Opportunities and Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Challenges of Distance

EducationEducation

Opportunities and Opportunities and Challenges of Distance Challenges of Distance

EducationEducation

The 3rd SINO FRANCO WORKSHOP ON MULTIMEDIA AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES

March 26 – 28, 2002 INRIA SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS

Timothy K. Shih and MINE LabTimothy K. Shih and MINE LabDepartment of Computer Science and Information Department of Computer Science and Information

EngineeringEngineeringTamkang University, TaiwanTamkang University, Taiwan

Problems and ConsiderationsProblems and Considerations

Demonstration of 4 Distance Learning Tools

Demonstration of 4 Distance Learning Tools

Network IssuesNetwork Issues

Educational TechnologiesEducational Technologies

ScalabilityScalability

Software SystemsSoftware Systems

History of Media TechnologiesHistory of Media Technologies Policy

IssuesPolicy Issues

Sociological IssuesSociological Issues

Technical IssuesTechnical Issues

1922: 1922: Thomas Edison predicted that the Thomas Edison predicted that the motion picturemotion picture woul would replace textbookd replace textbook

W.W.II: W.W.II: Army training filmArmy training film ((efficiencyefficiency was the consideration) was the consideration) After W.W.II: After W.W.II: Television/VideoTelevision/Video TapeTape for Learning, but for Learning, but no interno inter

actionaction 70’s and 80’s: 70’s and 80’s: Computer Based Training (Computer Based Training (CBTCBT) increases int) increases int

eractivity eractivity (limited to the drill and practice strategies)(limited to the drill and practice strategies). . StabilStabilityity is the concern to build CBT programs due to the rapid chan is the concern to build CBT programs due to the rapid change of hardware and O.S.ge of hardware and O.S.

80’s: 80’s: SatelliteSatellite TV TV learning learning Early 90’s: Early 90’s: Multimedia presentations, CD ROM titles (Multimedia presentations, CD ROM titles (CAICAI), ), IntInt

erneternet Mid 90’s: Mid 90’s: Intelligent/individualized tutoring, Intelligent/individualized tutoring, WWWWWW Late 90’s: Late 90’s: Distance Learning/Virtual UniversityDistance Learning/Virtual University The New Millennium and the Beyond: The New Millennium and the Beyond: synchronized distance synchronized distance

learning, mobile learning, virtual university, adaptive content dlearning, mobile learning, virtual university, adaptive content development, remote lab, computer aided assessment,evelopment, remote lab, computer aided assessment, and … and …

History of Media Technology for History of Media Technology for LearningLearningHistory of Media Technology for History of Media Technology for LearningLearning

Elements Elements of of Distance Distance EducationEducation

Elements Elements of of Distance Distance EducationEducation Polic

y Policy

People People

Technology Technology

• Criteria for Diploma or Degree• Standard (e.g., SCORM)• Intellectual Property (IP)• Classification of Virtual Universities• People/Sociological Considerations

• Educational Professional• Administrator• Engineer• Artiste• Student/Customer

• Network Technologies• Web Technologies• Educational Theory• Intelligent Methods• Software Engineering

What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?What’s the Big Picture?

Challenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance EducationChallenges of Distance Education

Challenges of Distance Education

Distance Learning Middleware Systems

Human and Sociological Issues

Policies for Diploma, Standards, IP

Domain Specific Lab Network Technologies

Cluster Computing Educational Technologies

Technical Problems of DE

WebCTWebCT http://www.webct.comhttp://www.webct.com Blackboard 5Blackboard 5 http://www.blackboard.comhttp://www.blackboard.com Lotus LearningSpaceLotus LearningSpace http://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/welcome/learnspacehttp://www.lotus.com/home.nsf/welcome/learnspace TopclassTopclass http://www.wbtsystems.comhttp://www.wbtsystems.com eCollegeeCollege http://www.ecollege.comhttp://www.ecollege.com NetLearning+NetLearning+ http://www.netlearningplus.comhttp://www.netlearningplus.com DigitalThinkDigitalThink http://www.digitalthink.comhttp://www.digitalthink.com ConveneConvene http://www.convene.comhttp://www.convene.com CAPACAPA http://capa4.lite.msu.edu/homepage/#overhttp://capa4.lite.msu.edu/homepage/#over Assess2LearnAssess2Learn http://www.riverpub.com/products/group/assess2learn.hthttp://www.riverpub.com/products/group/assess2learn.ht

