Folia Fac. Sci. Nal Univ. Masarykianae Brunensis. Biologia 92 (1995): 55-58

Terrestrial Invertebrates of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESco' IEdited by RI.JDoLF RozKoŠNf & JARoMÍR ya1i&aRq

Opil ionida

PAVEL BEZDĚČKA & RUDOLF RoZKoŠNÝV. |/acully, 992' 686 0] UhersM Hradiš|ě, Czech Republic

&Department of Zoologv and Ecologl, Faculty of Science, }|,Íasaryk University,

Kotlářska 2, 61] 37 Brno. Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic 3l species of harvestmen have been recorded, 16 of whichhave been found in the extended Pálava Biosphere Reserve. A monograph of the har-vestmen of the former Czechoslovakia uas published by SILHAV\' (1956) who at a la-ter time presented a qfnoptic key to all species that could be found in the territory ofthat state (SILHAVY l97l). Harvestmen live mainly in humid and shaded places.beneath stones and decaying wood, among leď litter and beneath the bark of old treestumps; they also occur on tree trunks and rocks, rarely even in tree crowns and onfruiting bodies of fungi. Only a few species occur even in such sunlit places as cerealsfields, meadows and walls of buildings. Several species regularly invade humandnellings or live in their environs. Harvestmen are predominantly nocturnal, seekingshelter in morning hours. Most species inhabit woodland environment. The majority oforr species hibernate in the egg stage, except for Astrobunus, Plaýbunus, Lophopilio,oligolophus! and Rilaena spp. which lribernate as immafure inďviduals and thesouthern Moravian representatives of the families Trogulidae and Nematostomatidaewhich hibernate as adults. Hibernating harvestmen often seek hibernacula deep in thesoil. řIarvestmen most frequently prey on minute invertebrates (mites, aphids, thrips.snails) and occasionally also feed on remains of fruit. Harvestmen are usually collectedinďvidually by inspecting their possib|e shelters. Within the monitoring programmesmentioned below. harvestmen were pitfall-trapped, swept or extracted from soilsamples.

Ilistory of investigation. The first findings of harvestmen in the study area wererecorded by KRÁToCHVIL (1934). In a srnopsis of harvestmen species of the thenCzechoslovakia. he reports 3 spccies from the enúrons of l*dnice. including adescription of a neu' subspecies. Opilio lnrietinus silhatryi, which, however. was laterrynonymized uith O. saxatilis (cf. SILHAW 1956). V. SILHAVY, our outstandingexpert in han'estmen. apparently 'never collected them in the territory of the Pálar'aB.R. In his monograph (SILHAVY 1956). he only mentions KRATOCHVIL's findingof Astrobunus laevilles at Turold nr' Mikulov. In a further paper (Šn-Heuf tlzz; trepresented rezults of examining MILLER's material including 8 species from the studl'area. OBRTEL (1976) evaluated in detail his comprehensive malerial from thefloďplain forest Kančí obora nr. Lednice. The materiď col|ected within the comp|exinvestigatiorrs of the flood plain forest at Horní les nr. lrdnice (lnstitute of ForestEcolory. Mende| Urriversity of Agriculture and Forestry. Brno. J. yaŇ{}InRlq leg.) uasdetermined by the late F. MILLER our foremost arachnologist, and published by

5ó P. BEZDĚČKA & R. RozKoŠNý

rcŘÍsrEx (l98-5. l99l). The senior author lras studied harvestmen of southern Mora-via since l99.1. Also. he idcntiÍjed samples originating from the rnoniloring programmeorganizcd by the Administration of thc Pálava B.R.

Remarkablc records. Most spccies listcd belou' are zrmong the u'idely distributedharvestnrcn spccies inhabiting broadleaved woodland. only }rÍitostrlnn chrysotnelas andPlatybunus bucephalus slrow rather local distribution. The tlterntophilous Nelimosentproni is only knorvn from lro localities in soutlern Moravia uithin the whole of theCzech Republic.

