arrhythmias, heartblock, cardiac arrest, hyperkalemia, respiratory paralysis.


Nursing Consideration:

Monitor renal function. After surgery, don’t give drug until urine flow is established.

Many adverse reactions may reflect potassium excess.

Make sure powders are completely dissolved before giving.

Patient Teaching:

Take drug after meals or with food and a full glass of water to decrease gastrointestinal upset.

Do not chew or crush tablets, swallow tablets whole.

Mix or dissolve oral liquids, soluble powders, and effervescent tablets completely in 3–8 ounces of cold water, juice, or other

suitable beverage, and drink it slowly.

Take the drug as prescribed; do not take more than prescribed.

Do not use salt substitutes.

You may find wax matrix capsules in the stool. The wax matrix is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Report tingling of the hands or feet, unusual tiredness or weakness, feeling of heaviness in the legs, severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, black or tarry stools.

PARACETAMOL

DRUG INDICATION ACTION SIDE EFFECT/ ADVERSE REACTION


Date Ordered:September 12,2013 and September 13, 2013

Generic Name:Paracetamol

Brand Name:

Classification:Analgesic

Dosage: 600mgIntravenous

Short-term treatment of moderate pain, especially following surgery.

(www.actavis.ie/en/PARACETAMOL)

Side Effect:

Feeling unwell,dizziness, light-headednessbleeding or bruising more easily than normal,vomiting, nausea,constipation.

Adverse Reaction:


Patient Teaching:

KETOROLAC (ANALAC)



Date Ordered: September 12,2013 and September 13,2013

Generic Name:Ketorolac

Brand Name:Analac

Short- term treatment (5-7 days) of acute pain after surgery.

(www.idruginfo.com)

May inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, to produce anti- inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects.

( Nursing 2008 Drug Handbook copyright

Side Effect:

Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea, dyspepsia, epigastric pain, edema.

Adverse Reaction:

Somnolence,


Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may mask signs and symptoms of infection because of their antipyretic and anti- inflammatory actions.

Serious

http://www.actavis.ie/en/

Classification:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Dosage: 30mg Intradermal

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins page.385)

headache, dizziness, paresthesias, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia.


gastrointestinal toxicity, including peptic ulcers and bleeding, can occur in patient taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, despite lack of symptoms.

Patient Teaching: Teach patient signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, including blood in vomit, urine, or stool, coffee- ground vomit, and black, tarry stool. Tell him to notify prescriber immediately if any of these occurs.

Tell patient not to take drug for more than 5 days in a row.

LACTULOSE




Generic Name:Lactulose

Brand Name:

Classification:Laxatives

Dosage: 30ml

Treatment of constipation.

( Nursing 2008 Drug Handbook copyright Lippincott Williams and Wilkins page. 696)

Produces an osmotic effect in colon, resulting distention promotes peristalsis. Also decreases ammonia, probably as a result of bacterial degradation, which lowers the Ph of colon contents.

( Nursing 2008 Drug Handbook copyright Lippincott Williams and Wilkins page.696)

Side Effect:

Gastrointestinal:Flatulence, diarrhea, gaseous distention, nausea,vomiting, belching and abdominal discomfort.

Adverse Reaction:


Patient Teaching:

Inform patient about adverse reactions and tell him to notify prescriber if reactions become bothersome or if diarrhea occurs.

Instruct patient not to take other laxatives during lactulose therapy.

Make sure you have ready access to bathroom; bowel movements will be increased to two or three per day.

Report diarrhea, severe belching, abdominal fullness.

NALBUPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE ( NUBAIN)



Date Ordered:

Generic Name:Nalbuphine Hydrochloride

Brand Name: Nubain

Classification:Opioid analgesic

Dosage: 15mgIntramuscular

Treating and preventing moderate to severe pain. It can also be used for pain relief before and after surgery.


Unknown. Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain.


Side Effect:

Adverse Reaction:

Central Nervous System:Dizziness, headache, sedation, vertigo.

Cardiovascular:Bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia.

Gastrointestinal:Constipation, cramps, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting

Respiratory: Respiratory depression.



Monitor circulatory and respiratory status and bladder and bowel function. If respirations are shallow or rate is below 12 breaths per minute, withhold dose and notify prescriber.

Constipation is often severe with maintenance therapy. Make sure stool softener or other laxative is ordered.

Patient Teaching:

Caution ambulatory patient about getting out of bed or walking.

Teach patient how to manage troublesome adverse effects such as constipation.

INSULIN GLULISINE (APIDRA)




Generic Name:Insulin Glulisine

Brand Name:Apidra

Classification:Insulin

Dosage: 2 unitsSubcutaneous

Diabetes mellitus in adults. Usually used in regimens that include a longer-acting insulin or basal insulin analog.


Lowers glucose level by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and decreasing hepatic glucose production.


Side Effect:

Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash.

Adverse Reaction:

Metabolic: hypoglycemia

Skin: injection- site reactions, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash

Other: allergic reactions, anaphylaxis



Drug has a more rapid onset and shorter duration of action than regular human insulin. Give within 15 minutes before or immediately after a meal.

When used in an external subcutaneous infusion pump, don’t mix drug with any other insulin or diluent.

Patient Teaching:

or drug study

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