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    Optimization: Introduction

    Prepared by Performance Team

    Optimization: Introduction

    Episode: I

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    Optimization: Introduction

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    Contents

    Global indicators

    Typical Radio Network Problem

    Coverage Problem Interference problem

    Unbalanced power budget problem

    Congestion problem

    Problems and responsibleparties

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    Global Indicators

    4 stages of a call establishment, 2

    stages (1&2) for location update :

    1. Radio link establishment Phase2. SDCCH Phase

    then only Circuit Switch call

    3. TCH assignment Phase

    4. Alerting/Connect Phase

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    Global

    Indicators

    MS BTS BSC MSC

    (RACH)

    CHANNEL REQUESTCHANNEL REQUIRED

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

    IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND

    (AGCH)

    IMMEDIATE ASSIGN

    (SDCCH)

    SABM (L3 info)

    (SDCCH)

    UA (L3 info)

    ESTABLISH IND (L3 info)CR (Connection Request: L3

    INFO)

    CC (Connection Complete)

    AUTHENTICATION REQUEST

    AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

    CIPHERING MODE COMMAND

    CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE

    SETUP

    CALL PROCEEDING

    LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST (IN CASE OF LU)

    LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT (IN CASE OF LU)

    TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE (IN CASE OF LU)

    ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) TCH allocation

    CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

    (SDCCH)

    ASSIGNMENT COMMEND

    SABM

    UA (L3 info)TCHESTABLISH INDICATION

    ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE

    ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE

    ALERTING

    CONNECT

    CONNECT ACK.

    CONVERSATION

    Mobile Originated Call (MOC)

    1. Radio Link

    EstablishmentPhase

    2. SDCCH Phase

    3. TCH Assignment Phase

    4. Alert and Connect Phase

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    Global Indicators

    Handover: Intracell HOMS BTS BSC MSC

    Measurement ReportMEASUREMENT RESULT

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)

    (SDCCH)

    SABM (L3 info)

    (SDCCH)

    UA (L3 info)

    ESTABLISH IND (new channel)

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)

    ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)ASSIGNMENT CMD

    ASSIGNMENT CMP ESTABLISH COMPLETE (new channel)

    HANDOVER PERFORMED

    RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)

    RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)

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    Global Indicators

    Handover: Internal HOMS

    Serving

    CellBSC MSC

    Meas. Report

    MEASUREMENT RESULT

    HANDOVER COMMAND

    HANDOVER ACCESS

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION

    SABM (L3 info)

    UA (L3 info)

    HANDOVER PERFORMED

    Target

    Cell

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK.

    HO CMD

    HANDOVER DETECTION

    PHYSICAL INFORMATION

    ESTABLISH INDICATION

    HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP

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    Global Indicators

    Handover: External HOMS Serving Cell MSCBSC

    MEAS_REPORT

    MEAS_RESULT

    HO_COMMAND

    HO_ACCESS

    SABM (L3 info)

    UA (L3 info)

    Target Cell

    HO_REQUIRED

    HO_DETECTION

    ESTABLISH_INDICATION

    HO_COMPLETE

    Release of TCH

    BSC MS

    CR (HO_REQUEST)

    CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION

    CHANNEL_ACT_ACK

    HO_REQUEST_ACK

    (HO_COMMAND)

    HO_ACCESSHO_DETECTION

    PHYSICAL_INFO

    HO_COMPLETE

    CLEAR_COMMANDCause: HO_SUCCESSFUL

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : SDCCH Congestion

    SDCCH Assignment Failure

    SDCCH Drop

    TCH Assignment Failure

    Call Drop

    Call Setup Success

    Call Success

    Outgoing Handover

    Incoming Handover

    Handover Causes Distribution(Better/Level/Quality/MCHO/...)

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH Congestion :MS BTS BSC

    (RACH)

    CHANNEL REQUESTCHANNEL REQUIRED

    IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND

    (AGCH)

    IMM. ASS. REJECT (OPTION)

    NO FREE SDCCH !!!

