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Turkish Virtual Airlines © 2014-2015 Revision Number - 3 Revision Date - 05.03.2015 Page Number - 1

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART-A

THYVA OPERATIONS MANUAL PART-A


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 5

1.1. Mission Statement ...................................................................................................... 5

1.2. Privacy Policy ............................................................................................................. 5

1.3. Terms and Policy ........................................................................................................ 5

1.4. Copyright .................................................................................................................... 6

1.5. Registration ................................................................................................................ 6

1.6. Operations Manuals and Documents .......................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 2 │ ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................ 9

2.1. Organizational Structure ............................................................................................. 9

2.2. Duties and Responsibilities of Managers ...................................................................10

2.3. Flight Crew Responsibilities .......................................................................................10

CHAPTER 3 │CREW QUALIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION ...............................................11

3.1. Flight Crew Classification ...........................................................................................11

3.2. Line Flight Training ....................................................................................................12

3.3. Line Check (LC) .........................................................................................................12

3.4. Flight Mission Assignment .........................................................................................13

CHAPTER 4 │ FLIGHT PLANNING .....................................................................................14

4.1. Flight Preparation ......................................................................................................14

4.2. Use of Call-sign .........................................................................................................16

CHAPTER 5 │ PLANNING MINIMA & LIMITATIONS .........................................................17

5.1. Minimum Flight Altitudes ............................................................................................17

5.2. Minimum Levels for IFR Flights ..................................................................................17

5.3. Planning Minima For IFR Flights ................................................................................18

5.4. Selection of Take-Off and Destination Alternate Aerodromes ....................................19

5.5. Take-Off Minima ........................................................................................................20

5.6. Approach and Landing Minima ..................................................................................20

5.7. Category I Operations Minima ...................................................................................21

5.8. Category II Operations Minima ..................................................................................21

5.9. Category III Operations Minima .................................................................................21

5.10. Circling Approach Minima ..........................................................................................21

5.11. Visual Approach Minima ............................................................................................21



5.12. Maximum Wind Components and Limitations for Take-Off and Landing ....................21

5.13. Aeroplane Categories for Take-Off and Approach .....................................................22

5.14. Fuel Planning ............................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 6 │ FLIGHT OPERATIONS ................................................................................24

6.1. Standardized Aeroplane Lighting ...............................................................................24

6.2. Before Start ...............................................................................................................25

6.3. Pushback and Engine Start........................................................................................25

6.4. Taxi ............................................................................................................................25

6.5. Take-Off.....................................................................................................................25

6.6. Noise Abatement Procedure (NAPD) .........................................................................26

6.7. Climb .........................................................................................................................26

6.8. Approach ...................................................................................................................26

6.9. Stabilized Approach Procedures ................................................................................27

6.10. Landing .....................................................................................................................27

6.11. After Landing .............................................................................................................28

6.12. Parking and Engine Shutdown ...................................................................................28



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CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION

1.1. Mission Statement

Turkish Virtual Airlines (THYVA) is an approved non-profit/commercial and independent

virtual airline company by International Virtual Aviation Organization (IVAO) which use

International Virtual Aviation Network (IVAN) to provide;

virtual airline pilot career,

realistic flight simulation services,

real-time flight operations and

type-rating trainings with up to date aircraft fleet

to its users worldwide via THYVA website and THYVA Flight Tracker.

1.2. Privacy Policy

1.2.1. THYVA require that applicants register with its real name and a valid e-mail address.

1.2.2. User real name will be seen on website and profile page.

1.2.3. E-mail address and real name of a user will not be distributed or sold to any outside

party. E-mail address will not be shown on the website. THYVA might use e-mail address to

communicate with users or inform them about any updates or changes.

1.3. Terms and Policy

1.3.1. In this context, THYVA should be considered as THYVA Operations Manual, THYVA

Website, THYVA Flight Tracker (vFDR) and any other services provided by THYVA.

1.3.2. THYVA is offered to applicants/users under the condition of their acceptance of this

terms and conditions and other noticed written. Their use of any applications and website

under THYVA constitute applicants’/users’ agreement to all such terms, conditions and

notices.

1.3.3. THYVA reserve the right to make changes of the terms, conditions and notices under

THYVA services without notifying users.

1.3.4. THYVA services may contain links to other websites. THYVA do not control these

linked sites and THYVA is not responsible for the contents of those linked sites.