mm EduCitiesEduCities http://www.educities.edu.twhttp://www.educities.edu.tw PI-LearningPI-Learning http://www.pi-learning.com/main_frame.htmlhttp://www.pi-learning.com/main_frame.html The @campusThe @campus http://www.at-campus.comhttp://www.at-campus.com Cyber SchoolCyber School http://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/home.htmhttp://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/home.htm WebQuiz WriterWebQuiz Writer http://www.web-quiz.nethttp://www.web-quiz.net a2zClassa2zClass http://www.a2zclass.comhttp://www.a2zclass.com Web Based LearningWeb Based Learning http://www.vitalect.comhttp://www.vitalect.com PrometheusPrometheus http://www.prometheus.comhttp://www.prometheus.com

Distance Learning Systems and ProjectsDistance Learning Systems and Projects

Course and UserCourse and User ManagementManagement (Distance Learning Platform)(Distance Learning Platform) LearningSpace, PI-Learning, LearningSpace, PI-Learning, WebCT, @campus, WebCT, @campus, a2zClass, Blackboard 5,a2zClass, Blackboard 5, NetLe NetLe

arning+, WBL, Prometheus, Topclass, eCollege, DigitalThink, Convenearning+, WBL, Prometheus, Topclass, eCollege, DigitalThink, Convene Instance Hints andInstance Hints and Intelligent TutoringIntelligent Tutoring

CAPA, Assess2Learn, CAPA, Assess2Learn, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5 Keep Track of Student Performances andKeep Track of Student Performances and AssessmentAssessment

LearningSpace, CAPA, Assess2Learn, PI-Learning, Topclass, DigitalThink, ConvLearningSpace, CAPA, Assess2Learn, PI-Learning, Topclass, DigitalThink, Convene, ene, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5

Personalized QuizzesPersonalized Quizzes and and Individualized LearningIndividualized Learning CAPA, EduCities, TopclassCAPA, EduCities, Topclass

SecureSecure Tests for Privacy Tests for Privacy Assess2Learn, WebQuiz Writer, WBL, Convene, Assess2Learn, WebQuiz Writer, WBL, Convene, Blackboard 5Blackboard 5

Learning ModelsLearning Models EduCitiesEduCities

Real-TimeReal-Time CommunicationCommunication LearningSpace, a2zClass, NetLearning+, Topclass, eCollegeLearningSpace, a2zClass, NetLearning+, Topclass, eCollege, , Blackboard 5Blackboard 5

CourseCourse ContentContent CAPA, a2zClass, DigitalThink, WebCT, Blackboard 5CAPA, a2zClass, DigitalThink, WebCT, Blackboard 5

MultilingualMultilingual Support Support TopclassTopclass, DigitalThink, WebCT, DigitalThink, WebCT

Issues of Distance Learning SystemsIssues of Distance Learning Systems

Research Issues of Distance Research Issues of Distance EducationEducationResearch Issues of Distance Research Issues of Distance EducationEducation Instructor load in Instructor load in content developmentcontent development

Courseware/Platform Standard (e.g., SCORM)Courseware/Platform Standard (e.g., SCORM) Efficient courseware development toolsEfficient courseware development tools

Instructor load in Instructor load in e-mail Q and Ae-mail Q and A FAQ summarization and auto-replyFAQ summarization and auto-reply

Unbiased examUnbiased exam and automatic student and automatic student assessmentassessment

Intelligent tutoringIntelligent tutoring and individualized tests and individualized tests AwarenessAwareness from others at a regular interval from others at a regular interval Universal and mobile Universal and mobile accessibilityaccessibility Remote labRemote lab and virtual lab and virtual lab ScalabilityScalability Broadband and real-time Broadband and real-time communicationcommunication