    MS will try to request again for a certain of times

    If still failures, it will

    Wait for a certain of time without reception of

    immediate_assign message

    Try an automatic cell_reselection in case of

    LU (no impact for subscriber)

    Notify a network error for call establishment

    (call setup failure for subscriber)

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH Congestion : Main causes

    Too much SDCCH normal traffic for cell

    SDCCH design

    Logical cell design, extra TRX, new site

    Common Transport Effect Difficult to avoid for small cells

    LA border at crowded area

    Abnormal SDCCH traffic

    phantom channel requests

    Inadequate LAC design, causing too much

    LU

    Redesign LAC

    Problem with neighbor cells belong to other

    LAC

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH RF Failure : main causes

    Real radio problems

    Unbalanced power budget

    Bad coverage

    Interference

    In case of radio failure, MS will retry as in case of

    SDCCH congestion

    MS BTS BSC MSC

    (RACH)

    CHANNEL REQUESTCHANNEL REQUIRED

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK

    IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMEND

    (AGCH)

    IMMEDIATE ASSIGN

    ??? no message from MS

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH RF Failure : main causes

    Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy...RACH

    Channel request received but not sent : 3

    causes

    1. Noise decoding

    2. Reception of channel request sent to a

    neighbor cell

    3. Reception of HO_ACCESS sent to aneighbor cell

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH

    1. Noise decoding

    GSM 05.05: 0.02% of RACH Frame can be

    decoded without error without real input signal

    (this extra-load has no impact for the system) BCCH not combined: 156 phantom

    RACCH/hour (or about 0.08 Erlang SDCCH)

    BCCH combined: 83 phantom RACH/hour

    During period with low real traffic (night), high

    rate of phantom RACH

    No impact for subscriber

    But impact on indicator SDCCH RF access

    failure

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH

    2. Channel request sent to neighbor cell

    Subscriber is not impacted ( the real transactionis performed elsewhere)

    But SDCCH RF access failure is impacted

    Usual radio planning rules are sufficient to avoidthe trouble (BSIC and BCCH frequency plan)

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH RF Failure : main causes : Phantom RACH

    3. Channel request due to handover

    During HO, first message sent to target cell is

    HO access which is an access burst like

    channel_request If received on BCCH, can be understood as a

    channel-request

    This case is the most dangerous

    MS is sending usually a sequence of HO

    Access message, every frame !!

    In some cases, this can create phantom RACH

    if the frequency of TCH is co- or adjacent to one

    of the interfered BCCH

    Can block very easily SDCCH

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    Global Indicators

    SDCCH Drop :

    Loss of connection during SDCCH phase =

    SDCCH Drop

    3 causes of SDCCH drop

    Radio problems when connected on SDCCH

    BSS problems (Transcoder and Internal BSS

    problems)

    Call lost during an SDCCH HO (handover

    failure without reversion to old channel)

    BTS BSC

    CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION

    (cause : radio link failure)

    Radio connection loss

    CLEAR REQUEST

    (cause : radio interface failure)

    MSCMS

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    Global Indicators

    TCHassign failure : Congestion

    4 sub causes of congestion

    A: Queuing is not allowed

    B: Queue is full

    C: T11 expired

    D: RTCH requests is de-queued due to a

    high priority (i.e. emergency call) request to

    be queued

    BTS BSC

    no RTCH available on request cellASSIGNMENT FAILURE

    cause No Radio Resources Available

    MS

    ASSIGNMNET REQUEST

    MS

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    Global Indicators

    TCHassign failure : Radio

    MS BTS BSC MSC

    ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) TCH allocation

    CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

    (SDCCH)

    ASSIGNMENT COMMEND

    TCHRadio Problem

    ASSIGNMENT FAILURE

    Radio interface failure

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    Global Indicators

    TCHassign failure : BSS

    MS BTS BSC MSC

    ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST

    PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) TCH allocation

    CHANNEL ALLOCATION ACK.

    (SDCCH)

    ASSIGNMENT COMMEND

    BSS Problem

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    Global Indicators

    TCHDrop : Radio

    MS BTS BSC

    CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION

    (cause : radio link failure)

    Radio Problem

    CLEAR REQUEST

    (cause : radio interface failure)

    MSC

    Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

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    Global Indicators

    TCHDrop : BSS

    Transcoder reported problem

    Abis transmission Problem: Microwave,Microwave antenna, fixed line problems.