1.3.5. With this terms and conditions applicants/users declare that they will not use any

services provided by Turkish Virtual Airlines (THYVA) for any illegal, unlawful and real-life

aviation purposes. Applicant/users will not damage or disable any services of THYVA and

they will not obtain or use any materials not provided through THYVA.

1.3.6. THYVA consists of communication platforms such as message box. Therefore;

applicants/users will not use any offensive, unethical, unlawful, politic comments. They will

not harass abuse, defame, threaten or violate any legal rights. They will not publish post,

upload, disturb, share materials under privacy or publicity. They will not advertise. They will

not upload virus, trojan or any harmful material.



1.3.7. THYVA may monitor these messages and remove any material or/and even the user

himself without any reason. THYVA is not responsible from any messages, any uploads, any

materials from users. The user is responsible for all the materials he uses, uploads,

downloads, shares. THYVA is under no obligation for any material that users provide and will

not pay any compensation under circumstances.

1.3.8. The materials provided in THYVA may include errors. Therefore user shall not use

any information herein.

1.3.9. THYVA reserves the right to make any changes with the website, program or any

services provided by THYVA.

1.3.10. THYVA reserves the right to reject, suspend, ban or remove any user without any

reason whatsoever.

1.3.11. All contents and materials are copyright 2014-2015 by THYVA. Any rights not

expressly granted herein are reserved.

1.3.12. By registering, the user warrant not using fake information and declares of

acceptance of this terms and conditions and privacy policy.

1.4. Copyright

Copying of whole or any parts of THYVA services whether electronically or mechanically by

third parties without prior written authorization by THYVA is prohibited.

1.5. Registration

1.5.1. Registration can be done via THYVA website www.thyva.com by filling and sending

the Registration Form.

1.5.2. Applicants must be an active IVAO member and have a valid IVAO ID number.

Applicants can join IVAO via www.ivao.aero and applicants must register Turkish Virtual

Airlines on IVAO VA System via https://www.ivao.aero/vasystem/

1.5.3. Applicant must use real name and surname.

1.5.4. Applicant must use a valid e-mail address.

1.5.5. Applicant must be above 18 years old.

1.5.6. Applicant must be Advanced Flight Student or have a higher rating in IVAO.

1.5.7. Applicant must complete Line Training by using Flight Tracker (vFDR) after initial

registration to achieve full membership.

1.5.8. Applicant has not been suspended on IVAO in 6 months.

1.5.9. THYVA assumes that all applicants know basic level of English language.

1.5.10. Applicant accepts the Privacy Policy and, Terms and Conditions of THYVA by filling

and sending the registration form.

1.5.11. THYVA reserves the rights to accept or reject any applicant registration request.

THYVA may request initial interview or exam from applicant before accepting his registration.

http://www.thyva.com/

http://www.ivao.aero/

https://www.ivao.aero/vasystem/



1.6. Operations Manuals and Documents

1.6.1. Manuals and documents published on THYVA website should not be use for real

aviation purposes.

1.6.2. The THYVA Operations Manuals (THYVA OM) consists of separate parts:

OM PART-A is the general part. It contains the operational policies, instructions and

procedures required for operation. It details the duties and responsibilities of users.

OM PART-A is issued in accordance with the IVAO and IVAO Turkey Division (IVAO-

TR) rules and regulations.

OM PART-B is aeroplane operating part. It contains specific procedures and

techniques published by manufacturers. THYVA uses manufacturers’ master manuals

as OM PART-B such as Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM), Flight Crew Training

Manual (FCTM) and Quick Reference Handbook (QRH).

1.6.3. Normal Checklists (NC) organized by phase of flight and it is used to verify that

critical items have been done.

1.6.4. The followings are more restrictive in the event of a conflict with the THYVA

Operations Manuals and documents;

IVAO rules and regulations,

IVAO-TR rules and regulations,

ICAO, EASA or FAA annexes,

Aeroplane Flight Manuals.



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CHAPTER 2 │ ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. Organizational Structure

2.1.1. THYVA management staff consists of Board of Directors and managers or

departments.

2.1.2. The members of Board of Directors are the owners and founders of THYVA. The

Board of Directors consists of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Members of Board of

Directors.

