operating manual dls-410b north american adsl2++ wireline ... · about this manual introduction 8 |...

P/N 71-002648 REV A

Operating Manual

DLS-410BNorth American ADSL2++ Wireline SimulatorJune 2007

Spirent Communications, Inc.26750 Agoura RoadCalabasas, CA91302 USA

Copyright© 2007 Spirent Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

All of the company names and/or brand names and/or product names referred to in this document, in particular, the name “Spirent” and its logo device, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Spirent plc and its subsidiaries, pending registration in accordance with relevant national laws. All other registered trademarks or trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Spirent Communications. The information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable, however, Spirent Communications assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in the document.

Limited WarrantySpirent Communications, Inc. (“Spirent”) warrants that its Products will conform to the description on the face of order, that it will convey good title thereto, and that the Product will be delivered free from any lawful security interest or other lien or encumbrance.

Spirent further warrants to Customer that hardware which it supplies and the tangible media on which it supplies software will be free from significant defects in materials and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months, except as otherwise noted, from the date of delivery (the “Hardware Warranty Period”), under normal use and conditions.

To the extent the Product is or contains software (“Software”), Spirent also warrants that, if properly used by Customer in accordance with the Software License Agreement, the Software which it supplies will operate in material conformity with the specifications supplied by Spirent for such Software for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of delivery (the “Software Warranty Period”). The “Product Warranty Period” shall mean the Hardware Warranty Period or the Software Warranty Period, as applicable. Spirent does not warrant that the functions contained in the Software will meet a specific requirement or that the operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Spirent shall have no warranty obligations whatsoever with respect to any Software which has been modified in any manner by Customer or any third party.

Defective Products and Software under warranty shall be, at Spirent's discretion, repaired or replaced or a credit issued to Customer's account for an amount equal to the price paid for such Product provided that: (a) such Product is returned to Spirent after first obtaining a return authorization number and shipping instructions, freight prepaid, to Spirent's location in the United States; (b) Customer provides a written explanation of the defect or Software failure claimed by Customer; and (c) the claimed defect actually exists and was not caused by neglect, accident, misuse, improper installation, improper repair, fire, flood, lightning, power surges, earthquake, or alteration. Spirent will ship repaired Products to Customer, freight prepaid, based on reasonable best efforts after the receipt of defective Products. Except as otherwise stated, any claim on account of defective materials or for any other cause whatsoever will conclusively be deemed waived by Customer unless written notice thereof is given to Spirent within the Warranty Period. Spirent reserves the right to change the warranty and service policy set forth above at any time, after reasonable notice and without liability to Customer.

TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED, AND THE LIABILITY OF SPIRENT, IF ANY, FOR DAMAGE RELATING TO ANY ALLEGEDLY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE ACTUAL PRICE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER FOR SUCH PRODUCT. THE PROVISIONS SET FORTH ABOVE STATE SPIRENT'S ENTIRE RESPONSIBILITY AND CUSTOMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY WITH RESPECT TO ANY BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY.

Contents

About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8How to Contact Us. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Involvement of Spirent Communications in Wireline Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12About DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Loop Topologies Available on the DLS-410B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15About the Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Chapter 2: Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Receiving and Unpacking the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Protective Grounding (Earthing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Before Operating the Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Power Supply Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Connections to a Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Class of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Operating the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Setup Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Cabling Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Front Panel Components and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Reading Remote and Power Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Connecting the DLS-411B to the DLS-412B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Injecting Noise in the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Connecting to Analog Devices with CF Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Connecting to Analog Devices with RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Back Panel Components and Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Connecting to Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Connecting to a Windows Computer (for Remote Control). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Chapter 3: DLS-410B Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33About the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

GPIB Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Computer Hardware and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

DLS-410B Operating Manual | 3

Contents

Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Starting the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Control Window Tabs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Accessing the Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Configuring the DLS-410B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Identifying Simulator Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Software Communication with the Wireline Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Configuring the Loop Length Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Selecting the Cable Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Selecting the Test Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Selecting the Loop Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Controlling the DLS-410B Noise Injection Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Configuring the Length of the DLS-410B Line Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Accessing Advanced Information About the Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Using the DLS Terminal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Chapter 4: System Compensation Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Accessing the System Compensation Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

HP 4395A Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Frequency Range Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

General Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Mean Absolute Error and Mean Error Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Connection Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Output and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Chapter 5: Remote Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Remote Control Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64IEEE 488 Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Supported Interface Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65IEEE 488 Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Service Request (SRQ) Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Message Terminators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Example Using the IEEE 488 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

RS-232 Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Message Terminators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Example Using the RS-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Command Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Device-Dependent Command Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

System Check Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73:SETting:CHANel:State<Normal|Bypass|Disconnect> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74:SETM1<String>/SETM2<String>/SETM3<String> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74:SourceA:Noise <ON|OFF> (DLS-411B only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82:SourceB:Noise <ON|OFF> (DLS-412B only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82:System:Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Common Command Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Status Reporting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4 | DLS-410B Operating Manual

Contents

Status Byte Register (STB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Event Status Register (ESR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

DLS-410B Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Chapter 6: Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Protecting Your Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Extended Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Three-Year Calibration Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Return Shipping Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Chapter 7: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Wireline Simulator Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Mechanical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Appendix A: Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Measurement of the DLS-410B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Common Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Appendix B: Background Noise Measurement Considerations. . . . . . . . . . 101

Appendix C: Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103DLS-410B Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104T1.417 Cable Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Straight Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Bridged Tap Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106ANSI #13 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108CSA #4 Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

G.996.1 Cable Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Straight Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114Bridged Tap Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116ANSI #13 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118CSA #4 Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121CSA #4 (Modified) Loop Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Appendix D: ESD Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127General Equipment Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Workstation Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128


About this Manual

In About this Manual...

• Introduction . . . . 8

• Related Documentation . . . . 8

• How to Contact Us . . . . 10


About this ManualIntroduction

IntroductionThis manual provides information on various aspects of the DLS-410B North American ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator, such as loop configurations, remote control, warranty, specifications, and contact information.

Read Chapter 2, “Getting Started,” thoroughly before powering up the DLS-410B.

Spirent Communications recommends you use the DLS-410B software to configure and control the wireline simulator. If you decide to develop custom test software, see Chapter 5, “Remote Control,” for common and device-specific command sets that can be sent to the wireline simulator’s control module through the IEEE 488 or RS-232 interfaces.

If you have any questions about the DLS-410B, please contact your Spirent Communications sales representative or a member of the Customer Service team. Contact information is located at “How to Contact Us” on page 10.

Related DocumentationAdditional documents related to this DLS-410B North American ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator Operating Manual are listed below:

• DLS-5500 Operating Manual




Specifications related to this manual are listed below:

• IEEE 488.1-1987, IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA)

• IEEE 488.2-1992, IEEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols, and Common Commands (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA)

• SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments, available from some interface controller manufacturers (SCPI Consortium, 8380 Hercules Drive, Suite P.S., La Mesa, CA 91942, Phone: (619) 697-8790, Fax: (619) 697-5955)

• ITU-T Recommendation G.996.1 (International Telecommunication Union, Place des Nations, CH1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland)

• ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.992.5, ADSL2plus specification (International Telecommunication Union, Place des Nations, CH1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland)


About this ManualRelated Documentation

• ANSI T1.417, Spectrum Management for Loop Transmissions System (American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, USA)

• DSL Forum TR-048, ADSL Interoperability Test Plan (DSL Forum, 39355 California Street, Suite 307 Fremont, CA 94538)

• DSL Forum TR-067, ADSL Interoperability Test Plan (DSL Forum, 39355 California Street, Suite 307 Fremont, CA 94538)

• DSL Forum TR-100 ADSL2plus Interoperability Test Plan (DSL Forum, 39355 California Street, Suite 307 Fremont, CA 94538)


About this ManualHow to Contact Us

How to Contact UsTo obtain technical support for any Spirent Communications product, please contact our Support Services department using any of the following methods:

Americas

E-mail: [email protected]: http://support.spirentcom.comToll Free: +1 800-SPIRENT (+1 800-774-7368) (US and Canada)Phone: +1 818-676-2616Fax: +1 818-880-9154Hours: Monday through Friday, 05:30 to 16:30, Pacific Time

Europe, Africa, Middle East

E-mail: [email protected]: http://support.spirentcom.comPhone: +33 (0) 1 61 37 22 70Fax: +33 (0) 1 61 37 22 51Hours: Monday through Thursday, 09:00 to 18:00, Friday, 09:00 to 17:00, Paris Time

Asia Pacific

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Company Address

Spirent Communications, Inc.26750 Agoura RoadCalabasas, CA 91302USA


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http://support.spirentcom.com




http://support.spirentcom.com.cn


http://support.spirentcom.com.cn

http://www.spirentcom.com

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Chapter 1

Introduction

In this chapter...

• Involvement of Spirent Communications in Wireline Simulation . . . . 12

• About DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulators . . . . 12

• About the Test Setup . . . . 17


Chapter 1: IntroductionInvolvement of Spirent Communications in Wireline Simulation

Involvement of Spirent Communications in Wireline SimulationThank you for choosing the Spirent Communications DLS-410B North American ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator.

In order to re-use the large installed base of ADSL equipment for revenue generation, local exchange carriers strive to achieve higher data rates and longer reach while maintaining operation with or minimizing replacement of existing equipment. Several potential improvements to the conventional ADSL transceiver systems have been identified in ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.992.5 (February 20, 2003) to better address higher data rates for short loops and longer reaches for high data rates. G.992.5 is also known as G.adslplus, ADSL2+, ADSL2++, or ADSL2plus. The term ADSL2++ is used in this manual.

The DLS-410B can simulate wireline loops based on two different standard cable model specifications: T1.417 (for ADSL2++ TR-100 requirements) and G.996.1 (for ADSL2, TR-67, and TR-048 requirements). For a list of the loop topologies that can be simulated, see “Loop Topologies Available on the DLS-410B” on page 15.

Spirent Communications developed the first ADSL2++ test solution for the North American market, consisting of the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator and the DLS-5200AP Noise Generation System.

About DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline SimulatorsThe DLS-410B is the second generation of the Spirent Communications ADSL2++ 410A Wireline Simulator system (formerly known as the DLS-410A). The DLS-410B addresses some changes incorporated into the finalized version of the DSL Forum standard for ADSL2+ testing – TR-100 (formerly known as WT-100). These changes include:

• The introduction of several new loops

• The addition of the Noise Injector during loop compensation

The DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator shown in Figure 1-1 on page 13 reproduces the AC and DC characteristics of twisted pair copper telephony cable using passive circuitry (R, L, and C). Thus attenuation, complex impedance, and velocity (propagation delay) of all wirelines are properly simulated.

The simulator shown in Figure 1-1 on page 13 is made of two chassis (DLS-411B and DLS-412B) that simulate all North American ADSL2plus test loops as specified in the G.992.5 ADSL2plus, TR-48, TR-67, and TR-100 specifications and provides two ports for external noise injection via the DLS 5200AP Noise Generation System. The DLS-410B offers micro-interruption capabilities, available when purchased with a DLS-5405 Noise Injector.


