OPRC Workshops: Results and Recommendations

Keith M. DonohueKeith M. DonohueCommander, U.S. Coast Guard,Commander, U.S. Coast Guard,

Consultant Consultant for the International Maritime Organizationfor the International Maritime Organization

kdonohue@cep.une.org www.racrempeitc.org

Offshore Oil & GasInterest, Exploration, Production

Exploration, Interest

2

Oil Refineries Tanker Terminals

http://cep.unep.org/racrempeitc/maritime-traffic

Refineries, offshore installations, navigational hazards, oil terminal, chemical plants

Year Spill Amount (millions of Liters)F 1962 ARGEA PRIMA, Guanica, Puerto Rico 11F 1967 Humble Oil pipeline, offshore leak, Louisiana 25F 1968 WITWATER, near Galetaisland, Panama 3 F 1970 Offshore Platform, Well blowout 10F 1971 SANTA AUGUSTA, St. Croix, U.S.V.I 13 CrudeF 1973 ZOE COLOCOTRONIS, Puerto Rico 5 CrudeF 1975 GARBIS Florida Keys US.24 - .5 CrudeF 1976 Pipeline Rupture, Corpus Christi,TX. 1 CrudeF 1977 Unidentified Vessel Guayanilla Bay, PR CrudeF 1978 HOWARD STAR, Tampa,Florida US .15 20% CrudeF 1979 BURMAH AGATE, Texas US 5-41F 1979 ATLANTIC EMPRESS, off Tobago 158F 1979-1980 IXTOC I, Well blowout 528-1626 CrudeF 1984 ALVENUS, Louisiana US 25F 1985 RANGER, well blowout,Texas, US 24-52F 1986 Reineria las Minas, Panama 8 CrudeF 1991 VISTA BELLA Barge, off St. Kitts and Nevis 2F 1994 BERMAN, San Juan, Puerto Rico .3 CrudeF 1997 NISOS AMORGOS Tanker, Gulf of Venezuela 3.2F 1999 BLUE MASTER, Galveston, Texas .1 #4 fuelF 1999 PARNASO, Cuba .15 #2 fuelF 1999 GOLDEN MARE, Colombia .25 #4 fuel

5

Caribbean Currents

Vista Bella 199113,000 Bbls No.6 Fuel OilSank in 2,000 ft of water

12 NM East on Nevis6-10 kt winds

6

Puerto Rico US Virgin Isl.UK Virgin Is.Saba (NL)St. Martin (NL)St Barthelme(F) St Kitts & Nevis

Aug: Nicaragua, Refinery Fire (Pacific)Aug: Puerto Rico, Ferry FireSept: Mexico, Veracruz Tank Ship FireNov: Trinidad and Tobago, Pipeline SpillsNov: Jamaica, 3 Spills in Kingston Harbor over 2 DaysNov: Venezuela, Pipeline Rupture, Southern Anzoategui

7

2016 Casualties (Last 6 months)

Regional OPRC Plans

Caribbean Island OPRC Plan

10

Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Grenada, Guyana, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Haiti, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint

Vincent, and GuadeloupeVincent, and Guadeloupe

Sub-Regional Level 2IMO Training Course

Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC)

1414--18 Nov 201618 Nov 2016Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

OSRL, ITOPF, CEDRE,

CEREMA

11

Tour of SpillEquipmentStockpile

Beach Washing Demonstration

12

13

Live Media Training

14

Government of France (CEDRE)2004 Surface Data Buoy Study

May 4, 2004

Dec 8, 2003

Mar 8, 2004

Feb 26, 2004

Mar 17, 2004

The Centre of Documentation,

Research and Experimentation on

Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE)

Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Saint Lucia,

Trinidad and Tobago, PanamaTrinidad and Tobago, Panama

15IMO Regional Workshop on Oil Spill Contingency Planning

1313--16 Dec 201616 Dec 2016Nassau, Bahamas

Polaris, OSRL,ARPEL, Darios

Miranda.