2.1.3. THYVA managers consist of Managers.

2.1.4. THYVA Managers are appointed by the Board of Directors.

Erim FUNDA

Chief Executive Officer

Fırat BİŞKİN

Pilot Manager

Kemal Emre ÖZTİRYAKİ

Development & Technology Manager

Tufan VATANDOST

Flight Operations Manager

Can ÇETİNÇELİK

Airbus Fleet Manager

Kubilay BAŞKAVAK

Boeing Fleet Manager

Melih UÇAR

Public Relations Coordinator

Berk BİNGÖL

Member of Board of Directors

Hakan ŞENGÖZ

Member of Board of Directors



2.2. Duties and Responsibilities of Managers

Managers are responsible for:

maintaining high level performance of flight operations,

assisting users,

carrying out assessments in respect of the qualifications of members,

preparing and updating documents and, participating in documentation processes,

submitting proposals and suggestions in relation to corrective actions,

coordinating administrative activities,

continuously monitoring the flight operations at least 5 hours in a week,

implementing training activities and processes, requirements, organization standards

and procedures.

2.3. Flight Crew Responsibilities

2.3.1. Flight crew member shall be responsible for the proper execution of his duties that:

a) are related to the safety of the aeroplane,

b) are specified in the instructions and procedures laid down in the Operations Manual,

c) are specified in IVAO and IVAO-TR rules and regulations.

2.3.2. Flight crew member shall be responsible for local rules and regulations, and

procedures on route over-flown.

2.3.3. Flight crew shall:

be responsible for the operation and safety of the aeroplane;

have authority to give all decisions he deems necessary for the purpose of securing

the safety of the aeroplane;

ensure that all operational procedures and checklists are complied with in accordance

with the Operations Manual;

2.3.4. Flight crew shall not permit a flight data recorder to be disabled switched off or erased

during flight nor permit recorded data to be erased after flight in the event of an accident or

an incident subject to mandatory system reporting.

2.3.5. Flight crew shall not permit a flight data recorder to be disabled switched off or erased

during flight nor permit recorded data to be erased after flight in the event of an accident or

an incident subject to mandatory system reporting.

2.3.6. Flight crew ensure that the pre-flight inspection has been carried out.

2.3.7. Flight crew conducting the flight shall, in an emergency situation that requires

immediate decision and action, take any action he considers necessary under the

circumstances. In such cases he may deviate from rules, operational procedures and

methods in the interest of safety.



CHAPTER 3 │CREW QUALIFICATION, CLASSIFICATION

3.1. Flight Crew Classification

Rating Classification Requirements

Commander Instructor - CI Previously classified as C1. Approval is required by management staff.

Commander - C1 Has completed 1000 hours. Automatically upgraded as C1. All types are available.

Commander - C2

Has completed 500 hours of flight time as a Co-Pilot. Automatically upgraded as C2. 4th type of aeroplane is available.

Co-Pilot - P3 Has completed 250 hours of flight time. Automatically upgraded as P3. 3rd type of aeroplane is available.

Co-Pilot - P4 Has completed 100 hours of flight time. Automatically upgraded as P4. 2nd type of aeroplane is available.

Co-Pilot - P5

Previously classified as P6. Has successfully completed the line training on an applicable type of aeroplane. Previously selected type of aeroplane is available.

Trainee Pilot – P6

Has successfully completed the initial registration. Advance Flight Student or higher rating. 1 type of aeroplane is available (A319/320/321 or B737-700/800/900ER).

Note 1: Total hours of flight time above based on Flight Tracker (vFDR) records.

Note 2: Members holding real-life pilot license should send a copy of license to

[email protected] for higher rating. However, final decision will be given by Board of

Directors.

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Upgrade%20Request%20(By%20License)



3.2. Line Flight Training

3.2.1. A member completes the registration process can request a line training for

A319/320/321 or B737-700/800/900ER from a related Fleet Manager Boeing/Airbus or start

flying anytime by using THYVA Flight Tracker on IVAO. However, flying more than 1 type of

aeroplane is not allowed initially. Flying more than 1 type of aeroplane depends on crew

classification.

3.2.2. After completing of initial registration; a pilot classified as Trainee Pilot – P6 and he

must fly minimum of 10 sectors by using THYVA Flight Tracker in 30 days.

3.2.3. Sector is a 1 leg domestic or international flight which includes; taxi, take-off and

departure, cruise, arrival, approach and landing.

