opiates and pain pain spinal cord substance p brain opiates
TRANSCRIPT
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Opiates and Pain
PAIN
Spinal Cord
Substance P
BRAIN
Opiates
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OPIATES
Codeine Heroin Dilaudid Percodan
Morphine
Opium
Synthetic Opiates
Methadone Demerol Darvon
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Opiates
Primary use: Used medicinally to relieve pain
High potential for abuse; Causes relaxation with immediate “rush”
Detectable in urine up to 48 hours after use.
Dependence:
Physiological High
Pyschological High
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Opiates Drug Route Duration
Opium oral/smoke 3 - 6 hrs.
Morphine oral/smoke/inject 3 - 6 hrs.
Codeine oral/inject 3 - 6 hrs.
Heroin sniff/smoke/inject 3 - 6 hrs.
Methadone oral/inject 12 - 24 hrs.
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Immediate Effects
Euphoria
Drowsiness
Pain reduction
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Long-Term Effects
Respiratory and circulation depression
Dizziness
Lowered libido
Constipation
Weight loss
Coma
Death
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Opiates
Symptoms of Overdose 1. Slow, shallow breathing
2. clammy skin
3. Convulsions
4. Coma
5. Death
Treatment: Narcan (opiate antagonist)
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Opiates
Withdrawal Syndrome:
Watery eyes, Runny nose, Cramps,
Diarrhea, Loss of Appetite, Nausea
Tremors, Chills, Sweating, Goose bumps
Symptoms begin 6 to 10 hours following withdrawal, peak at 36 to 48 hours, subside after 6 to 10 days
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Methadone Maintenance
- Most common treatment for opiate dependent individuals
- Started in 1960’s
- Opiates are not considered a power drug - few crimes associated while the users is under the influence. Therefore, total abstinence need not be an objective of treatment.
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Methadone Maintenance
- Individual is given a daily oral dose of methadone that prevents the occurrence of withdrawal.
- When properly prescribed it does not produce euphoria or tranquilizing effect.
- Individual may remain of methadone maintenance indefinitely.
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Rapid Anesthesia - Aided Detoxification
(RAAD) 1. IV Administration of Narcan (opiate
antagonist)
2. Person is under a general anesthesia
procedures last several hours
3. Person receives on-going doses of opiate antagonist for cravings