OperationalFirst Aid

Part 2 (v3.0)

TRAUMATIC INJURIES

*** WARNING ***

The next slide has graphic pictures

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (1)

Laceration / Incision

Avulsion

Abrasion

Puncture Wound

Amputation

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (2)

Minor Wounds Wash in clean running water (no need saline) Clean, Dry, Cover Refer to Medical Advisor

Major Wounds Conduct Primary Survey (DRSABCD), Ambulance if required Pressure & Elevation, squeeze wound edges together Apply pad & secure (do not remove unless absolutely necessary) Reassure, immobilise the injury site

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (3)

Embedded Objects If in doubt, leave in place Dress around wound & refer

Amputations Place body part in SEALED bag, place in icy water Do not allow body part to come into contact with ice or water Seek urgent medical assistance (Ambulance)

Internal Bleeding Call Ambulance, Primary Survey (DRSABCD) Lay down & raise legs slightly Keep victim still, reassure & monitor vital signs Give nothing by mouth

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (4)

Crash Injury Involves chemical change in blood (hypovolemic shock) Can occur after one hour Current guidelines : remove crushing forces as soon as possible

Head & Facial Injuries Scalp Wounds → treat as normal wound Concussion → Seek medical advice, monitor vital signs Fractured Skull / Cerebral Compression

→ Keep victim still, monitor vital signs→ Seek urgent medical assistance (Ambulance)→ Primary Survey (DRSABCD), Oxygen in necessary→ Do not plug ears if discharge→ Consider Spinal Injury

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (5)

Eye InjuryAttempt to flush foreign objects (water or saline)If embedded, do not attempt removalDiscourage blinking, picking at objectClose uninjured eye If Chemical injury, rinse eye in fresh water for 15 minutes

Nose Bleed Victim sits head upright, slightly forward Firmly squeeze soft tissue Try to breathe through mouth, do not swallow

Ear Injury Do not hold nose or blow nose If bleeding, do not plug ear Seek medical assistance

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (6)Spinal Injuries Injury can worsen from swelling, bleeding & movement Most likely on vehicle & diving accidents

Recognition History, pain, altered sensation Irregular bumps on neck/back Slow pulse rate Diaphragmatic breathing Erection in male (priapism)

Management Conduct Primary, Vital Signs & Secondary Survey Keep still & reassure, minimise movement Call Ambulance

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (7)

Teeth & Mouth Injuries Clean dirt away with milk, saline, saliva or water Place tooth into socket Take to Dentist

Chest InjuriesConduct Primary SurveySeek Medical assistance

•Flail Segment – a 'floating' broken rib•Collapsed Lung (pneumothorax) – Ambulance & Oxygen•Sucking / Open Chest Would – Construct ¾ patch

BLEEDING & WOUNDS (8)

Abdominal & Pelvic

Seek medical assistance Warm water bottle may help

SOFT TISSUE

Contusions, Strains & Sprains R → Rest I → Ice C → Compression E → Elevation R → Referral

Dislocation & FracturesImmobilise (no need to strap/bandage)AmbulanceDo not attempt to realignDo not use ICE

OVER-EXPOSURE TO HEAT/COLD

BurnsImmediately cool for 20 minutes (do not use ice)Remove rings, watches (etc.)Elevate burnt areaCover with clean sterile lint-free dressing (non stick)

Thermal → Hypothermia (low temp)

Keep warm, sweet liquids if conscious, call ambulance → Hyperthermia (heat exhaustion/stroke)

Cool victim, seek medical helpSips cool water

POISONING, VENOMOUS BITES & STINGS

Poisons : Ring 13 11 26 (program into your phone now)

Snake & SpiderPressure & ImmobilisationAmbulance

Bee / WaspIce, remove sting, pressure & immobilisation

TicksRemove & seek medical help

WATER CREATURESJelly Fish ( for SE Qld, for tropics use vinegar)Wash with sea waterCold pack, re-assess after 15 minutesHot water thereafter may helpConsider Ambulance

Blue Ringed Octopus (includes Cone Shell)Brown / Grey stringy OctopusRings may only be visible at times

Primary Survey, wash wound sitePressure & immobilisationAmbulance

WATER CREATURES

Fish Spine (Happy Moment, Stone Fish, Stingray)Remove SpineWater (45%c hot but not scalding)Ambulance in necessaryDo not use Pressure & Immobilisation

ADMIN & DOCUMENTATION

To do : Always

• Wear gloves• Refer to Doctor or Hospital• Recommend Doctor if pain persists (or gets worse)• Complete Log Book & Sign

THE END

Please complete your workbooksand hand to assessor

who will sign off and remove front sheet.

PowerPoint PresentationTraumatic Injuries *** WARNING ***Bleeding & Wounds (1)Bleeding & Wounds (2)Bleeding & Wounds (3)Bleeding & Wounds (4)Bleeding & Wounds (5)Bleeding & Wounds (6)Bleeding & Wounds (7)Bleeding & Wounds (8)Soft TissueOver-exposure to Heat/ColdPoisoning, Venomous Bites & StingsWater CreaturesSlide 15Admin & Documentation