3.2.4. Flight time shall not be less than 45 minutes for a sector in line training.

3.2.5. Flights are evaluated and validated by THYVA Flight Tracker (vFDR).

3.2.6. Average grade of total flights should be 50% and must be achieved at the end of line

training.

3.2.7. Pilots successfully completed the line training according to conditions above will be

upgraded to Co-Pilot – P5 status.

3.2.8. If pilot fails at the end of line training must fly another 5 sectors in 21 days according

to conditions above.

3.2.9. If pilot fails in second line training, his membership will be terminated. Another

application to THYVA is available after 3 months.

3.3. Line Check (LC)

3.3.1. The purpose of the line check is to keep and maintain current classification and

qualification of a pilot.

3.3.2. Line check is assigned in every 3 months and must be flown within 30 days.

3.3.3. Line Check Flight is mandatory and must be flown.

3.3.4. Line Check consists of 2 legs flight. Maximum distance of a leg is 2,000 nm.

3.3.5. Flights are assigned according to valid type ratings randomly.

3.3.6. Flights can be domestic and international or both.

3.3.7. Average grade of 2 legs flight should be 50% at the end.



3.4. Flight Mission Assignment

3.4.1. The purpose of flight mission assignment is to increase participation of members to

online-flight activity.

3.4.2. Flight mission assignment provides extra points to pilots in the system, and directly

effects statistics.

3.4.3. Flights are assigned according to valid type ratings randomly.

3.4.4. Flight mission assignment consists of 3 domestic and 2 international flights (6 legs).

3.4.5. Flight mission assignments are assigned at the beginning of every month and may be

flown. It is not mandatory.



CHAPTER 4 │ FLIGHT PLANNING

Note: Please confirm that the "title" in aircraft.cfg starts with aircraft company name.

(PMDG, Aerosoft, FeelThere) Otherwise you might receive errors in flight. Example:

Title=PMDG B737 Turkish Airlines B737-800

4.1. Flight Preparation

4.1.1. Flight preparation can be done via THYVA website.

4.1.2. Flight booking is required via Pilot Section -> Book Flight.

4.1.3. According to pilot's location, available flight are displayed on the page. Booked flights

are reserved for 48 hours so it is not available for other users. If booked flight will not be

flown because of any reason must be cancelled.

4.1.4. Aircraft booking is required. Users can display only available aircraft at the airport

according to valid type rating.

4.1.5. Flight plans and flight related information are displayed after flight reservation on the

booking system. It means that flight has been booked and should be flown within 48 hours.



4.1.6. Final stage contains; Flight Details, Route Map, Fuel Plan, Weather and Aircraft

Details.

4.1.7. Currently, it is not possible to create dynamic flight plan therefore fuel data created

according to Standard Atmosphere Conditions with zero "0" wind effect. So, actual wind and

temperature factors must be considered.

4.1.8. IVAP Plan can be downloaded to file quick flight plan. Save IVAP Plan on your

desktop then LOAD it from IVAP.

4.1.9. Pilot-In-Command (PIC) shall ensure that operational flight plan is completed for each

intended flight.

4.1.10. PIC shall ensure that an aeroplane is fully parked at the gate or stand and

transponder in STBY position before connecting IVAO servers.

4.1.11. Aeroplane must be configured, loaded and refuelled according to intended flight

before operating Flight Tracker (vFDR).

4.1.12. PIC shall not commence a flight unless he is satisfied that:

current maps, charts and associated documentation or equivalent data are available

to cover the intended operation of the aeroplane including any diversion which may

reasonably be expected.

the provisions specified in the operations manual in respect of fuel, minimum safe

altitudes, aerodrome operating minima and availability of alternate aerodromes,

where required, can be complied with for the planned flight;



4.2. Use of Call-sign

4.2.1. “THY” call-sing shall be use at all times as “TURKISH” in English and Turkish (e.g.

THY123, THY956, etc.).

4.2.2. “HEAVY” word shall be added at the end of call-sing at initial contact with ATC if

aircraft category classified as heavy.

4.2.3. PIC may use his assigned/selected call-sign or scheduled call-sign for each intended

flight.

4.2.4. Flight number (TK586, TK457, etc.) shall not be used as call-sign.



CHAPTER 5 │ PLANNING MINIMA & LIMITATIONS

5.1. Minimum Flight Altitudes

5.1.1. PIC shall plan and operate aeroplane at or above the minimum flight altitude specified

in this manual except for take-off and landing phases of flight.