Strategic Planning Steps*

1. Clarify Program Mandates2. Identify/Understand Program’s Stakeholders

- Develop/Refine Mission & values

3. Assess Program’s:- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats

4. Identify & Frame Strategic Issues of the Program

5. Formulate Strategies to Manage the Issues

*Bryson & Alston

Development of Table Top Exercise Scenarios and Injects

RETOS™ Global Performance Analysis

RETOSTM

Antigua Barbados Granada St Lucia TrinidadNCP (last update) July 2016 Jan 2013 ? Aug 2015 2014ICS as model for OSR Y Y N Y YRisk Assess In progress N N N NSens. Map Y Y N Y YPriority Sites Y N N Y YExercises Tier 1 (Comb) 2015,

Ind/CG2013/14 Tier 1, Ind (Comb)Spill 2016 Tier 2

2012 Tier 1, Ind/CG (Deploy);

2016 Tier 1, Ind/CG (Comb); Spill 2013 Tier 3;Spill 2014 Tier 2

Spill 2013 Tier 3; Spill 2016 Tier 1

Equipment Ind (D) Ind, (MOU), (D) Ind./Nat(1) Ind/Nat(1), (D) Ind/Nat, (MOU), (D)Alt. Tech. Disp list, Zones, ISB Policy, Not in NCP,;

No ISB policyNot in NCP (Fisheries); No ISB policy

Policy for disp.; proced. not in NCO; ISB missing

Disp + Zones + List

Wildlife NCP? – XHumane Soc.

Not in NCP - X Not in NCP – XVet. University

Not in NCP - X NCP - Wildlife Center

Tracking, Modeling, SCAT

Visual/Civ Aviation; SCAT?; Model ?

Visual/CG; SCAT; Model ?

Visual/Civ. Aviation; SCAT X; Model ?

Visual/CG; SCAT X; Model X

Visual/Civ Aviation; SCAT; Model ?

Sampling/Labs NDP/NCP X/CEHI Regional

Lab/ NCP X Regional / NCP X Regional / NCP Y NCP Y/ IMA, CARIRI

Waste West Indies - export Incineration; Export Stored/ Minimum Export

Incineration; Haz LF Incineration; Haz LF

Notifications Tested Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually

TOPIC Bahamas Belize Costa Rica Guatemala Jamaica PanamaNCP (last version) 2011 Oct 2011 July 2016 (not adopted) 2015 June 2014 2012 (not adopted)ICS as model for OSR YES YES YES YES YES YESRisk Assessment YES NO NO NO NO YESSens. Mapping NO NO NO NO NO YESPriority Sites NO NO NO NO NO ?

Exercises & Drills

July 2016-Tier 2-Government-TabletopActual Spill Sep 2015, Tier 2

April 2014-Tier -Joint-Tabletop/EquipmentFeb 2016-Tier 1-Industrial/Feedback GovernmentIndustrial twice/year

2016-Tier 1-Government-Deployment

2014-Tier 3-COCATRAM-Tabletop/Equipment2015-Tier 1-Industrial-Tabletop/Equipment

Feb 2016-Tier 1-Joint-TabletopIndustry does once/yearActual Spill 25 Nov, Tier 1-2

Dec 2015-Tier 2-EquipmentActual Spill 2008 Tier 3

EquipmentIndustrial/Government (Tier 1)Mutual Aid Agreement

Industrial/Government (Tier 1)

Government Tier 1 (2010 inventory)

Industrial (2015 Inventory)

Indsutrial/Government (Tier 2)Memorandum of Understanding

Industry Tier 2Panama Canal (Tier 3)Contract with Private

Alt. Techniques

Not definedApproval Case-by-caseEquipment but not dispersants Products Approved ListISB and Dispersants improbable

Policy only for dispersantsISB Not

Two dispersants listed. Must be approved by Ministry of Health ISB can be approved by Minister of Health in critical situations

Dispersants are not allowedISB not allowed

Dispersants zones. Industry has dispersants and equipmentDispersants list from EPAISB only for offshore

Dispersants list approved.Dispersants stock and equipmentISB ?

WildlifeYES – In the National Disaster Plan. Agricultural Dept., Have Equipment and personnel

NO – No mention of wildlife in the NCP

NONGOs have some equipment

YES – Not documented in the NCP. Is part of a national project of Ministry of Environment y Consejo Nacional de Áreas Protegidas

YES – NEPA responsible and Vet Division. Have personnel and equipment

YES – Through Ministry of Environment. Have equipment and people

Training, MonitoringSCAT

Royal Bahamas Air Force + Weather Dept. GIS capabilitiesSCAT – 25-30 persons trained

Is not in the NCP. Belize Defense ForceThree dronesTrajectory ?SCAT included in the NCP

Not trackingNot trajectory modelingMentioned in the NCPNot SCAT

Fuerza Aérea de Guatemala+MarinaModeling not identified in NCP done by MarinaSCAT Ministry of Environment ?

