OPERATION URGENT FURY: BRIEFING FILE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Communism in the 1980’s: Grenada

Mapping Grenada

World Map

Presidential Advisors

United States Military

The White House Press

Freedom of Speech and the Press

Glossary

NAME:

The Air Force One Discovery Center activities are supported by a grant from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.

COMMUNISM IN THE 1980’STOP SECRET AGENT FILE

COMMUNISM IN THE 1980’s: GRENADA

In1983,PresidentRonaldReaganwasconcernedabouttheislandnationofGrenada.HefearedGrenada’scommunistneighbor,Cuba,wasusingitslargearmytohelpGrenadabecomeacommunistforceintheCaribbeanSea.InOctober,therelationshipbetweentheU.S.andGrenadabecameextremelytensewhenMauriceBishop,thePrimeMinisterofGrenada,wasassassinated.ThenewrebelGrenadiangovernmentwascontrolledbystrictcommunistleaders.

TheUnitedStateswasthemostpowerfuldemocracyintheworld.PresidentReaganbelieveditwashisdutytoprotectthefreedomofU.S.citizensandpromotefreedomaroundtheworld.Inparticular,PresidentReaganwasconcernedforthesafetyoftheAmericanstudentswhowerelivinginGrenada,attendingSt.George’sMedicalUniversity.HeneededtoevacuatethestudentsbeforetheybecamehostagesorcasualtiesofthecrisisinGrenada.

Directions: Pleasedefinethefollowingwordsusingtheglossaryonpage9.

communism (noun):

democracy (noun):

prime minister (noun):

rebel (noun): hostage (noun):casualties (noun):assassinated (verb):

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Objective: LearnvocabularytermsrelatedtothecrisisPresidentReaganfacedin1983,andlearnhoweventsinGrenadaaffectedtheUnitedStates.

Whatisthedifferencebetweenacommunistgovernmentandademocraticgovernment?

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WhywasPresidentReaganconcernedaboutthethreatofcommunismaroundtheworld?

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WhywouldthePresidentbeconcernedforthesafetyoftheAmericansonGrenada?

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Point Salines Airport is the largest airport in Grenada. Point Salines A-18 through B-18.

Fort Rupertis one of the forts built on Grenada. Fort Rupert D-14.

Government House on Grenada is where the governor of Grenada lives. Government House E-14.

Two campuses make up St. George’s University Medical School on Grenada. The largest campus is located at True Blue. True Blue C-18.

Grand Anse is the oldest campus of St. George’s Medical School. St. George’s Medical School D-16.

St. George’s is the capital of Grenada. St. George’s D-15.

Pearls Airport is located at the north end of the island. Pearls Airport M-6.

Fort Frederick is a fort that was constructed by the French. Fort Frederick F-15.

Mount St. Catherine is the highest elevation in Grenada I-6.

Mount Horneis the second highest elevation in GrenadaK-7.

Objective: UsemapskillstoplotkeylocationsonGrenadaandidentifythemusingsymbolicrepresentations.

Readthedescriptionsofthefollowinglocationsandplotthepointsindicatedonthemaptotheright.Labeleachpointwithacoloredsymbolaccordingtothekeybelow.

MAPPING GRENADA

MAPPING GRENADATOP SECRET AGENT FILE

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19atlantic ocean

caribbean sea

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

MAPPING GRENADA

3TOP SECRET AGENT FILEMAPPING GRENADA

1980’s WORLD MAP

1980’s WORLD MAPTOP SECRET AGENT FILE4

cuba

nicaraguagrenada

soviet union

U.S.A.

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CARIBBEAN SEA

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MAP KEY:

Communistcountries:Non-Communistcountries:

A.____________________________________

B.____________________________________

C.____________________________________

D.____________________________________

E.____________________________________

F.____________________________________

HowmanycountriesintheCaribbeanareaareCommunist?__________

HowcouldthespreadofCommunismintheCaribbeanaffectothercountries,including

theUnitedStates?__________________________________________________________

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G.____________________________________

H.____________________________________

I .____________________________________

J .____________________________________

K.____________________________________

Word Box: Asia,NorthAmerica,PacificOcean,Africa,IndianOcean,Europe,Australia,AtlanticOcean,ArcticOcean,SouthAmerica,Antarctica.

Directions: Labelthecontinentsandoceans.Also,pleaselocateGrenadaandcircleit.

EveryPresidentappointsagroupofadvisorstoassistwiththedailyoperationofourgovernmentandtohelpmakeimportantdecisions.ThepeoplethePresidentchoosesforcertainjobsmustbeapprovedbytheU.S.Senate.TheseadvisorsarecalledthePresident’sCabinet.ThePresidentselectsotherofficialsandexpertswhoadvisehimbutdonotneedSenateapproval.TheseadvisorsmayattendclassifiedmeetingsandshareimportantbriefingswiththePresident.

Objective: UsecriticalthinkingskillstodiscoverhowthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesgathersinformationandmakesdecisions.

Directions:PleaseusetheglossaryonPage9tomatchthejobtitlewiththecorrectjobdescription.

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_______ 1. Cabinet

_______ 2. Secretary of Defense

_______ 3. Secretary of State

_______ 4. Chief of Staff

_______ 5. National Security Advisor

_______ 6. White House Counsellor

_______ 7. National Intelligence Officer

_______ 8. Vice President

a. Advises the President in political matters

b. Next in line for the Presidency

c. Leads the military

d. CIA expert on specific world regions

e. Senate elected advisors to President

f. Helps President negotiate with other countries

g. Manages White House staff

h. Provides safety for U.S. citizens

PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORS

TOP SECRET AGENT FILEPRESIDENTIAL ADVISORS

President Reagan in a meeting with his advisors.

Ifyouneededagrouptoconductaclassifiedmissionquietlyandquickly,whichgroup

wouldyouuse?Why?_______________________________________________________

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Ifyouneededagrouptoengageinfightingformultipledaysagainstlargeforces,which

groupwouldyouuse?Why?__________________________________________________

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Ifyouneededtoevacuatehostagesfromadangerouslocation,whichgroupwouldyou

use?Why?________________________________________________________________

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ARMY:Soldiersthatspecializeinland-basedmilitaryoperations.

NAVY:Militaryforcesequippedandtrainedforseawarfare.

MARINES:Militarytroopstrainedtoserveonlandandsea.

Objective: LearnthebranchesoftheU.S.militaryandanalyzethestructureofthethreebranchesinvolvedintheGrenadacrisis.

Directions: PleaseusetheglossaryonPage9tofindthedefinitionsofNavy SEALs,Marine Corps,Army RangersandArmy Infantry.Usethesedefinitionstoanswerthefollowingquestions.

ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisalsocalledtheCommanderinChief,whichmeansheisinchargeofthemilitary.TheU.S.militaryismadeupofthefollowingfivebranches:Army,Navy,AirForce,Marines,andCoastGuard.

UNITED STATES MILITARY

6 UNITED STATES MILITARYTOP SECRET AGENT FILE

_______ 1. Amphibious

_______ 2. Campaign

_______ 3. Strategy

_______ 4. Elite

_______ 5. Abort

_______ 6. Battalion

a. Specific plan

b. Highly trained

c. Military action

d. To stop or cancel

e. Group of soldiers

f. Operations on land and sea

Directions: UsetheglossaryonPage9tomatchthevocabularyterms.

THE WHITE HOUSE PRESS

BelowisalistofthenewsservicesfromtheWhiteHousePressRoomintheDiscoveryCenter.Pleaseusethislisttocompletethefollowingactivity.

PRESS SERVICES

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T h e W h i t e H o u s e

Press room

PRESSPASSNBC NEWS

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T h e W h i t e H o u s e

Press room

PRESSPASSABC News NBC NewsAssociated Press Reuters CBS News Wall Street Journal Los Angeles Times Washington Post

ABC, CBS, and NBC News werethethreemainnewsnetworksintheU.S.in1983.Mostpeoplewatchedthemorningandnightlynewsononeofthesenetworks.Theyemployedalargenumberofreporterswhocoveredimportanteventsandreportedthemoncamera.

The Los Angeles Times, Wall Street Journal, andthe Washington Post representmajornewspapersthatreportlocal,national,andworldevents.Theirstaffwritersresearchedandreportedthenewsintheirstories.In1983,peoplecouldnotreadnewsontheInternetbecauseitdidnotexistinitscurrentform.

The Associated Press and Reuters arewireservices.Wireservicesselltheirarticlestotelevisionnewsnetworks,newspapers,andotherprintmedia.Newspapersmightprintastoryfromoneoftheseservicesinsteadofassigningtheirownreporterstocovertheevent.Televisionnewsnetworksandothermediaorganizationsoftentaketheinformationreportedbythewireservicesandconductadditionalresearchtocreatetheirownstories. ThenewsorganizationsyouwillseeintheWhiteHousePressroomwereamongtheleadingnewsservicesin1983.Youwillnotfindcurrentcabletelevisionstationssuchas CNN, Fox News, orMSNBC becausetheyeitherdidnotexistwhenRonaldReaganwasPresidentortheywerestillnewandfairlyinsignificant.Atthattimeinhistory,mosthomesdidnothavecabletelevision.

Howisawireservicedifferentfromatelevisionnewsnetwork?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DoyouthinktheInternethasmadethenewsmediamoreorlessinfluentialinoursociety?Whyorwhynot?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nametwotelevisionnewsnetworksornewspapersthatarenotmentionedabove.WhydoyouthinktheyarenotincludedintheDiscoveryCenter?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Objective: Reviewvariousnewssourcesandanalyzedifferencesinhowpeoplereceivedthenewsin1983comparedwithtoday.

