Optoelectronic Device and Optoelectronic Device and Fiber Link CharacterizationFiber Link Characterization

in in Computer Integrated Computer Integrated

Electronics LaboratoryElectronics Laboratory

ASEE 2007 Annual Conference,ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007

Mustafa G. GuvenchMustafa G. Guvench

AbstractAbstract

It is shown that, with minimal additional investment It is shown that, with minimal additional investment in an in an Optical Spectrum AnalyzerOptical Spectrum Analyzer and a and a Thermo Thermo Stream temperature controllerStream temperature controller, , light sourceslight sources, such as , such as LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge lamps, lamps, and detectorsand detectors, such as photodiodes and solar , such as photodiodes and solar cells, and optoelectronic combinations of them, like cells, and optoelectronic combinations of them, like Optical Isolators and Optical Fiber Links Optical Isolators and Optical Fiber Links can be can be measured and characterizedmeasured and characterized for their electrical, opto- for their electrical, opto-electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE equivalent parameters in a standard equivalent parameters in a standard Computer-Computer-Integrated-Electronics laboratoryIntegrated-Electronics laboratory. .

Introduction & BackgroundIntroduction & Background

Computer-Integrated-Electronics Laboratory established with grants from N.S.F. Integrates PC with Electronic Test Bench Equipment Therefore facilitates automated electronic tests and measurements

and provides in-situ Math, Design and Simulation tools (Mathematica, PSpice, L-Edit, …)

Courses served: Electronics I & II, Analog & Digital CMOS VLSI, Silicon I.C. Microfabrication, Senior Design Projects

Computer-Integrated-Electronics LaboratoryComputer-Integrated-Electronics Laboratory

The Computer Integrated Electronics Laboratory Workstation

SPICE Verification of Designs and Automated SPICE Verification of Designs and Automated Frequency Response Tests in the Computer-Frequency Response Tests in the Computer-

Integrated-Electronics LaboratoryIntegrated-Electronics Laboratory

Measured P-N Junction Diode

I-V Characteristics

Extraction of SPICE Parameters from Diode

Measurements.

Device Measurements in the Computer-Device Measurements in the Computer-Integrated-Electronics LaboratoryIntegrated-Electronics Laboratory

Measured JFET Drain Chs.

Measured and SPICE Modeled

JFET Transfer Chs.

Measured BJT Collector Chs.Measured P-N Junction

Diode I-V Characteristics

Extraction of SPICE Parameters from Diode

Measurements.

Measured MOS C-V Characteristics

CMOS Analog I.C. Design in the CMOS Analog I.C. Design in the Computer Integrated Electronics LaboratoryComputer Integrated Electronics Laboratory

Design of Operational Amplifiers MOSIS Fabricated Multi-Project Chip

NeedNeed

New course introduced: Optoelectronics Lecture-only Contents: Principles of Optics, Optical Fibers, Semiconductor

Devices, Photodetectors and Solar Cells, Light Emitters including LASERS, Spectral and Electrical Properties and Applications

Textbook: Kasap, S.O., "Optoelectronics and Photonics", Prentice Hall 2001

Need: In-Class Demos and Hands on Experiments

No Resources

Added to C.I.E. Lab.Added to C.I.E. Lab.

1. A High Resolution Optical Spectrometer: Ocean Optics Model HR-2000CG-UV-NIR USB 0.1 nm resolution Optical Fiber Input USB interface powered and Portable

2. A Temperature Controlled Device Test Chamber: Thermo-Stream Model AM-003

Optically Transparent Glass Chamber Heated/Cooled Dry Air Supply with Temperature Control -70C < T < +120C

Temperature Controlled Optoelectronic Temperature Controlled Optoelectronic Device Test ChamberDevice Test Chamber

Optoelectronic Device Optoelectronic Device Automated I-V Measurement SetupAutomated I-V Measurement Setup

Schematic Diagram of the Optoelectronic Device Automated Measurement Setup

Measured I-V Characteristics of Measured I-V Characteristics of Various Optoelectronic Light EmittersVarious Optoelectronic Light Emitters

I-led vs V-led

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5

V-led

I-le

d

red

red laser

orange

yellow

green

white

IR

blue

inc.

Measured I-V Characteristics of P-N Junction Emitters Measured I-V Characteristics of P-N Junction Emitters Plotted for SPICE Parameter Extraction of IS, N, RSPlotted for SPICE Parameter Extraction of IS, N, RS

Measured I-V Characteristics of an Orange LED and its Measured I-V Characteristics of an Orange LED and its Response to Ambient Temperature Response to Ambient Temperature

Orange: I-led vs V-led

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0.05

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

V-led

I-le

d

70 C

25 C

-30 C

Measured Current Transfer Characteristics of an Measured Current Transfer Characteristics of an Orange LED–Silicon PhotoCell Optocouple and its Orange LED–Silicon PhotoCell Optocouple and its

Response to Ambient Temperature Response to Ambient Temperature

Optical Power Output vs Electrical Power Input Optical Power Output vs Electrical Power Input Characteristics of an Orange LED as a Function of Characteristics of an Orange LED as a Function of