Chapter 1: IntroductionAbout DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulators

Figure 1-1. DLS-411B and DLS-412B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulators

The DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator simulates a Straight Loop, a Straight Loop with Bridged Tap, ANSI 13 and CSA 4 with the capability to vary the length of each line within the loops for ADSL2++ as well as for ADSL applications. The simulation of the cable models is selectable as per ANSI T1.417 or ITU-T G.996.1, thus providing increased flexibility for testing ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2++ equipment. The DLS-410B has a bandwidth of DC to 4.5 MHz.

The DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator and the DLS-5200AP Noise Generation System are an integrated system designed with all required loop models and noise files to support North American ADSL2++ testing. The simulator’s front panel interfaces can be connected to up to two noise sources and/or external test devices for easy integration into a larger test system as shown in Figure 1-2 on page 14.

DLS-412BNorth American ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator


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Figure 1-2. DLS-410B and DLS-5405 Interconnection

The DLS-410B software configures and controls the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator remotely through the IEEE 488 or RS-232 interfaces. The software runs on any Windows® 2000/XP compatible computer. The IEEE 488 and RS-232 interfaces allow the easy integration of these wireline simulators into a larger test system. You can also control the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator with scripts using SCPI commands provided by Spirent Communications.



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To ATU-C To ATU-RDLS-5405



Loop Topologies Available on the DLS-410B

This section provides details on the available loop technologies with the DLS-410B:

• Figure 1-3: Figure 1-3

• Figure 1-4: Figure 1-4

• Figure 1-5: “ANSI 13 Loop Topology” on page 16

• Figure 1-6: “CSA 4 Loop Topology” on page 16

Figure 1-3. Straight Loop Topology

Figure 1-4. Bridged Tap Loop Topology



Figure 1-5. ANSI 13 Loop Topology

Figure 1-6. CSA 4 Loop Topology


Chapter 1: IntroductionAbout the Test Setup

About the Test SetupThe ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.992.5 ADSL2plus specification was created by the ITU-T SG15 Q4 to identify ADSL2++ transceiver improvements that permit higher data rates for short loops and longer reach for high data rates.

For the North American ADSL2++ market, several contributions were made to the ITU-T. These proposals were submitted during the DC-048R2 Contributions to ITU-T SG15 Q4. These contributions proposed specific metallic loops and crosstalk disturbers in order to initialize definitions of the ADSL2++ physical layer testing criteria. Their proposal is similar in concept to G.adslplus but extends the ADSL2+ bandwidth to 4.5 MHz.

The DLS-410B provides all loop simulation requirements as presented by the ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.992.5 ADSL2plus specification. The DLS-5200AP Noise Generation System with the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator allows you to add a wide variety of noise profiles to the line and test telecommunications transmission systems. The Spirent TestCenter™ application provides the traffic generation/analysis.

This test setup ensures that the device under test (DUT) will pass ITU-T certification testing. The DLS-410B and DLS-5200AP system is the most comprehensive and accurate test bed available for ADSL2++ applications and noises on North American wirelines.

Figure 1-7 on page 18 illustrates an example of a typical test setup using the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator.


Chapter 1: IntroductionAbout the Test Setup

Figure 1-7. Example Test System Setup

Traffic Generation and AnalysisSMB 20/2000 System or Spirent TestCenter

Wireline SimulationDLS-410B System

Physical Layer Test Setupfor North American ADSL2+, ADSL2++, and TR-100, including

Wireline Simulation, Noise Generation,Traffic Generation, and Analysis

ADSL2+and

ADSL2++

ADSL2+and

ADSL2++

DLS-5200 AP System

DLS-412BDLS-411B


Chapter 2

Getting Started

This chapter provides basic instructions on the setup of a DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator system.

Note: Read this chapter thoroughly before powering up your DLS-410B.

In this chapter...

• Receiving and Unpacking the Unit . . . . 20

• Safety Information . . . . 20

• Safety Instructions . . . . 21

• Setup Overview . . . . 24

• Cabling Requirements . . . . 25

• Front Panel Components and Connections . . . . 25

• Back Panel Components and Connections . . . . 29


Chapter 2: Getting StartedReceiving and Unpacking the Unit

Receiving and Unpacking the UnitEach DLS-410B chassis is shipped in a reinforced shipping container. Please retain this container in case you need to ship the wireline simulator to another location or for repair.

The DLS-410B system contains the following:

• DLS-411B (chassis 1) and DLS-412B (chassis 2)

• One power cord per chassis

• Two extra fuses per chassis

• Three RJ-45 blue unshielded twisted pair (UTP) interconnection cables

• One RS–232C interconnection cable per chassis

• One IEEE 488 interconnection cable per chassis

• One IEEE 488 reverser per chassis

• DLS-410B software

• DLS-410B Operating Manual on CD

Check that you have received all the items on the list and report any discrepancies to Spirent Communications.

Safety Information

Protective Grounding (Earthing)

This unit consists of an exposed metal chassis that must connect directly to a ground (earth) via a protective grounding conductor in the power cord. The symbol used to indicate a protective grounding conductor terminal in the equipment is shown on page 23.

Before Operating the Unit

• Inspect the equipment for any signs of damage and read this manual thoroughly.

• Become familiar with all safety symbols and instructions in this manual to ensure that the equipment is used and maintained safely.

Warning: To avoid risk of injury or death, ALWAYS observe the following precautions before operating the unit:

• Use only a power supply cord with a protective grounding terminal.

• Connect the power supply cord only to a power outlet equipped with a protective earth contact. Never connect to an extension cord that is not equipped with this feature.


Chapter 2: Getting StartedSafety Instructions

• Do not interrupt the protective earth connection.

• The protective conductor terminal must be attached to the mains supply earth.

• The maximum input to the unit should not exceed +37 dBm and should not exceed ± 200 Vdc and 125 mA.

! Caution: When lifting or moving the unit, be careful not to apply any pressure to the plas-tic grid which is located on the bottom of the chassis, toward the front right corner. Lift the chassis by gripping it on both sides at the bottom; do not to touch the plastic grid.

Power Supply Requirements

The unit can operate from any single phase AC power source that supplies between 100V and 240V (±10%) at a frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz.

Warning: To avoid electrical shock, do not operate the equipment if it shows any sign of damage to any portion of its exterior surface, such as the outer casting or panels.

Fuses

Type ‘T’ 2A/250V Slow Blow (two are required, 5 mm x 20 mm)

Connections to a Power Supply

In accordance with international safety standards, the unit uses a three-wire power supply cord. When connected to an appropriate AC power receptacle, this cord grounds the equipment chassis.

Class of Equipment

The simulator consists of an exposed metal chassis that is connected directly to earth via the power supply cord. In accordance with HARMONIZED EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61010-1:1993, it is classified as Safety Class I equipment.

Warning: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Safety InstructionsThe following safety instructions must be observed whenever the unit is operated, serviced, or repaired. Failing to comply with any of these instructions or with any precaution or warning contained in this manual is in direct violation of the standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the equipment. Spirent Communications assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with any of these requirements.



Operating the Unit

• Do not operate the equipment when its covers or panels have been removed.

• Do not interrupt the protective grounding connection. Any such action can lead to a potential shock hazard that could result in serious personal injury.

• Do not operate equipment if an interruption to the protective grounding is suspected. Ensure that the instrument remains inoperative.

• Use only the type of fuse specified.

• Do not use repaired fuses and avoid any situation that could short circuit the fuse.

• Unless absolutely necessary, do not attempt to adjust or perform any maintenance or repair procedure when the equipment is opened and connected to a power source at the same time. Any such procedure should only be performed by a qualified service professional.

• Do not attempt any adjustment, maintenance or repair procedure to the equipment if first aid is not accessible.

• Disconnect the power supply cord from the equipment before adding or removing any components.

• Do not operate the equipment in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.

• Do not perform any operating or maintenance procedure that is not described in the Operating Manual.

• Some of the equipment’s capacitors may be charged even when the equipment is not connected to the power source.



Symbols

Figure 2-1 shows the safety symbols that may appear on the unit.

Figure 2-1. Symbols

EQUIPOTENTIALITY–FUNCTIONALEARTH TERMINAL

PROTECTIVE GROUNDINGCONDUCTOR TERMINAL

CAUTION - REFER TO ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS


Chapter 2: Getting StartedSetup Overview

Setup OverviewRefer to Figure 1-2 on page 14 for DLS-410B and DLS-5405 chassis interconnections.

To set up a test:

1 Connect the power cord to both chassis of the DLS-410B and switch the power on.2 Set up the right mains voltage of the DLS-5405 power supply.

(Refer to the DLS-5405 Operating Manual for details.)3 Connect the external power supply to the DLS-5405 and switch its power on.4 Connect a serial cable between the DB-25 female connector of the DLS-5405 and

DLS-5500. (Refer to the respective operating manuals for how to connect the DLS-5405 to the DLS-5500.)

5 Ensure that both of the DLS-410B chassis have different IEEE 488 addresses, if you are using IEEE 488 control.

6 Connect an IEEE 488 reverser to the IEEE 488 port on the back of both the DLS-411B and the DLS-412B chassis, if you are using IEEE 488 control

7 Connect an IEEE 488 cable from the computer to the DLS-411B and connect a second IEEE 488 cable from the DLS-411B to the DLS-412B, if you are using IEEE 488 con-trol. If you are using serial cables to both chassis, connect the first computer serial port to the DLS-411B and the second serial port to the DLS-412B.

Note: Only one DLS-410B system should be connected to the control computer at a time.

8 Connect Side B of the DLS-411B to Side A of the DLS-412B using the supplied blue UTP 2 ft cable.

9 Connect Side A of the DLS-411B to Side A Wireline of the DLS-5405 using the supplied blue UTP 2 ft cable.

10 Connect Side B of the DLS-412B to Side B Wireline of the DLS-5405 using the supplied blue UTP 2 ft cable.

11 Connect your digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) equipment to Side A DUT of the DLS-5405.

12 Connect your customer premise equipment (CPE) to Side B DUT of the DLS-5405.13 Start the DLS-410B software.

(Refer to the DLS-5405 and DLS-5500 Operating Manuals for instructions on how to control the DLS-5405 from the DLS-5500).

14 Click the Online button to connect the software to the DLS-410B.15 Select the test loop and adjust the line lengths for the desired test loop.

(See the DLS-5500 Operating Manual for how to select the desired impairments.)


Chapter 2: Getting StartedCabling Requirements

Cabling RequirementsCabling, switches, and other equipment are needed to connect the DSLAM, the loop simulator, the noise generator, and the CPE. Cables should be kept as short as possible so minimum noise is coupled into the cables. Recommended cables are the CAT5 UTP. Because the length is typically short (e.g., 2 feet), measurements are not affected.

Computer screens and power supplies radiate in ADSL2++ frequency bands. This noise may be generated by either internal or external power supplies. When the pick-up noise levels are greater than -140 dBm /Hz, they limit the ADSL2++ performance and influence the test results. These devices should be either placed at a distance from the test setup or switched off.