TOP SECRET AGENT FILETHE WHITE HOUSE PRESS

IntheUnitedStatestherightsofall____________________areprotectedundertheU.S.

Constitution.Ratifiedin_________,theConstitutionwasusedtostructurethegovernmentof

theUnitedStates.Initially,theConstitutiondidnotincludeprotectionoftherightsofindividual

citizens.ThefoundersaddedtheBillofRightstoprotectthe______________________________

andrightsofU.S.citizens.TheFirstAmendmentoftheBillofRightsguaranteesfreedom

of__________________________and_________________________.TheFirstAmendment

allowscitizenstoexpresstheiropinionsevenwhentheydisagreewiththegovernment.Italso

protectsthenewsmediawhentheyreporttruthfulinformationtothepublic,evenwhen

_____________________________________wishtheywouldnot.

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FREEDOM OF SPEECH & THE PRESSTOP SECRET AGENT FILE

FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS

Directions: Usethetipsbelowtofindtheword(s)tohelpyoufillintheblanks.

TIPSIntheearlydaysofAmerica’shistory,peopleexpressedaneedtoprotectthemselvesagainstanoverlypowerfulgovernment.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStateswasratified(approved)in1788.ManypeoplethoughttheConstitutionneededaBillofRightstoprotectthepersonalfreedomsofallU.S.citizens.TheFirstAmendmentoftheBillofRightsguaranteesfreedomofspeech--therighttostateyouropinionswithoutlegalconsequences.TheFirstAmendmentalsoguaranteesfreedomofthepress--therightofthemediatoreportthenewsandpublishopinionsinaneditorialwithoutgovernmentinterventionorcontrol.Sometimesgovernmentofficialsdonotwantthepresstoreporttheiractionstothepublic,especiallywhentheyareplanningmilitarystrategy.

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Objective:UsetheinformationbelowtocompleteareportabouttheConstitutionandtherightsofUnitedStatescitizens.

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GLOSSARYTOP SECRET AGENT FILE

GLOSSARY

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Abort (verb): Tostoporcancel.Amphibious (adj.): Occurringonwaterandland.Army Infantry (noun): Largeforceofsoldierstrainedtofightonfoot;specializeonlandandnightmissions;atriskduringdaylightmissions.Army Rangers (noun): Highlytrainedparachuteforcethatspecializesinhostagerescues;theytravelwithlimited(5daysworth)suppliesandrequiresupportforlongtermmissions.Assassinate (verb):tokillapersonusuallybyasupriseattack.Battalion (noun):Groupofsoldiers,300-1200total,capableofindependentcombatmissions.Briefing (noun): Ashortsummaryofinformationorinstructions.Cabinet (noun): AgroupofadvisorstothePresident.Campaign (noun): Amilitaryactiontoaccomplishaspecificobjective.Casualty (noun): Apersonthatisharmedorkilledasaresultofwar.Chief of Staff (noun): SupervisesotherWhiteHousestaff,plansthePresident’sscheduleandassiststhePresidentwithvarioustasks.Classified (adj.): Topsecret.Communism (noun): Formofgovernmentunderwhichonepartyownsallpropertyandbusinesses;citizensenjoyfewrights.Democracy (noun): Formofgovernmentrunbyelectedofficialsunderwhichallcitizensenjoymanyfreedomsandrights.Elite (adj.): Highlytrainedandskilled;thebest.Evacuation (noun): Toremovepeoplefromadangerousplace.Hostage (noun): Apersonwhoiscapturedandheldagainsthis/herwill.Marine Corps (noun): Fastmovingmilitarybranchthatfightsonseaandland;oftenfirsttoentercombat;relyontheNavyfortransportation.National Intelligence Officer (noun): PresidentialadvisorthatworksfortheCIA,specializinginaspecificworldregion.National Security Advisor (noun): TopPresidentialadvisorconcerningthesecurityofAmericancitizensintheU.S.andabroad;inchargeofNationalSecurityCouncil.Navy SEALs (noun): HighlytrainedgroupoftheNavythatspecializesonsea,airandland;smallteamsconductsecretmissionsquietly.Needassistanceforlargercombatmissions.Negotiate (verb): Toengageinadiscussioninordertocometoanagreementormakeadeal.Prime Minister (noun):Theleaderofthegovernmentinsomecountries.Rebel (noun): Apersonthatfightsagainsthis/hergovernment.Secretary of Defense (noun): PresidentialadvisorthatleadsthemilitaryandcommunicatesinformationbetweenthePresidentandtopmilitaryleaders.Secretary of State (noun): Cabinetmemberthatfocusesonmattersinvolvingothercountries;representstheU.S.inforeigncountries.Strategy (noun): Aspecificandelaborateplantoaccomplishagoal.Vice President (noun): PresidentoftheSenate;thispersonisnextinlineforthePresidency.White House Counsellor (noun): AdvisesthePresidentinpoliticalanddomesticmatters.

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