Tracking by Coast Guard (JDF)Trajectory Meteorological OfficeDroneSCAT by NEPA and Jamaican Defense Force

YES – ACP and OPC. Is in the NCPSCAT – ACP and OPC

Sampling/Labs

YES – Dept. of Environmental and Health. National and InternationalNational Disaster Plan has the info

YES - Dept. of EnvironmentLabs in country and GuatemalaIs specified in NCP

YES - SIMAR-Universidad de Costa RicaLocal lab.Specified in NCP

YES – Ministry of Energy and MinesNot specified in NCP

YES - NEPANot mentioned in the NCP

YES – ACPLabs ACPSpecified in NCP

Waste Management

YESNot recycled wastes are incineratedExport wastesHazardous wastes are not managed

YESIncineratorsNot recycled wastes land fill

YES – Asphalt and cementNot recycled ?

YES – IncineratorsNot recycled Incinerators

YES – incineratorsWaste storage facilitiesWastes are buried

YES – OPC is in chargeNot clear procedures

Notifications Revision of numbers once/year

Revision once/year Aprox once/yearRevision is done during exercises. At least once/year

Not a list of numbers. Just a mention of offices

Revisions are done whit exercises

National-Level RETOS Assessments

Bahamas Jamaica Panama Belize Costa Rica Guatemala Antigua Barbados Grenada St. Lucia TrinidadCategory ValueLegislation, Regulations, Agreements 88% 88% 88% 63% 75% 63% 75% 88% 50% 88% 75%Oil Spill Contingency Planning 85% 71% 71% 9% 47% 62% 68% 56% 18% 85% 88%Response Coordination 100% 100% 70% 35% 55% 100% 95% 75% 30% 100% 100%Health, Safety & Security 100% 100% 100% 50% 67% 67% 100% 83% 0% 100% 100%Operational Response 88% 75% 94% 25% 56% 44% 56% 42% 50% 69% 94%Tracking, Assessment & Information Management100% 83% 100% 33% 50% 100% 83% 50% 67% 83% 100%Logistics 100% 83% 75% 0% 67% 42% 67% 33% 25% 67% 83%Financial & Administrative Considerations83% 83% 100% 17% 33% 17% 83% 33% 17% 67% 100%Training & Exercises 75% 44% 100% 0% 44% 63% 63% 44% 38% 44% 100%Sustainability & Improvements 83% 58% 92% 17% 33% 100% 67% 100% 8% 58% 33%Total 89% 76% 84% 20% 51% 67% 73% 60% 29% 76% 88%

Master List of Master List of National & Regional National & Regional

Preparedness & Preparedness & Response Program Response Program

IssuesIssues

Validate & Supplement each other

• Identified Mandates• Identified Stakeholders• Conduced a SWOT Analysis • Identified Master Lists of Concerns & Issues

- TTX - RETOSTM

Participants departed workshop with outline components of a strategic plan framework that can be directly used for implementing improvement plans for

building capacity and making needed changes to National Programs

National Level Results

The Bahamas,The Bahamas, Belize, Colombia, Dominican Belize, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Saint Kitts Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Saint Kitts

and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and The and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and TobagoGrenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago 25

Sub-regional Level III Workshop on OPRC & IMO’s Guidance on the Implementation of an Incident

Management System 2020--25 May 2017 25 May 2017

Nassau, The Bahamas

OSRL,, Gallagher,

CTEH, NOAA

Spill Scenarios Considering Currents

X

Offshore Exploration Activity

X

Spill Scenario

Potentially affected countries

Notification IMS Resources Changes after update of scenario

Bahamas Notification to national parties, countries, US coastguard

IMS will be set up with ministry of environment in charge

Equipment not sufficient, ORSL will be contacted (standing agreement in place) JIC will be set up. Ship representative is invited. Cuba authorities will be contacted online (as practiced in exercises)

Will set up joint operation with Cuba (two responses, coordinated) and US conform MTOP

Dominican Republic Notification of (deputy) oil spill coordinator

- -

Haiti Notification of (deputy) oil spill coordinator

- -

Jamaica Notification of (deputy) oil spill coordinator

- -

Potentially affected countries

Notification IMS Resources Changes after update of scenario

Guyana Notification to ministries, other countries (Suriname, T&T, Venezuela), oil company (Exxon), USCG, RAC/REMPEITC (maybe), other islands

• No system in place to set up IMS. Unclear who would be in charge

• Role of participant: render advise how to formulate plan

• Tier 3 • No bilateral agreement in

place with Suriname to respond

Resources are insufficient to deal with this scenario, will have to be arranged from abroad. No MOU’s in place.