Side A and Side B interconnection wiring should be physically separated because crosstalk can occur between cabling. Configure the cables so that they are not touching and separate the cables connecting to the DSLAM and CPE as much as possible (at least 6 inches).

Front Panel Components and ConnectionsThe DLS-411B and DLS-412B together simulate all of the test loops as per Figure 1-3 on page 15 through Figure 1-6 on page 16. The connections on the front panel are used to connect to the DLS-5405 Noise Injector. The DUTs are connected to the Noise Injector. The front panel also has two LEDs that indicate the power and remote status. Figure 2-3 on page 26 displays the key components of the front panel.

Note: The front panel states the connectors’ input requirements of “+37 dBm Max” (referring to Section E.4.1 of G.test, where a signal of +36 dBm at 400 Hz may be used as a howler signal) and of “±200VDC Max”.


Chapter 2: Getting StartedFront Panel Components and Connections

Figure 2-2. DLS-410B Wireline Simulator Front Panel (Above/Below Setup)

Figure 2-3. DLS-410B Wireline Simulator Front Panel (Side by Side Setup)

The DLS-411B and DLS-412B Front Panel components are listed in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Front Panel Components

Component Description

Side A, RJ-45 connector Used to connect a noise injector (for the DLS-411B) or a second chassis (the DLS-412B)

Side A, balanced CF connector Connected in parallel to the Side A RJ-45 connector

NA, RJ-45 connector Not used

NB, RJ-45 connector Not used



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NA NB

NA NB

Remote

Side BSide A

Side BSide A

Power

Remote

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

8

9

9



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NA NBNA NBSide A Side B



Reading Remote and Power Status

The DLS-411B and DLS-412B chassis have two LEDs that indicate the power and remote status.

• POWER LED: turns green when the power is turned on. The POWER LED blinks red if it fails its self-test or lights solid red if it detects an internal error.

• REMOTE LED: off after a power-up or a reset. When the unit receives the first remote message, the REMOTE LED turns green if the command is valid or turns red if an error is detected. An invalid command or an out-of-range value causes an error. The REMOTE LED stays red until the error flags are cleared (see the *ESR? command for more details). When the REMOTE LED is red, the unit can still communicate as normal, but you should investigate why the error occurred. Chapter 5, “Remote Control,” shows examples on how to read the ESR register, clear the error flags, and reset the REMOTE LED to green after the error conditions have been resolved.

Connecting the DLS-411B to the DLS-412B

To simulate ADSL2++ test loops, you need to connect two chassis together. The DLS-410B system is a combined two-chassis system.

Note: The software does not accept any single chassis of the DLS-411B or DLS-412B.

Connect Side B of the DLS-411B to side A of the DLS-412B, using the RJ-45 cable that is provided with the DLS-412B wireline simulator package. See “Connecting to Analog Devices with RJ-45 Connectors” on page 29 for RJ-45 connector details.

Side B, balanced CF connector Connected in parallel to the Side B RJ-45 connector

Side B, RJ-45 connector Used to connect a noise injector (for the DLS-412B) or a second chassis (the DLS-411B)

REMOTE LED Indicates the remote status

POWER LED Indicates the power status

Inactive Ports –

Table 2-1. Front Panel Components (continued)

Component (continued) Description



Injecting Noise in the System

Following the setup shown in Figure 1-2 on page 14 and the instructions in “Setup Overview” on page 24, you can inject externally generated noise using the DLS-5405 Noise Injector. Refer to the DLS-5405 and DLS-5500 Operating Manuals for details.

The DLS-5200AP Noise Generation System can generate both user-defined and pre-packaged noise shapes. It provides convenient noise injection circuitry for any of the test loops. For more information on the DLS-5200AP, see the operating manual that comes with the product.

Connecting to Analog Devices with CF Connectors

The CF connector is a balanced 3-pin (ring, tip, ground) connector.

Note: It is possible to use banana plugs instead of the CF connector, but the distance between the pins is not the 0.75 inch spacing used in North America.

The DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator provides bi-directional wireline simulation.

Figure 2-4 shows a CF plug. Note that the three prongs are spaced unevenly. You can use banana plugs if the correctly spaced CF connector is not available.

Figure 2-4. CF Plug

Warning: The maximum input to the DLS-410B should not exceed ±200 V between Tip and Ring and 125 mA. Exceeding these limits could damage the unit.


Chapter 2: Getting StartedBack Panel Components and Connections

Connecting to Analog Devices with RJ-45 Connectors

The pinout of the RJ-45 female connector is shown in Figure 2-5. The signal is carried on Pins 4 (Tip) and 5 (Ring) of the RJ-45 connectors, which are the center two pins.

Figure 2-5. RJ-45 Female Connector

Note: RJ-11 male connectors can also mate to RJ-45 female receptacles.

These connections are balanced. Spirent Communications recommends that these leads be shorter than 60 cm for frequencies up to 4.5 MHz. It is possible to use longer leads as the frequency decreases.

Warning: The maximum input to the DLS-410B should not exceed ±200 V between Tip and Ring and 125 mA. Exceeding these limits could damage the unit.

Back Panel Components and ConnectionsThe connections on the rear panel are used for remote control and power. Figure 2-6 shows the key components of the rear panel.

Figure 2-6. DLS-410B Wireline Simulator Back Panel

4

123

5 6

7



The DLS 411B and DLS-412B Back Panel components are listed in Table 2-2.

Connecting to Power

Each of the two DLS-410B chassis are built with a two-fuse configuration. Refer to Chapter 9, “Safety,” for more details.

Connect the power input, found at the back of each of the two DLS-410B chassis, to an AC line with a voltage between 100 and 240 VRMS ±10% and a frequency of 50 to 60 Hz. The DLS-410B can work with any voltage and frequency in this range; switch settings are not required.

When powered off, the DLS-410B remains latched to the previously selected loop settings. This allows the unit to be used when power is turned off.

Connecting to a Windows Computer (for Remote Control)

You configure the DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator remotely via a computer connected to either an IEEE 488 or an RS-232 interface on the rear panel of the simulator.

There are two options available to control the DLS-410B:

• Spirent Communications DLS-410B software or

• Custom software / scripting using command sets

The DLS-410B software allows you to select the simulated length of the wireline loops and bridged taps. If you are developing custom control software, refer to Chapter 5, “Remote Control,” which discusses the commands to configure the unit.

Table 2-2. Back Panel Components

Component Description

IEEE 488 Connector Use to connect to a computer for remote control

RS–232 (DCE) Serial Connector

Use to connect to a computer for remote control

IEEE 488 Address DIP Switch Use to set a unique address for the unit

Power Supply Power

Power Switch Use to turn power to the unit on or off

Power Input Use to connect to an AC power source

Fuse Box Use for fuse replacement when required



Connecting the Computer via the Serial Port (RS-232)

Connect one end of an RS-232 serial cable to the RS-232 connector located on the back panel of the DLS-411B chassis and the other end to a serial COM port connector on the computer. Connect one end of an RS-232 serial cable to the RS-232 connector located on the back panel of the DLS-412B chassis and the other end to a serial COM port connector on the computer.

The DLS-410B software can be set to connect to serial port COM1 to COM9. Ensure that there is no conflict with other serial devices.

Connecting the Computer via the IEEE 488 Port (GPIB)

Note: The IEEE 488 portion of the control software supplied by Spirent Communications only works with a National Instruments™ IEEE 488 interface card. If necessary, install the National Instruments IEEE 488 interface card in the computer. Refer to National Instruments documentation for information on how to install the NI card.

Connect the IEEE port on the DLS-411B to the IEEE port on the DLS-412B with the IEEE cable provided. Connect the other end of the IEEE 488 cable to the IEEE 488 interface card in the computer.

No two units on the same IEEE bus can have the same IEEE 488 address. In association with the system, the DLS-411B and DLS-412B can use any two valid IEEE 488 addresses (from 0 to 30). To change the address, use the DIP switch on the back of the unit. For more information see “IEEE 488 Interface” on page 65. Table 2-3 lists the weighting of the switches.

Figure 2-7 shows the default switch setting: set to address 14 (i.e. 0+8+4+2+0=14) for the DLS-411B and 15 for the DLS-412B.

Figure 2-7. Default Switch Setting

Table 2-3. DIP Switch Weightings

DIP Switch Weighting

AD5 16

AD4 8

AD3 4

AD2 2

AD1 1

Address 15Address 141

0

5 4 3 2 1


Chapter 3

DLS-410B Software

In this chapter...

• About the Software . . . . 34

• Installing the Software . . . . 36

• Configuring the DLS-410B . . . . 44


Chapter 3: DLS-410B SoftwareAbout the Software

About the SoftwareThe DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator has its own control software. This chapter details the DLS-410B software options for controlling these simulators.

Note: The DLS-410B system is a combined two-chassis system. The software does not accept a single DLS-411B or a DLS-412B chassis.

GPIB Settings

If you connect the computer to the simulator via the IEEE 488 (GPIB) port, you must install the National Instruments PCI-GPIB or PCMCIA-GPIB card and its associated software on your computer. Follow the instructions in this section to ensure your GPIB setup is correct.

Board-Level Configuration

To set up the GPIB board-level configuration:

1 Select Start > Programs > National Instruments > Measurement and Automation. The Measurement & Automation Explorer that is installed with the National Instruments software opens (Figure 3-1).

Figure 3-1. Measurement & Automation Explorer


Chapter 3: DLS-410B SoftwareAbout the Software

2 Right-click on the GPIB interface and set the default parameters:a Disable automatic serial pollingb Disable high-speed data transfersc Enable the system controllerd Enable “Assert REN when SC”e Enable “Send EOI at end of write”f Set the I/O time-out to be at least 10 seconds.

If the time-out is less than the typical time the command takes to complete, then the function returns while the command is still executing.

For more information, refer to the National Instruments device-specific documentation and on-line help.

Computer Hardware and Software Requirements

The following requirements are necessary to configure and control a simulator through either the serial port or IEEE 488 interface:

• If you are using the DLS-410B software (provided with the unit): • a computer running a version of the Windows® based operating system• a National Instruments PCI-GPIB or PCMCIA-GPIB card and two IEEE 488

cablesOR

• two RS-232C serial ports and two RS-232C serial cablesThe DLS-410B software provided by Spirent Communications allows the DLS-410B units to be controlled either through an RS-232 or IEEE 488 interface. See the release notes of the DLS-410B software for a current list of the supported versions of Windows.

• If you are using custom software to send commands over the RS-232 or IEEE 488 port, see Chapter 5, “Remote Control,” for details about commands.


Chapter 3: DLS-410B SoftwareInstalling the Software

Installing the Software

To install the software:

1 Insert the DLS-410B Software Installation CD in the computer CD drive. The Setup Wizard is displayed if the autorun function is enabled (in Windows). Or, if the Setup Wizard does not appear –a Click the Start buttonb Click Runc Type <drive>: \setup to start the Installation Wizard.

For example, if the CD-ROM is the E drive, type E:\setup. 2 Follow the Installation Wizard instructions.

