operation and maintenance for village water supply
TRANSCRIPT
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Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES UNDERLYING
WATER MANAGEMENT
- Available water should be distributed equitably to
end users.
- Water conservation should be given due emphasis
- Each member users should be aware of the
limitations of the completed water system
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Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
IMPORTANCE OF OPERATION &
MAINTENANCE- To maximize the use of the Water System
- To prolong the life of the structure (designed life=15-
20 years)- To prevent high cost of Maintenance
- To satisfy the demand of the users
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To ensure proper distribution and use of the system- To serve as monitoring of the system.
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Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
SUCCESS FACTORS IN THE OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF THE WATER SYSYTEM
- Continuous availability of water
-Save time in fetching from the spring or source
- Conflicts with neighbor caused by insufficient water will be
minimized
- Quarrels between siblings on who should fetch water will be
minimized- Improve hygiene and sanitation
- Backyard gardening and animal raising is possible
- Everybody will be happy.
BENEFITS OF PROPERLY MAINTAINED WATER SYSTEM
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Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
TRADITIONAL WAYS OF OPERATING AND
MAINTAINING A WATER SYSTEM
By requiring all affected Water users to work for freein repairing and improving the water system.
By requiring all users to contribute cash, rice, in-kindtoward Maintenance of the Water System
By waiting for the Government or Politicians todonate materials or improvement of the WaterSystem.
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Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Operation and Maintenance Ka Domat
Is it important for the Water
Association to have funds?
The answer most probably is YES. The Associationcan not move without money. Without funds,
Water System repair and improvement can not be
done.
Some may answer NO in the sense that traditionalways of Operation and Maintenance in Water
System are working without funds.
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ADVANTAGES OF HAVING FUNDS FOR
WATER SYSTEM There will be money to be used for repairs and operations
There will be money to purchase new pipes, accessories, toolsand etc.
There will be money to pay people to work when voluntarismis over done already (No one can volunteer forever).
The Water Association has funds, the officers/members canmove and can do the things for benefit of the association ingeneral and the members in particular.
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DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING FUNDS
FOR WATER SYSTEM The WA cannot move immediately when the need arises
The WA officers have to spend their own money
The WA have to collect money from the member first
The WA have no money to use for the O & M of the Water
System
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SOURCES OF FUNDS
1. Membership Fees- These are one-time fees paid by each member uponjoining the association. This is not withdrawable, even if the member willwithdraw from the association.
2. Water Fees- These are free charged for the use of the water based on thehousehold volume of water consumed.
3. Fines- These amounts collected from the member/s who failed to meettheir obligations properly (ex. If the member did not come on thedesignated day to repair the broken pipes or other structural components,or if the member did not attend the meeting, etc.)
4. Cash Contributions- The village water system is repaired or improved at acertain cost. The WA does not have enough money so each household isasked to member is not available to provide labr.
5. Loans- The WA may borrow money (Long Term Loan) to improve or repairthe WS (Such Loans should be discussed and approved by the GeneralAssembly)
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COMMON PROBLEMS OFOPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE
(Water Supply System)
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Technical Problems
The tap (faucet) is broken and need repairs One tap has been stolen
The standpost is cracked and in danger of breakingup
The drainage channel is blocked
The soak away needs repair and stones have beentaken away
The meter box lock is broken and the cover hasbeen moved
No efforts has been made to keep the surroundingsclean, both for water source area, reservoirs andtap stands.
Leaks at the pipelines are evident
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Managerial Problems
Nobody has taken the responsibility for thestandpost
There is lack of motivation to look after thestandpost
The users lack basic skills for maintenance andrepairs
The children are undisciplined and play around the
supplyAnimals are allowed around the standpost
Washing and bathing is allowed at the standpost
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Community Problems No one is looking after the supply
No cement for the repair
No tools or spare parts for repair
No report that the meter box lock was broken
No key for the meter box
Parents allow their children to vandalize the supply
No arrangement for the users to contact the wateragency
No monthly water contribution for the cost of repair
Bad taste of water, so no collection from the systemare collected
Bad sites standpost so no one is looking after by thevillagers.
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Operation and Maintenance
Activities
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Daily Activities
At each standpost Unlock taps and open the valve on the service line
Check if the tap operates correctly
Check if the flow of water is normal
Attend to any dripping tap
Attend to any leaking valve
Clean the standpost platform, drain and
surroundings
Inspect standpost structure, platform and drain
(repair any cracks with cement mortar)
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Weekly Activities
Check at the Reservoir
For leaks;
The overflow is in good order;
Valves are in correct positions;
Clear water is flowing into the reservoir at the requiredrate.
Walk the route of the distribution pipeline
Check for pipeline leaks Check for disturbed sections of pipe (e.g. erosion)
Check valves are not leaking and correctly set
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Monthly Activities
Collect water contributions/fees Scheduled meeting
Inspect the pipeline after heavy rain and
control erosion around the pipes
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Annual or Semi-Annual
Inspect spring box and diversion trench
above the spring.
Check the perimeter fence
Check the walls of the spring for cracks
Check for the box cover, overflow pipes
Check for the surroundings
Maintain vegetation cover at the area
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Annual or Semi-Annual
Drain reservoir, clean and inspect
Check air release valves operate correctly Open wash-outs to flush pipeline
In the dry season, remove soak away stonesand clean pit before replacing the stones.
Take periodic water samples
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HOW DO WE OPERATE THE
COMPLETED SUB-PROJECT?
The community must form anorganization/association who will handle the
operation and management of the sub-project. The community will identify potential core group
members who will formulate policies, by-laws thatwill govern the operational and approved first by theGeneral Assembly.
Officers and members of the association to strictlyfollow the agreed policies and to impose sanctionsfor any violations committed.
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A water tariff is the rate at which users
are charged for water.
To set a water rate, a community needsto estimate the costs of running their
water supply and draw up the budget.
This is followed by deciding how muchand how often users need to pay to
match the budget.
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Users pay a flat rate per person, or per
household, for a public standpost or private
tap connection
In communities with significant difference
in water use and benefits, users may pay
different rates on a graded system
Connections are metered and users may
pay per household (private tap) or per user
group (public taps)
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Outline procedure for the selection of a water
supply and associated O&M
Choice of
technology
Initial degreeof community
management
Division of cost
Step Decisions Considerations
Is the technology &
Service level manageable,
Affordable and agreed
Between partners?
1
3
4
2
-Existing & potential sources-Users preference by gender-Service level-Skills & spare parts availability-Cost and reliability
sharing of management responsibilities
between partners capacity to organize/functions cost of management womens involvement
-users ability to pay
-users willingness to pay-availability of subsidies-other external financial support
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