oph dttio on ec d
TRANSCRIPT
OP
hD
tti
Ope
n P
hase
Det
ectio
n N
RC
Pre
sent
atio
n
Febr
uary
28,
201
3
Scot
Gre
enle
eV
P of
Cor
pora
te E
ngin
eerin
g
Byro
n St
atio
n Ev
ent D
escr
iptio
ns
•Ja
nuar
y 30
, 201
2•
Mec
hani
calf
ailu
reof
345
kVun
der-h
ung
•Fe
brua
ry 2
8, 2
012
•M
echa
nica
lfai
lure
ofun
derh
ung
Uni
t 2U
nit 1
Mec
hani
cal f
ailu
re o
f 345
kV
unde
rhun
g po
rcel
ain
insu
lato
r on
Syst
em A
uxilia
ry
Tran
sfor
mer
(SAT
) A-
fram
e st
ruct
ure
crea
tes
a lin
e to
gro
und
faul
t on
the
feed
si
de o
f the
SAT
•M
echa
nica
l fai
lure
of u
nder
-hun
g po
rcel
ain
insu
lato
r on
SAT
A-fra
me
stru
ctur
e cr
eatin
g a
line
to g
roun
d fa
ult
on th
e sy
stem
sid
e•
Prot
ectiv
ere
layi
ngis
olat
edth
efa
ulte
d•
Ope
n ph
ase
cond
ition
that
pro
tect
ive
rela
ying
was
not
des
igne
d to
det
ect
•Si
mul
tane
ous
adve
rse
impa
ct o
n bo
th
redu
ndan
t saf
ety
train
s
Prot
ectiv
e re
layi
ng is
olat
ed th
e fa
ulte
d co
mpo
nent
and
tran
sfer
red
pow
er to
th
e al
tern
ate
supp
ly•
Syst
ems
wor
ked
as d
esig
ned
and
stat
ion
rem
aine
d on
-line
•R
eact
or tr
ip o
n R
eact
or C
oola
nt P
ump
(RC
P) u
nder
volta
ge•
Loss
of o
ff-si
te p
ower
(LO
OP)
•U
nusu
al E
vent
•Lo
ss o
f off-
site
pow
er (L
OO
P)
•U
nusu
al E
vent
•O
hio
Bra
ss in
sula
tor m
anuf
actu
ring
defe
ct•
Des
ign
vuln
erab
ility
failu
reto
auto
mat
ical
lyde
tect
anop
enph
ase
cond
ition
•O
hio
Bra
ss in
sula
tor m
anuf
actu
ring
defe
ct•
Des
ign
vuln
erab
ility
failu
reto
auto
mat
ical
lyde
tect
anop
enph
ase
cond
ition
2
•D
esig
n vu
lner
abili
ty -
failu
re to
aut
omat
ical
ly d
etec
t an
open
pha
se c
ondi
tion
•D
esig
n vu
lner
abili
ty -
failu
re to
aut
omat
ical
ly d
etec
t an
open
pha
se c
ondi
tion
Exel
on F
leet
Act
ions
Sum
mar
y
•Th
is e
vent
was
sig
nific
ant b
ecau
se it
reve
aled
a d
esig
n vu
lner
abilit
y w
here
an
open
ph
ase
or o
pen
phas
e gr
ound
ed c
ondi
tion
wou
ld n
ot b
e de
tect
ed b
y th
e ex
istin
g pr
otec
tive
rela
ying
•O
pera
bilit
y Ev
alua
tions
wer
e co
mpl
eted
at a
ll si
tes
•Si
tes
impl
emen
ted
inte
rim c
ompe
nsat
ory
mea
sure
s in
clud
ing
enha
ncem
ents
to
exis
ting
alar
ms
sim
ulat
ortra
inin
gan
dpo
stin
gof
desi
gnat
edop
erat
ors
asex
istin
g al
arm
s, s
imul
ator
trai
ning
and
pos
ting
of d
esig
nate
d op
erat
ors
as
appr
opria
te
•A
proj
ect t
eam
sta
ffed
with
bes
t exp
ertis
e dr
awn
from
acr
oss
Exel
on, s
peci
alty
en
gine
erin
gve
ndor
san
dac
adem
iaw
asco
nven
edto
deve
lop
ate
chni
cals
olut
ion
toen
gine
erin
g ve
ndor
s an
d ac
adem
ia w
as c
onve
ned
to d
evel
op a
tech
nica
l sol
utio
n to
re
solv
e th
e is
sue
•Th
e pr
ojec
t tea
m d
evel
oped
an
inno
vativ
e m
icro
proc
esso
r bas
ed re
layi
ng s
chem
e ca
pabl
e of
relia
bly
dete
ctin
g an
d is
olat
ing
an o
pen
phas
e / o
pen
phas
e gr
ound
