options and strategies for nitrogen removal at...
TRANSCRIPT
Options and strategies for nitrogen
removal at WWTP
Susanne Lackner
Institute IWAR, Chair of Wastewater Engineering, TU Darmstadt
Energy requirements for N removal
Nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment: org. N and ammonium
min 30-40 % of total energy requirements for N-Elimination
Energy requirement for aeration:
ca. 16-18 kWh/(PE a) for C and N removal
ca. 13 kWh/(PE a) for N removal
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 2
67%
8%
11%
6%
5%
3%
biological treatment + clarification flocculation/filtration
sludge treatment infrastructure and other
draw works mechanical treatment
Source: Energieeffizienz kommunaler Kläranlagen, Umweltbundesamt, 2009
Classical Technical Nitrogen Cycle: N/DN
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 3
𝑵𝑯𝟒+
𝑵𝑶𝟐−
𝑵𝑶𝟑− 𝑵𝑶𝟐
−
org. carbon
𝑵𝑶
𝑵𝟐𝑶
𝑵𝟐
ammonium oxidation
nitrite oxidation
denitrification
1
2
3
23
𝑶𝟐
𝑶𝟐
𝑵𝑶𝟐−
1
𝑯𝟐
Haber-Bosch
…extended – Deammonification
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 4
𝑵𝑯𝟒+
𝑵𝑶𝟐−
𝑵𝑶𝟑− 𝑵𝑶𝟐
−
org. Kohlenstoff
𝑵𝑶
𝑵𝟐𝑶
𝑵𝟐𝑵𝑶 𝑵𝟐𝑯𝟒
anaerobic ammonium oxidation
(Anammox)
ammonium oxidation
nitrite oxidation
Denitrification
1
2
3
4
23
4
𝑶𝟐
𝑶𝟐
𝑵𝑶𝟐−
1
May 24, 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 5
1977: E. Broda‘s theoretical
prediction
„inexplicable“ nitrogen losses in
reactor systems
Characterization of the bacteria responsible
First selective full-scale implementations in
Strass, Hattingen, Rotterdam, …
Development of commercial technologies
for side-stream/industrial wwt (DEMON®,
ANAMMOX®, ANITA MoxTM,…)
first targeted research projects on
"anaerobic" ammonium oxidation
1995: Mulder A. et al. first scientific
evidence
more than 100
installations worldwide
further development for
use in municipal wwt
2010
1990‘s
1980‘s
2000‘s
DEMON®
ANAMMOX®
ANITA MoxTM
Development of “Anammox” – based
technologies
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 6
Lackner S., Gilbert E.M., Vlaeminck S.V., Joss A., Horn H., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. (2014). Full-scale Partial Nitritation/Anammox Experiences - an
Application Survey. Water Research, 55, 292-303.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
scie
n. .p
ub
lica
tion
s
full
-sca
le i
nst
alla
tion
s
year
installations publications
Implementation of Deammonification
Which reactor concepts can be used?
Which (inflow) parameters are to be considered for the
implementation?
Which operating concepts are promising for the application /
stable operation?
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 7
Implementation of Deammonification
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 8Lackner S., Gilbert E.M., Vlaeminck S.V., Joss A., Horn H., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. (2014). Full-scale Partial Nitritation/Anammox Experiences - an
Application Survey. Water Research, 55, 292-303.
Reactor concepts
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 9
Flocs
Biofilms
Granules
1-stage
2-stage
Sludge systems
Hybrid systems
PN: Partial Nitritation
A: Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox)
NH4+
Relevant Parameters
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 10
O2
SRT
C:N
Alk.
