optimizaciÓn de un agente inoculador para la reducciÓn de la demanda quÍmica de oxigeno en la...

8/16/2019 OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN AGENTE INOCULADOR PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA QUÍMICA DE OXIGENO EN LA FO…

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RESIDENCIA PROFESIONAL

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE CD. VALLES

OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN AGENTE INOCULADOR PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LADEMANDA QUÍMICA DE OXIGENO EN LA FOSA ANAEROBIA DE TRATAMIENTO

DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN EL INGENIO PLAN DE AYALA S. A. DE C. V.

INGENIERÍA EN INDUSTRIAS ALIMENTARIAS

MEDINA MEDINA FERNANDO 1169005

ASESOR INTERNO ASESOR EXTERNO

C. D!. "#!$% E&!'()% *#&$ P+,

B'-#$#. F'/%&'# N2%, C!),

CD. VALLES S.L.P3 NOVIEMBRE 4015

Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Valles TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO


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0


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AGRADECIMIENTO

Priero !uiero dar gracias a Dios" #or estar conigo en cada #aso !ue

do$" a$ud%ndoe a antener is o&'eti(os" )ortaleciendo e iluinando iente" $ #or *a&er #uesto en el tra$ecto recorrido a!uellas #ersonas !ue*an sido i esla&ón $ co#a+,a durante todo transcurso de i carrera-

A is asesores de .esidencia Pro)esional el C. Dr. Jorge Enrique WongPaz $ el Biólogo.Fidencio N!ez Cruz" #or la orientación $ a#o$o &rindo#ara la reali/ación de este tra&a'o" #or su aistad" conse'os" $ ense+an/as!ue e #eritieron retroalientar is conociientos-

A is "adre#0

Con un testionio de eterno agradeciiento #or el a#o$o oral !ue desdesie#re e &rindaron $ con el cual *e logrado terinar i carrera#ro)esional" !ue es #ara , la e'or de las *erencias- 1uienes sinescatiar es)uer/o alguno sacri2caron gran #arte de su (ida #araeducare-

3 a todas a!uellas #ersonas !ue co#artenconigo este triun)o-

Gracias4

DEDICATORIAS

A Dio#0

1


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Por todo lo !ue *e logrado ser" te dedico este tra&a'o" t5 !ue est%s#resente en cual!uier lugar" oento" circunstancia $ ade%s e *asdado la )uer/a #ara no des)allecer en el intento $ su#erar todas lasad(ersidades !ue se #resentaran-

A i #adre0

$regorio %edina &ern'ndez

1uien la ilusión de su (ida *a sido (ere con(ertido en un *o&re de#ro(ec*o" 'a%s encontrar6 la )ora de agradecer el cari+o" co#rensión$ a#o$o &rindado en los oentos &uenos $ alos de i (ida" *ago estetriun)o co#artido" sólo es#erando !ue co#rendas !ue is ideales $es)uer/os son ins#irados en ti-

A i adre0

%ar(a $uadalu"e %edina Ru)io

Con todo i aor $ agradeciiento !uiero dedicar este logro a i adre !uedesde el cielo ser% i %ngel" lu/ $ otor re7e'ando el aor %s grande" ade%sde ser a!uel i#ulso !ue e lle(o $ a$udo a reali/ar este sue+o" siendo ella lains#iración #ara en)rentar los nue(os retos" coo *o&re $ #ro)esionista-

Atte-0

8u *i'o0 9ernando Medina Medina

PRÓLOGO

E !%%&7% P!#8%7# /% R%'/%&'+ P!#%'#&+ 7'7)+/# “Optimización de un

agente inoculador para la reducción de la Demanda Química de Oxigeno en la o!a

anaero"ia del tratamiento de agua! re!iduale! en el Ingenio #lan de A$ala S%A% de

&%'%:3 &+% #& % #;


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#&7+>'&+&7% !%%&7% %& +$)+ !%'/)+% $%&%!+/+ %& % !#%# /% '&$%&'#3

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%7#!% '&/)7!'+% % +/+ =%, > !'$)!## 8 #& >+8#! #&7+&'+.