ed
py
gg
pp
pp
gco
nditi
on b
efor
e it
can
adve
rsel
y im
pact
pla
nt e
quip
men
t or o
pera
tions
•Th
e pr
otec
tive
rela
ying
has
bee
n de
ploy
ed in
“ala
rm o
nly”
mod
e at
five
uni
ts w
ith
bala
nce
of th
e fle
et to
be
depl
oyed
thro
ugho
ut 2
013
and
early
201
4
3
py
gy
•Le
sson
s le
arne
d ar
e op
enly
sha
red
with
the
indu
stry
via
NEI
wor
king
gro
up
Tech
nica
l Sol
utio
n Su
mm
ary
•Th
e pr
oble
m w
as s
olve
d by
pro
gram
min
g hi
ghly
relia
ble
and
wel
l vet
ted
mic
ropr
oces
sor b
ased
pro
tect
ive
rela
ys w
ith a
n p
py
inno
vativ
e de
tect
ion
algo
rithm
−
Det
ectio
n al
gorit
hm b
ased
on
zero
seq
uenc
e cu
rrent
theo
ryC
td
tt
fi
id(H
V)b
hit
−C
onne
cted
to tr
ansf
orm
er p
rimar
y si
de (H
V) b
ushi
ng c
urre
nt
trans
form
ers
(CTs
)−
Des
igne
d to
aut
omat
ical
ly s
epar
ate
faul
ted
off-s
ite p
ower
sou
rce
from
st
atio
n m
ediu
m v
olta
ge b
uses
and
allo
w e
mer
genc
y di
esel
gen
erat
ors
to s
uppl
y vi
tal A
C p
ower
−
Less
com
plex
and
mor
e re
liabl
e th
an th
e co
mpa
rabl
e an
alo g
gpr
otec
tion
sche
mes
−Pr
oof o
f con
cept
val
idat
ion
test
ing
was
com
plet
ed in
Jul
y of
201
2 an
d pr
ojec
t was
tran
sitio
ned
to d
etai
led
desi
gn a
nd fl
eetw
ide
depl
oym
ent
4
pj
gp
y
Rel
ay P
latf
orm
Sel
ectio
n
•Th
e Sc
hwei
tzer
Eng
inee
ring
Labo
rato
ries
(SEL
) 451
rela
y w
as s
elec
ted
for t
his
appl
icat
ion
for t
he fo
llow
ing
reas
ons:
−Ab
ility
to im
plem
ent c
usto
m d
etec
tion
algo
rithm
−W
ell v
ette
d an
d hi
ghly
relia
ble
plat
form
−Ab
ility
to d
etec
t hig
h im
peda
nce
faul
ts−
Hig
h sp
eed
data
col
lect
ion
and
faul
t/eve
nt re
cord
ing
Sh
ht
tlid
tl
dfl
df
lt−
Sync
hrop
haso
r mea
sure
men
ts to
val
idat
e lo
ad fl
ow a
nd fa
ult
mod
els
usin
g in
stan
tane
ous
volta
ge a
ngle
s−
Com
preh
ensi
ve d
iagn
ostic
s−
Com
plet
e ov
ercu
rrent
pro
tect
ion
−H
igh-
spee
d br
eake
r fai
lure
det
ectio
n fo
r tw
o br
eake
rs
5
Sch
wei
tzer
Eng
inee
ring
Lab
orat
orie
s (S
EL)
Rel
ay
66
Byro
n Si
ngle
Ope
n Ph
ase
Det
ectio
n Ca
bine
t
7
Des
crip
tion
of th
e D
etec
tion/
Prot
ectio
n Al
gorit
hm
•Th
e al
gorit
hm fo
r the
wye
-wye
con
figur
ed tr
ansf
orm
ers
cont
ains
two
sepa
rate
logi
c st
rings
:g
−Th
e fir
st lo
gic
strin
g (L
1) p
rovi
des
dete
ctio
n of
the
open
pha
se g
roun
ded
cond
ition
an
d co
mpa
res
the
rela
y ca
lcul
ated
zer
o se
quen
ce c
urre
nt to
a v
alue
est
ablis
hed
in
the
Elec
trom
agne
tic T
rans
ient
Pro
gram
(EM
TP) a
naly
tical
mod
elTh
ese
cond
logi
cst
ring
(L2)
prov
ides
dete
ctio
nof
the
open
phas
eco
nditi
on−
The
seco
nd lo
gic
strin
g (L
2) p
rovi
des
dete
ctio
n of
the
open
pha
se c
ondi
tion
•L2
com
pare
s th
e m
easu
red
phas
e cu
rrent
s an
d te
sts
for t
he u
niqu
e ch
arac
teris
tic o
f an
open
pha
se c
ondi
tion
−Se
curit
y ag
ains
t fal
se a
ctua
tion