    Problem on TC boards (hardware problem)

    MS BTS BSC

    CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION

    (Remote transcoder failure)

    Radio Problem

    CLEAR REQUEST(Equipment failure)

    MSC

    Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

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    Global Indicators

    TCHDrop : BSS

    Other BSS problem (excluding TC)

    Hardware or software failures of BSC/BTS

    MS BTS BSC

    BSS problem CLEAR REQUESTO&M intervention

    Radio interface failure

    MSC

    Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

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    Global Indicators

    TCHDrop : Handover

    Call drop during handover

    MS BTS BSC

    HO failure without reversion CLEAR REQUESTRadio interface message failure

    MSC

    Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time

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    Global Indicators

    Intracell HO Failures

    Congestion

    Reversion to Old Channel (ROC)

    Drop Radio

    BSS problem

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    Global Indicators

    Intracell HO Failures : Congestion

    MSServing

    BTSBSC MSC

    Measurement ReportMEASUREMENT RESULT

    No Free TCH/SDCCH

    Intracell HO Failures : Drop

    MS BTS BSC MSC

    ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)

    Release of old and new channels

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    Global Indicators

    Intracell HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel

    Serving

    BTS

    Serving

    BSC MSC

    SABM (new channel)

    UA (new channel)

    ESTABLISH IND (new channel)

    ASSIGNMENT COMMEND (old channel)ASSIGNMENT CMD

    ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)

    RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)

    RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)

    MS

    XSABM (new channel)

    UA (new channel)X

    SABM (old channel)

    UA (old channel)

    ASSIGNMENT FAIL ASSIGNMNENT FAILURE

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    Global Indicators

    Internal HO Failures : Reversion to Old ChannelServing

    CellBSC MSC

    HANDOVER COMMAND

    HANDOVER ACCESS

    SABM (L3 info)

    UA (L3 info)

    Target

    Cell

    HO CMD

    HANDOVER DETECTION

    PHYSICAL INFORMATION

    ESTABLISH INDICATION

    HANDOVER COMPLETE

    MS

    X

    SABM

    UM

    HO FAILURE

    ESTABLISH INDICATION

    HO FAILURE

    Release of new channel

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    Global Indicators

    Internal HO Failures : Drop

    MSServing

    CellBSC MSC

    Meas. Report

    MEASUREMENT RESULT

    HANDOVER COMMAND

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION

    Clear_request

    Target

    Cell

    CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK.

    HO CMD

    Clear_command

    Release of old and new TCH

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    Global Indicators

    External HO Failures : Congestion

    MS Serving Cell MSCBSC

    MEAS_REPORT

    MEAS_RESULT

    HO_REQUIRED_REJECT

    Target Cell

    HO_REQUIRED

    BSC MS

    CR (HO_REQUEST)

    HO_FAILURE

    Cause: no radio resource available

    External HO Failures : A int. CongestionMS Serving Cell MSCBSC

    MEAS_REPORT

    MEAS_RESULT

    HO_REQUIRED_REJECT

    Target Cell

    HO_REQUIRED

    BSC MS

    CR (HO_REQUEST)

    HO_FAILURE

    Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated

    Requested trerestrial resource unavailable

    BSS not equipped

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    Global Indicators

    External HO Failures : Reversion to Old Channel

    MS Serving Cell MSCBSC

    MEAS_REPORT

    MEAS_RESULT

    HO_COMMAND

    HO_ACCESS

    Target Cell

    HO_REQUIRED

    Release connection

    BSC MS

    CR (HO_REQUEST)

    CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION

    CHANNEL_ACT_ACK

    HO_REQUEST_ACK

    (HO_COMMAND)

    CLEAR_COMMAND

    XHO_ACCESS

    XSABM

    UAESTABLISH_INDICATION

    HO_FAILURE(reversion to pld channel)

    Radio interface fail:

    Reversion to old channel

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    Global Indicators

    External HO Failures : Drop

    MS Serving Cell MSCBSC

    MEAS_REPORT

    MEAS_RESULT

    HO_COMMAND

    HO_ACCESS

    Target Cell

    HO_REQUIRED

    Release connection

    BSC MS

    CR (HO_REQUEST)

