optics observations
DESCRIPTION
Optics Observations. Pinholes, apertures and diffraction Lenses, lensmaker and depth of focus Two-dimensions and asymmetries Chromatic aberration of the human eye Adaptive optics, H-S Encoding. Pinhole optics. Lens Design: Snell’s Law. Lensmaker’s Equation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Optics Observations
• Pinholes, apertures and diffraction
• Lenses, lensmaker and depth of focus
• Two-dimensions and asymmetries
• Chromatic aberration of the human eye
• Adaptive optics, H-S
• Encoding
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Pinhole optics
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Lens Design: Snell’s
Lawsin( ) 'sin( ')
nn
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Lensmaker’s Equation
fdd is
111
lengthfocalfdistimageddistsourced
i
s
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Optical power and object distance
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Diffraction Limits The Sharpness Of Image With A Small Pinhole
Aperture
(From Jenkins and White, I think)
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The Diffraction Pattern Of A Disk Has A Formula Based on Bessel
Functions That Can Be Calculated From First Principles
Airy
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Some Animals Have Non-Circular Pupils: Cat Eye
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Pupil Size Changes With Mean Luminance, Influencing Acuity
Pupi
l dia
met
er (m
m)
(From Wyszecki and Stiles, 1982)
Log luminance (Trolands)
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The Pointspread Function Is The Generalization of the Linespread
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Astigmatism Measures The Orientation of the Pointspread
Function
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Chromatic aberration is
a differences in optical focus that varies with wavelength
(A)
(B)
-0.3 0.3Position
Stimulus
Stimulus
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Chromatic Aberration
Can Be Summarized
By The Optical
Power At Various
Wavelengths; Very
Constant Across People
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Short wavelength linespread functions are much broader than middle
wavelength
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 10
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Position (deg)
Rel
ativ
e in
tens
ity
430nm
580nm
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Chromatic aberration also can be summarized in terms of the MTF at
each wavelength
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Chromatic and spherical aberration: MTF
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Chromatic aberration can also be summarized by its effect on the
linespread Function
Wavelength (n
m)
Spatial position (deg)
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Recent Advances In Adaptive OpticsGetting to the Diffraction Limit
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Hartmann-Shack
Wavefront Sensor Senses
The Local Planarity Of The Image Wavefront
Using a Lenslet Array
Retina
Wavefront
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Example H-S displacement images at the CCD sensor
Artal, Guirao, Berrio & WilliamsJournal of Vision
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Adaptive optics corrects for the optical distortions using deformable
mirror devices
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Wavefront phase
corrector priniciple
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Deformable mirror arrays Compensate For the Measured
Aberrations
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Deform the mirror to compensate for the wavefront curvature
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Real deformable mirror arrays
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Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensors
Point source
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Adaptive Optics
compensate for
aberrations in the optical
path, the MTF approaches
the diffraction limit
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The MTF approaches the diffraction limit
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Adaptive optics should permit visualization of the retina at high
spatial resolution – Not Yet Routine
(Liang and Williams)
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End
Reading for next Tuesday
Liang and Williams paperRoorda and Williams paper
Who wants to lead the discussion?Anyone have other papers to discuss?
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Application: Seeing The Arrangement of Cone Classes in the
Human Eye( Roorda and Williams)
mm
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Zernicke Polynomials (Not Harmonics) Are Used To Model Transmission Through The Lens
The Zernike polynomials are a set of functions that are orthogonal over the unit circle. They are useful for describing the shape of an aberrated wavefront in the pupil of an optical system.Project idea: Implement a set of Matlab functions for these
polynomials. Explain their use in optics characterization. Review the human literature pertaining to measurements of wavefront aberrations in the human eye.