optical disc to flash drive copier - indian institute of...
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Stand-alone Optical disc to Flash drive copier
Optical Disc to Flash Drive Copier
Dileep Kumar.R S.RamprasathEE10M076 EE10S056
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
14 September,2011
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Overview
Overview
Introduction
Market
Architecture
Optical Disc Drive
Serial ATA and USB
SATA-USB bridge and USB controller
Cost
Variants
Road-map
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Introduction
Introduction
Flash drives are fast replacing Optical Disk drives
Flash offer superior data rates and compact sizes for almost sameprice/MB of data
Rewritability and security of the flash drives have hastened thedecline of Optical discs especially CD and DVD
Compact hand helds and Laptops no longer support/provideOptical Disc drives
Need for DATA migration is to newer technology like flash drivesfrom the older backups on CDs and DVDs is at its peak
Automatic copier from optical discs to flash drives with the rightset of features will be most welcome into the market
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Market
Market
Individuals with large collections of audio/video discs
Shops trying to convert or setup digital stores
Online video services trying to update collection
Enterprises moving towards automated secure and robust backuptechnologies
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Architecture
Architecture
Comprises of USB controller connected to sink port, USB-SATAbridge and Optical Disk Drive
Optical Disk drive considered to provide SATA output
USB-SATA bridge interfaces SATA to USB protocol with acontroller taking care of matching data rates
USB controller with a small kernel with the USB driver loaded totake care of I/O to flash drives
Figure: High level architecture of system
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Optical Disk Drive
Optical Disk Drive
Broadly classified into CD(Compact Discs), DVD(Digital VersatileDisk) and BD(Blueray Discs)
Mostly follow one of the three file-systems(ISO 9660, ISO 13490,Universal Disk Format)
Application at hand requires only Read only disk drives for now
Standards at backend of Optical Disk drive is either Parallel ATAor Serial ATA
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Optical Disk Drive Vendors
Vendors
Available as Single assembled package with SATA connectivityVendors providing Optical Disc Drives
AOpenAsusBenQHPHitachi-LG Electronics Data Storage (HLDS)IomegaMoser BaerPanasonicPioneerPhilips-BenQ Digital Solutions (PBDS)Sony-NEC (Sony NEC Optiarc)Toshiba-Samsung Storage Technology (TSST)
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Optical Disk Drive Data rates for Disk drives
Data rates for Disk drives
Base speed of disksCD 1x ← 1.17Mbit/sDVD 1x ← 10.55Mbit/sBD 1x ← 36Mbit/s
Maximum multiplier for each caseCD 56xDVD 20xBD 12x
Parallel ATA or Serial ATA at the backend of the drives removesthe abstraction away from the filesystems and specifications ofdisk drives
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Serial ATA
Serial ATA
Stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
Used to connect host device to hard disk and optical disk drives
RevisionsRevision 1.0(1.5 Gbit/s)Revision 2.0(3.0 Gbit/s)Revision 3.0(6.0 Gbit/s)
All revisions are both backward and forward compatible
Has almost replaced Parallel ATA because of its inability tohandle higher hard disk transfer rates
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USB Universal Serial Bus
Universal Serial Bus
Stands for Universal Serial Bus
Connector and protocol for communication between host devicesand all Human Interface devices
VersionsUSB 1.0(1.5 Mbit/s (Low-Bandwidth) and 12 Mbit/s(Full-Bandwidth))
USB 1.1
USB 2.0(480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s))USB 3.0(5.0 Gbit/s)
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SATA-USB bridge
SATA-USB bridge
Comprises of Host interface controller, memory, controller anddevice interface controllerHost interface here corresponds to USB portDevice interface corresponds to SATA port connecting to theOptical Disk Drive
Figure: SATA to USB bridgeOptical Disc to Flash drive Copier 14 September,2011 11 / 21
SATA-USB bridge Controller
Controller
Firmware to support different filesystems of opticaldiscs(ISO9660,UDF...)
DMA engine to support different data rates
Memory to aid in rate matching using DMA
Memory also required for data format conversion betweenprotocols(SATA→USB)
Interface(I/F) comprises of PHY layer(analog frontend) untoTransport layer and data as packet is written to memory usingDMA engine
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SATA-USB bridge Vendors
Vendors
Available as discrete ICs
Vendors providing USB-SATA bridgejmicron - JM20329, JM20339Genesys Logic - GL830Sunplus - SPIF215AOxford Semiconductor - OXU921SLucidPORT - USB300
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SATA-USB bridge Vendors
Components
USB I/F consists of the analog front-end and packet decoder usedto connect the controller to the host device
Similarly SATA I/F consists of front-end to connect to either harddisk drives or optical disk drives
Controller is used to match the data rates and adjust according tothe host rate selection
Memory is used both as buffer and as storage of instructions forcontroller to decode USB data and format it into SATA packetsand vice versa
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USB controller
USB controller
Comprises of a small controller core like micro-controller/ARMwith USB interfaceMemory required to load USB driver to interact with the flashdriveCode require to handle exceptions like less free space, RW erroretc..,
Figure: USB controllerOptical Disc to Flash drive Copier 14 September,2011 15 / 21
USB controller Controller
Controller
Controller essentially comprises of a core like µC or ARM
Support for different port formats like USB, SD, eSATA(forroad-map)
Firmware on ROM connected to controller
DMA with interrupt facility to allow matching different rates ofdata from different ports
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USB controller Vendors
Vendors
Available as discrete ICs
Vendors providing USB-SATA bridgeTI - MSP430 seriesApplication specific Atmel AVR - XMEGA seriesARM7 based cores- eg OMAP, Samsung Exynos,STMicroelectronics(STR7x)8051 family with USB controller - NXP(LPC214x),Infineon(C54x), STMicroelectronics(uPSDx), TI(TUSBx)
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USB controller Firmware
Firmware
Consists of a tiny kernel to handle interrupt events from DMAengine
Contains drivers to support different protocols and filesystems
Load the drivers to make the controller act as host device forUSB-SATA bridge
Configure DMA so as to match incoming data rate from bridgewith outgoing rate to USB port(Flash drive) depending on theversion of USB/speed of device
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Cost
Cost
Optical Disk Drive $25 - $30 for Desktop drives and $30 - $40 forportables
USB-SATA bridge $10 - $15
USB controller $5 - $15
Assembly cost $10 - $12
Power Adapter or Battery $10 - $15
Total cost $60 - $97
Cost of firmware development can be distributed across theproducts sold
Stripped down versions of free and open source kernels likeuClinux can also be used to reduce cost
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Variants
Optical disk drives are available at different rated max speedsdepending on power
SATA protocol allows 3.3V, 5V and 12V devices without anyprotocol changes
Lower power versions with lower voltages(including ultra lowpower controllers) can create another market segment
SoC based on unification of the USB-SATA bridge and USBcontroller can also be done using:
Flavours of ARM9 and beyond have on-die support for both SATAand USB(ARM used as an IP vendor)All interfaces/controllers can be designed from scratch(far highercost and time to market)Modified versions of micro-controllers based on 8051 core with thenecessary controllers can also do the job
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Road-map
Road-map
Add support for future versions of USB and SATA
Add support for wider spectrum of devices like SD card, eSATA ..,
Low power versions capable of running long time on battery power
Unification of all controllers onto a single diemicroprocessor/controller capable of handling multiple protocols
Add support for newer optical disc formats like Blueray(BD),HD-DVD(high Density)
Add support to other filesystems like NTFS, ext etc.., for handlinglarger files especially in cases like HD-DVD and BD
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