Optical Fiber CommunicationsTechnology, Systems and Circuits Overview

Lecturer: Ali Fotowat AhmadyFeb 7, 2012

Tabriz University Photonics Conference

04/18/23 1Sharif University of Technology

Agenda

• Why Optical Communications?• Broadband Access Technologies• FTTx PON Technology• GPON: System Overview and Protocol Stack• Optical Transceivers– CMOS Optoelectronic Receiver– CMOS CDR and DEMUX IC

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Traffic Growth and Power Consumption

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Limitations of Electrical LinksMarket Transition from Electrical to Optical

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Progress in Optical Communication Technology (2 of 2)

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Trend of Broadband Access Studies

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Dat

a sp

eed

(bps

)

1G

100M

10M

100G

10G

20052000 2010 2015 2020 Year1995

100BaseT

GbE

10GbE

40/100GbE

B-PON

GE-PON

G-PON

10G-EPONNG-PON1

Next target

STM-PON

IEEE802.3 STD

2009.9

2010.5

ADSL

NG-PON2(WDM TDM Hybrid PON)

P-PP-PP-MPP-MP

FTTH20 mill. users10 mill.

(+ SCM-PON for video distribution)

P-P: Point to PointP-MP: Point to MultipointSCM: Subcarrier ModulationNGA: Next Generation Access

max.

min.

Sharif University of Technology

Access: Fiber To The X (FTTx)

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Service Node

ONU

FTTH

FTTB

FTTC

FTTCab

Optical Fiber

PON SystemxDSL

OLT

ONU NT

NT

FTTC: Fiber To The CurbFTTCab : Fiber To The Cabinet

FTTH : Fiber To The HomeFTTB : Fiber To The Building

Operation System

Internet

Leased Line

VOIP

PSTN

Video

Twisted Pair

ONT

ONT

Passive Optical Splitter

Sharif University of Technology

FTTX PON: The Critical Components

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Optical Optical AmplifierAmplifier

Optical Fiber CableOptical Fiber Cable

ONTONT

WDM WDM CouplerCoupler

1490nm

1310nm

1550nm

Video TXVideo TX

OLTOLT

SplitterSplitter

1490nm1310nm

1550nm

Tx

Rx

Tx

RxRx

Up to 60 km* physical reach(* with G.984.6 Reach Extender)

ONUONU

Access Node

NB

BBCC

E1/DS1

GbE STMn/OCn

(and/or)

Sharif University of Technology

xPON Comparison

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PON Applications

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STM1ONT

STM1ONT

STM1ONT

ATM ONT

10/100BT

Remote DSLAM/DLC

nxT1/E1ONT E1

ONT

1. FTTP

4. DSLAM Aggregation

2. Cellular Backhaul

3. CATV Multiple System Operator

Sharif University of Technology

GPON Equipments

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GPON OLT

GPON ONU

GPON ONU

GPON ONTFiber CableTwisted PairElectrical or Optical

Splitter

FTTC

FTTH

Sharif University of Technology

GPON Equipments

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10GbE

GbE

GPON

PPPoE

Optical Splitter

ODN

Network processingAdvanced traffic management functionalityGPON Framer

Up to

128

OLT

10/100 Base-T

ADSL2+/VDSL2

10/100/1000 Base-T

2×POTS

WiFi

ONU

ONT

Sharif University of Technology

Optical “Food Chain”

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Optical Communication Protocol Stack

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ITU-T Recommendations GPON Protocol Stack and Common Functions

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Protocol stack for the GTCGPON common functions

GPON GTC Frame Format

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GTC Layer Framing for Downstream and Upstream

Downstream GPON Frame Format

Generic Optical Fiber System

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D QFF

÷ N

N

D QFF

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An 8.5-Gb/s Fully Integrated CMOS Optoelectronic Receiver Using Slope-Detection Adaptive Equalizer, JSCC 2010

Differential n-well Photodiode

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Rectangular n-well diodes are covered by light-blocking metals

Photodiode Responsivity Variation

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Doping dependency of the photodiode responsivity at 3-dB frequency (5.9 GHz)

temperature dependency of the photodiode responsivity

Variation of CPD

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Doping dependencies of CPD Temperature dependencies of CPD

Proposed OEIC Receiver

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Proposed Adaptation Circuit

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Proposed Feedback TIA & DC-Balanced Buffer

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Proposed Equalization Filter Cell

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Frequency Response

Simulated frequency response of the proposed equalization filter cell for various capacitor control voltages

LA First Stage Gain Cell

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

LA Second Stage & Replica Bias Circuit

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Temperature Variation

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Simulated bandwidth of the silicon photodiode and the proposed receiver front-end at various temperatures.

LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Chip microphotograph

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Measurement

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Measured Eye-Diagrams

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

Minimal Equalization Optimal Equalization

Measured BER of OEIC Receiver

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LEE et al.: AN 8.5-Gb/s FULLY INTEGRATED CMOS OPTOELECTRONIC RECEIVER USING SLOPE-DETECTION ADAPTIVE EQUALIZER, JSCC 2010

LDD (SB350)

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TIA (SB360)

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PA (SB370)

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TIA/PA (SB380)

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Question and Answer

Thanks for your attention…

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