is p
rovi
ded
by n
egat
ive
sequ
ence
cur
rent
or p
ositi
ve
sequ
ence
cur
rent
•Al
gorit
hm fo
r del
ta-w
ye w
ound
tran
sfor
mer
s is
cur
rent
ly u
nder
dev
elop
men
t and
will
be
depl
oyed
atLi
mer
ick
Peac
hBo
ttom
and
Oys
terC
reek
depl
oyed
at L
imer
ick,
Pea
ch B
otto
m a
nd O
yste
r Cre
ek
8
Sum
mar
y O
f Sof
twar
e Va
lidat
ion
Prot
ocol
•Th
e so
ftwar
e pa
ckag
e is
com
pris
ed o
f tw
o di
stin
ct e
lem
ents
−Th
e de
tect
ion
algo
rithm
uni
que
to th
is a
pplic
atio
n−
The
rela
y fir
mw
are
on w
hich
the
dete
ctio
n al
gorit
hm e
xecu
tes
•D
etec
tion
Algo
rithm
Val
idat
ion
−M
ore
than
200
EM
TP a
naly
tical
mod
els
are
cons
truct
ed fo
r eac
h un
it to
pre
dict
the
dyna
mic
beh
avio
r of b
oth
the
off-s
ite p
ower
sys
tem
and
the
auxi
liary
pow
er s
yste
m o
f h
tti
each
sta
tion
−Th
e EM
TP m
odel
s ar
e us
ed to
gen
erat
e dy
nam
ic w
avef
orm
test
cas
es w
hich
are
ap
plie
d to
eac
h re
lay
to c
onfir
m p
rope
r ope
ratio
n−
The
Exel
on p
roje
ct te
am s
ubje
cts
each
rela
y to
a fo
rmal
Fac
tory
Acc
epta
nce
Test
p
jj
yy
p(F
AT) t
o en
sure
that
eac
h de
vice
is p
rope
rly c
onfig
ured
and
per
form
s in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
appr
oved
des
ign
•Fi
rmw
are
Valid
atio
n−
The
SEL
softw
are
qual
ity a
ssur
ance
pro
cess
was
sub
ject
ed to
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
au
dit t
o en
sure
pro
cess
es u
sed
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of t
he c
ore
prod
uct a
re
cons
iste
nt w
ith th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f IEE
E-10
12 (I
EEE
Stan
dard
for S
oftw
are
Verif
icat
ion
and
Valid
atio
n)
9•C
ompr
ehen
sive
test
ing
of b
oth
the
dete
ctio
n al
gorit
hm a
nd th
e fir
mw
are
on w
hich
that
al
gorit
hm o
pera
tes
prov
ides
a h
igh
degr
ee o
f con
fiden
ce in
the
softw
are
inte
grity
Def
endi
ng A
gain
st S
purio
us O
pera
tion
•Tr
ue fa
ult c
ondi
tion
mus
t per
sist
for a
pre
dete
rmin
ed n
umbe
r of c
ycle
s−
Del
ay is
suf
ficie
ntly
long
to a
llow
prim
ary
and
back
up p
rote
ctio
n sc
hem
es to
cle
ar
upst
ream
faul
ts (c
oord
inat
ion
with
T&D
pro
tect
ive
rela
ying
)−
Del
ay is
suf
ficie
ntly
sho
rt to
isol
ate
faul
t prio
r to
indu
cing
a p
lant
tran
sien
t
•Tr
ip fu
nctio
n is
blo
cked
whi
le e
nerg
izin
g th
e tra
nsfo
rmer
to p
recl
ude
spur
ious
op
erat
ion
from
unba
lanc
edha
rmon
icos
cilla
tions
that
can
occu
rwhe
nth
eop
erat
ion
from
unb
alan
ced
harm
onic
osc
illatio
ns th
at c
an o
ccur
whe
n th
e tra
nsfo
rmer
is e
nerg
ized
but
unl
oade
d
•Th
e SE
L re
lay
is h
ighl
y re
liabl
e w
ith a
mea
n tim
e to
failu
re (M
TTF)
of 3
04 y
ears
d
thd
ii
ld
tl
diti
il
tl
tt
lan
d th
e de
sign
incl
udes
a c
ontro
l roo
m d
iagn
ostic
war
ning
ala
rm to
ale
rt co
ntro
l ro
om s
taff
of re
lay
mal
func
tion
•Tr
ip fu