Distance Learning Projects at MINE Distance Learning Projects at MINE LabLabDistance Learning Projects at MINE Distance Learning Projects at MINE LabLab

A Web document development environmentA Web document development environment Mobile interface agentMobile interface agent for persistent look-and- for persistent look-and-

feelfeel Course development andCourse development and student assessment student assessment

toolstools Communication and Communication and annotationannotation tools tools Video Video presentation recordingpresentation recording tool tool Mobile media serverMobile media server On-line exam surveillance toolOn-line exam surveillance tool Wireless mobile learningWireless mobile learning Distance learning for blind peopleDistance learning for blind people Courseware design as a decision problemCourseware design as a decision problem Administration systemAdministration system http://www.mine.tku.

edu.tw

Front EndFront End of of Virtual World Virtual World User InterfaceUser Interface

Mobile Agent Mobile Agent TechniqueTechnique

Universal AccessUniversal Access Persistent Persistent

Look and FeelLook and Feel Integrated with Integrated with

an an E-NotebookE-Notebook Automatic Automatic

restorerestore of of personal datapersonal data

Timothy K. Shih and Jung-Hung Wang, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan

A Persistent Look and Feel A Persistent Look and Feel AgentAgentA Persistent Look and Feel A Persistent Look and Feel AgentAgent

StudentStudent Agent Agent InstructorInstructor AgentAgent AdministratorAdministrator AgentAgent

Student Instructor Administrator

Mobile Agents of Different RolesMobile Agents of Different Roles

Cut and Paste of Web ObjectsCut and Paste of Web Objects The notebook is saved as a HTML fileThe notebook is saved as a HTML file Mobile StorageMobile Storage with a Replication Manager with a Replication Manager Integrated with communication toolsIntegrated with communication tools Collaborative NotebookCollaborative Notebook (Public Notebook) as a future work (Public Notebook) as a future work

An E-Notebook ToolAn E-Notebook Tool

DemoDemoStudent, Instructor, and Adm. AgentsStudent, Instructor, and Adm. Agents

How do we develop Web courses with an How do we develop Web courses with an easy to accesseasy to access style? style? – Course Patterns– Course Patterns

How do we How do we evaluateevaluate student learning student learning performance? performance? – Navigation, Tests– Navigation, Tests

How can we How can we helphelp them from the them from the evaluation? evaluation? – SPC Table– SPC Table

How can How can computercomputer help them? help them? – Tutorials– Tutorials

Timothy K. Shih, Nigel Lin, Jianhua Ma, and Runhe Huang (U. of Aizu, Japan)

A Course Development and Student A Course Development and Student Assessment SystemAssessment SystemA Course Development and Student A Course Development and Student Assessment SystemAssessment System

Student-Problem ChartStudent-Problem ChartStudent-Problem ChartStudent-Problem Chart S

P

2 3 7 4 9 1 6 5 1 0 8 g r a d e s p e r c e n t a g e S t u d e n t

c a u t i o n i n d e x

D e t e r m i n e

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n

7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 % 0 . 0 0 A

5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 9 9 0 % 0 . 0 0 A

9 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 8 8 0 % 0 . 5 7 A ’

4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 7 0 % 0 . 0 0 B

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 6 6 0 % 0 . 5 0 B ’

2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 6 0 % 0 . 5 0 B ’

1 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 0 % 0 . 0 0 B

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 5 5 0 % 0 . 4 0 B

1 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 5 5 0 % 0 . 7 0 B ’

6 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 5 5 0 % 1 . 0 0 B ’

1 5 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 % 0 . 4 0 C

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 4 0 % 1 . 2 0 C ’

3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 % 0 . 3 3 C

8 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 % 0 . 7 1 C ’

1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 % 0 . 2 5 C

n u m b e r s 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 8 7 6 5 4 8 0