Note: You are given the option to install the DLS Terminal after the DLS-410 software has been installed. It is recommended that you install the DLS Terminal by clicking the Install DLS Terminal checkbox shown in Figure 3-2. The DLS Terminal is a useful tool for sending and receiving commands to and from each of the simulator units.

3 Click Finish to close the Installer.

Figure 3-2. Final Screen for DLS-410B Software Installation



Starting the Software

Start the software in either of these ways:

1 Navigate to the program executable file in the default installation folder: C:/Program Files/Spirent Communications/DLS 410B/DLS410B.exe.

2 Right-click on the file name to create a shortcut to your desktop.3 Double-click the icon to open the DLS-410B main window.

OR –

1 Click the Start button.2 Select Program Files > Spirent Communications > DLS 410B > DLS 410B.

The DLS-410B main window appears.

Control Window Tabs

The DLS-410B control window includes these tabs:

• System Properties tab – active in the DLS-410B by default. To access system properties at any time, click the tab title. (Figure 3-3 on page 38 through Figure 3-5 on page 40.)

• System Compensation tab – for performing system compensation (Figure 3-6 on page 41).

• Communication Settings tab – for setting the communication interface (Figure 3-7 on page 42).



Figure 3-3. System Properties Tab - All Loops (Uncompensated) is Selected

Command Logs area – lists the control commands being sent from the control computer to the wireline simulator

This area graphically displays the simulated loop



Figure 3-4. System Properties Tab - Standards-Based Loops (Compensated) is Selected



Figure 3-5. System Properties Tab - Custom Loops (Compensated) is Selected



Figure 3-6 shows the DLS-410B window with the System Compensation tab active.

Figure 3-6. System Compensation Tab



Figure 3-7 shows the DLS-410B window with the Communication Settings tab active.

Figure 3-7. DLS-410B Control Software - Communication Settings Tab



Accessing the Advanced Settings

Click the Advanced button in the My System area (upper right) of the main DLS-410B window to open the Advanced Dialog box (Figure 3-8). This dialog box contains information that may be required for troubleshooting or use it to reset the unit.

Note: The Advanced Dialog box can only be accessed when the GUI is in Online mode.

Figure 3-8. Advanced Dialog Box


Chapter 3: DLS-410B SoftwareConfiguring the DLS-410B

Configuring the DLS-410BYou can vary up to six segments that represent the wireline length settings of the system depending on the loop as shown in Figure 1-3 on page 15 through Figure 1-6 on page 16. The simulator reconfigures dynamically as you change values in the software.

Identifying Simulator Connection

In the DLS-410B - Communication Interface window, set the fields as follows:

• Unit SelectionClick the down arrow and select the chassis whose communication properties you wish to set from the drop-down list. The options are: 411B and 412B.

• Communication InterfaceClick the down arrow and select the appropriate connection type between the selected chassis and the computer from the drop-down list. Your choice affects the GPIB Address/ComPort field. The options are: GPIB (IEEE 488.2) or Serial (RS-232).

• GPIB Address If you selected IEEE 488 in the Communication Interface field, click the down arrow and select the appropriate IEEE 488 (GPIB port) address of the simulator you wish to configure from the drop-down list. The options are: 1- 30. The default IEEE 488 address is 14. Factory address settings for the DLS-411B and the DLS-412B are 14 and 15, respectively.OR

• ComPortIf you selected Serial in the Communication Interface field, click the down arrow and select the appropriate serial port (RS-232 port) address of the simulator you wish to configure from the drop-down list. Your choices are: 1- 9. The default RS-232 address settings for the DLS-411B and the DLS-412B are 1 and 2, respectively.

Note: The software does not allow control of multiple DLS-410B units via the IEEE 488 interface.

Software Communication with the Wireline Simulator

Click the Go Online button in the My System area (upper right) of the DLS-410B main window to start communication between the software interface and the DLS-410B system.

No other unit, besides the DLS-410B, can be connected to the system when you start the communication. For example, if you try to connect DLS-400E3 units to the system, a message box appears with the error message “Errors occurred while connecting with the target system.” The system remains in Offline mode.



If an incorrect communication interface or address was selected on the Communication Settings tab, this error message appears: “Errors occurred while connecting with the target system.”

The single unit of DLS-411B or DLS-412B cannot be connected to the system. If you try to connect a single DLS-411B unit or a single DLS-412B unit to the system, the following message appears: “The DLS-410B system is a combined two-chassis system. The software does not accept any single chassis of DLS-411B or DLS-412B.” The system remains in Offline mode.

Click the Go Offline button to disconnect the software interface from the wireline simulator.

Configuring the Loop Length Mode

In the Loop Mode Selection area of the System Properties tab, the values you set allow you to use a compensated or non-compensated loop length.

Loop Mode Selection

Click the appropriate radio button for the desired loop length mode. The options are:

• All Loops (Uncompensated) uses factory default settings.

• Custom Loops (Compensated) uses the compensated values from a CSV file located under the cust directory in the DLS-410B control software directory: C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\cust. Using this mode enables the Browse button; you must select a compensation file for this particular unit (see Figure 3-5 on page 40).

• Standards-Based Loops (Compensated) uses the compensation file to set standards-based loop lengths. Using this mode enables the Browse button; you must select a compensation file for this particular unit (see Figure 3-4 on page 39). The standards-based file is located in the following directory:C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\comp.

Note: The Browse button is only available when Compensated Loop has been selected in the Loop Mode Selection field. Use this button to navigate to the appropriate previously saved compensation file for the unit to be controlled.

Compensation files are in a CSV format and can be used with any standard or custom loop to ensure the Mean Absolute Error for that loop is less than 0.5 dB. Compensation files are one of the following types:

• Factory Compensation Files - These CSV files are shipped on diskette with the DLS-410B unit and should be saved on the control PC. A custom loop file and a standards-based loop file are provided.

• System Compensation Results File - This file can be standards-based or custom.



Standards-Based Loops (Compensated) File

This file contains 241 standard loops and is compatible with DLS-410B v1.0 software. The DLS-410B software by default saves this file in the \comp directory within the working directory. If the working directory of the DLS-410B software is C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B, the compensation file is saved in the C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\comp directory. The compensation file name is time and date stamped.

The file name also contains the serial number of the system. as an example: DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2007_02_06-09_07_06-Comp.csv, where

• DL43726_DL43723 represents the serial numbers of the DLS-411B and DLS-412B chassis, respectively. The serial numbers in the compensation results file must match the serial numbers of the connected units.

• 2007_02_06 represents the date that the system was compensated: Feb 6/2007.

• 09_07_06 represents the time of day the system compensation test was started: 09:07:06 am, 9 (hours), 7 (minutes), 6 (seconds)

• -Comp indicates that this is a standards-based compensation file. Only complete compensation results can be used with the DLS-410B software. Incomplete tests contain the suffix -Incomplete in the name, for example: DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2007_02_05-10_22_10-Comp-Incomplete.csv

Custom Loops (Compensated) File

This file contains several thousand compensated loop segments and contains all the optimized settings for each loop segment L1-L6 that are not part of the standards-based loops. The DLS-410B software by default saves this file in the \cust directory within the working directory. For example, if the working directory of the DLS-410B software is C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B, the compensation file is saved in the C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\cust directory. The compensation file name is time and date stamped. The file name also contains the serial number of the system.

For example: DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2007_02_06-09_07_06-Cust.csv, where

• DL43726_DL43723 represents the serial numbers of the DLS-411B and DLS-412B chassis, respectively. The serial numbers in the compensation results file must match the serial numbers of the connected units.

• 2007_02_06 represents the date that the system was compensated: Feb 6/2007.

• 09_07_06 represents the time of day the system compensation test was started: 09:07:06 am, 9 (hour), 7 (minute), 6 (second).



Selecting the Cable Model

Select the cable simulation model in the Cable Model area of the System Properties tab (refer to Figure 3-3 on page 38).

Click the radio button for the desired cable simulation model. The options are:

• T1.417 (default) – Select this model when performing ADSL2++ testing.This option is the standard cable model specified by the ADSL2++ standard G.992.5, which specifies the R, L, C, and G parameters of the cable.

• G.996.1 – Select this model when performing TR-048 and or TR-067 testing. This option is the standard cable model specified by the TR-048 and TR-067 standard, which specifies the R, L, C, and G parameters of the cable.

Selecting the Test Loop

Select one of the Loop Types from the drop-down box in the Loop Navigation area of the System Properties tab. (Refer to Figure 3-3 on page 38).

The Loop Type options are:

• Straight loop (default)

• Bridged Tap

• ANSI 13 (standard)

• ANSI 13 (Modified 1)

• ANSI 13 (Modified 2)

• CSA4 (standard)

Your choice affects all fields in the Wireline Length(s) area.

Once a loop is selected from the Loop Types field, the Wireline Length(s) area is filled with the standard lengths for wireline segments L1, L2, etc. The lengths of these segments can be adjusted to create a custom (non-standard) loop. Note that custom loops are not compensated using the compensation file. Once a custom loop has been created, the Go To Loop Navigation button appears (see Figure 3-5 on page 40).



Selecting the Loop Simulation

Select a loop simulation mode in the Loop Simulation area of the System Properties tab. Click the radio button for the desired loop simulation. The options are:

• Normal (default) - Includes the two-chassis wireline simulator in the circuit (with the line segment lengths set in the Wireline Length field).

• Bypass - Bypasses the two-chassis wireline simulator in the test system (short circuit between A of the DLS-411B and B of the DLS-412B).

• Disconnect - Disconnects the two-chassis wireline simulator from the test system (open circuit between A of the DLS-411B and B of the DLS-412B).

Controlling the DLS-410B Noise Injection Ports

If noise is applied directly to the DLS-410B, the software acknowledges the introduction of two external noise sources via the selected chassis’ front panel RJ-45 ports NA and NB. In the External Noise Injection area of the System Properties tab, the following options allow you to switch these ports ON or OFF:

• (Noise) Source ASelect this checkbox to switch the NA port of the DLS-411B ON. Clear this checkbox to switch the port OFF. The default setting is OFF (disabled).

• (Noise) Source BSelect this checkbox to switch the NB port of the DLS-412B ON. Clear this checkbox to switch the port OFF. The default setting is OFF (disabled).

For a setup as shown in Figure 1-2 on page 14, the two checkboxes must be OFF.

Configuring the Length of the DLS-410B Line Segments

The DLS-410B configures the length of the line segments L1 - L6 in the Wireline Length(s) area of the System Properties tab. The values you set in the following fields are dynamically reflected in the loop diagram shown in the window. When you change the length of one or more segments, distances in both units are reset. Changing lengths in this area creates a custom loop and enables the Go to Loop Navigation button.

• Go to Loop NavigationThis button is only available when a custom loop has been created. Click the button to choose standard loop types in the Loop Navigation area.

• Segment (L1 to L6)L1 to L6 appear on the screen, depending on which loop type is selected.

• Cable TypeDisplays the appropriate cable type for each line segment as required by the test loop selected in the Loop Types field.



• Current Length (ft)Click the up or down arrows to select the desired cable length in feet for each line segment or type directly in the field.