degree of influence
sidestream - mainstream
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 11
0
8
16
24
32
40
Jan. 10 Mai. 10 Aug. 10 Nov. 10 Feb. 11 Jun. 11 Sep. 11 Dez. 11
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
0
8
16
24
32
40
Okt. 11 Jan. 12 Mai. 12 Aug. 12 Nov. 12 Feb. 13 Jun. 13 Sep. 13
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
sid
estr
eam
ma
instr
eam
Impact of Temperature
Temperature dependency of reaction rates r
θ (theta): Arrhenius coefficient (Ea = activation energy)
Activation energy for Anammox Bacteria:
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 12
𝑟𝑇 = 𝑟20°𝐶 ∙ 𝜃𝑇−20
𝜃 = 𝑒𝐸𝑎
𝑅𝑇1𝑇2
Ea Temperature range Referenze
70 kJ mol-1 20 – 43 °C Strous et al. (1999)
94 kJ mol-1 6 – 22 °C Isaka et al. (2008)
128 kJ mol-1 10 – 15 °C Lotti et al. (2015)
Impact of Temperature
depending on biomass
origin and composition, the
temperature dependence
may vary
at low temperatures, the
activation energy is higher,
otherwise an
overestimation of the
activity is likely, especially
at T <15 ° C
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 13
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
5 10 15 20 25 30
Wac
hst
um
srat
e [
1/
d]
Temperatur [°C]
Ea=70 kJ/mol
Ea=94 kJ/mol
Ea=128 kJ/mol
0
0.006
0.012
0.018
0.024
0.03
5 10 15 20
gro
wth
rate
[1
/d
]
Temperature[°C]
Ea=70 kJ/mol
Ea=94 kJ/mol
Ea=128 kJ/mol
Ea µmax,T (ref. temp.)
70 kJ mol-1 0,072 d-1 (30 °C)
94 kJ mol-1 0,028 d-1 (20 °C)
128 kJ mol-1 0,01 d-1 (15 °C)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan. 00 Feb. 00 Apr. 00 Jun. 00 Aug. 00 Okt. 00 Dez. 00
Nge
s[m
g/l]
0
400
800
1200
Jun. 11 Sep. 11 Dez. 11 Mrz. 12 Jul. 12 Okt. 12 Jan. 13 Mai. 13 Aug. 13
NH
4-N
[g-N
m-3
]
sidestream - mainstream
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 14
sid
estr
eam
ma
instr
eam
residual ammonium concentration
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 15
• setting a residual
ammonium concentration
has proven to suppress
NOB
(Nitrospira spp.) @ 20 °C
• the change between NOB
suppression and increase
was at ammonium
concentrations between 2 –
5 mg-N/L with O2
concentrations less than
4 mg/L
Poot, V., Hoekstra, M., Geleijnse, M.A.A., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. and Pérez, J. (2016) Effects of the residual ammonium concentration on NOB
repression during partial nitritation with granular sludge. Water Research 106(Supplement C), 518-530.
Operating Strategies
IN/OUT
keeping aerobic and anaerobic
ammonium oxidizing bacteria in
the system
Wash-out/suppress nitrite
oxidizing bacteria and
heterotrophic bacteria
ON/OFF
aeration strategies
residual ammonium
concentration
…
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 16
IN
OUT
ONOFF
low O2 Set-Pointlow (AnAOB) -
high (AerAOB)
configuration, aeration regime
& inflow regime
ON/OFF – concepts
May 24, 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 17
t or z
O2 N
t or z
suppressing NOBfavoring AnAOB and AOB
incorporating HBNOx˗
substrate supply
temporal (t) / spatial (z)
ON/OFF – concepts
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 18
suppressing NOBfavoring AnAOB and AOB
incorporating HBNOx˗
minimizing the aerobic
nitrite availability
delay in nitrate production after the shift
from anoxic to aerobic
residual ammonium (AnAOB and AOB)
minimizing O2 inhibition (AnAOB)
anoxic bCOD availability (HBNOx˗)
inhibitory conditions
exposition to ammonia, free nitrous acid
,…
optimized conditions
e.g. sufficient inorganic carbon
IN / OUT – concepts
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 19
Demonstration project at the
WWTP Strass, Austria
Bioaugmentation from the sidestream
into the mainstream, from Wett et al.
2013
Vacum sieve
(Kason, USA)
212 µm
Han et al. 2016https://en.paques.nl/products
/featured/anammox
Selective biomass retention with sieves
ANITA™ Mox, Veolia
carrier based systems
granular biomass
managing the microbiota network
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 20
IN – retention & seeding
ON - promotion
washout - OUT
suppression - OFF
PRESENCE
METABOLIC
STATE
NOB
HBAer
AerAOB
AnAOB
HBNO2-
HBNO3-
NH4+
NO2-
O2
bCOD
angepasst aus: Agrawal S., Seuntjens D., De Cocker P., Lackner S., Vlaeminck S.E. (2018) Success of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox demands
integration of engineering, microbiome and modeling insights. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, in press
24. Mai 2018 | IWAR – Fachgebiet Abwasserwirtschaft II | Prof. Dr. Susanne Lackner | 21
Thank youfor your
attention