    CC CHANNEL_ACTIVATION

    CHANNEL_ACT_ACK

    HO_REQUEST_ACK

    (HO_COMMAND)

    CLEAR_COMMAND

    XHO_ACCESS

    X

    Radio interface fail

    SABMX

    SABMX

    SABMX

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : SDCCH Congestion Rate

    Definition: Rate of SDCCH not allocated duringradio link establishment procedure due tocongestion on Air interface

    Comment: Check SDCCH Erlang : if not critical,SDCCH availability/allocation problem, or HOaccess on a nearby cell side effect orinterference on the carrier handling SDCCH (thelast 2 can lead to high rate if Phantom RACH

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : SDCCH Assign Failure Rate

    Definition: Rate of SDCCH seizure failed (BSSproblem, radio access problem) during radio link

    establishment procedure over the total amountof SDCCH seizure requests during radio linkestablishment procedure

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : SDCCH Drop Rate

    Definition: Rate of dropped SDCCH (SDCCH

    is established for any transaction OC, TC,LU, ...)

    Comment: Drop radio + Drop HO + DropBSS

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : TCH Assign Failure/Congestion Rate

    Definition:

    TCH Assign Failure Rate: Rate of RTCHseizure failed (BSS problem, radio access

    problem) during normal assignment procedureover the total amount or RTCH request fornormal assignment procedure

    TCH Assign Congestion Rate: Rate of RTCHnot allocated during normal assignment due tocongestion on Air interface

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Call Drop Rate

    Definition: Rate of dropped calls over the totalamount of calls with a successful end

    Comment: Drop BSS + Drop radio + Drop HO

    TCH drop occurring after successfulassignment but before speech connection areconsidered as call drop even if from customerspoint of view it is a call setup failure

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Call Setup Success Rate

    Definition: Rate of calls going until TCH successfulassignment, that is not interrupted by SDCCH drop

    neither by assignment failures Comment:

    Subscriber : call not established at the firstattempt

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Call Success Rate (BSS view)

    Definition: Rate of calls going until normal release,that is not interrupted by SDCCH drop neither by

    assignment failures and neither by CALL DROP Comment:

    1 call success =

    1 call successfully established

    Without any call drop

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Outgoing Handover Success Rate

    Definition: Rate of outgoing external and internal

    intercell TCH and SDCCH handover successesover the total amount of outgoing external andinternal intercell TCH and SDCCH handoverrequired

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Incoming Handover Success Rate

    Definition: Rate of incoming external and internalintercell TCH and SDCCH handover successes

    over the total amount of outgoing external andinternal intercell TCH and SDCCH handoverrequests

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    Global Indicators

    Important indicators : Handover Cause Distribution

    Definition: Distribution of Handover requests by cause:UL Qual, UL Lev, DL Qual, DL Lev, Better Cell, ULInterference, DL Interference, Interband, Micro cellsHO, Concentric cell causes

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    Typical Radio Problems

    i. Coverage Problem

    ii. Interference problem

    iii. Unbalanced power budget

    problem

    iv. Congestion problem

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    Typical Radio Problems

    Several sources of information for

    optimization

    QoS indicators

    Coverage predictions

    Customer complaints

    Drive tests

    Abis/A traces Other teams information (NSS statistics)

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    i. Coverage Problem

    Bad coverage :

    A network facing coverage problems has

    badRxLev. RxQual can be bad at thesame time.

    Sometimes the RxLev can look OK on the

    street (i.e. from drivetest) but coverage

    inside the buildings can be poor due tobuilding losses. Building losses can

    range from 10 to 30 dB or more.

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    i. Coverage Problem

    Indications : Customers complain about dropped calls

    and/orNo Network

    OMC QoS indicators

    TCH failure rate Call drop rate

    Low proportion of better cell HO

    High rate of DL & UL Level HO (possiblyalso DL/UL quality HO)

    A interface indicators

    High rate of Clear Request message, causeradio interface failure

    Drive Test

    Poor RxLev ( < -95 dBm)

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    i. Coverage Problem

    Investigation and Optimization : If actual coverage is not the one

    predicted by planning tool Check antenna system (azimuth, crossed

    sector?)