C o r r e c t

p e r c e n t a g e

8 0 7 3 6 7 6 0 5 3 5 3 4 7 4 0 3 3 2 7

P r o b l e m

C a u t i o n i n d e x

0 . 1 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 1 5 0 . 7 5 0 . 0 0 0 . 2 9 0 . 3 8 0 . 5 5

D e t e r m i n e

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n

A A A ’ A A A ’ B B B B ’

Revised Model – the SPC Revised Model – the SPC TableTableRevised Model – the SPC Revised Model – the SPC TableTable

The Student-Problem-Course (SPC) Table

View A: Score View B: Navigation View C: Test

Each view has two caution indices

An Instruction Design & Delivery An Instruction Design & Delivery SystemSystemAn Instruction Design & Delivery An Instruction Design & Delivery SystemSystem

Pattern DDL Program

Pattern GUI

Pattern Specification

Web Course Design Editor

Web CoursePattern

Database

Curriculum Development Committee

Web CourseContentDatabase

Web Browser with Web Navigation Patrol

WebNavigationDatabase

Progressive LearningState Machine

PerformanceAnalysis Model

Pattern Formal Syntax

Students Instructors

Pattern Design

MessageSpecification File

DDL Statements

Course Pattern

Course Content

Course Content

Course Pattern

Web Navigation Records

PerformanceRecords

NavigationRecords

BNF Grammar

IntelligentTutorial

InteractionCourse Pattern

Course Design

Analysis

Automatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture GenerationAutomatic Lecture Generation

Based on Based on Test ResultsTest Results Based on Student Based on Student Navigation FactorsNavigation Factors Based on Based on Test Problem UsedTest Problem Used Based on Based on Web Knowledge Structure, or Web Knowledge Structure, or

Dependency Relations among course unitsDependency Relations among course units

The generated lectures are The generated lectures are state machinesstate machines which include new physical links which include new physical links

Automatic lecture generation can be Automatic lecture generation can be proceeded proceeded dynamicallydynamically

System User Interface – Content System User Interface – Content EditorEditorSystem User Interface – Content System User Interface – Content EditorEditor

Text Picture Button Video Audio Undo

Content Quiz Structure Assessment

System User Interface – System User Interface – Popup Quiz Popup Quiz EditorEditorSystem User Interface – System User Interface – Popup Quiz Popup Quiz EditorEditor

Options Answers

Unit

Frequency

Type

Question

Popup Quiz

Quiz Editing

Quiz Activation

System User Interface – System User Interface – Object Detection and SP TableObject Detection and SP Table

System User Interface – System User Interface – Object Detection and SP TableObject Detection and SP Table

Navigation Records

Student – Problem Table

Object Detection

System User Interface – System User Interface – Tutorial Generation and EditingTutorial Generation and Editing

System User Interface – System User Interface – Tutorial Generation and EditingTutorial Generation and Editing

Hierarchical Course Structure

Tutorial Structure

Course Editing & Navigation AnalysisCourse Editing & Navigation Analysis

DemoDemo

Text

Acknowledgement

Timothy K. Shih and Yi-Chun Liao, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan

Text and simple Text and simple graphic drawinggraphic drawing Annotation message Annotation message broadcastingbroadcasting via via multiple uni-castingmultiple uni-casting NetMeeting 3.0, COM (Component Object Model), ActiveX contNetMeeting 3.0, COM (Component Object Model), ActiveX cont

rolrol AcknowledgementAcknowledgement from Remote Stations is includedfrom Remote Stations is included Floor Control:Floor Control: Control Control ModesModes,, ChannelChannel, and, and GroupGroup

Annotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-castingAnnotation via Multiple Uni-casting

Request Button

Yellow LightRed LightsGreen LightsQuestion Button

Red Flag

Return Control

A Course Annotation ToolA Course Annotation Tool

On-Line Annotation with FeedbacksOn-Line Annotation with Feedbacks

DemoDemo

3030 Client connectionsClient connections HeterogeneousHeterogeneous NetworkNetwork

Annotation ToolAnnotation Tool

DemoDemo

The control of “The control of “Who to SpeakWho to Speak” in a communication ” in a communication environmentenvironment

Concepts:Concepts: ChannelChannel:: communication modal (text, audio, video, etc.)communication modal (text, audio, video, etc.) ModeMode:: communication style of a channel ( communication style of a channel (Free AccessFree Access vs. vs.