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#;# +2%!#.

ÍNDICE

AGRADECIMIENTO........................................................................................................'


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DEDICATORIAS.............................................................................................................''

PRÓLOGO.....................................................................................................................'''

INTRODUCCIÓN...........................................................................................................1

1. "USTIFICACIÓN........................................................................................................4

4. OB"ETIVOS...............................................................................................................

4.1 OB"ETIVO GENERAL.........................................................................................

4.4 OB"ETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS................................................................................

. INFORMACIÓN DEL REA Y LUGAR EN QUE SE DESARROLLÓ ELPROYECTO...................................................................................................................

.1 MISIÓN.................................................................................................................5

.4 VISIÓN.................................................................................................................5

. POLÍTICA DE CALIDAD E INOCUIDAD..............................................................5

. UBICACIÓN SATELITAL DE LA EMPRESA........................................................5

........................................................................................................................................5

.5 LOGO DE LA EMPRESA.....................................................................................6

....................................................................................................................................6

.6 ORGANIGRAMA..................................................................................................6

. PROBLEMAS A RESOLVER3 PRIORIZNDOLOS...................................................

5. PROCEDIMIENTO Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS ACTIVIDADES REALIZADAS.........H

6. RESULTADOS3 PLANOS3 GRFICAS3 PROTOTIPOS3 MAQUETAS3

PROGRAMAS3 ENTRE OTROS..................................................................................1

. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES..........................................................40

.1 CONCLUSIONES...............................................................................................40

.4 RECOMENDACIONES......................................................................................40


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H. COMPETENCIAS DESARROLLADAS YO APLICADAS.......................................44

B';'#$!++...................................................................................................................4

10. GLOSARIO............................................................................................................4

11. ANEXOS.................................................................................................................45

ANEXO 1. CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADES OFICIAL.......................................45

ANEXO 4. DIAGRAMA DE FLU"O..........................................................................46

ANEXO . FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO.....................................................................49

.1 INTRODUCCIÓN AL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL........................................................49

.4 EL AGUA................................................................................................................0. TECNOLOGÍA CONVENCIONALES.....................................................................1

.. TRATAMIENTOS PARA LA ELIMINACIÓN DE MATERIA EN SUSPENSIÓN.....4

..1 DESBASTE.....................................................................................................

..4 SEDIMENTACIÓN...........................................................................................

.. FILTRACIÓN...................................................................................................5

.. FLOTACIÓN....................................................................................................6

..5 COAGULACIÓNJFLOCULACIÓN...................................................................H

.5 TRATAMIENTOS PARA LA ELIMINACIÓN DE MATERIA DISUELTA...............0

.5.1 PRECIPITACIÓN.............................................................................................0

.5.4 PROCESOS ELECTROQUÍMICOS................................................................1

.5. INTERCAMBIO IÓNICO..................................................................................4

.5. ADSORCIÓN...................................................................................................

.5.5 DESINFECCIÓN.............................................................................................5

.6 TRATAMIENTOS BIOLÓGICOS........................................................................

5


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.6.1 PROCESOS BIOLÓGICOS AEROBIOS.........................................................H

.6.1.1 FANGOS ACTIVADOSK PROCESO BSICO..........................................9

.6.1.4 FANGOS ACTIVADOSK MODIFICACIONES DEL PROCESO BSICO..50

.6.1. PROCESOS AEROBIOS CON BIOMASA SOPORTADA........................51

.6.4 PROCESOS BIOLÓGICOS ANAEROBIOS...................................................5

.6.4.1 CONDICIONES DE OPERACIÓN............................................................56

.6.4.4 REACTORES UTILIZADOS.....................................................................56

.6. PROCESOS BIOLÓGICOS DE ELIMINACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES...............60