    Check prediction in the tool (EIRP, ClutterType, Obstructing building?). Most of thetime the prediction will be incorrect, as it isonly a computer simulation

    Increase or decrease antenna down-tilt

    Check BTS output power set in the OMC-R(BS_TXPWR_MAX: should always be setat 0)

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    i. Coverage Problem

    Investigation and Optimization :

    If actual coverage OK compared to

    predicted ones

    Improve coverage by adding Macro site,Microcell site (Border or Shadow areas), or

    IBC site (In-building coverage).

    Use parameter setting ex. Bi-layer

    Handover.

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    i. Coverage Problem

    Example on thresholds :

    From Drive test or Abis Interface

    RxLev < -95 dBm

    and

    RxQual > 4

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Interference :

    A network facing interferencesproblems presents goodRxLev

    and bad RxQual in the same

    time on some areas.

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Indications : Customers complain about bad speech

    quality (noisy calls) and/or call drops

    OMC QoS indicators

    SDCCH/TCH Drop

    Low proportion of better cell HO

    High rate of DL/UL quality HO andinterference HO

    Low HO success rate

    A interface indicators

    High rate of Clear Request message, causeradio interface failure

    Drive Test

    RxQual > 4 with RxLev > -85 dBm

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Typical causes :

    GSM interferences

    Co-channeladjacent

    Non GSM Interference

    Other Mobile Network

    Other RF sources

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Co-channel interference :

    C/I = Carrier-to-interference ratio

    +12 dB is taken into account forAlcatel ( +9 dB according to GSM

    standard) (i.e. interference can be

    9 12 dB weaker than serving

    cell to cause poor RxQual).

    Level

    Frequencyf(cell1)=f(cell2)

    +12 dB

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Co-channel interference :

    Indications

    Downlink and/or Uplink Interference

    High rate of quality handover, call drop, andcall setup failure

    Investigation

    Drive test analysis

    Lumpini: Co-channel checking

    Check prediction to verify which cell could be

    causing the interference

    Frequency plan C/I < 12 dB

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Co-channel interference :

    Optimization

    Antenna optimization Change frequency

    Reduce BTS power (not an option in TA

    Orange network)

    Concentric cell

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Co-channel interference: Optimization: Concentric cell

    Concept Conclusion from Alcatel trial onOranges network (Suburbanarea)

    Concentric cell is difficult tooptimize, and hence is rarelyused in the network today.

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Adjacent channel interference : C/A = Carrier-to-adjacent ratio

    -6 dB is taken into account for Alcatel ( -9 dBaccording to GSM standard).

    Level

    Frequencyf(cell2)=f(cell1)+1

    -6 dB

    f(cell1) f(cell2)

    E.g.

    f(cell1)= Ch.573f(cell2)= Ch.574

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Adjacent channel interference :

    Indications

    Downlink and/or Uplink Interference

    High rate of quality handover, call drop, and call

    failure Investigation

    Adjacent HO statistics (if they are defined as

    neighbors). If they often handover, then adjacent

    channel interference could be a problem.

    Drive test analysis Lumpini: Adjacent channel checking

    Cell coverage prediction

    Frequency plan C/I < -6 dB

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Adjacent channel interference :

    Optimization

    Antenna optimization Change frequency

    Reduce BTS power (not an option in TA

    Orange network)

    Concentric cell

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Interference : Forced Directed Retry MS should connect to Cell_A, but no

    TCH available.

    MS connects to Cell_B with forced

    directed retry

    MS is emitting at high level (due to long

    distance from Cell_B)

    UL interference for Cell_C

    Cell_B is emitting at high level (if DL PC

    is being used)

    DL interference at Cell_C MS is serving on the 2nd or 3rd best

    server: increases chances of

    interference problem (poor C/I & C/A asC is lower)

    Cell_B: Ch.573

    Cell_C: Ch.572

    Cell_A: Ch.569

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    ii. Interference Problem

    Non GSM interference :

    Other mobile network Inter-modulation with GSM BTS/MS receiver

    Other RF interferers Radar

    Shop anti-theft mechanism

    Medical devices

    Other man-made radio transmission

    Illegal usage of GSM frequencies (e.g. illegalimported devices, illegal usage of otherorganization, ...)