Note: To set the entire loop length to zero, set the Loop Simulation field to Bypass to bypass the unit, thus simulating 0 feet.

• Loop TypesThe options are: a Straight loop (segment 1 is displayed)

– L1 - 26 AWG (default setting of 9000 ft, ranging from 0 to 23000 ft, allowing incremental settings of 50 ft)

b Bridged Tap (two segments L1 and L2 are displayed)– L1 - 26 AWG (default setting of 9000 ft, ranging from 0 to 23000 ft, allowing

incremental settings of 50 ft)– L2 - 24 AWG (default setting of 0 ft, ranging from 0, 50 to 1500 ft, allowing

incremental settings of 10 ft from 50 to 1500 ft) c ANSI 13 (standard/modified 1/modified 2) loop (six segments L1 - L6 are

displayed)– L1 - 26 AWG (default setting of 9000 ft for ANSI standard, 1000 ft for

modified 1, 2000 ft for modified 2, ranging from 0 to 9000 ft, allowing incremental settings of 50 ft)


– L3 - 26 AWG (default setting of 1500 ft, ranging from 0, 50 to 1500 ft, allowing incremental settings of 10 ft from 50 to 1500 ft)


– L5 - 26 AWG (default setting of 1500 ft, ranging from 0, 50 to 1500 ft, allowing incremental settings of 10 ft from 50 to 1500 ft)


d CSA 4 (standard) loop (five segments L1 - L5 are displayed)– L1 - 26 AWG (default setting of 550 ft, ranging from 0 to 550 ft, allowing


incremental settings of 10 ft from 50 to 400 ft)– L3 - 26 AWG (default setting of 6250 ft, ranging from 0 to 6250 ft, allowing


incremental settings of 10 ft from 50 to 800 ft)




• Range (ft)Displays the minimum and maximum values of line length in feet as required by the test loop selected in the Loop Types field.

Accessing Advanced Information About the Unit

Click the Advanced button in the DLS-410B main window, to open the Advanced dialog box. The Advanced dialog box provides more information about the unit, primarily for troubleshooting purposes. The Advanced dialog box can only be opened in Online mode.

The Wireline Card area displays the following information about the wireline cardsin the unit:

• Slot #Displays the wireline slot numbers from 1 to 29.

• Card IDDisplays wireline card ID number in each slot.

• StatusOK information in each slot indicates that the proper line card is in each slot.

The Communication Settings area displays the following information about the system’s interface settings:

• InterfaceDisplays the current interface type between the unit and the control computer. The field can display: IEEE 488 or Serial.

• Interface AddressDisplays the interface address.

The General Settings area displays information about the system.

• System ErrorDisplays the results of the system self-check. A “0” indicates no error, and a “1” indicates an error. If an error has occurred, contact Spirent Communications Customer Support.

• Firmware ChecksumDisplays a number that indicates the firmware revision.

• Last Calibration DateDisplays the date of the last calibration.

• Calibration Due DateDisplays the due date for the next calibration.



Using the DLS Terminal

The DLS Terminal is included with the DLS-410B software. This tool allows you to send commands and receive responses directly from the unit.

Choose Start > Programs > Spirent Communications > DLS Terminal > DLSTerminal to open the DLS Terminal. Figure 3-9 shows the DLS Terminal main window

Figure 3-9. DLS Terminal Window

To connect to a unit, choose the communication interface for the unit, and click the Attach button. Commands and queries can be typed in the terminal window, and the response is displayed on the screen.

Only one terminal window can be connected to one unit at a time. To connect to both the DLS-411B and the DLS-412B simultaneously, you must open two terminal windows, and connect one window to the DLS-411B and the other window to the DLS-412B.

Note: The Attach button located here. It is not shown as enabled in this image.


Chapter 4

System Compensation Tests

In this chapter...

• Overview . . . . 54

• Required Equipment . . . . 54

• Accessing the System Compensation Software . . . . 55

• General Procedure . . . . 56

• Mean Absolute Error and Mean Error Measurements . . . . 58

• Connection Accessories . . . . 58

• Output and Results . . . . 59


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsOverview

OverviewThe DLS-410B software contains system compensation measurement functionality.

A system compensation test is an automated test that measures the actual attenuation for all standard and custom loops on the DLS-410B. The loops are then compensated to a length such that the mean absolute error (MAE) for each loop is < 0.5 dB, and the mean error (ME) is minimized over the frequency range specified. These compensated length settings are then stored in a results file, along with the MAE and ME values for all loops. Compensated length settings then can be automatically applied in the GUI by choosing a Compensated Loop under the Loop Mode Selection area and selecting the appropriate results file. Automated scripts can also apply compensation by using the results files to determine length settings.

Required EquipmentThe system compensation test requires the following equipment:

• DLS-410B Wireline Simulator

• DLS-5200AP Noise Generation System

• Agilent (HP) 4395A Spectrum/Network Analyzer

• 2 x 50/100Ω transformers (see “Connection Accessories” on page 58 for more details)

Use the interchassis connections as shown in Figure 4-2 on page 57 and Figure 4-3 on page 57.


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsAccessing the System Compensation Software

Accessing the System Compensation SoftwareChoose the System Compensation tab from the DLS-410B main window. The System Compensation tab displays information about the system compensation test (Figure 4-1).

Figure 4-1. System Compensation Tab

HP 4395A Analyzer Settings

Running a system compensation test requires an Agilent (HP) 4395A Spectrum/Network Analyzer, connected to the control PC via a GPIB (IEEE 488) cable. Set the following fields before running a test:

• AddressChoose HP 4395A Analyzer’s GPIB address from the Address drop-down box.

• Normalize before performing compensation This box is checked by default. Leave this box checked, so that the analyzer is nor-malized before performing compensation tests. Once the compensation test is started, the DLS-410B software prompts for the correct connections for normalization before proceeding with system compensation.


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsGeneral Procedure

Frequency Range Settings

Specify the frequency range before starting a test. The frequency range of the test should be the same or greater than the frequency range of the signals that are tested on the DLS-410B. Specifying a smaller frequency range decreases the amount of time taken to complete a system compensation test.

• Lower Boundary – indicates the lower frequency limit of the range over which compensation measurements are taken. This setting cannot be changed from 25.875 kHz.

• Upper Boundary – indicates the upper frequency limit of the range over which compensation measurements are taken. The options are 1.104 MHz or 2.208 MHz.

General Procedure

To set up and run the system compensation:

1 Power on the Agilent (HP) 4395A Analyzer, the DLS-410B system, the DLS-5405 Noise Injector, and the DLS-5500 Noise Generator.

Note: Allow the 4395A to warm up for 30 minutes before beginning measurements.

2 Connect the Agilent (HP) 4395A, the DLS-410B, the DLS-5405, and the DLS-5500 as shown in Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3 on page 57 and as explained in “Setup Over-view” on page 24).

3 Start the DLS-410B software on the control PC.4 Select the GPIB address in the HP 4395A Analyzer Address drop-down box on the

System Compensation tab.5 Select the desired lower and upper frequency boundaries in the Frequency Range area

of the System Compensation tab. Compensation values are not valid for frequency ranges outside of the specified lim-its.

6 Ensure the GUI is in Offline mode, and click Start. 7 Follow connection instruction prompts.

Figure 4-3 on page 57 illustrates the connections required for all loop measurements.

Note: The DLS-5405 is controlled from the DLS-5500 GUI.


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsGeneral Procedure

Figure 4-2. System Compensation Control Connections for the DLS-410B and the DLS-5405

Figure 4-3. System Compensation Measurement Connections for the DLS-410B

GPIB

Control PC

GPIB

serial cable COM port

DB-25

GPIB

DLS-412BDLS-411B

DLS-5405

DLS-5500

4395A Network AnalyzerGPIB #17





DLS-5405

DLS-411B DLS-412B

BalunBalun

4395A Network AnalyzerGPIB #17

Control PC


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsMean Absolute Error and Mean Error Measurements

Mean Absolute Error and Mean Error MeasurementsFor every standard loop on the DLS-410B, the System Compensation function automates the measurement and calculation of the MAE. The MAE for loop attenuation is measured over the range [f1,f2], where frequency f1 is 25.875 kHz. The frequency f2 is the frequency at which the loop attenuation reaches the maximal attenuation or the upper boundary frequency as specified in the Frequency Range settings, whichever is lowest.

(Refer to the DSL Forum TR-100 Specification for definitions of MAE and ME.)

The number of points represents the frequency steps of 4.3125 kHz. The theoretical values are calculated for two types of cables:

• RLCG parameters using two-port ABCD modelling methodology as specified in ANSI T1.417 Section B.3.1.

• RLCG cable parameters using two-port ABCD modelling methodology as specified in ITU-T Rec. G.996.1 (June 1999) (PIC cable at 70 degrees Fahrenheit).

Compensation values for both cable models are stored in the results file. The compensation is applied according to the cable model selected on the System Properties tab.

Connection AccessoriesThe system compensation test requires some connection accessories that are not included with the DLS-410B package. Specifically, two 50Ω unbalanced/100Ω balanced transformers are required. Spirent Communications recommends using a 1 kHz - 20 MHz wideband transformer from North Hills (model 0311LB) with connections as shown in Figure 4-4. Optionally, the 4A03 transformer may be purchased from Spirent Communications and used in measurements. The connections required for performing the system compensation test are shown in Figure 4-3 on page 57.

The center pin of the 100Ω side of the transformer must be connected to the case of the transformer. The other two pins on the 100Ω side of the transformer must be connected to the wires that connect to pins 4 and 5 of the RJ-45 connector.

Figure 4-4. Accessories Required for System Compensation Test (Two Required)


Chapter 4: System Compensation TestsOutput and Results

Output and Results The system compensation test results are stored in a CSV file. The file is stored in either the comp folder or the cust folder in the working directory of the DLS-410B software. The directory that is used is based on whether Custom Loops or Standards-based Loops is selected as the Loop Mode. For example, if the working directory of the DLS-410B software is C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B, then the file is stored in the C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\comp directory or cust directory.

The compensation file name contains the serial number for the system, as well as the time and date that the test was completed.

For example:

DLS410B_SN1XXXX_SN2XXXX_YYYY_MM_DD-HH_NN_SS.csv

where:

• SN1XXXX = serial number of chassis 1

• SN2XXXX = serial number of chassis 2

• YYYY = year the test was completed

• MM = month the test was completed

• DD = day the test was completed

• HH = hour the test was completed

• NN = minute the test was completed

• SS = second the test was completed.

For example, DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2007_02_26-09_07_06-.csv, where DL43726 and DL43723 are the serial numbers of chassis 1 and 2, respectively. ‘2007_02_06-09_07_06’ indicates that the test was completed at 9:07:06 am, on 2007/02/06.

Incomplete test results also contain the string -Incomplete at the end of the name, for example, DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2004_02_06-09_07_06--Incomplete.csv. Incomplete files cannot be used for compensation.

To apply compensation in the DLS-410B software, select Compensated Loop in the Loop Mode selection box of the DLS-410B GUI, and then click Browse to navigate to the compensation file for the system that is connected.