l\Íonitoring. The foundations of monitoring han'estmen in the sludy area were laidin the detailed study by OBRTEL (1976), who operated a total of 25 pitfall-traps in theKančí obora floodplain forcst bett'een l0 April and l9 November 1969' empýing themat tu'o-rreck inten'als. Among the 7.934 individuals captured. he identifiď 6 speciesamong which O/igolophus lridens predominated. The representation of the specieschanged conspicuously in the coursc of the year in conncction with the different deve-lopmental rycles. For example. adults of Riloena triangularis rr€re most abundant inspring. those of Incinius ephippiatus in summer, and Oligolophus lridens in autumn.Within the mentioned above complex investigaúons at Horní |es nr. I-ednice'han'estmen were studiď tn |97|-|972 and l98l and publislred uy rňjsrer (1985'l99l). Tlre epigeic species were samplď with TULLGREN funnels from litter and theupper layer of soil, some species u'ere obtained b1' sweeping. The most species werefound on the soil suďace. In the hcň |ayer, the facies tvilh Urlica were ďstinctlyprefcrred. In all, 8 species represented by 374 individuals rvere obtained. Again O.tridens was among the abundant soi|-suďace species; in the herb |ayer, Plaýnustriangularis competed u'ith it for dominance in 1971. In l99l this investigation wasrepea1ed by means of sweeping (J. VAŇHARA leg.) and the material was identified byP. BEZDĚČKA. Pitfall.tÍaps samples (l'365 specimens and 6 species) collected atRanšpurk in the period May 1994 . February 1995 (Administration of the Piilava B.R.,J. CHYTIL leg.) were evaluated by P. BEZDECKA.

Conseruation. None of han'estmen found in the Pálava B.R. has becn includďÍrmong the threatened species.

PIÍBLISHED sotlRcEs

KRATOCHVÍL J.' 1934: Sekáči (opiliones) Českos|ovenské republiky. LesOpilions de Tchecoslovaquie. Acta Soc. sc. nat. Morav., 9 (5): l-35. (In Czech,French summ.).

ŠrHnvý V.. l95ó: Sekáči - opilionidea. rauna ČSR. Vol. 7. Čslv, Prah4 272pp. + l0 pls. (ln Czech. Germ. summ.).

Šllunvý v.. |9,t2: DruhÝ příspěvek k poznáni ěeskoslovenshých sekáčů(Opilionidea). Der anaile faunistische Beitrag rr Opilionidea derTsóhechoslowakei' Zprál1. Čs. spol. ent. ČsAv. Praha. E: 93-96. (ln Czech, Germ.summ.).

OBRTEL R., 1976: Soil strďace har".estmen (opilionidea) in a lowland forest. ActaSc. Nat. Brno. l0 (12): l-34.

xŘÍsrex J.. 1985: Structure of insects. spiders and han'estmen of a floodplainforest. In: PENKA M.. VYSKoT M.. KLIMo E. & VAŠÍČer r. (eos.).Floodplain Forest Ecos'stem. I. Bcfore $ater management measures.Elsevier-Academia. Amslcrdanr. Oxford. Ncu'York. Tokvo-Prague,pp.321-356.

)

J .

5 .

Opilionida 5T

6. KŘÍSTEK' J.' l99l: Selectcd srq9P| of insects and harvestmen. In: PENKA Iv{..vYsKoT M.' KLIMO E. & VAŠIČEK F' (eds.)' Floodplain Forest Ecos.vslem. II.After water manag,enrcnl nleasurcs. Elsevier-Acadcmia, Amsterdam. oxford. NewYork. Tokvo'Praguc. pp. 45t-468.

COI-LECI'I ONS EX.\]IT NEI)

Coll. P. BEZDĚČKA.Col|. Administration of the Pálava Biosplrere Rescn,e, Mikulov. J. CI{YTIL leg.. P.neznĚČre aet.Coll. Institute of Forest Ecologl', Mendel universih. of Agriculture and Forestn,,Brno. J. ya1i6apa teg.. P. sÉzoĚČxn act.

7.8 .

9.

Generď abbreviations' ,*.*:xJ"T;;.}:..'ons (pp. l3-l9) and a separaleAppendix.

special abbreviations: A adult. ar arboricol, E egg. ep epigeic, he herbicol, hibhibernation, Im immaturc indir,idual. pe petrophilous. uu ubíquiitóus.

Examp|e: Trogulus Íricarinalus (Linnaeus, 1758): HLj (6)., hď' sLJ, epl, A25,hib:Im.A6. EUR?.

Explanation: rlocaliq,. 2nunrber of source, recological characteristics. aspecialabbreviation (stratum). Jabundance. óspecia| abbrcr]ialion (hibernatig stages).Tdistribution.

LIST OF SPECIES

ltROGULIDAETrogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus. 1767):

LE (3), Iil- (6), SO (7), hg, sk. ep,42. hib:Im.A EUR.

NEMASTOMATIDAEMitostorna chrvsomelas (Hermann.

1804): PV (3). hg. sk. ep. Al. hib:Á'EUR.

Nemastotna lugubre (MÚ|ler' |716): KA(4)' řil. (6). So (7). RA (7. 8)' hg.sk. ep. A2. hib:E.A EUR.

PHALANGIIDAEAstrobunu.s lacvipes (Canestrini. lB1-Z)

(=meadi Tlror.): TU (2). LE. pV (3).KA (4). }il, (6). SO (7). RA (7. s).eu. ep.43. hib:E.Im, SBM.