.6..1 TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO DE COMPUESTOS CON NITRÓGENO. .60.6.. ELIMINACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DEL FÓSFORO...........................................6

. TECNOLOGÍAS EMERGENTES...........................................................................6

..1 OXIDACIÓN....................................................................................................6

..1.1 OXIDACIÓN QUÍMICA.............................................................................6

..4 PROCESOS AVANZADOS DE OXIDACIÓN AOP.......................................66

.. MEMBRANAS.................................................................................................6H

...1 TIPOS DE MEMBRANAS.........................................................................6H

. H ESTADO ACTUAL DEL SECTOR.........................................................................1

ÍNDICE DE ILUSTRACIONES

Ilustración 1. Vista aérea del IPA.........................................................................................5Ilustración 2. Ingenio Plan de Ayala S.A. de C.V...................................................................5

Ilustración 3. Logo del Ingenio Plan de Ayala S.A. de C.V....................................................6

Ilustración 4. rganigra!a de la"oratorio de #$"rica..........................................................6

Ilustración 5. Proceso de #angos acti%ados........................................................................4&

Ilustración 6. Proceso "iológico de contacto'esta"ili(ación...............................................51

Ilustración ). *iagra!a de o+eración t,+ico de un -ltro +ercolador..................................52

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Ilustración . /s0ue!a de la ruta de degradación anaero"ia............................................55

Ilustración &. eactor anaero"io de contacto....................................................................5)

Ilustración 1. eactor AS.............................................................................................5&

Ilustración 11. rans#or!aciones de los co!+uestos con itrógeno.................................61

Ilustración 12. Proceso "iológico de nitri-cación'desnitri-cación......................................62

Ilustración 13. Canal de o7idación.....................................................................................62

Ilustración 14. Proceso "iológico arden+8o !odi-cado...................................................63

TABLAS

a"la 1. 9étodos de eli!inación de co!+uestos org$nicos en aguas residuales..............31

a"la 2. Poder coagulante relati%o de distintos reacti%os..................................................3&

a"la 3. Caracter,sticas de algunos reacti%os coagulantes................................................3&

a"la 4. Par$!etros de o+eración t,+icos en +rocesos de #angos acti%ados......................51

a"la 5. Condiciones y li!itaciones de los +rocesos de o7idación directa.........................66

a"la 6. Caracter,sticas de los +rocesos de se+aración con !e!"ranas..........................6


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INTRODUCCIÓN

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%='7+! +&'#&% /% + /%%&/%&'+ $);%!&+>%&7+%.


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1. JUSTIFICACIÓN

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;+% ='7+ % >#&'7#!%# 8 +&'' /% %7% 7!+7+>'%&7# ;'#-$'#.


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2. OBJETIVOS

2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL

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I&$%&'# P+& /% A8++ S. A. /% C. V.

2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS

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/% +$)+ !%'/)+% ')+/+ #& !#/)7# D'>'&)'! # #7# /% %&%!$+ %>%+/+ +!+ + #'$%&+'-& /% +$)+.


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3. INFORMACIÓN DEL ÁREA Y LUGAR EN QUE SEDESARROLLÓ EL PROYECTO

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3.1 MISIÓN

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3.2 VISIÓN

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3.3 POLÍTICA DE CALIDAD E INOCUIDAD

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3.( LOGO DE LA EMPRESA

3.) ORGANIGRAMA

I)7!+'-& . L#$# /% I&$%&'# P+& /% A8++ S.A. /% C.V.

GERENTE GENERAL

SRIA. GERENTE COORDINADOR DE CALIDAD

SUPTTE. GRAL. DE FBRICASUPTTE. GRAL. DE CAMPO CONTRALO

"EFE DE RELACIONESINDUSTRIALES

"EFE DE LAB. QUÍMICO DEFBRICA

I)7!+'-& . O!$+&'$!+>+ /% +;#!+7#!'# /% ;!'+.