-

Trinidad & Tobago - - Oil companies have equipment which can be used for other spills (MOU in place), agreement with OSRL

• Notification to contact points in region, ministries for maritime sector and energy, as well as coastguard.

• IMS will be set up (ICS experience in place)

• No experience in setting up JIC for region.

Suriname Yes Stand up IMS • Equipment of national oil company will be employed, expertise on IMS, manpower

• Resources required: will contact resource providers (no MOU’s in place)

-

St. Lucia - - ST Lucia has MOU with local oil facility regarding response equipment (can also use equipment for other types of spills, but have to pay).

Stand op IMS

St. Vincent - - - Not specified.

Table 6.3 Regional coordination and communication aspects discussed in relation to scenario 2

- Exchange of information between countries is required- Saint Vincent: regional SAR Coordination Centre in Barbados?- Joint SAR Centers in Caribbean (i.e. also a discussion item from the November 2016 OPRC workshop in Guadeloupe)

might be able to help out- No coordination exercises between countries in the affected area have been done so far- Saint Lucia has an MOU with a local oil facility regarding response equipment (can also use equipment for other types of

spills, but have to pay). Trinidad and Tobago, and Dominican Republic also have similar arrangements. - Many countries may be reluctant to provide equipment to another country if there is a possibility (even if slight) that

they may become impacted by the spill at a later date.

Table 6.4 Potential resources to be shared with other countries

• Suriname: has personnel trained in ICS • Saint. Vincent: could provide ship drivers from the Coast Guard• Mexico: has extensive experience in their Environmental Protection Agency• Belize: could provide waste management expertise and response expertise• Colombia: could provide experienced Naval officers• Jamaica: experienced disaster prevention office for planning tasks in an IMS• Trinidad: has dispersant experience• Guyana: could provide manpower• Bahamas, Curacao: could provide aircraft• Colombia, St. Kitts: could provide drones for spill monitoring

Actual Spill Report: 23 April 2017Petrotrin Refinery, Pointe-a Pierre, Trinidad

300 bbls from Tank #70 (150,000 bbl capacity)

Fuel Oil/ Bunker Oil - 380 Centistokes

80 + Oiled Pelicans80 + Oiled Pelicans

GOLFO DE PARIA

PENÍNSULA DE PARIA

ARCHIPIÉLAGO LOS ROQUES E ISLA LA ORCHILA

Gulf of Gulf of PariaParia: : •• 20 km of beach 20 km of beach Isla Margarita: Isla Margarita: •• 11 km of beach 11 km of beach La La OrchilaOrchila: : •• 3 km of beach 3 km of beach Los Los RoquesRoques: : •• beach areasbeach areas

Bonaire: Bonaire: •• 20 km east coast 20 km east coast •• beaches, lagoons & rocky shorebeaches, lagoons & rocky shore

CuracaoCuracao•• Klein Curacao Klein Curacao •• 50 km of north coast50 km of north coast

ArubaAruba•• 30 km of beach30 km of beach•• 50% 50% coveragecoverage•• National Park/Natural Pool closedNational Park/Natural Pool closed

• Venezuela: • liquid oil

• ABC Islands: • weather oil patches, just below surface

Oil Consistency

Ref: PdVSA Ref:http://www.looptt.com/content/petrotrin-oil-spill-spreads-bonaire

23 April 23 April PetrotrinPetrotrin Refinery Refinery PointePointe--a Pierrea Pierre

27 April: Venezuelan 27 April: Venezuelan -- Gulf of Gulf of PariaParia

29 April: 29 April: PariaParia coastscoasts

12 May: Isla Margarita12 May: Isla Margarita

14 May: Los 14 May: Los RoquesRoques & La & La OrchilaOrchila

26 May: Bonaire26 May: Bonaire

28 May: Curacao & Klein Curacao28 May: Curacao & Klein Curacao

lala29 May: Aruba29 May: Aruba

• Coordination via RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe– Daily Calls– Tech Assistance– Sample Procedures & Exchange