5.1.2. PIC shall ensure that terrain and obstacle clearance is assured at all times.

5.1.3. Any ATC clearance which is not assured terrain and obstacle clearance shall not be

accepted.

5.1.4. No turn shall be made before 400 ft AAL after take-off to achieve terrain and obstacle

clearance.

5.1.5. PIC shall set altimeter to STANDART altimeter setting when climbing above

Transition Altitude and set altimeter to LOCAL altimeter setting when descending below

Transition Level.

5.1.6. PIC is responsible for applying temperature and pressure altitude corrections when

radar service is not available.

5.2. Minimum Levels for IFR Flights

5.2.1. Except when necessary for take-off and landing, or except when specifically

authorized by the appropriate authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a level which is not

below the minimum flight altitude established by the State whose territory is over-flown, or,

where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:

a) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least 2,000 ft (600 m)

above the highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aeroplane;

b) elsewhere than specified above, at a level which is at least 1,000 ft (300 m) above the

highest obstacle located within 8 km of the estimated position of the aeroplane.

Note: The estimated position of the aeroplane will take account of the navigational

accuracy which can be achieved on the relevant route segment, having regard to the

navigational facilities available on the ground and in the aeroplane.



5.3. Planning Minima For IFR Flights

5.3.1. Planning minima for a take-off alternate aerodrome. PIC shall only select an

aerodrome as a take-off alternate aerodrome when the appropriate weather reports or

forecasts or any combination thereof indicate that, during a period commencing one hour

before and ending one hour after the estimated time of arrival at the aerodrome, the weather

conditions will be at or above the applicable landing minima. The ceiling must be taken into

account when the only approaches available are non-precision and/or circling approaches.

Any limitation related to one-engine-inoperative operations must be taken into account.

5.3.2. Planning minima for a destination aerodrome. PIC shall only select the destination

aerodrome and when the appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination

thereof, indicate that, during a period commencing one hour before and ending one hour

after the estimated time of arrival at the aerodrome, the weather conditions will be at or

above the applicable planning minima.

5.3.3. Planning minima for a destination alternate aerodrome and en-route alternate

aerodrome. PIC shall only select an aerodrome for one of those purposes when the

appropriate weather reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that, during a

period commencing one hour before and ending one hour after the estimated time of arrival

at the aerodrome, the weather conditions will be at or above the planning minima specified in

table below.

Type of Approach Planning Minima

CAT II and III CAT I (Note 1)

CAT I Non-Precision (Notes 1 and 2)

Non-Precision Non-Precision + 200 ft / 1,000 m (Notes 1 and 2)

Circling Circling

Note 1: RVR Note 2: The ceiling must be at or above the MDH.

5.3.4. Planning minima for an ETOPS en-route alternate aerodrome. PIC shall only select

an aerodrome as an ETOPS en-route alternate aerodrome when the appropriate weather

reports or forecasts, or any combination thereof, indicate that, between the anticipated time

of landing until one hour after the latest possible time of landing, conditions calculated by

adding the additional limits of Table below.

Approach Facility Ceiling Visibility/RVR

Precision approach procedure

DH/DA + 200 ft Authorised visibility + 800 m

Non-Precision approach or circling approach

MDH/MDA + 400 ft Authorised visibility + 1,500 m



5.4. Selection of Take-Off and Destination Alternate Aerodromes

5.4.1. PIC shall ensure that the selection of destination and/or alternate aerodromes in

accordance with procedures and limitations in this manual when planning a flight.

5.4.2. Take-Off Alternate Aerodrome. PIC must select and specify in the flight plan a take-off

alternate aerodrome if it would not be possible to return to the departure aerodrome for

meteorological or performance reasons. The take-off alternate aerodrome, in relation to the

departure aerodrome, shall be located within:

a) for two-engine aeroplanes, either:

i. one hour flight time at a one-engine-inoperative cruising speed in still air standard

conditions based on the actual take-off mass; or

ii. up to a maximum of two hours, at the one-engine-inoperative cruising speed in still air

standard conditions based on the actual take-off mass for aeroplanes authorised for

ETOPS; or

b) two hours flight time at a one-engine-inoperative cruising speed in still air standard

conditions based on the actual take-off mass for A340 aeroplanes;

5.4.3. Destination Alternate Aerodrome. PIC must select at least one destination alternate

for each IFR flight.