    ...

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    iii. Unbalance power budget Problem

    A cell facing unbalanced power budget problemspresents a too high path-loss difference betweenUL and DL (often DL>UL)

    Lower Rx diversity gain of cross polarizedantenna in rural area compared to dense area

    Crossed feeders

    Traffic not directly in boresight of antenna, wherecross-polar discrimination is lower

    Loose connectors

    Faulty antenna, feeder, TMA

    Rule : try to have delta as small as possible toavoid access network possible only in 1 direction(usually BTS->MS : OK and MS->BTS : NOK),i.e. uplink limited

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    Indicators : OMC QoS indicators

    High ratio of Uplink level Handover cause

    Low incoming HO success rate

    DL level looks OK for HO, but UL is too weakwhen HO is attempted

    Degradation of TCH failures and OC call dropindicators

    A interface indicators

    High rate of Clear Request message, cause

    radio interface failure O&M Alarms

    Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

    TMA

    iii. Unbalance power budget Problem

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    Investigation :Abis monitoring:

    ABS(delta Path loss) > 10

    Check if problem is occurring for 1 TRX orall.

    ABS(delta path loss) = ABS(UL Path loss

    DLPath loss)

    UL Path loss = MS transmitted powermeasured received UL level

    DL Path loss = BTS transmitted powercombiner loss measured received DL level

    Large difference between uplink and downlinklevel triggered HO.

    Use PM observation counter (in OMC-R)

    RT11

    iii. Unbalance power budget Problem

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    Optimization : This equipment

    should be checked

    TRX types (MP, HP)Antennas or common RF components,

    TMA (common to all TRX of the BTS)

    TRX RF cables, LNA

    iii. Unbalance power budget Problem

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    iv. TCH congestion Problem

    TCH Congestion :

    TCH Congestion rate (TCHAssignment Phase) is too high(more than 2%)

    Rule : try to meet the offered

    traffic (asked by users) byproviding the right number ofresources (TRX extension)

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    iv. TCH congestion Problem

    Indications : Customers complain about Network busy

    OMC QoS indicators High TCH Congestion rate, RTCH

    Assignment fail-Congestion

    Low incoming Intra/Inter BSC HO successrate (no TCH available)

    High Directed Retry rate or CongestionRelief (Motorola) if activated

    A interface indicators: BSS Congestionfailure in OC

    High rate of Assignment Failure message,No radio resource available

    Drive Test

    Handover to better cell is slow, or neveroccurs

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    iv. TCH congestion Problem

    Optimization :

    Special events :

    Foreseeable: football match, important

    meeting, Exhibition, etc. Add some extra TRXs

    Add special mobile BTSs (Cell onWheel)

    Activate HR (may not always be

    possible due to BSC capacitylimitations)

    Not foreseeable: car crash on thehighway

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    iv. TCH congestion Problem

    Optimization :

    Daily periodic problems : At busy hour:

    Hardware solution :

    Add TRX(s)

    Concentric cell

    New site

    Optimize cell boundaries (i.e.

    antenna optimization) to sharetraffic with surrounding cells

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    iv. TCH congestion Problem

    Optimization :

    Daily periodic problems : At busy hour:

    Software solution :

    Directed Retry

    Traffic Handover

    Half Rate (Alcatel)

    Congestion Relief (Motorola)

    Flow control (Motorola)

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    Problems and responsible parties

    Coverage problem : If the measured RxLev does not

    match the prediction

    Check the prediction, check panoramic

    pictures for obstructions Field Operation team to check physical

    configuration (tilt, azimuth, antenna

    height...). Also check for faults in the

    antenna system (VSWR, sweep

    antennas, DTF test, etc.) If Field Operation find no problem,

    antenna optimization may be required

    (if necessary)

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    Problems and responsible parties

    Coverage problem :

    If the field reality match the

    prediction

    RF team to add new sites (tri-sector,

    micro cellular, indoor cells) to improve

    poor/no coverage area (Optimizer

    requests for some new sites to RF

    team regarding to the drive test result)

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    Interference problem :

    Optimization team to identify the

    interference source and request Spectrum

    Management team to correct it in case of

    internal source (new frequency planning...)