nctio
n is
aut
omat
ical
ly b
lock
ed if
a d
iagn
ostic
ala
rm is
act
ivat
ed –
desi
gned
to fa
il co
nser
vativ
ely
•In
the
even
t tha
t cur
rent
dro
ps b
elow
the
anal
yzed
lim
it of
0.8
am
ps p
rimar
y cu
rrent
,aC
ontro
lRoo
mw
arni
ngal
arm
istri
gger
edto
aler
tope
rato
rsth
at
10
curre
nt, a
Con
trol R
oom
war
ning
ala
rm is
trig
gere
d to
ale
rt op
erat
ors
that
cu
rrent
is a
ppro
achi
ng th
e m
inim
um d
etec
tion
thre
shol
d of
the
rela
y
Sim
plifi
ed S
chem
atic
(Sin
gle
SAT
show
n)
11
Safe
ty C
lass
ifica
tion
The
desi
gn is
impl
emen
ted
via
a no
n-sa
fety
rela
ted
mod
ifica
tion:
•Th
e m
odifi
catio
n is
inte
nded
to d
etec
t and
miti
gate
the
cons
eque
nces
of a
failu
re m
ode
in th
e no
n-sa
fety
rela
ted
porti
on o
f the
offs
ite p
ower
circ
uit
•A
non-
safe
ty re
late
d de
sign
is c
onsi
sten
t with
the
prot
ectio
n sc
hem
es a
lread
y in
pla
ce
for t
he tr
ansf
orm
er a
nd s
witc
hyar
d pr
otec
tive
rela
y fu
nctio
ns•
A no
n-sa
fety
rela
ted
mod
ifica
tion
is le
ss c
ompl
ex a
nd, t
here
fore
, mor
e re
liabl
e th
an a
sa
fety
rela
ted
mod
ifica
tion
•Th
e m
odifi
catio
n pr
otec
ts b
oth
the
safe
ty a
nd n
on-s
afet
y re
late
d eq
uipm
ent a
gain
st a
n op
en p
hase
con
ditio
n
A sa
fety
rela
ted
solu
tion
is n
ot p
refe
rred
beca
use:
•Th
e pr
otec
tion
sche
me
wou
ld h
ave
to b
e im
plem
ente
d on
eac
h m
ediu
m v
olta
ge b
us
incr
easi
ng th
e qu
antit
y of
rela
ys re
quire
d an
d co
mpl
exity
of t
he e
xist
ing
degr
aded
vo
ltage
pro
tect
ion
sche
me
•It
may
not
be
feas
ible
to d
evel
op th
e hi
ghly
com
plex
alg
orith
ms
that
wou
ld b
e re
quire
d to
f
dete
ct a
ope
n ph
ase
cond
ition
by
mon
itorin
g pa
ram
eter
s on
the
low
vol
tage
sid
e of
the
trans
form
ers
•M
ay in
trodu
ce n
ew fa
ilure
mod
es fo
r eac
h of
the
4kV
safe
ty re
late
d bu
ses
beyo
nd th
ose
prev
ious
ly e
valu
ated
in th
e or
igin
al p
lant
des
ign
12•Im
plem
entin
g a
mic
ropr
oces
sor b
ased
sol
utio
n on
the
safe
ty re
late
d bu
ses
requ
ires
com
plia
nce
to IS
G-6
and
wou
ld d
elay
impl
emen
tatio
n by
sev
eral
yea
rs
Dep
loym
ent S
tatu
s
•Fle
et im
plem
enta
tion
sche
dule
is b
ased
on
oper
atio
nal i
mpa
ct fr
om a
si
ngle
pha
se e
vent
and
abi
lity
to re
mov
e tra
nsfo
rmer
s fro
m s
ervi
ce
durin
gm
aint
enan
ceou
tage
sdu
ring
mai
nten
ance
out
ages
•Rel
ays
have
bee
n de
ploy
ed a
t the
follo
win
g st
atio
ns•
Byro
nU
nit2
(Oct
ober
2012
)•
Byro
n U
nit 2
(Oct
ober
201
2)•
Byro
n U
nit 1
(Nov
embe
r 201
2)
•D
resd
en U
nit 3
(Nov
embe
r 201
2)•
Brai
dwoo
d U
nits
1 (J
anua
ry 2
013)
•Br
aidw
ood
Uni
ts 2
(Jan
uary
201
3)
•Rem
aini
ng s
ite in
stal
latio
ns s
ched
uled
thro
ugho
ut 2
013
and
early
201
4
•Tr
ip fu
nctio
ns w
ill be
ena
bled
afte
r a s
ucce
ssfu
l mon
itorin
g pe
riod
that
incl
udes
t
id
13
an o
utag
e pe
riod