5.4.4. PIC shall specify any required alternate aerodrome(s) in the flight plan.



5.5. Take-Off Minima

5.5.1. Take-off minima must be expressed as visibility or RVR limits, taking into account all

relevant factors for each aerodrome planned to be used and the aeroplane characteristics.

Where there is a specific need to see and avoid obstacles on departure and/or for a forced

landing, additional conditions (e.g. ceiling) must be specified.

5.5.2. PIC shall not commence take-off unless the weather conditions at the aerodrome of

departure are equal to or better than applicable minima for landing at that aerodrome unless

a suitable take-off alternate aerodrome is available.

5.5.3. The take-off minima must be selected to ensure sufficient visual guidance to control

the aeroplane in the event of both a discontinued take-off in adverse circumstances and a

continued take-off after failure of the critical power unit.

Take-Off RVR/Visibility

Facilities RVR/Visibility

NIL (Day Only) 500 m

Runway edge lighting and/or centreline marking

250/300 m (Note 1)

Runway edge and centre lighting 200/250 m (Note 1)

Runway edge and centre lighting and multiple RVR information

150/200 m (Note 1)

Note 1: The higher values apply to Category D aeroplanes.

5.6. Approach and Landing Minima

PIC must ensure that system minima for non-precision approach procedures, which are

based upon the use of ILS without glide path (LLZ only), VOR and NDB are not lower than

the MDH values given in Table below.

Facility Lowest MDH

ILS 200 ft

LOC or LLZ (ILS with no G/S) 250 ft

VOR 300 ft

VOR/DME 250 ft

NDB 350 ft

NDB/DME 300 ft

LNAV 250 ft

LNAV/VNAV 250 ft



5.7. Category I Operations Minima

A Category I operation is a precision instrument approach and landing using ILS with a

decision height not lower than 200 ft and with a runway visual range not less than 550 m.

5.8. Category II Operations Minima

A Category II operation is a precision instrument approach and landing using ILS with a

decision height below 200 ft but not lower than 100 ft and a runway visual range of not less

than 300 m.

5.9. Category III Operations Minima

5.9.1. Category III A operations. A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS with

a decision height lower than 100 ft and a runway visual range not less than 200 m.

5.9.2. Category III B operations. A precision instrument approach and landing using ILS with

a decision height lower than 50 ft, or no decision height and a runway visual range lower

than 200 m but not less than 75 m.

5.10. Circling Approach Minima

The lowest minima to be used by an operator for circling are:

Aeroplane Category

C D

MDH 600 ft 700 ft

Minimum Meteorological Visibility 2,400 m 3,600 m

5.11. Visual Approach Minima

Minimum RVR for a visual approach is 800 m.

5.12. Maximum Wind Components and Limitations for Take-Off and Landing

5.1. PIC shall not operate any flight to or from aerodrome if wind limits are exceeded

below:

a) Maximum headwind is 50 knots,

b) Maximum crosswind is 25 knots,

c) Maximum tailwind is 15 knots and,

5.2. Auto-land wind limits specified in OM-PART B.



5.13. Aeroplane Categories for Take-Off and Approach

The criteria taken into consideration for the classification of aeroplanes by categories is the

indicated airspeed at threshold (VAT) which is equal to the stalling speed (VSO) multiplied by

1,3 or VS1G multiplied by 1,23 in the landing configuration at the maximum certificated

landing mass. If both VSO and VS1G are available, the higher resulting VAT shall be used.

Aeroplane Category VAT

C From 121 to 140 knots

D From 141 to 165 knots

Type Category

B777 D

A330/340 C

A321 C/D

A319/320 C

B737-800/900ER D

B737-700 C



5.14. Fuel Planning

5.14.1. PIC must base the company fuel policy, including calculation of the amount of fuel to

be on board for departure.

5.14.2. The usable fuel to be on board for departure must be the amount of:

a) Taxi fuel, which shall not be less than the amount, expected to be used prior to take-off.

Local conditions at the departure aerodrome and APU consumption shall be taken into

account.