    Unbalanced power budget problem :

    Field Operation team to check the impacted

    BTS (Antenna, TMA, RF cables, LNA,

    diversity system...) according to requestfrom Optimizer.

    Problems and responsible parties

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    TCH Congestion problem :

    Regional RF to request TRX

    expansion.

    Problems and responsible parties

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    Optimization: Introduction

    Episode: II

    O C

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    Organization

    Alcatel KPIs

    Optimization Workflow

    Optimization Process

    Optimization Tools

    Report Links

    Optimization: Contents

    O i i i O i i

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    Initial First Last Initial First Last

    50 Mr. Xavier Lepez ANTE & Performance Mgr. 2912 4995 09-100-6680

    51Ms. Sanida Sengyai .. Administrator 0723 5174 0 9100 6677

    52 Mr. Rob Werner Engineering Mgr. 1086 5152 0 9100 6466

    2EN1110 53 Mr. Andrew Barton Motorola Interface 0570 5151 0 9100 6424

    54 VacantBKK RF Interface

    55Mr. Prasong Kullama Alcatel Interface 0058 4986 0 9100 6432

    56Mr. Ferri Tafreshi Spectrum Management

    0991 5150 0 9100 6426

    57Mr. Aekkorn Poomseetana Spectrum Eng. 0239 5149 0 9100 6427

    58 Ms. Lilly Sarujikumjornwatana .. Spectrum Eng. 4022 5093 0 6501 0054

    59 Vacant Spectrum Eng.

    60 Vacant Spectrum Eng.

    61 Vacant Spectrum Eng.

    62 Mr. Nazli Abdullah Technical Support Mgr. 0609 5153 0 9100 6423

    63 Ms. Aphiwan Malaithong .. Software Eng. 1846 5143 0 9100 6428

    64 Mr. Pnot Limpiphiphatn Software Eng. 3028 5219 0 9100 6209

    65 Vacant Software Eng.

    66 Ms. Vorrachitt Veerachitt .. Frequency Planner (Cont rac tor) - 4027 0 6622 2907

    67 Mr. Warakorn Angkaphaiboonsakul Frequency Planner (Cont rac tor) - 4025 0 1833 4452

    68 Mr. S irasith Phanupornprapong Frequency Planner (Cont rac tor) - 4026 0 1802 211469 Mr. Stephane Tella Performance Mgr. - 5111 0 9100 6262

    70 Mr. Michael Powell Optimization Mgr. BKK 1045 5189 0 9100 6681

    71 Mr. Atinan Tumsatan Optimization Eng. BKK 1872 4981 0 9100 66842EN1110 72 Ms. Thitinun Limpaphinun .. Optimization Eng. BKK 2448 4983 0 9100 6691