Ambient Temperature Ambient Temperature

Measured I-V Characteristics of a Miniature Measured I-V Characteristics of a Miniature Incandescent Light Bulb and its Response to Ambient Incandescent Light Bulb and its Response to Ambient

Temperature Temperature

Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of Various Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of Various LEDs and a LASER Diode and an Incandescent Lamp LEDs and a LASER Diode and an Incandescent Lamp

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050

Wavelength (nanometers)

Rel

ativ

e S

pec

tral

Ou

tpu

t Blue

Green

Red

Orange

White

Yellow

Lamp

Laser

Infrared

Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of a Red Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of a Red LED and its Response to Ambient Temperature LED and its Response to Ambient Temperature

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

500 550 600 650 700 750 800

Wavelength (nm)

Inte

nsi

ty Red LED @-30C

Red LED @+25C

Red LED @+70C

NSC-USM SOLAR CELLNSC-USM SOLAR CELL

Finished Solar CellFinished Solar Cell Cross SectionCross Section

400W Metal Halide +

2x 300W Quartz Halogen

=

Sun on 8” Wafer.

Our Solar SimulatorOur Solar Simulator

Solar Simulator ResultsSolar Simulator Results

ConclusionsConclusions

With minimal additional investment in an With minimal additional investment in an Optical Spectrum AnalyzerOptical Spectrum Analyzer and a and a Thermo Stream temperature controllerThermo Stream temperature controller, it was shown that , it was shown that light light sourcessources, such as LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge , such as LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge lamps, lamps, and detectorsand detectors, such as photodiodes and solar cells, and , such as photodiodes and solar cells, and optoelectronic combinations of them, like Optical Isolators and Optical optoelectronic combinations of them, like Optical Isolators and Optical Fiber Links Fiber Links can be measured and characterizedcan be measured and characterized for their electrical, opto- for their electrical, opto-electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE equivalent parameters electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE equivalent parameters in a in a Computer-Integrated-Electronics laboratoryComputer-Integrated-Electronics laboratory. .

The measurements reported here were successfully incorporated into a The measurements reported here were successfully incorporated into a lecture-only course on Optoelectronics to enhance and supplement the lecture-only course on Optoelectronics to enhance and supplement the theoretical background built in the course.theoretical background built in the course.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation,

USM Technology GrantUSM Technology Grant

Ocean Optics Inc. Grant matchOcean Optics Inc. Grant matchNational Science Foundation National Science Foundation (USE 905 1602 )(USE 905 1602 )

ASEE 2007 Annual Conference,ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Mustafa G. Guvench Mustafa G. Guvench

ASEE 2007 Annual Conference,ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007

The Measurement SystemThe Measurement System

Schematic Drawing of the High-Current Solar-Cell Test Set up

Design, Fabrication and Testing of Design, Fabrication and Testing of Solar Cells (Solar Cells (National SemiconductorNational Semiconductor))

-0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8V

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

I

Design, Fabrication and Testing of Design, Fabrication and Testing of Solar Cells (Solar Cells (National SemiconductorNational Semiconductor))

-0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8V

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

I

Table 2.3

LED Type Current (mA) Wavelength (λ)

Bandgap (eV)

Green 30 mA 5.6337E-07 2.2025

Orange 15.3 mA 6.2353E-07 1.9900

Blue 1.88 mA 4.74E-07 2.6178

White 15.2 mA 5.5028E-07 2.2549

Yellow 20.0 mA 5.9261E-07 2.0938

Red 13.0 mA 6.4763E-07 1.9159

Infrared 36.4 mA 9.4031E-07 1.3196(GaAs)

Equation 2.3: Eg = (hc)/(eλ)

Spectrum

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

200 400 600 800 1000

Wavelength (nm)

Da

rk A

dju

ste

d R

ela

tiv

e In

ten

sit

y

one halogen

two halogen

metal halide

flourescent

metal halide and twohalogens

IV Characteristics

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

-0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7

Voltage (V)

Cu

rre

nt

(A)

One Halogen

Tw o Halogen

All Lamps

dark

One halogen Pow er

Tw o Halogen Pow er

All Lamps Pow er

Solar Simulator Solar Simulator ResultsResults

In the final form, the radiation intensity was tested and found to be within +/- 10% up to 8 inch diameter and much better (+/-3%) for a smaller 6 inch diameter wafers.

2.5

5

7.5

10

2.5

5

7.5

10

60

70

80

90

100

2.5

5

7.5

10

2 4 6 8 10 12

2

4

6

8

10

12

• Purple Circle shows our 200mm waferwithin 80% range.• Considering a solar intensity = 100mW/cm2• Silicon solar is expected to generate20mA/cm2• 8inch wafer = 1 Si Solar Cell = >6A Photo Current

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

Introduction and Background

Goals

The Solar Cell Test Setup: • Design, Features & Results

The Solar Simulator:

The USM-NSC Solar Cell• Design• Results

Conclusions