OPTICS2017

Towardsmorebusinessfriendlystandardisationandcertification

PascalMedalChiefEngineerEASA

TE.GEN.00409-001

EASAScopeofcompetences

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ATM/ANSAerodromes3rdCountryOperationsOperations

&FCLAirworthiness

EASASafetyRegulator

Safetysignificantlyaffectsallaviationdomains:

TotalSystemApproach

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EU Regulatory structure

Basic Regulation

Implementing Rules

Soft Law

3

• Acceptable Means of Compliance• Guidance Material• Certification Specifications

Agency Opinion

Commission proposal

EU Council & Parliament

Agency Opinion

Commission proposal

Agency Decision

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Current Regulations

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Certification Specifications (CS) and Industry StandardsThe CS are developed in order to facilitate compliance with implementing rules (e.g. CS-25 is used to provide the certification basis for a large aeroplane certificated in accordance with Part 21)

Certification Specifications are developed by EASA in consultation with interested parties

Industry Standards can be and are used to form the basis for demonstrating compliance with the CS or Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)

Industry Standards have always played an important role in EASA’s implementation of regulations

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Use of Industry Standards

EASA has widely used Industry standards for the following reasons:Provide direct means of compliance to CS

Consistent quality and performance

Internationally recognised

Can be developed quicker than regulations &Revision cycle quicker

Industry Standards are widely used for (E)TSO13/6/2017 OPTICS 2017 6

Amount of Industry Standards Referenced in EASA CS, AMCs, and ETSOs2016 Total: 412 2015 Total: 239

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Activities where Industry standards support the EASA “regulations”

Aircraft Certification (the bulk of activities)

ATM:Airborne and ground

European Atm Standards Coordination Group (EUROCAE, EASA, EC, SJU, Eurocontrol & SDM as observer)

UAS: Development of standards for EASA regulations and Uspace

European Uas Standard Coordination Group:

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Industry standards used as acceptable Means Of Compliance for aircraft

certification

Most popular ones (Very often combined EUROCAE(ED)/RTCA (DO):ED 12 (DO 178) Software considerations in Airborne systems and Installations, referred to in (AMC to) CS 25.1309 Equipment, systems and Installations,ED 14 (DO 160) Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment,

And with SAE (ARP)SAE ARP 4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and EquipmentSAE ARP 4754 (ED 79) Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems has became a must in aircraft development

Recognised by EASA & FAA but also by TCCA, ANAC, therefore ensuring a fair level of harmonisation

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Examples of Industry Standards used in ATM

Active participation in: MASPS: RNP for Area Navigation ED-75D / DO-236 MASP for Enhanced Vision Systems (ED 179/DO 315) largely used for EVS/SVS/CVS certificationsED 129 specs for extended squitter,ED 92 MOPS for VDL M 2ED-159/DO-312 Safety, Performance and Interoperability Requirements for the In-Trail Procedure in Oceanic Airspace (ATSA-ITP)Etc…Support review of other ED related to ground based systems, e.g. AD 153 for software aspects (ground)

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Trends

EASA is moving towards an increasinglyperformance based regulatory approach, utilisingIndustry Standards as MoC

2 examples are further detailed below

CS 23 Amendment 5: reorganisation of General Aviation CS

UAS

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EASA PBR

Key elements of EASA present guidelines:Combination of prescriptive and performance based decided at the outsetGradual, in line with implementation of SMObjective based :medium or low safety criticalityEach IR: objective clearly spelled outPublish rule and AMC/CSIntroduction of process based rules; supported by agreed oversight methodologiesWhere feasible performance standard complement but not replace other type of rules or requirementsInternational harmonisation and mutual recognition are importantSafety criticality of existing IR to be monitored

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Example of Certification Specification (CS-23) revision

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CS-23 Amendment 5 published 30.03.2017

Defines objectives that provide direction for new developments and foster innovation:

67 NEW Objective requirements replacing 377 detailed design specific requirementsDesign details in Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) adopted after short rulemaking process

ASTM F44 Consensus standards (“New”)

Harmonisation is fundamental, in this case EASA and FAA are aligned

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CS-23 Completing the concept with AMC

ASTM F44 Consensus standards is:Developed in a transparent and open process with 250 committee membersWith EASA focal points in each committee (Structures, Powerplant, Systems, Flight and Systems)

Each proposed standard has been reviewed by EASA and is considered an acceptable AMC

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Example of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)

The EASA approach is operation centric and performance and risk based:

Rule text objective based; details in AMCOpen category: use of the product legislation for classes of UAS:

Only essential design requirements in the ruleConformity attested by CE markingStandards to be adopted by European Standardisation Organisations

Specific category: principle of risk assessment complemented notably by standard scenarios

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Need for standards: key of the performance based approach

It is necessary to establish a list of standards based on the NPA (Annexes) and the U-space blueprint coordinated through EUSCG (European UAS Standards Coordination Group) to avoid duplication of work.Standards needed are not only for equipment but also for training and standard scenarios.Top priorities:

RegistrationE-identificationGeo-fencing

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ICAO

ICAO is also moving in PBR direction, supportingperformance based standards by technicalspecifications (Ind Stds), whilst maintaning severalprescriptive ICAO standards

Initiated the Std Round Table meetings for thispurpose

Participation of major SMOs, SAE, Eurocae, RTCA, Eurocontrol and some AA, e.g. EASA & FAA

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EASA and SMO support to ICAO under SRTM (examples)

The following items have been proposed to ICAO for further PBR standards

Proposal aimed to address data link deficiencies VDLM2

New ELT designs, Runway Overrun Awareness Advisory System,

Time Based Separation

In addition the following SAE G 27 is already working for Li Battery packaging, developing a MOC for ICAO

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Potential difficulties

Duplication of effort between standards bodies and potential for differences (but EASCG & EUSCG)

Sponsoring standards development vs encouraging standards development

Selection of the standards body and assignment of tasking is done on a case by case basis

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EASA involvement in IndustryStandards development

Internal International Standards Committee65 EASA staff participate to 112 Standardisation WG52 EASA staff involved with ICAO panels and WG

EASA is a member of: EUROCAE council, SAE Aerospace Council and ASD-STAN board

Member of ICAO standards round table task force

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Conclusions

Industry Standards are essential to the proper functioning of an international safety driven activity such as aviation

To support performance based rules and risk based safety management, EASA expects increased involvement and co-operation with standards bodies in the future in a coordinated manner

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Thankyouforyourattention!