Aeroplane Type APU & Taxi Fuel

B777 570 kg

A330/340 465 kg

A319/320/321 265 kg

B737-700/800/900 225 kg

b) Trip fuel, which shall include:

i. fuel for take-off and climb from aerodrome elevation to initial cruising

level/altitude, taking into account the expected departure routing; and

ii. fuel from top of climb to top of descent, including any step climb/descent; and

iii. fuel from top of descent to the point where the approach is initiated, taking into

account the expected arrival procedure; and

iv. fuel for approach and landing at the destination aerodrome.

c) Alternate fuel which shall include:

i. fuel for a missed approach from the applicable MDA/DH at the destination

aerodrome to missed approach altitude, taking into account the complete missed

approach procedure; and

ii. fuel for climb from missed approach altitude to cruising level/altitude, taking into

account the expected departure routing; and

iii. fuel for cruise from top of climb to top of descent, taking into account the expected

routing; and

iv. fuel for descent from top of descent to the point where the approach is initiated,

taking into account the expected arrival procedure; and

v. fuel for executing an approach and landing at the destination alternate

aerodrome.

d) Final reserve fuel, which shall be fuel to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1 500 ft

(450 m) above aerodrome elevation in standard conditions, calculated with the estimated

weight on arrival at the destination alternate aerodrome.

e) Contingency fuel, 5 % of the planned trip fuel or, in the event of in-flight re-planning, 5 %

of the trip fuel for the remainder of the flight.

f) Extra fuel, which shall be at the discretion of the PIC.



CHAPTER 6 │ FLIGHT OPERATIONS

6.1. Standardized Aeroplane Lighting

Standardized Aeroplane Lighting

Win

g L

igh

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Before Starting Flight Tracker OFF

Before Boarding Start - - - -

Before Pushback or Engine Start - - -

Taxi (Moving) - -

Taxi (Stopping) - - -

Entering Departure Runway or

Crossing Runway -

Departure Runway (No take-off

clearance) - -

Departure Runway (take-off clearance

is received)

Climb (At 10,000 ft) - - - -

Descend (At 10,000 ft)

After Engine Shutdown - - - -

Securing Aeroplane OFF

* Logo lights should be ON for night time operations. Wing lights should be ON for night time

operations when on the ground and at or below 10,000 ft AAL.



6.2. Before Start

6.2.1. PIC shall ensure the flight preparation has been completed according to procedures

specified in this manual.

6.2.2. PIC shall ensure that IVAP is connected to IVAO servers.

6.2.3. PIC shall ensure that Flight Tracker (vFDR) is started and data recording process

working properly.

6.2.4. If there is any ATC serving to aerodrome or area, it is the responsibility of PIC to

contact with. Otherwise, 122.800 UNICOM must be monitored at all times.

6.3. Pushback and Engine Start

6.3.1. PIC shall complete checklists and ensure that:

a) all doors are closed,

b) beacon light is ON, and

c) parking brake is released before commencing pushback and engine start.

6.4. Taxi

6.4.1. PIC shall turn ON Runway Turn-off and Taxi lights before taxi and should be ON

when moving on the ground.

6.4.2. Taxi speed should be approximately 10 knots in the apron area.

6.4.3. Maximum taxi speed 30 knots on the long and straight taxiways and shall not be

exceeded.

6.5. Take-Off

6.5.1. PIC shall ensure that clearance for entering/crossing runway is received.

6.5.2. PIC shall turn ON; Landing Lights, Strobe Lights, Transponder mode TA/RA, and

Terrain or Weather Radar, if applicable when entering departure runway.

6.5.3. PIC shall not start take-off without take-off clearance.

6.5.4. PIC shall maintain proper directional control and rotation technique during take-off

according to instructions specified in OM PART-B.



6.6. Noise Abatement Procedure (NAPD)

6.6.1. THYVA is using two type of NAPD. In case of a conflict with local procedures, then

local procedures shall be applied. However, minimum altitude for thrust reduction and

acceleration shall not be applied below 1,000 ft AGL.

6.6.2. NAPD 1. This procedure involves a power reduction at or above the prescribed

minimum altitude and delaying flap/slat retraction until the prescribed maximum altitude is

attained. At the prescribed maximum altitude, accelerate and retract flaps/slats on schedule

while maintaining a positive rate of climb and complete the transition to normal en-route

climb speed.

a) At 1,000 ft AGL; thrust reduction (climb thrust)

b) At 3,000 ft AGL; maintain a positive rate of climb, accelerate to normal en-route climb

speed and retract flaps/slats on schedule.