EqualEqual RightRight)) GroupGroup:: the IP domain of a channel the IP domain of a channel

Example: 4 Channels, 3 Groups, 10 Persons, 2 ModesExample: 4 Channels, 3 Groups, 10 Persons, 2 Modes

Video Conferencing (ER) and Chat Room Tool (FA)

Chat Room Tool (FA)

Annotation Tool (ER)

Floor Control – multi-modal, multi-group, and multi-modeFloor Control – multi-modal, multi-group, and multi-mode

Chat RoomAnnotation

Virtual PanoramaShared Notebook

Video

Audio

Video-on-Demand

Multi-modal and Multi-channel Comm.Multi-modal and Multi-channel Comm.

Video

Music

AudioSlide

MessageAnnotation

ASF Records

Timothy K. Shih, Y. R. Liu and Sheng-En Yeh, MINE Lab, Tamkang University, Taiwan

Automatic RecordingAutomatic Recording Use Commercial Codec and the Use Commercial Codec and the Advanced Streaming Advanced Streaming

FormatFormat (ASF) from Microsoft (ASF) from Microsoft Video and Slide Video and Slide SynchronizationSynchronization Text and Drawing Annotation Text and Drawing Annotation SynchronizationSynchronization Slide Slide SelectionSelection Presentation EditingPresentation Editing Automatic LoadingAutomatic Loading

Multimedia Synchronization Using Multimedia Synchronization Using ASFASFMultimedia Synchronization Using Multimedia Synchronization Using ASFASF

Event markersEvent markers are embedded in a ASF file are embedded in a ASF file Arbitrary Arbitrary activationactivation of markersof markers Do not record the entire screen as one video clipDo not record the entire screen as one video clip Video streaming depends on CodecVideo streaming depends on Codec

Video Stream

Text

User Interrupt User Interrupt User Interrupt

Slide Slide Slide

Event-based SynchronizationEvent-based Synchronization

MS Office XP – Presentation Broadcast provides video and slide synchronization (PowerPoint and IE)

Choose Device Choose Codec

Select Output

Slide Selection

Presentation Playback

User Interface of Recording ToolUser Interface of Recording Tool

Hard to record the entire lecture without Hard to record the entire lecture without making a mistakemaking a mistake

Different presentation needs Different presentation needs different different level of detailslevel of details

Lecture summarization and editingLecture summarization and editing Atomic presentation objectAtomic presentation object – a – a

PowerPoint Slide (with its video and PowerPoint Slide (with its video and annotation events)annotation events)

Text

AtomicObject

Adaptive PresentationAdaptive Presentation

Layered Presentation HierarchyLayered Presentation Hierarchy

Three Levels of Details

Automatic Loading

Presentation Editing

Automatic Recording and EditingAutomatic Recording and Editing

DemoDemo

Bring Outdoors to IndoorsBring Outdoors to Indoors – Virtual Reality-based – Virtual Reality-based communication and communication and situated learningsituated learning

Bring Indoors to OutdoorsBring Indoors to Outdoors – wireless – wireless communication for communication for encyclopedia and E-booksencyclopedia and E-books

EdutainmentEdutainment – makes learning– makes learning easiereasier and and more more interestinginteresting

E-CommerceE-Commerce – learning as a – learning as a commercial activitycommercial activity (i.e., (i.e., knowledge is for sale)knowledge is for sale)

E-InequalityE-Inequality – each virtual university has its own – each virtual university has its own uniquenessuniqueness

E-Problem?E-Problem? – – less people-centricless people-centric natural of learning natural of learning Yet another ‘dotcom’ issue?Yet another ‘dotcom’ issue? (i.e., not so (i.e., not so

optimistic?)optimistic?)

Distance Learning in the FutureDistance Learning in the Future

http://www.mine.tku.edu.tw