optical and infrared telescope fundamentals
TRANSCRIPT
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Optical and Infrared
Telescope Fundamentals
Peter WizinowichDunlap Summer School – 26 July, 2018Ethan Tweedie Photography
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Pre-Keck
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Keck Staff
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Telescope Design Considerations
• Science goals
– Type of science, science instruments
• Performance
– Image quality, angular resolution, field of view,
wavelength coverage, throughput, background,
observing efficiency
• Cost & Schedule
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Performance
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Image Quality Error Budget
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Image Quality
Optics Environment Other
Optical Figure (M1, M2, M3)
Optical Alignment
Instrument Optics
Atmospheric Seeing
Dome Seeing
Wind Shake
Vibrations
Active Control System Noise
Scattered Light
Sky & Thermal Background
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Maunakea
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Dennis Crabtree, 2018
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Some Optics Basics
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Human Eye
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Resolution & Sensitivity Gains
10θ ~ λ/r0 λ/D
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Diffraction-limited Imaging
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Stre
hl R
atio
RMS Wavefront Error (waves)
Perfect Keck image
SR=0.62 SR=0.25
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Optical Aberrations - Phase
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Optical Aberrations - Image
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Optical Aberrations - Distortion
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Keck Telescope Optics
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Telescope Error Budget
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Telescope Alignment
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Scott Foundation 21
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Glass Fabrication
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0
100
200
300
400
500
0 1 2 3 4 5
Sph
ere
, z (
mm
)
S (m)
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5Pa
rab
ola
-S
ph
ere
, ∆z
(mm
)
S (m)
Primary Mirror Focus
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Sphere z = 𝑟 − 𝑟2 − 𝑆2
r = 35 m for Keck
Material to be removed =
Parabola 𝑧 =𝑆2
2𝑟- Sphere
Sphere
z
S
r
f
Focal length f = r/2
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Polishing
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Optical Testing
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Ion Figuring
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Primary Mirror Segment
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Segment Support
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Mirror Segment
Axial Insert
Axial Flex Rod
Inner or Outer Whiffletree Tripod
Secondary Whiffletree Beam
Primary Whiffletree Beam
Actuator
Radial Support Pad
Radial Pad Flexure
Radial Flex Ring
Diaphragm
Radial Post
Mirror Segment Subcell
Telescope Mirror Cell
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Primary Mirror Segment
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Large
Monolithic
Mirrors
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Large
Monolithic
Mirrors
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Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensor
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f
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Telescope Alignment
• Segment tilts
• Secondary piston & tilt
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Segment Warping
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Segment Warping
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Segment Phasing
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Science Instruments
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Dome Design
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The Future
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Keck Opportunities• Akamai• AstroTech• Keck Visiting Scholars• Postdoc Positions
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Questions?
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Adaptive Optics at
Keck Observatory
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K1: OSIRISK2: NIRC2
K2: NIRSPEC
ElevationRing
Enclosure withroof removed
AO Optics Bench
Rails to deck
NasmythPlatform
ElectronicsRacks
AO Enclosure
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Light from Telescope
NIRC2
NIRSPEC
1 meter
Keck II AO Bench
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Keck I AO Bench
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OSIRIS
AO Bench
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Keck II Laser(2016)
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Keck II Laser Launch Telescope
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Launch
Telescope
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Keck AO Science
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Keck LGS
HST
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Keck II Near-Infrared
Wavefront Sensing with
NIRC2 Vortex
& NIRSPEC Fiber Injection
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Pyramid WFS & Fiber Injection
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Optical FeedFi
ber
Ext
ract
ion
U
nit
(FE
U)
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NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph
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Pyramid & Fiber Injection Layout
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1 meter
FIU Plate
PWS Plate
FSM Assembly
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Near-IR Pyramid Wavefront Sensor
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Near-IR Pyramid
Wavefront Sensor
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Ethan Tweedie Photography
Other Keck AO
Developments
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Star = PSF PSF-R Difference
On-axis PSF Demo
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Point Spread Function
Reconstruction
Profiler
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New Keck II Real-time Controller
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Keck All sky Precision AO (KAPA)
• Laser tomography
– TOPTICA laser
– Asterism generator
– New WFS camera
– New RTC
• Near-IR tip-tilt
– Multiple NGS
• PSF-R for OSIRIS
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Ethan Tweedie Photography
Thanks / Merci