Lacinius ephippiatus (C. L. Koch. 1835).LE (l). KA (4). HL (ó). ML. MT (6).hg, ep. A.1. hib:E. EUR.

L. horridus (Panzrr. 179{): P\z (3). eu.

ub, A3, hib:E, SBM.Leiobunutn rotundum (Latreille. 1798):

LE (l). HL (6), I\fl- (7), hg. sk,he-ar. A2. hib:E. ATL.

Lophopilio palpinalis (C. L. Koch, 1835):KA (4), RA (7. 8), hg. ep, A5,hib:E.lm. ATL-CEU.

lt{itopu.s morio fabncius, 1799): pV (3),l"ff (7), eu. ub. 42, hib:E, HOL.

Nelima semproniSzalay, l95l: MT (7).tf. he. Al, hib:E, SBM.

Oligolophus tridens (C. L. Koch. 1836):KA (4). řil- (5. 6. 9), so (7)' RA (7.8). eu. he. A-s. hib:E.Im. ATL.

Opilio pariellnls @e Geer. 1778): LE(l). IUL. MT (7). me. ep. A4, hib:E.W PAL.

o. saxaÍil is C. L. Koch. |839 (=parieti.nus silhatryi Krat.): LE (l). n.tc. ep.43. hib: E. EUR

5E P.BEZDĚČKA&R.RoZKoŠNý

Pholangium opilÍo Linnaeus' 176l: NT Rilaena triangularis (}lerbsl 1799): PV(3), LE (7)' err' ub' Ň'hib:E. PAL. (3)' KA (4)' HL (5' 6). ML' MT'

Plaýbunus btlcephalus (c. L. Koch' so (7)' RA (7' 8)' hg' ub' A4' hib:1835): HL (6), ep, pe. A2. hib:Im. Im. ATL.Et'R.

REFERENCES(see ďso Published sources)

MARTENS 1., 1976:. Genitalmorphologie, System und Phylogenie der Weberknechte(Arachnida:opi|iones). Enl Germ., 3: 5ló8.

MARTENS J., 1978: Weberknechte - Opiliones. Die Tierudt Deutschlands, 64. Jena.

- 46.1Pp.Šuravý V., l97l: Řla seuci . opilionidea. In: DA}.IIEL M. & ČEmÚ v. (eds.)'

Klíč arířeny Čssn. Í(ey to the Fauna or ČssRl. Vol' 4. Čsev' Praha' pp. 33-49.(In Czech).

Folia Fac. Sci. Nat. Unir'. Masarykianae Brunensis. Biologia 92-93 (1995)Terrestria| Invertcbratcs of tltc Pálar'a Biosphcrc Rcservc of LINESCO

Edited by RUDoLF RoZKoŠNÍ & JARoMÍR y4$;114114

Genersl Abbreviations

Ecosystem and habitat t1'pes1.0 Woodland ecosystems and habitats 1.2.4l.l Natural iurd setni-natrral u'oďlands l.2.5l.1' l Woodlanďs orrtsidc alluvirurr l.2.(ll . l . l . l Conrel oakwoods (Conti-Quarceta pu- 1.2. ' l

bcscentis) 2.01.1.1.2 Maple-comel oaliwoods (Conti-Qucr- 2.1

ccÍa pubescentis aceris)l . l . l .3 Beech-oakv'oods (Fagi-Querceta) 2.1.11.1.1.4 Maple-honrbcam oaku'oods (Caryini- 2.1.?

Querceta aceris) 2.1.3l.l.l.5 Honrbearn oakrvoorls(Caryini-Quercc- 2.1.4

t a ) 2 . 1 . 5l.l.l.6 Lirne rnaple s'oods (Tili-Acereta) 2. | .6l. f .2 Floodplain forests and slrore grorvths 2.21.1.2. I Willorv alder groves (Salici-Alneta)1.1.2.2 Oak-ash u,oods (Querci-Fraxincta) 2.1.11.1.2.3 Poplar-elm ash woods ((//zli-Fratineta 2.2.2

populi) 2.2.3l.I.2'4 Hardu'oď.elm aslr woods (L]lnti-Fraxi- 2.?.4

nela caryini)|.2 Cultivatcdrvoďlarrds1.2.1 Mixed forests1.2.2 Spnrce stands1.2.3 Scots pine stands

Ecological charactcristics

eu euryoecioushg hygrophilouslne rnesophilousps psyclrophiloussk skiophiloustf thenuophilousxt xerothennic

Abundance

Trophic rclations

co coprophagousmo nrouophagousnl), rn1'cophagousllc necrophagousol oligophagouspa parasitic,parasitoid

Frequencl'