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'. PROBLEMAS A RESOLVER

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(. PROCEDIMIENTO Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LASACTIVIDADES REALI*ADAS

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(.2. ESTANDARI*ACIÓN Y OPTIMI*ACIÓN DE LA CANTIDAD YLAPSOS DE DOSIFICACIÓN DE LAS BACTERIAS EN LA LAGUNADE ESTABILI*ACIÓN

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(.3. DISMINUCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA QUÍMICA DE O+ÍGENO EN LALAGUNA DE ESTABILI*ACIÓN.

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(.'. DISMINUCIÓN DE LOS COSTOS DE ENERGÍA EMPLEADA PARALA O+IGENACIÓN Y BOMBEO DE AGUA.

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). RESULTADOS, PLANOS, GRÁFICAS, PROTOTIPOS,MAQUETAS, PROGRAMAS, ENTRE OTROS

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-.2 RECOMENDACIONES

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0. BIBLIOGRAFÍA

A&/!%#,,'3 R.3 C+!'#3 V.3 I&#+ 3 A.3 M+!!#7+ 3 R. 1999. #roce!o! A/anzado! deOxidación para puriiccacion del agua %

C)%!3 E. 199. Diu!ión0 Si!tema! de luido! !o"re tran!erencia de ma!aS%$)&/+ %/.. C+>;!'/$%.

#'$@?3 ". 19H4. ,ecani!mo!1 taria! $ !electi/idade! de oxidacione! decompue!to! org2nico! iniciado por la ozonización del agua1 en el 3,anual de

Tecnología de Ozono $ Aplicacione!3 V#. I. C'%&'+ P);'+ .

@%>'3 M.3 T+&$)83 G.3 L%%!3 ".JP.3 V+%&7'& 3 G.3 L+'()%3 F. 4005.Electrocuagulación para tratamiento! en aceite! en !u!pención% #roce!o!

!eguro! $ proteccion al medio am"iente% I&=%7'$+'-&3 E+2+.

N#8#+3 A. 1994. Trataiento anaero"io de agua! re!iduale!0 una experiencia deadaptación de tecnología en ,exíco% En memoria de la! conerencia! !o"re0

Tratamiento de agua! re!iduale! en America 4atina% I&=%7'$+'-&3 C')/+/U&'=%!'7+!'+3 B'#7%#$'+ 3 M?'# D.F.

P%7!#='3 M.3 G#&,%,3 S. 400. Anal$!i! and remo/al o emerging contaminant!

in% T!%&/ A&+. C@%>.

P#!7%!3 M. 1999. ,icroiltration1 5and"oo6 o indu!trial ,em"rane Tec7nolog$1 ,%&%N#8% P);'+7'#&.

R+>+#3 R. 199. Tratamiento de Agua! Re!iduale!% R%=%!7?.


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R+>!%, Q)'!-3 F. 4005. Tratamiento de De!inección del Agua #ota"le%C+&+%/)+.

R'$#+3 M. 19H9. Tratamiento de agua! indu!triale!% M+!#>;#.

S%%%3 R. 1996. Anaero"ic 8iotec7nolog$ or Indu!trial 9a!te:ater!% A!@+%P!%.

1. GLOSARIO

Ag$ 45%$6 S#& + +$)+ !%'/)+% '& 7!+7+>'%&7#.

Ag$ 5!%$# % 75"4"6 L+ !%)7+&7% /% + !#/)'-& /% )& ;'%& #

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+ !'>%!+ %& %%7)+!%3 /+/# ()% + !%%&'+ /% +!7)+ %& )%&'-& )%%

%! '&/%%+;% %& >)@# #7!# !#%# /% 7!+7+>'%&7#.

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41/81

3.'.1 DESBASTE

E )&+ #%!+'-& %& + ()% % 7!+7+ /% %'>'&+! -'/# /% >+8#! 7+>+2# ()%

% ()% @+;'7)+>%&7% 7'%&%& + +!7)+ ()% +!!+7!+& + +$)+. E #;'&+!# 8 %='7+! ()% /+2%& %()'# #7%!'#!% /% !%7# /% 7!+7+>'%&7#. S)%%%! )& 7!+7+>'%&7# !%='# + )+()'%! #7!#.

