optimisation of pv installations for partial shadowing
DESCRIPTION
Optimisation of PV installations for partial shadowing. Micro-inverters and decentralised DC-DC optimisation boxes. Guy Kasier E&D Systems January 2011. Leonardo ENERGY. www.leonardo-energy.org. Problems with a conventional configuration. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Optimisation of PV installations for partial shadowing
Micro-inverters and decentralised DC-DC optimisation boxes
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
Guy KasierE&D SystemsJanuary 2011
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Problems with a conventional configuration
• PV panels are connected in a string to a central inverter
• When there is shadowing on one panel (e.g. from a chimney or tree) the production of the entire string falls
• The generating capacity is not fully utilised
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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Partial shadowing of panel 4 causes a production loss in all panels of the string
Problems with a conventional configuration
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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Two possible solutions
Decentralised micro-inverters or
Decentralised DC-DC optimisation boxes
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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1. Micro-inverters (1)
• No central inverter, but a micro-inverter for each PV panel
• Micro-inverters convert the DC from a PV panel into 230 VAC
• The outputs are connected together in parallel and fed to the distribution board via a cable
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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1. Micro-inverters (2)
Each PV panel has its own inverter (fitted at the back of the panels)
The output of each PV panel can be monitored via a website
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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2. DC-DC optimisation boxes
• Each PV panel has its own optimisation box• The boxes maximise the energy output for each PV panel
and ensure a fixed DC string voltage• The boxes are connected together in series, and to a
central inverter• The output of each PV panel can be monitored via a web
page or smartphoneLeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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Benefits of the two systems
• The output of each panel is optimised individually• Shadowing on one or more panels has no effect
on the generation of the other panels• Total generation can thus rise by 5% to 25%• Generation can be monitored from a web page. A
poorly operating panel, inverter or optimisation box can thus be detected quickly
• Inverters and optimisation boxes can be replaced individually in the event of any faults.
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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Disadvantages of the two systems
• The cost is higher than in a conventional system with one central inverter
• The total installation time is somewhat longer• In the event of a fault in a micro-inverter or
DC-DC optimisation box, the roof has to be accessed for maintenance
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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Micro-inverters versus DC-DC optimisation boxes
Micro-inverters• Output 230 VAC• No central inverter required• Parallel connection• Monitoring via web page
DC-DC optimisation boxes• Output DC voltage• Central inverter required• Serial connection• Monitoring via web page
and smartphone
Both systems ensure a higher output in the event of partial shadowing of the PV panels.
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org
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A few links
• Enphase website: www.enphaseenergy.com
• Enphase training video: video
• Solaredge website: www.solaredge.com
• Solaredge training video: video page
• Pros and cons of solar panel micro-inverters: video
LeonardoENERGY www.leonardo-energy.org