APPENDIX: 2

Black locust staudsWirrrlbrezůis['arksAllc;''sNon-rv'oodland ecosystcnx and habitatsNatural and supplemcutary non- rvocxllaud hrrbitatsLirnestone rocks and screeRocky steppcCirassv steppcSandr,habitatsLittoral babitats and su'arnpsIJalophilous habiurtsNon-u'oodland habitats in cultivatedlandscapeFloďed (íloodplain) meadowsNon-floodcd rneadowsFieldsField balks a.rrd patl'rsVineyardsC)rclrardsGardensItuderal and othcr degraded habitaLs

ph phytophagorspo polyphagous within phpp polyphagouspr prcdatorysa saproplragousry xylophagous

DisÍribution

?.2.-52.2.62.2.71.2.8

Al very rare FI veÍ\'scaÍce ATL AtianticN, rare F2 scarce CEtl Central EuropeanA3 fairly numcrous F3 mďium freqtlent cos CosmopolitanA4 numerous F4 frequent EUA EurasianA5 very nunlerous F5 very frequent EUR Europealt

EUS EurosiberianHOL Holarctic

Spccies conscn'ation PAL PalaearcticPON Pontic

EX extinct EN endangered SBB SubborealCR critically cudangered lai vulnerable SBM Submediterranean*species occurritrg orrlr'ilr Pálava B.R. (witlrin t]rc Cz-ech Republic) TUR Trrrarric

APPENDIX: I

Peticularly protected areas andlocal nmes:

Anmsir- vrch (NNt)Boii lcBrulso (prop.)Caluov (Nr-R, pa1)Děl.ičlq.(I)ivá kady)Dévin (NN.R' P.trl)FrutrišLav Dtjnik (NR)[|onÍ les tu' LcdniccJmŮv hradJcátlio Kuma (n.Ní)Kilči ob(aratr. LcdrueKinbeÍk (PÍop.)KŤivé jeeÍo (NNR)Kočičt kámen (NN|)Kotel (NNR' paí)KlanicryH potok vnlle1'KrunlPdÍa (pÍoP )Kočiéi !tďa (NNl)Košáské lottl1yKvětnc jezelo (h"Nt)

BLBS

DIDV

HLJ HJ KKÁtalKJKKKO

KRKSKUKVLNLRLVNIDNíL\tsl,,lTNRNSNTPN{POPTPvR\RERXRVs.{sttslSKSLsNlSNsoSVTGTHTUYR

Pá|ava Protected Landscape Area and BiosphereReserve ofUNESCO

(Extended concept)

O 1 2 3 4 s k t nt-_.'t-..-i+..H

A

l,án}.Lcdniďe l-a'bnil)' (NNl.' Pet)LišÓ vrch (}.lR)oní.luerce of lr,lorava atd D cNli lovic$ les (PÍop')l\lGlovNtilovická su.áli (NR)NoD rybnik (prop.)Nad stielnicí (pÍop.)N6!1 (LR pďl)Pacro\! lr0jnPohmskoPgtvisko tr. LedÍIiÉ (NNNl)Psvlov5ké lTchy (Pála!a)RalšPuk NNR)R.nd6vou (NNM)Rúžo\Ý koD6 (NNí)RúŽovÍ' vr.ih (NR) (.sirotd IÚad)

. soutčsk8 (NNR. pďt),gtrá hoE (Prop.)sibg čr'ik(NR)Svani'Koreček NR)Skal(f (piop.)

'

sckul3ká N|o6.8 íDrcD.)Slmisko E. N6t'tSoutok (NNR, pr

QrcP.)r (NNR' pďt)

Soutok (NNR, pet)sfudmkoÚ vrch (ProP.)fri gnicicTrb-ulová (NNR) (stolorá)Tuold (NR)VFohj'Íoh

cadEstÍB:

BA BavoryBR Bf@lsvBU Bulhq'cH chwátská Nová věDo DoIní vštonieHO HlohovccHV Homj \'ěrtoniccKL Klau ceLA leArotLD LgdnáLE LcdnieNlE Nlilovic.Nll MildovNE NcjdckNt Nové NiliTyPA PavlovPD PodivinPE PcmáPR PÍitlukvPs PoštoftiáSE ScdlccUV ÚvalyVA Valticc

Lcgcnd

stal. bordď

bourdary of Biosphoc R6erve (extaded @ncŤt)

boudďy bctwÉn rcent B'R. (\tst teritory) ild its nňv fom

c8datE boudÚi6

NEtional Nďwc R6m.cNahuo RďeryeNctional Nďu. NlonwentNatuc Nlonmmtprcp@d prct tcd u6partiorlaly protcaed uru

NNRNRNNNINNíEop.N

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SLOVAKIA