opnet gprs model
TRANSCRIPT
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Modeling and simulation of a GPRS protocol
Renju [email protected]
Communication Networks Laboratoryhttp://www.ensc.sfu.ca/research/cnl
School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser University
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Roadmap
� Introduction to GPRS � GPRS overview� OPNET model:
� previous work� radio link control/medium access control layer� base station subsystem GPRS protocol (BSSGP)
� Simulation results� Conclusions and future work
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Introduction to GPRS networks
� General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet-switched wireless network technology
� Introduced as a bearer service for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM):� circuit switched technology � bandwidth:
� 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz (Europe and Asia)� 1,900 MHz (North America)
� billing is based on a connection time� entire radio channel dedicated to a single user� slow data transmission: 9.6 kbps
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GPRS overview
� Radio channels can be concurrently shared among several users� Up to eight radio interface timeslots can be allocated per TDMA
frame, supporting a speed up to 150 kbps � Users may always be connected to the network� Radio resources are allocated when users send or receive data� GPRS employs same frequencies as GSM� Average transmission speeds: 28.8 kbps to 40 kbps� Billing may be based on traffic volume� GPRS Mobile Classes
� Class A: simultaneous GSM and GPRS communications� Class B: GSM and GPRS communications, but not simultaneously � Class C: manual selection of GSM or GPRS mode
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
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GPRS network
� Mobile Station (MS)� Base Station Subsystem (BSS)� Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)� Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
� Packet Data Network (PDN)� Equipment Identity Register (EIR)� Visitors Location Register (VLR)� Home Location Register (HLR)
Main components of a GPRS network:
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Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocol
� Implementation of MAP protocol provides signaling between SGSN and Home Location Register (HLR)
� MAP protocol resides on top of the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol stack
� SS7 is an out-of-band signaling system for:� Public Switched Telephone Networks
(PSTNs)� Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs)
� MAP provides procedures for:� location management � subscriber data management� authentication � call handling � subscriber tracing� short message service (SMS) management
TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application PartSCCP: Signaling Connection Control PartMTP: Message Transfer PartL1: Level 1
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Transmission plane functions
� SNDCP� LLC� BSSGP� GTP
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GPRS Attach procedure
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support NodeHLR: Home Location Register
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Activate PDP Context procedure
PDP: Packet Data ProtocolSGSN: Serving GPRS Support NodeGGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
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Deactivation procedure
PDP: Packet Data Protocol
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Detach procedure
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GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) states
� Idle� Standby� Ready
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Cell reselection
� Controlled by the mobile or the network� Based on the received signal level measurements
performed by the MS� Three cell reselection modes:
� NC0: MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network
� NC1: GPRS mobile controls the cell reselection process and sends the measurement reports to the network
� NC2: Network controls the cell reselection procedure
NC: Network Control
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GPRS transmission plane
SNDCP: Sub Network Dependent Convergence ProtocolLLC: Logical Link Control layerRLC: Radio Link ControlMAC: Medium Access ControlBSSGP: Base Station Subsystem GPRS ProtocolGTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
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Contributions
� Implementation of:� Wireless links� Base station controller� Cell update� Radio link control/medium access control layer� Base station subsystem GPRS (BSSGP) protocol
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Network simulator: OPNET
� Discrete event simulator� Hierarchical models paralleling the structure of real
networks� Network models� Node models� Process models� Link models
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GPRS OPNET model: previous work
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Node model: Mobile Station
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Node model: Mobile Station
LLME: Logical Link Management Entity
LLE: Logical Link Entity
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Node model: SGSN
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Node model: SGSN
