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OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology

• College of Optometry website– Current students

– Academic resources

– Online course materials

• http://www.opt.uh.edu/current-students/academic-resources/online-course-materials/

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Physiology and Molecular BiologyFall 2017

Laura J. Frishman, PhD, Deborah C Otteson, PhD

Lanny Shulman, OD, PhD Muscle

Deborah C. Otteson, PhD Molecular Biology

Rachel Redfern, OD, PhD Immunology

Alan R. Burns, PhD Cardiovascular System

Nick R. Holdeman, OD, MD Hypertension

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Fall 2017Physiology/Pathology – Molecules to Systems

Membrane biology

Neuro and muscle physiology

Cell & molecular biology

Immunology

Systems physiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical correlations

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Preparation for:

General and ocular pathology

Ocular anatomy and physiology

General and ocular pharmacology

Future courses and clinical applications

Boards and beyond

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Preparation for…..

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Why carrots are soImportant?

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Systemic diseases that affect the eye: Example: Herpes zoster

HZ ophthalmicus 7

Eukaryotic CellsCharacteristics of the plasma membrane

Transport across the cell membrane

August 22, 2017Fall 2017, OPTO 5344

Lecture 1 8

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Cell types:In and around the eye

NeuronsEpithelialMuscleConnectiveFat

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ORGANELLES

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Size of cells and organelles

confocal

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•Microfilament (cell motility, e.g. actin)

•Intermediate filament (Tensile strength, e.g. keratins, vimentin)

•Microtubule (tracks, e.g. tubulin)

Microtubule motorskinesinsdyneins

Cytoskeleton

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The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model

ECF

ICF

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The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model

ECF

ICF14

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Junctions between cells:garden variety epithelial cell

Basal lamina: laminins, collagens, proteoglycans…Extracellular matrix and connective tissue 15

Cell adhesion

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Gap junctions -

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Ciliary epithelium

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Body fluid compartments

Total body water 50-70%% of body weight

2/3 in intracellular fluid/ 1/3 in extracellular

water: 70-85% of cell mass (40% of body wt)

Electrolytes - (e.g. K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, ) <1% of cell mass

See Table 1

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Composition: extracellular & intracellular fluid

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Transport across the cell membrane

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Channels and transporters

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AquaporinsWater channels

202003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Peter Agre & Roderick MacKinnon

tetramer

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Membrane permeability

Aquaporins – H2O

Aquaglyceroporinsgasesglycerolsmall uncharged

polar molecules

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Simple diffusion

NET FLUX = J = PA CA – CB)

P Permeability (P = KD/x)

A Area

C Concentration

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K Partition coefficient (lipid solubility)D Diffusion coefficient (cm2/sec)x Membrane thickness (cm)

Passive diffusion

Time 28

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Channels in membranes

• Ligand or receptor-activated

• Voltage-activated

• Mechano-sensitive, e.g. stretch-activated29

Simple diffusion or carrier-dependent

• Carrier dependent:

Rate saturates

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Channels and transporters

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Primary active transport: Na+ –K+ ATPase

Nobel prize: 1997 (Skou) 32

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Membrane permeability

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Secondary active transport:co-transport – symport in this example

OutsideInside

or Glucose

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Active transport: primary and secondary

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Measures of solute concentration

Molarity – moles / L

Equivalent – takes valence into

account

Osmolarity – moles solute particles/L

Osmolality – moles solute particles/Kg

Percent solution – gms in 100 mL

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Concentration conversion

NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a0.9% solution (isotonic)

(molarity - molecular wt in gms/L)

Na 23 gm

Cl 35 gm

NaCl 58 gm

Worked out on the board in class

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Concentration conversion from mM to percent solution for isotonic saline

NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a

0.9% solution (isotonic)

Na 23 gm

Cl 35 gm

NaCl 58 gm

0.154 M X 58 gm = 8.9 gm (Approx. 9 gm) in 1.0 liter of water

0.9 gm in 100 ml of water = 0.9%38

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Osmotic pressure

Tonicity

Osmosis – Movement of solvent (water)

Tonicity

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Endocytosis and exocytosis

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Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments

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Phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells of shed photoreceptor disks

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