E %()'# ()% % )%% )7'',+! #& !%%7'+ /% 6 # > >>3 /')%7+ +!+%+>%&7% 8

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!>+>%&7% /% #!>+ >%&'+.

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%7% +!>%7!# '&)8% %& + %'+'+ /% + %+!+'-&3 '%&/# % !'&'+

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3.'.3 FILTRACIÓN

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43/81

+7)!+ =+!'+;%3 /')%7+ %& /'7'&7+ ++ /% /'7'&7# 7+>+2# /% +!7)+3 '%&/# +

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%& % 7!+7+>'%&7# /% +$)+ #7+;%3 + #># %& % 7!+7+>'%&7# /% +$)+ +!+

!%)7'',+'-&3 +!+ %'>'&+! + >+7%!'+ %& )%&'-& ()% % @+ %'>'&+/# %&

+&7%!'#!% #%!+'#&% %/'>%&7+'-&.

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)7'',+/#3 '%&/# @+;'7)+ % )# /% T'%!!+ /% D'+7#>%+. T+>;'?& % @+;'7)+3 %!#

>%)@+ >+&%!+ /% +''+! # '7%>+ /% '7!+'-&K P#! $!+=%/+/ # +

!%'-&3 %&7+ # !'/+3 /% 7#!7+ # %& !#)&/'/+/.

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7!+=? /% '7!# #! '>% $!+=%/+/. D%&7!# /% %7% 7'#3 #/%># @+;+! /% /#

#!>+ /% #%!+!3 ()% %=+ + 7%&%! )&+ '7!+'-& %&7+3 +%&+ )7'',+/#

+7)+>%&7%3 # )&+ '7!+'-& !'/+. E >%+&'># /% + %+!+'-& /% -'/# %

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/%+!!#+ )&+ 7#!7+ '7!+&7% /#&/% + '7!+'-&3 + 7!+=? /% %+ )%!''%3 % #!

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E& + +7)+'/+/ 8 %& +$)&+ /% ) +'+'#&%3 %7# >?7#/# %7&

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3.'.' FLOTACIÓN

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%& % +# /% +%'7% 8 $!++. E& %7% +# + ;)!;)%&7% %7+ $#7+3 /+/# ()% $%&%!+>%&7% + /%&'/+/ /% %7# ()'/#

% >%! ()% + /% +$)+.

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#&%&7!+'-& /% -'/# %& )%&'-& #&7%&'/# %& % +$)+ + 7!+7+!. E )& /+7# +

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0.005 8 0.06.

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+$)+ !%'/)+ ;+-%!+. L# %%>%&7# !'&'+% /%

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#!>+&/# >)7'7)/ /% >'!#;)!;)


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>%'&)8%& + 7%&'-& )%!''+

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7!+7+ /% %%+!: # #&%&7!+! # +&$# #;7%&'/# %& #%!+'#&% #># +

%/'>%&7+'-&.

3.'.( COAGULACIÓNFLOCULACIÓN

C#># 8+ % @+ >%&'#&+/# %& =+!'+ #+'#&%3 %& >)@# +# +!7% /% +

>+7%!'+ %& )%&'-& )%/% %7+! #!>+/+ #! +!7)+ /% >)8 %()%2# 7+>+2#

10J6 10J9 >3 # ()% #&#!>+ )&+ )%&'-& ##'/+. E7+ )%&'#&%

##'/+% )%%& %! >)8 %7+;%3 %& >)@+ #+'#&% /%;'/# + '&7%!+'#&%

%?7!'+ %&7!% + +!7)+.