Figure 4-5 on page 60 shows an excerpt from the compensation file.



Figure 4-5. Excerpt from Compensation File

The format of a compensation file is shown in Figure 4-5. For automated scripts, the .csv file provides the M1, M2, and M3 values that should be sent to both chassis in order to set compensated loop length settings. All M1, M2, and M3 values are shown for both chassis, with a loop ID number to identify the loop.

The compensation file assigns an ID number to each standards-based compensated loop. This ID number corresponds to the ID number supplied with the DLS_410B_LoopLength_Setting.csv file (shipped with the DLS-410B). It shows which length is set for a particular loop ID number (see Figure 4-6 on page 61).

comp\DLS410B_DL43726_DL43723_2007_02_06-09_07_06-Comp2/6/2007

25.875kHz–2.208MHz

DLS 411BDLS 412B



Figure 4-6. Excerpt from DLS_410B_LoopLength_Setting.csv File

In Figure 4-6, the loop ID number is 6 for a straight loop of 2.5 kft. Only standard loops set by the DLS-410B software have a loop ID number; thus only standard loops can be compensated.

For more information on controlling and programming the DLS-410B, refer to Chapter 5, “Remote Control.”

Note: As noted previously, the system compensation test requires an Agilent (HP) 4395A Spectrum/Network Analyzer to make loop attenuation measurements. The system compensation test automatically makes all the required settings on the analyzer during measurements.


Chapter 5

Remote Control

In this chapter...

• Remote Control Overview . . . . 64

• IEEE 488 Interface . . . . 65

• RS-232 Serial Interface . . . . 68

• Command Syntax . . . . 71

• Device-Dependent Command Set . . . . 72

• Common Command Set . . . . 83

• Status Reporting . . . . 87

• DLS-410B Synchronization . . . . 89


Chapter 5: Remote ControlRemote Control Overview

Remote Control OverviewThe DLS-410B is controlled via the IEEE 488 (also known as the GPIB) or the RS-232 (serial) interface, allowing the integration of the DLS-410B into a larger test system.

The DLS-410B remote control is designed with several standards in mind:

• The GPIB physical interface follows IEEE 488.1. (See “IEEE 488 Interface” on page 65.)

• The serial port physical interface follows the EIA RS-232 standard. (See “RS-232 Serial Interface” on page 68.)

• The Device-Dependent commands are based upon the Standard Commands for Programmable Interfaces (SCPI). (See “Device-Dependent Command Set” on page 72.)

• The Common commands follow IEEE 488.2 (See “Common Command Set” on page 83.)

The IEEE 488 and the RS-232 serial interfaces are always enabled and either one can be used. The DLS-410B directs its output to the last interface from which it received data. Both interfaces use the same command set and produce the same results. The following sections provide additional information on the interfaces.

• “IEEE 488 Interface” on page 65

• “RS-232 Serial Interface” on page 68.


Chapter 5: Remote ControlIEEE 488 Interface

IEEE 488 Interface

Supported Interface Functions

The IEEE 488.1 Interface functions that are supported by the DLS-410B are as follows:

These represent the minimums required to implement the IEEE 488.1 standard. (The IEEE 488 interface is also known as the GPIB and the HP-IB interface.)

IEEE 488 Address

The DLS-411B and DLS-412B can use any valid IEEE 488 address (from 0 to 31). The DLS-411B and DLS-412B must have different IEEE 488 addresses.

The factory settings are:

• DLS-411B: Address 14

• DLS-412B: Address 15

The address can be changed by using the DIP switch on the back of the unit. Figure 5-1 on page 66 shows the weighting.

Note: By default, the National Instruments IEEE 488 interface card uses address 0.

SH1 Source handshake - full capability

AH1 Acceptor handshake - full capability

T5 Basic talker - serial poll, untalk on MLA

L3 Basic listener - unlisten on MTA

SR1 Service request - full

DC1 Device clear - full

C4 Respond to SRQ

E1 Open Collector drivers

RL1 Remote Local - full



Figure 5-1. Weighting

Service Request (SRQ) Line

The SRQ line, as defined by the IEEE 488.1 standard, is raised when the DLS-410B is requesting service. Here are some examples of services that could raise SRQ:

• A message is available in the output buffer

• An error occurred

• All pending operations are completed

• The power was just turned on.

In order to use the SRQ line, all relevant enable bits must be set.

For example:

• The SRQ line can be raised automatically when there is a message available by enabling the MAV bit (bit 4) in the Status Byte Register with the command *SRE 16.

• The SRQ line can be raised automatically when there is an error by enabling the ESB bit (bit 5) in the Status Byte Register with *SRE 32 and by enabling the error bits in the Standard Event Status Register with *ESE 60 (bit 2, 3, 4 and 5).

Note: The Factory default is to clear all enable registers on power up. See the *ESE and *SRE commands for more details.

Spirent Communications recommends that you configure the DLS-410B to raise the SRQ line when there is a message available and when there is an error.

Address 14 Address 15



Message Terminators

Messages to the DLS-410B must be terminated with either a Line Feed character (ASCII <LF>, decimal 10, hex 0A), an IEEE 488.1 EOI signal, or both. Messages from the DLS-410B are always terminated with a Line Feed character and the IEEE 488.1 EOI signal.

Note: Some languages, such as BASIC, may automatically append a carriage return and a line feed at the end of messages. The carriage return character is not a valid terminator and invalidates the last command.

To avoid this problem, you can append a semicolon after a string (after the quotes) when printing to the IEEE 488 port.

Another solution is to append a semicolon at the end of the command itself (inside the quotes), so that the carriage return can be interpreted as a second command and is simply discarded by the DLS-410B.

For example:PRINT #1, “:SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE?”+CHR$(10); Preferred solutionorPRINT #1, “:SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE?;” Other solution

Example Using the IEEE 488 Interface

To send and receive messages with error checking:

1 Set all relevant enable bits (this is only done once).2 Send the message.3 Wait for SRQ.4 Read the Status Byte.5 If MAV (bit 4) is set, then read the response.6 If ESB (bit 5) is set, then read the Standard Event Status Register and take all the rele-

vant actions.

For example, to get the identification message with the IEEE 488 interface, perform the steps listed in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. Setting the ID Message with IEEE 488

Action Comment

1 Transmit “*SRE 48” Enable MAV and ESB (needed only once)

2 Transmit “*ESE 60” Enable all the error bits (needed only once)


Chapter 5: Remote ControlRS-232 Serial Interface

RS-232 Serial InterfaceThis section contains information specific to the RS-232 interface. (Refer to “IEEE 488 Interface” on page 65 for information specific to the IEEE 488 interface.)

The system uses a female DB-25 connector and is configured as a DCE device. It can be connected directly to your PC serial port.

Note: Do not use a null modem with a computer that has a standard COM port configured as a DTE.

To use the RS-232 interface, connect your computer to the host system and configure the computer’s COM port as follows:

• 9600 bps baud rate

• No parity

• 8 data bits per character

• 1 stop bit

• RTS/CTS hardware flow control

The RS-232 standard is equivalent to the European V.24/V.28 standards. This manual uses the term RS-232 to refer to both of these two standards. Generally, computer literature uses the terms serial, COM1, and COM2 to refer to the RS-232 interface.

3 Transmit “*IDN?” Query the identification message

4 Wait for SRQ to be raised.

5 Read the Status Byte. Use the IEEE 488.1 serial poll command, not *STB?

6 If MAV (bit 4) is set, read the response.

7 If ESB (bit 5) is set, do the following: Check if an error was detected

• Transmit “*ESR?” Query the Event Status Register

• Wait for SRQ to be raised

8 If MAV (bit 4) is set, read the response and take all relevant action according to the error type received

Table 5-1. Setting the ID Message with IEEE 488 (continued)

Action Comment



Note: The DLS-410B cannot use the parallel port of a computer (the female connector).

The system stops transmitting data when the RTS line is low and restarts when the RTS line is high. The DLS-410B lowers the CTS and the DSR lines when it cannot accept data, and raises them when it can. The RTS line is not the usual “Request To Send” as defined by the RS-232 standard. If desired, the user can leave the RTS line set, and use only the CTS line.

Most serial port communication programs can be used to control the DLS-410B.

To use HyperTerminal:

1 Select Start > Programs > Accessories > HyperTerminal > hypertrm.exe.2 Enter a name (for example, DLS-410B).3 Select the port (for example, Direct to COM1).4 Enter the port settings: 9600, 8, none, 1 and hardware.5 Select File > Properties > Settings > ASCII Setup.6 Enable Send line ends with line feeds and Echo typed characters locally.7 Click OK twice.

You should now be able to send and receive commands to and from the system.

Message Terminators

Messages sent to the DLS-410B through the serial interface must be terminated with the Line Feed character (decimal 10, hex 0A, LF). To ensure that no characters are left in the receive buffer of the DLS-410B from a previous incomplete command, you can send the line feed character by itself before sending new commands.

Messages from the DLS-410B are always terminated with a Line Feed character.

Note: Some languages, such as BASIC, might automatically append a carriage return and a line feed at the end of messages. The carriage return character is not a valid terminator and invalidates the last command.

To avoid this problem, you can append a semicolon after a string (after the quotes) when printing to the RS-232 port.

Another solution is to append a semicolon at the end of the command itself (inside the quotes), so that the carriage return can be interpreted as a second command and is simply discarded by the DLS-410B.

For example:PRINT #1, “:SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE?”+CHR$(10); Preferred solutionorPRINT #1, “SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE?;” Other solution



Example Using the RS-232 Interface

To send and receive messages with error checking:

1 Set all relevant enable bits (this is only done once).2 Send the message.3 Read the answer until you receive an LF (decimal 10, hex 0A).4 Check if an error occurred with the *ESR? command.

For example, to get the identification message with the RS-232 interface, follow the steps in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2. Setting the ID Message with RS-232

Action Comment

1 Transmit “*ESE 60” Enable all the error bits (needed only once)

2 Transmit “*IDN?” Query the identification message

3 Read the answer The messages are always terminated with LF

4 Transmit “*ESR?” Check if an error occurred

5 Read the answer If not 0, error occurred, see “Event Status Register (ESR)” on page 88 for a description of the error(s)


Chapter 5: Remote ControlCommand Syntax

Command SyntaxThe DLS-410B adheres to the IEEE 488.2 format for command syntax. As with the Data Format, the principle is Forgiving Listening and Precise Talking.

Commands take one of two forms: either a Device-Dependent command or a Common command. Each type can be preceded by one or more spaces, and each must have one or more spaces between its mnemonic and the data associated with it.

The respective formats are described in “Device-Dependent Command Set” on page 72 and “Common Command Set” on page 83.

Common commands are preceded by the character “*”. A colon precedes Device-Dependent commands and a colon separates each level of the command. Commands can be either in upper or lower case. Multiple commands can be concatenated by separating each command by semicolons.

The following are some examples:*RST

*RST;*WAI;:SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE Normal

*ESE 45; *SRE 16

Messages to the DLS-410B must be terminated with a Line Feed character (ASCII <LF>, decimal 10, hex 0A). Messages from the DLS-410B are always terminated with a Line Feed character.