• 5 countries• 4 laboratories• Agreed procedures

Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curacao, Aruba

• National Oil Spill Contingency Plan à Tier 2 • Dispersant applied

– to heavy patches of oil– heavy sheen in the Gulf of Paria

• Aerial surveys for monitoring & effectiveness• Communication & sample exchange with

Venezuela (bilateral agreement)• Clean-up & remediation efforts

Trinidad & Tobago Response

• Clean-up of affected beaches

• Rehabilitation of birds

• Monitoring

• Aerial surveillance: spill not visible

Venezuela & ABC Islands Response

• Lack of familiarity with notification (POLREP) procedures

• Effective coordination between Trinidad & Venezuela based on agreement

• No Responsible Part = No $$– No Personnel à Volunteers– Little Equipment & PPE – No means to Monitor / Make Trajectories – No Waste Management

Lessons Learned

The Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, Cuba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Colombia, Cuba, Curacao, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Curacao, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago Panama, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago

IMO Sub-Regional OPRC Workshop: Oil Spill Response Equipment,

Simulation Exercises & Co-ordination with Neighboring Countries.

22--6 Oct 20176 Oct 2017Cartagena, Colombia

OSRL, ExxonMobil T&T Salvage;

LAMORVARICHEM.

Equipment Deployment

Technical Expert Panels

Development of Incident Action Plans

Regionally

Evaluate Concepts from MTOPFor Regional Plans

• Multilateral Coordination Team ?• Promoting information sharing on offshore safety? • Notification?

• Baseline ESI maps, coastal zone assessments, and baseline assessment of coral reefs

• Vague in-situ burning & dispersants policies– no pre-approved zones

• No temporary oil storage & waste disposal plans• Equipment availability in region unknown – need

assessment• No enforcement/penalty laws • Regional notifications à drills• Equipment to detect, assess, or monitor.• Few, if any on water assets• No funds for national responses• Regional, national and interagency coordination à IM

Master List of Regional Concerns, Issues & Gaps

• Conducted risk assessment throughout WCR /each State – Assess Regional Equipment Stockpiles & Availability– Assess ability to attain Tier 1 OPRC capability either

nationally or with bi-lateral, multi-lateral and/or regional agreements

– Utilize RETOS

Recommendations – Assessment

• Integrate offshore oil and gas into the WCR plans and/or enhance offshore oil and gas in plans where already existing

• Add lists of equipment/stockpiles/contacts to the Caribbean Island OPRC Plan

• Add Detailed National Information & Offshore Planning to Regional Plans

Recommendations - Plans

• Connect regional plans– Central American OPRC & Caribbean Island OPRC

– link/merged under one framework– Explore how CARICOM, & CDEMA can be

used to facilitate legal framework

• Have regional & national oil spill contingency plans translated in all working languages

• Establish connection & ensure availability of information between COCATRAM and RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe (Plans, ESI maps, etc.)

Recommendations - Plans

• Support States in:– Setting up multi- & bilateral agreements.– Development of sub-regional Joint Communication Plans– Writing implementing, compensation & liability legislature

• Facilitate regional exercises on a regular basis:– To establish communication, identify resources, cross-border dispersant

policies, increased understanding of offshore oil operations.– At least one WCR Tier 3 Table Top Exercise every 2 years

• Focus Additional Training On – Incident Management, OPRC, financial mechanisms, claims,

compensation, civil liability, legislation development, spill monitoring, National Level & use of online software for spill trajectories

Recommendations – Technical Assistance

• Form a Regional Emergency Response Advisory Team– Regional Assistance Agreements– Contacts for Technical Assistance

• Fully established RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe as Regional Spill Reporting & Notification Centre

• Establish partnerships with other regional coordination centers in WCR • CEDEMA, MSRCs, DEWETRA, Panama Humanitarian Hub…

Recommendations – Technical Assistance

• Develop a regional online information platform: – Connected within RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe’s website.– Web-based Caribbean Pollution Reporting Form – National contact / notification information– Technical assistance links/contact information – Webchat system to activate in times of spills– ALL National contingency plans– National and regional equipment stockpiles;– All Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps connected

on a single Google Platform– Offshore platform, terminals, pipelines & wrecks locations– Relevant documentation such as best practices

Recommendations – Portal Development