MAP: Mobile Application Part
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Node model: GGSN
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Node model: HLR
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Roadmap
� Introduction to GPRSto GPRS� GPRS overview� OPNET model:
� previous work� radio link control/medium access control layer� base station subsystem GPRS protocol (BSSGP)
� Simulation results� Conclusions and future work
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Physical and logical channels
� Packet Data Channel (PDCH): physical channel used for packet logical channels
PBCCH: Packet Broadcast Control ChannelPCCCH: Packet Common Control ChannelPRACH: Packet Random Access ChannelPAGCH: Packet Access Grant Channel
PPCH: Packet Paging ChannelPACCH: Packet Associated Control ChannelPTCCH: Packet Timing Advance Control ChannelPDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel
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RLC/MAC layer: functions
� RLC/MAC layer manages radio resources in a GPRS system� Direction of data transfer:
� Mobile Station to BSS: uplink� BSS to MS: downlink
� Radio Link Control layer:� segments and reassembles LLC PDUs into RLC/MAC blocks� acknowledged operation� unacknowledged operation
� Medium Access Control layer:� controls the allocation of channels and timeslots� multiplexes data and control signals� provides contention resolution BSS: Base Station Subsystem
LLC: Logical Link ControlPDU: Packet Data Unit
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RLC/MAC parameters
� Temporary Block Flow (TBF): physical connection used by two radio resource entities to support unidirectional data transfer on physical channels� downlink and uplink TBF� temporary� maintained for the duration of data transfer only
� Network assigns a Temporary Flow Identity (TFI) to each TBF� TFI is unique among TBFs in the same direction
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One phase access and contention resolution
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Process model: RLC/MAC (MS)
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Process model: RLC/MAC (BS)
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Roadmap
� Introduction to GPRSto GPRS� GPRS overview� OPNET model:
� previous work� radio link control/medium access control layer� base station subsystem GPRS protocol (BSSGP)
� Simulation results� Conclusions and future work
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Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol (BSSGP): service model
RLC/MAC: Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control
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BSC node model
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BSSGP process model
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Cell update
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Cell update: Power Monitor process model
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Simulation: configuration of attributes
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Simulation results: throughput
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Simulation scenario
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Simulation results: mobile_node_1: cell update
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Simulation results: mobile states after simulation
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Results: Base_Station_0 throughput
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Conclusions and future work
� Completed:� GPRS model was implemented in OPNET� Implementation includes
� RLC/MAC protocol � BSSGP layer
� Future work:� implementation of RLC/MAC layer will be
enhanced by adding a two-phase access procedure
� additional simulations to demonstrate the contention resolution
� performance evaluationBSSGP: base station subsystem GPRS protocol
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References
� E. Seurre, P. Savelli, and P. Pietri, GPRS for Mobile Internet. Boston: Artech House, 2003.� 3rd Generation Partnership Project, TS 03.60 version 7.9.0 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Service description.� 3rd Generation Partnership Project, TS 04.64 version 8.7.0 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Logical Link Control (LLC) layer specification.� 3rd Generation Partnership Project, TS 04.60 version 7.9.0 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) layer specification.� 3rd Generation Partnership Project, TS 08.18 version 8.10.0 General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol specification.� G. Jain and P. Shekhar, “GPRS model enhancements,” OPNETWORK 2003, Washington, DC, Aug.
2003.� Y. Sawant, K. Sastry, R. Krishnamoorthy, and S. Taparia, “GPRS model enhancements,”
OPNETWORK 2004, Washington, DC, Aug. 2004.� R. Ng and Lj. Trajković, “Simulation of General Packet Radio Service network,” OPNETWORK
2002, Washington, DC, Aug. 2002.� V. Vukadinovic and Lj. Trajković, “OPNET implementation of the Mobile Application Part
protocol,” OPNETWORK 2003, Washington, DC, Aug. 2003.� R. Narayanan, P. Chan, M. Johansson, F. Zimmermann, and Lj. Trajkovic, “Enhanced General
Packet Radio Service OPNET model,” OPNETWORK 2004, Washington, DC, Aug. 2004. � OPNET documentation V.11.0.A, OPNET Technologies, Inc., Bethesda, MD, 2004.