As defined in the SCPI specifications, a Device-Dependent Command may be sent in its short form or long form, in upper or lower case. The following commands are therefore identical in operation::SETTING:CHANNEL:STATE Normal

:SET:CHAN:STA Normal

Note: The parameters cannot be shortened.

Queries of the system follow the same format as the commands, except that the data normally associated with a command is replaced by a question mark “?”. Following receipt of such a command, the DLS-410B places the appropriate response in the output queue, where the controller can read it.

Examples are:*IDN?

*ESE?;*SRE?

:SET:CHAN:STA?


Chapter 5: Remote ControlDevice-Dependent Command Set

Device-Dependent Command Set The DLS-410B is comprised of two chassis (the DLS-411B and DLS-412B). As recommended by the SCPI consortium and following other Spirent AE simulators and noise generators and to simplify programming, the DLS-410B uses the following tree structures:

DLS-410B (both DLS-411B and DLS-412B):SETting

:CHANnel:STAte <Normal|Bypass|Disconnect>

:System

:Reset

:Error?

:Calibration

:date?

:expiry?

:SLotID?

:SetM1<String>

:SetM2<String>

:SetM3<String>

DLS-411B Only:SourceA

:Noise <On|Off>

DLS-412B Only:SourceB

:Noise <On|Off>

Each section of the command can be sent in the full or the truncated form (indicated in upper case). The command itself can be sent in uppercase or lowercase form.

The DLS-410B rounds any number to the nearest number permitted by the resolution of the parameter.

“Command Syntax” on page 71 provides more information on the data format and the command syntax.

Settings for all of these commands are stored in non-volatile RAM. When the unit is powered up, their values are restored to the same state as before the unit was powered down. The default setting for the noise injection of both sides is off.

The following sections describe the command settings in more detail.



System Check Commands

:System:Error?

This read-only command returns the overall status of the unit. The status is generated during boot up and is also indicated by the POWER LED.

If the return string is “0”, there is no error. If the return string is “1”, at least one card in the system is of the wrong type for this model of simulator.

To determine which card is in error, use the :System:SlotID? command.

:System:SlotID?

This command is read only and returns the overall status of every card installed in the system.

The return string represents four bytes in hex format, which translates to one bit per card. If the bit corresponding to the card is “0”, then the card is OK. If the bit is “1”, then the card has the wrong ID.

In binary format, the bits are labelled D1 to D32. D1 represents card 1, D28 represents card 28, and D29 represents the front end car. D30 to D32 are always “0”.

For example, if the return string is “C0000000”, the ID is wrong for the cards in slots 1 and 2.

:System:Calibration:date?

This read-only command returns the last date the unit was calibrated. The string is a maximum of 25 characters.

:System:Calibration:expiry?

This read-only command returns the date at which the unit should be next calibrated. The string is a maximum of 25 characters.

:System:Calibration:date <date>

This command enters the value of the last calibration date. When shipped from the factory, this value is set to “0” by default. For new units, the purchase date of the unit should be entered.

:System:Calibration:expiry <date>

This command enters the value of the calibration expiry date. When shipped from the factory, this value is set to “0” by default. For new units, one year from the purchase date of the unit should be entered.



:SETting:CHANel:State<Normal|Bypass|Disconnect>

Setting the channel state to Bypass bypasses all line simulator cards in the DLS-410B chassis. Setting the channel state to Disconnect replaces the loop with an open circuit.

For example, to set the state to Bypass, send::SET:CHAN:STATE Bypass

Warning: Do not interrupt the execution of this command. Use the *WAI or the *OPC command to ensure that this command is complete before issuing a subsequent command. See “Common Command Set” on page 83 for more details on the *WAI and *OPC com-mands.

:SETM1<String>/SETM2<String>/SETM3<String>

The :SetM1/M2/M3 command sends the M1, M2, or M3 variable as required to set the simulated loop, for example::SetM1 00001F01F00001F01F01FC7341C42F01F00001F01F00001F01F000

:SetM2 80001F01F00001F01F02F03F81F82F01F00002F01F00002F01F800

:SetM3 00001F01F00001F01F02F03F81F82F01F00002F01F00002F01F000

Ensure *ESR? follows every command for error checking. :SETM3 should be synchronized for its operation complete. After issuing the :SETM3 command, the *OPC? should be sent to ensure the operation is complete. It might take up to two seconds for the :SETM3 command to complete.

Note: Each chassis has its own set of M1, M2, and M3 values.

The M1, M2, and M3 variables are null-terminated 54-character strings. These are the methods that can be used to find the M1, M2, and M3 values for both chassis 1 and chassis 2 ("M" values are required to set a particular loop):

• Reference a CSV file that contains a listing of M1, M2, and M3 values. This method can only be used for standards-based loops. See “Steps for Using a CSV File to Determine M1, M2, and M3 Values” on page 75 for more information.

• Use the DLS Converter API that returns the M1, M2, and M3 values. This method can be used for standards-based loops and must be used for custom com-pensated loops. Custom compensated loop settings have millions of possible loop seg-ment configurations, therefore using the DLS Converter API is the only option. See “Using the DLS-410B Converter API to Determine M1, M2, and M3” on page 76 for more information.

• Copy the M1, M2, and M3 values as they appear in the log window of the DLS-410B GUI. This method can be used for both standards-based loops and custom loops. Also, this method displays compensated M1, M2, and M3 variables if a compensated loop mode option has been selected from the GUI.



Steps for Using a CSV File to Determine M1, M2, and M3 Values

Use this procedure to determine the M1, M2, and M3 values using a CSV (either the factory-shipped file or a DLS Compensation results file).

Note: This method can only be used to set standard-length loops. All files used are in CSV format, for easy parsing and extraction of M1, M2, and M3 values.

To determine M1, M2, and M3:

1 Reference the file called DLS410B_LoopLength_setting.csv.This file can be found in the DLS-410B working directory. This file gives the loop ID number for all of the standard loops on the DLS-410B as shown below. It also gives information about the lengths of line segments L1 and L2 through L6 (if used). (See Figure 5-2).

Figure 5-2. DLS410B_LoopLength_setting.csv File

2 Locate the Loop ID number for the loop you wish to set.3 Reference the CSV file that contains the M1, M2, and M3 values that need to be sent

to each chassis. There are two types of settings: • Factory Settings: To use factory settings, reference the Dls410BCommand.csv

file (see Figure 5-3). This file is located in the working directory of the DLS-410B software.

Figure 5-3. Dls410BCommand.csv File

• Compensated Settings Using System Compensation Results from DLS-410B v 1.0 Software: To use compensated settings derived from running the Standards-Based loops compensation, reference the system compensation result file. This file is stored by default in the working directory of the DLS-410B, in the comp subfolder.

Dls411BDls412B



This file is structured identically to the Dls410BCommand.csv file. This file contains the M1, M2, and M3 values for 241 standard loops only; the custom CSV file has thousands of entries. For more information on compensation, refer to Chapter 4, “System Compensation Tests.”

4 Using the loop ID number from step 2 and the CSV file opened in step 3, find the val-ues of M1, M2, and M3 that should be sent to chassis 1 (the DLS-411B) and chassis 2 (the DLS-412B). For example, the loop ID number for a straight loop of 0.5 kft is 2, so the values of M1, M2, and M3 that need to be sent are:

DLS-411B (chassis 1):SetM1 00001F01F00001F01F01FC7341C42F01F00001F01F00001F01F000:SetM2 80001F01F00001F01F02F03F81F82F01F00002F01F00002F01F800:SetM3 00001F01F00001F01F02F03F81F82F01F00002F01F00002F01F000

DLS-412B (chassis 2):SetM1 00001F01F00001F01F01F00001F01F01F00001F01F00001F01F000:SetM2 80001F01F00001F01F02F00001F02F01F00002F01F00002F01F800:SetM3 00001F01F00001F01F02F00001F02F01F00002F01F00002F01F000

Using the DLS-410B Converter API to Determine M1, M2, and M3

The M1, M2, and M3 values may also be determined by using the default DLS-410B Converter API that is included with the DLS-410B software. These values are either factory settings or based upon the results from the “custom loops” compensation depending on if the user calls the [DLS-410converter_loadcompensationdata] function located within the API. Custom compensation data files can be loaded such that the generated “M” strings contain the compensated settings. The only way to get compensated M1, M2, and M3 values is to use the method described in “Steps for Using a CSV File to Determine M1, M2, and M3 Values” on page 75.

The following components of the Converter API package are installed in the C:\Program Files\Spirent Communications\DLS 410B\API directory when the DLS-410B software is installed:

• dls410ConverterApi.hThis include file contains the interface description to the Dls410Converter module.

• Dls410ConverterApi.dllThis file contains the release version of the library.

• Readme.txtThis file contains important information about the API.

Note: The length settings passed to the DLS-410B converter convert loop definition function are constrained to the same “L” values available in the GUI.



DLS-410B ConverterApi.h// dls410ConverterApi.h: interface for the Cdls410Converter class.

//

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if !defined(AFX_Dls410ConverterApi_H__INCLUDED_)

#define AFX_Dls410ConverterApi_H__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000

#pragma once

#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#if defined(DLS410_HAS_EXPORTS)

#define DLS410LIB __declspec(dllexport)

#else

#define DLS410LIB

#endif

#define DLS_410_MAX_LOOPS 6

#define DLS_410_COMMAND_SIZE 55 // 54 characters + null character

/*

** These error codes are self explanatory.

*/

#define DLS_410_Error_Initialization_failed -100

#define DLS_410_Error_Incorrect_Loop_type -101

#define DLS_410_Error_Incorrect_loop_length -102

#define DLS_410_Error_Invalid_pointer -103

#define DLS_410_Error_Conversion_failed -104

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif /* __cplusplus */

enum Dls410LoopTypes



{

Dls410_Loop_Straight=1,

Dls410_Loop_Bridgedtap,

Dls410_Loop_Ansi13,

Dls410_Loop_Csa4,

Dls410_Loop_Straight_G996_1,

Dls410_Loop_Bridgedtap_G996_1,

Dls410_Loop_Ansi13_G996_1,

Dls410_Loop_Csa4_G996_1,

DLS410_Loop_end

};

typedef struct

{

char cmdM1[DLS_410_COMMAND_SIZE];



} Dls410CmdBuffer;

typedef struct

{

/*

** Dls410LoopTypes enumerates the recognized loop types.

*/

UINT loopType;

/*

** Each command is stored in one of the buffers. The first buffer

** is meant for the DLS-411B chassis while the other is meant for

** the DLS-412B chassis. All data previously stored in these

** buffers is overwritten.

*/

Dls410CmdBuffer cmdBufferArray[2];

/*

** This variable contains the lengths for each loop. It is



** important to make sure all pertinent lengths are properly set.

*/

int loopLengthArray[DLS_410_MAX_LOOPS];

} Dls410LoopDefinition;