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()% @+!+ '&='+;% )& 7!+7+>'%&7# >%&'# '#. U&+ #!>+ /% >%'&+'-& /% >+7%!'+ %& )%&'-& % + +/''-& /%

'%!7# !%+7'=# ()>'# ()%3 %& !'>%! )$+!3 /%%7+;''%& + )%&'-& ##'/+

#+$)+'-& 8 + #&7'&)+'-& +=#!%,+& + #)+'-& /% + >'>+ +!+ #;7%&%!

+!7)+ '>%&7% %/'>%&7+;%. E )&+ #%!+'-& ()% % )7'',+ + >%&)/#3 7+&7#


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%& % 7!+7+>'%&7# /% +$)+ !%'/)+% )!;+&+ 8 #7+;% #># %& '&/)7!'+%

'&/)7!'+ /% + +'>%&7+'-&3 +7+ /% +%3 7%7'%3 %7.

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%?7!'+ #&7!+!'+ + + /% ##'/%. +;'7)+>%&7% % )7'',+& +% #& +7'#&% /%+7+ !%+'-& +!$+>++ F%W3 AW ;'?& /%;% %! +=#!%%! + #)+'-&K

S$# % F3H6 P)%/%& %! CF% # F%4 SO3 #& %'+'+ %>%%! +#% > >+&%'%&7!+ ()% %& % %$)&/# !%%&7+ + =%&7++8#! #!%&7+'&'# #! $ /#''+/#.

P"#!#485"#!8"6 P)%/%& %! #>%!# &+7)!+% # '&7?7'#3 '-&'#

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#># % #7% % >)@# >+8#!.

Ta"la


47/81

F%4SO

P#! #7!# +/#3 + %%7!##+$)+'-& % #7!+ #!>+ /% %=+! + +;# % !#%#3

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#!>+'-& /% # !%+7'=# '& '7) >%/'+&7% + )7'',+'-& /% )&+ ?)+ %%7!#7'+. E/# )%% %! /% +)>'&'#3 #!>&/#% +7'#&% /% AW3 >'%&7!+ %& % 7#/# %

$%&%!+ 43 '%&/# 7' ' + %+!+'-& #7%!'#! /% + >+7%!'+ % #! #7+'-&.

@%>'3 T+&$)83 L%%!3 V+%&7'& 3 L+'()%3 4005

N#!>+>%&7%3 +!+ )& +$)+ !%'/)+ #&!%7+3 % @+% )& /%>'&+/#

%&+8# /% # + #># % 8 /#''+'-& -7'>+.

Ta"la =% &aracterí!tica! de alguno! reacti/o! coagulante!%

CoagulanteDosis (mg/l !" #!timo A!licaciones

C+ 150J500 9J11 E'>'&+'-& /% ##'/% 1

A4SO 5J450 .5J E'>'&+'-& /% ##'/% 1

F%CF%C4

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P#>%!# +&'-&'# 8 '-&'# 0.45J1.0 A8)/+&7% /% #)+'-& 8 %/'>%&7+'-&

1 E'>'&+'-& /% ##'/% 8 /% ##!#. A$)+ #& ;+'&+'-& /% ##'/% 8 /% ##!#. A$)+ #& +7+ ++'&'/+/ 8 ;+'&+'-& /% ##'/%. A8)/+&7% #& #+$)+&7% >%7+'#.

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+!7% ;'%& /'%!%&'+/+K U&+ !'>%!+ /#&/% % +/''#&+& # !%+7'=#3 8 % #>%7%

% +$)+ + )&+ )%!7% +$'7+'-& 8 /)!+&7% )& #!7# %!'#/# /% 7'%>#3 #& % #;)@# >%


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3.(.1 PRECIPITACIÓN

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3.(.2 PROCESOS ELECTROQUÍMICOS

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#># %& % +# /% + %%7!##+$)+'-&3 %%7!##7+'-& # %%7!##)+'-&3 /#&/%

# !#/)7# #!>+/# #! %%7!#'' )7'7)8%& + # !%+7'=# ()>'#3 8 )#&%

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optimizaciÓn de un agente inoculador para la reducciÓn de la demanda quÍmica de oxigeno en la...

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