    73Mr. Supakorn Chumnongrark Optimization Eng. BKK

    0437 4985 0 9100 6682

    74Ms. Sutthida Dullaya - anukit .. Optimization Eng. BKK

    2244 4984 0 9100 6685

    75Mr. Phairoj Thamrongthanyawong Optimization Eng. BKK

    4005 5196 0 6502 0053

    76Mr. Boonyarith Saovapakiran Optimization Eng. BKK

    4006 5027 0 6502 0052

    77 VacantOptimization Eng. BKK

    78Vacant Optimization Eng. BKK

    79 VacantOptimization Eng. BKK

    80 VacantOptimization Eng. BKK

    81 VacantOptimization Eng. BKK

    82Mr. Pongpunt Thanddokmai Drive Test Technician 2235 5178 0 9100 6686

    83Mr. Somyos Tharalerd Drive Test Technician 2388 5178 0 9100 6688

    84Mr. Prasit Jeayang Drive Test Technician 2445 5177 0 9100 6689

    85Mr. Nikhom Lertwilai Drive Test Technician 2490 5177 0 9100 6690

    86Mr. Laurent Hemonet Optimization Mgr Alcatel 3655 5028 0 9100 6694

    87 Mr. Kachaprid Booramyakorn Optimization Eng. Alcatel 2533 5173 0 9100 6692

    88 Mr. Sarasit Wichaikhtkha Optimization Eng. Alcatel 2376 5177 0 9100 6687

    89 Vacant Optimization Eng. Alcatel

    90 Vacant Optimization Eng. Alcatel

    91 Vacant Optimization Eng. Alcatel

    92 Ms. Linda Renou Optimization Mgr Motorola - 5064 0 9100 6696

    93 Mr. Wasan Taweesin Optimization Eng. Motorola 0715 4982 0 9100 6683

    94 Mr. Sant iphap Utta Optimization Eng. Motorola 3483 5021 0 9100 66932EN1110 95 Ms. Suratsawadee Kongsettakhonchai .. Optimization Eng. Motorola 3737 5186 0 9100 6695

    96 Vacant Optimization Eng. Motorola

    97 Vacant Optimization Eng. Motorola

    98 Mr. Renaud Lelong BSS Eng. 3658 5144 0 9100 6555

    99 Mr. Kittisak Kiatmonkong BSS Eng. 3972 5156 0 6502 0051

    100 Vacant BSS Eng.

    Ext.Orange

    MobileID No.No.

    Name In English Name in ThaiPosition

    Access Eng

    &

    Performance

    Access Eng

    &

    Performance

    Access Eng&

    Performance

    Div/Dept

    Optimization: Organization

    Al t l KPI N t k St ti ti

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    INDICATORS OBJECTIVE FATand Phase 2

    RXQUAL90

    % of call

    samples below or

    equal to RXQUAL

    CSSR >=98

    %

    TCH Blocking

    Rate

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    Service Area

    % of Samples above

    or equal to

    threshold ("Valid

    Measurement Sample

    Percentage")

    Minimum Radio

    Coverage Field

    Strength Acceptance

    Threshold on Street

    Level

    Dense Urban98

    % -75

    dBm

    Urban96

    % -82

    dBm

    Suburban93

    % -87

    dBm

    Rural93

    % -97

    dBm

    Highways 93% - 87 dBm

    Alcatel KPIs : Drivetest Statistics

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    Optimization : Workflow

    Check Data

    Alerts Trouble Ticket (TT)

    Weekly Dashboard

    BGW Lists

    CAT Status

    Daily Dashboard

    Worst Cell Lists

    Prioritization List

    Check Frequency

    Check Neighbors

    Check Parameters

    Neighbors Analysis

    The following are activities of one Radio Network

    Optimization Engineer (RNOE) managing the areas

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    Optimization : Workflow Neighbors for new sites

    Traffic Study Analysis

    Antenna Optimization

    Drive Test Analysis &

    Problem Log (Potatoes)

    Drive Test Reports

    CAT Drive Tests

    CAT Reports

    A/Abis Trace Analysis

    Customer Complaints

    Meeting

    Special Studies and

    Requests

    Documentation

    The following activities are not weekly activities

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    Optimization : Process Optimization Tasks

    Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massiveparameter change

    Neighbor addition/deletion

    Correction Tasks

    Cell-by-cell parameter change/Massiveparameter change

    Neighbor addition/deletion

    Spectrum Management Tasks

    Frequency change request

    Retune request

    The following are processes based on Remedy

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    Optimization : Tools RNO : Radio Network

    Optimization tool

    (A956)

    Drive Test Tools TEMS

    GREYSON

    ACTIX (post process

    tool)

    MapInfo

    Lunpini

    Nbclient

    The following are some tools used by an Optimizer

    OMC-R : Operationand MaintenanceCenter-Radio

    NPA : NetworkPerformance Analyzer(A985)

    INMS

    ASSET

    Net Monitor

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    Report Links G:\Working Document\Net Ops\Network

    Performance\@_THAI\BGW_&_Top20

    G:\Working Document\Net Ops\Network

    Performance\@_THAI\Weekly_Dashboard

    G:\Working Document\Net Ops\Network

    Performance\@_THAI\Daily_Dashboard_&_Alerts