6.6.3. NAPD 2. This procedure involves initiation of flap/slat retraction on reaching the

minimum prescribed altitude. The flaps/slats are to be retracted on schedule while

maintaining a positive rate of climb. The thrust reduction is to be performed with the initiation

of the first flap/slat retraction or when the zero flap/slat configuration is attained. At the

prescribed altitude, complete the transition to normal en-route climb procedures.

a) At 1,000 ft AGL; thrust reduction (climb thrust), accelerate towards Flaps Up speed and

retract flaps/slats.

b) At 3,000 ft AGL; accelerate to normal en-route climb speed.

6.7. Climb

6.7.1. Normal climb speed is maximum 250 knots at or below 10,000 ft unless otherwise

instructed by ATC and aeroplane performance permits.

6.7.2. PIC shall set STD altimeter setting when climbing above Transition Altitude.

6.7.3. Seat Belt signs may be turn OFF at or above 10,000 ft, if flight conditions permit.

6.7.4. PIC shall turn OFF; Landing Lights, Runway Turnoff Lights, Taxi Lights at or above

10,000 ft.

6.8. Approach

6.8.1. Normal descent speed is maximum 250 knots at or below 10,000 ft unless otherwise

instructed by ATC.

6.8.2. PIC shall set LOCAL altimeter setting when descending below Transition Level.

6.8.3. Seat Belt signs should be turn ON not later than joining final approach.

6.8.4. PIC shall turn ON; Landing Lights, Runway Turnoff Lights, Taxi Lights not later than

passing 10,000 ft.

6.8.5. PIC shall ensure that speed brake is in ARM position and auto brake in appropriate

position.



6.9. Stabilized Approach Procedures

6.9.1. Stabilised approach (SAp). An approach which is flown in a controlled and

appropriate manner in terms of configuration, energy and control of the flight path from a pre-

determined point or altitude/height down to a point 50 feet above the threshold or the point

where the flare manoeuvre is initiated if higher.

6.9.2. All flights must be stabilized by 1,000 ft AGL in straight-in-landing approach and 500 ft

AGL in circling approach.

6.9.3. An approach is stabilized when all of the following criteria are met:

a) The aircraft is on the correct flight path;

b) Only small changes in heading/pitch are necessary to maintain the correct flight path;

c) The airspeed is not more than VREF+20 kts indicated speed and not less than VREF;

d) The aircraft is in the correct landing configuration;

e) Sink rate is no greater than 1,000 feet/minute; if an approach requires a sink rate

greater than 1,000 feet/minute a special briefing should be conducted;

f) Power setting is appropriate for the aircraft configuration and is not below the

minimum power for the approach;

g) All checklists have been conducted;

h) ILS approaches must be flown within one dot of the glide-slope and localizer;

i) VOR approaches must be flown within 2.5 degrees;

j) NDB approaches must be flown within 5 degrees;

k) A Category II or III approach must be flown within the expanded localizer band;

l) During a circling approach wings should be level on final when the aircraft reaches

300 ft AGL.

6.9.4. An approach that becomes un-stabilized below 1,000 ft AGL in straight-in-landing

approach and 500 ft AGL in circling approach requires an immediate go-around.

6.10. Landing

6.10.1. PIC shall start flare according to instructions specified in OM PART-B. Long flare is

not recommended.

6.10.2. PIC shall maintain proper directional control and bank during landing.

6.10.3. PIC shall ensure speed brake extension.

6.10.4. Use of reverse thrust is mandatory. THYVA recommends IDLE reverse thrust for

landings and it should be closed after 60 knots.



6.11. After Landing

6.10.1. PIC shall turn off Landing Lights, Strobe Lights and Terrain or Weather Radar if

applicable.

6.10.2. PIC shall set speed brake in DOWN, auto brake in OFF position and retract flaps after

vacating the landing runway.

6.10.3. PIC shall operate transponder in STBY or XPONDER mode after vacating landing

runway and keep until comes to a complete stop at parking position.

6.10.4. Transponder must be selected STBY or OFF after engine shutdown.

6.12. Parking and Engine Shutdown

6.12.1. Runway Turn-off and Taxi lights must be turned OFF after parking.

6.12.2. Parking brake shall be SET before engine shutdown.

6.12.3. Beacon Light and Seat Belt signs shall be in OFF position after engine shutdown.

6.12.4. Doors should be opened after engine shutdown.