/*

** This method takes a custom compensation file name and loads it

** into the converter.

** Pass a NULL string in order to restore the default settings.

** All subsequent calls to Dls410Converter_convertLoopDefinition

** use the last loaded compensation data. (The M string values

** generated are based upon the loaded file.)

**

** The user should ensure that the correct file is used for a given

** system.

**

** Function returns 0 if successful.

*/

DLS410LIB int WINAPI Dls410Converter_loadCompensationData(const char* cszFileName);

**

** The user should ensure that the correct file is used for a given

** system.

**

** Function returns 0 if successful.

*/

DLS410LIB int WINAPI Dls410Converter_loadCompensationData(const char* cszFileName);

/*

** This method takes all settings at once and returns 0 on

** successful completion or one of the errors listed above.

*/

DLS410LIB int WINAPI Dls410Converter_convertLoopDefinition(Dls410LoopDefinition* loopSetup);



#ifdef __cplusplus

}

#endif /* __cplusplus */

#endif // !defined(AFX_Dls410ConverterApi_H__INCLUDED_)

DLS-410B Converter API Example

The following procedure is an example of how to use the converter API to get the M1, M2, and M3 variables that must be sent to both the DLS-411B chassis and DLS-412B chassis to set a straight loop of 9000 ft.

int testConverter()

{

const char* file = "C:\\Program Files\\Spirent Communications\\DLS 410B\\cust\\DLS410B_DL43669_DL43667_2007_10_04-18_22_32-Cust.csv";

/* The following takes a custom compensation file name and loads it into the converter. Pass a NULL string in order to restore the default settings. */

int err = Dls410Converter_loadCompensationData(file);

if (err!=0)

return err;

/* All calls to Dls410Converter_convertLoopDefinition use the last loaded compensation data. */

Dls410LoopDefinition loopDef;

/* Declare variable loopDef as type Dls410LoopDefinition */

loopDef.loopType=Dls410_Loop_Straight;

/* Set loop type to straight loop (as per T1.417 cable model), other loop types are:

Dls410_Loop_Bridgedtap (as per T1.417 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Ansi13 (as per T1.417 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Csa4 (as per T1.417 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Straight_G996_1 (as per G.996.1 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Bridgedtap_G996_1, (as per G.996.1 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Ansi13_G996_1, (as per G.996.1 cable model)

Dls410_Loop_Csa4_G996_1 (as per G.996.1 cable model) */

loopDef.loopLengthArray[0]=9000;

/* Set length of segment L1 to 9000 ft. */



int err = Dls410Converter_convertLoopDefinition(&loopDef);

/* Check that length and loop type settings are valid */

if(err!=0)

return err;

/* Commands to send to the DLS-411B */

printf("setM1 %s\n",loopDef.cmdBufferArray[0].cmdM1);



/* Commands to send to the DLS-412B */




loopDef.loopType= Dls410_Loop_Csa4.;

/* Change loop type to Csa4. Loop segments L1-L5 are set to standard lengths * /

loopDef.loopLengthArray[0]=550; /*set segment L1 length to 550 ft. */





int err = Dls410Converter_convertLoopDefinition(&loopDef);

/* Check that length and loop type settings are valid */

if(err!=0)

return err;

/* Commands to send to DLS-411B */




/* Commands to send to DLS-412B */




return 0; }



:SourceA:Noise <ON|OFF> (DLS-411B only)

Note: For use when noises are injected directly to the DLS-410B.

The unit has one switched port NA that can be connected to a noise generation system. Setting the Source A to ON connects the analog device (connected to the port labelled NA) in parallel with the DLS-411B line simulator cards. Setting Source A to OFF disconnects the NA port.

For example, to switch the NA port ON, send::SourceA:Noise ON

Do not interrupt the completion of this command. Use the *WAI or the *OPC command to ensure that this command is complete before issuing a subsequent command. See “Common Command Set” on page 83 for more details on the *WAI and *OPC commands.

Note: This command must be set OFF when a DLS-5405 Noise Injector is used.

:SourceB:Noise <ON|OFF> (DLS-412B only)

Note: For use when noises are injected directly to the DLS-412B.

The unit has one switched port NB that can be connected to a noise generation system. Setting the Source B to ON connects the analog device (connected to the port labelled NB) in parallel with the DLS-412B line simulator cards. Setting Source B to OFF disconnects the NB port.

For example, to switch the NB port ON, send::SourceB:Noise ON

Do not interrupt the completion of this command. Use the *WAI or the *OPC command to ensure that this command is complete before issuing a subsequent command. See “Common Command Set” on page 83 for more details on the *WAI and *OPC commands.

Note: This command must be set OFF when a DLS-5405 Noise Injector is used.

:System:Reset

This command causes the system to reset in the same manner as power-down and power-up. For example, to reset the unit, send:

:System:Reset


Chapter 5: Remote ControlCommon Command Set

Common Command SetAs specified in the IEEE 488.2 standard, some common commands are required to set up and control the standard functions of remote-controlled devices. They can be used with both the IEEE 488 and the RS–232 interfaces. The common commands are as follows:

*CLS Clear Status Command

Type: Status command

Function: Clears the Event Status Register (ESR). Clearing the ESR also clears ESB, bit 5 of the Status Byte Register (STB). It does not affect the output queue (bit 4 of the STB).

*ESE <NRf> Event Status Enable


Function: Sets the Event Status Enable Register (ESER) using an integer value from 0 to 255, representing a sum of the bits in the following bitmap:

Bits 7 to 0 have values of 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1, respectively. For example, if bits 3 and 5 are set, then the integer value is 40 (8+32).

The ESER masks which bits are enabled in the Event Status Register (ESR).

On power-on, the ESER is cleared.

*ESE? Event Status Enable Query


Function: An integer value between 0 and 255, representing the value of the Event Status Enable Register (ESER), is placed in the output queue. The possible values are described in the *ESE command section.

1 = Operation Complete1 = Request Control (not used)1 = Query Error1 = Device Dependent Error (not used)1 = Execution Error1 = Command Error1 = User Request (not used)1 = Power On

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Bit



*ESR? Event Status Register Query


Function: An integer value between 0 and 255, representing the value of the Event Status Register (ESR), is placed in the output queue. Once the value is placed in the output queue, the register is cleared. The command turns the REMOTE LED green if the LED was red. The possible values are described in the *ESE command section.

*IDN? Identification Query

Type: System command

Function: Returns the ID of the unit. Upon receiving this command, the DLS-410B puts the following string into the output queue:SPIRENT COMM INC,<unit ID>,<SN>,<Ver>

where:

<unit ID> is “DLS 411B” or “DLS 412B” depending on which chassis is queried.

<SN> is the serial number of the unit (for example, DL43669)

<Ver> is the revision level of the control firmware (always three digits)

*OPC Operation Complete

Type: Synchronization command

Function: Indicates to the controller when the current operation is complete. This command causes the DLS-410B to set bit 0 in the ESR when all pending operations have been completed. This bit is read with the *ESR? command, which also clears it. Communication can proceed as normal after this command, but be prepared to receive an SRQ at any time.

*OPC? Operation Complete Query


Function: Indicates when the current operation is complete. This command causes the DLS-410B to put an ASCII 1 (decimal 49, hex 31) in the output queue when the current operation is complete. Communication can proceed as normal after this command, but be prepared to receive the “1” at any time.



*RST Reset

Type: Internal command

Function: IEEE 488.2 level 3 reset. This command cancels any pending *OPC operation. It does not affect the output buffer or other system settings of the unit. Note that this is NOT equivalent to the power-up reset and the IEEE 488 “Device Clear.”

*SRE <NRf> Service Request Enable


Function: Sets the Service Request Enable Register (SRER). An integer value indicates which service is enabled with the following bitmap:


Note that if both MAV and ESB are disabled, then the MSS and RQS bits and the SRQ line are never going to be raised.

On power-on, the SRER is cleared.

*SRE? Service Request Enable Query


Function: An integer value representing the value of the Service Request Enable Register is placed in the output queue. The possible values are listed in the *SRE command section.

0 = Not used and should always be 01 = Enable Message Available (MAV) bit1 = Enable Event Status Bit (ESB)X = Master Summary Status (MSS) bit is always enabled0 = Not used and should always be 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Bit



*STB? Status Byte Query


Function: The value of the Status Byte Register is put into the output queue. Contrary to the “*ESR?” command, this register is not cleared by reading it. This register is zero only when all its related structures are cleared, namely the ESR and the output queue.


Note that bit 6 is MSS, which does not necessarily have the same value as RQS.

*TST? Self-Test Query

Type: Internal command

Function: Returns the results of the self-test done at power up. The number returned has the following bitmap:


*WAI Wait to Continue


Function: Used to delay execution of commands. The DLS-410B ensures that all commands received before “*WAI” are completed before processing any new commands. Thus all further communication with the DLS-410B are frozen until all pending operations are completed.

Not used and should always be 0Message Available (MAV) bitEvent Status Bit (ESB)Master Summary Status (MSS) bitNot used and should always be 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Bit

0 = Passed microcontroller test0 = Passed nonvolatile RAM test0 = Not used and should always be 00 = Passed Flash memory test0 = Not used and should always be 0

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0Bit


Chapter 5: Remote ControlStatus Reporting

Status ReportingThere are two registers that record and report the system status: the Status Byte Register (STB) and the Event Status Register (ESR). Both registers have the basic commands listed in Table 5-3.

Status Byte Register (STB)

The bits of this register are mapped as listed in Table 5-4.

Table 5-3. Register Commands

Status Byte Register Event Status Register

Read Register *STB? *ESR?

Set Enabling Bits *SRE <NRf>1

1 <NRf> is the new value of the register.

*ESE <NRf>

Read Enabling Bits *SRE? *ESE?

Table 5-4. STB Bit Descriptions

Bit Description

Bit 4: MAV (Message Available Bit)

Indicates that the Output Queue is not empty. If MAV goes high and is enabled, then MSS goes high.

Bit 5: ESB (Event Status Bit)

Indicates that at least one bit of the Event Status Register (ESR) is non-zero and enabled. If ESB goes high and is enabled, then MSS goes high.

Bit 6: MSS/RQS (Master Summary Status/Request Service)

MSS is raised when either MAV or ESB is raised and enabled. When the status of MSS changes, the entire STB is copied into the Status Byte of the GPIB controller, where bit 6 is called RQS. When RQS goes high, so does the SRQ line. In response to an IEEE 488.1 Serial Poll command, RQS and SRQ are cleared.

RQS and SRQ are defined by the IEEE 488.1 standard and are hardware related. MSS summarizes all the status bits of the DLS-410B, as defined by the IEEE 488.2 standard.

Bits 7, 3, 2, 1, and 0 These bits are not used by the DLS-410B.


Chapter 5: Remote ControlStatus Reporting

Event Status Register (ESR)

The Event Status Register monitors events within the system and reports on those that are enabled. It also records transitory events. The DLS-410B implements only the IEEE 488.2 Standard Event Status Register (ESR). Table 5-5 defines the ESR bits

The setting of the ESR can be read with the ESR query command (*ESR?), which puts the value of the register in the output queue and clears the register.

Table 5-5. ESR Bit Descriptions

Bit Description

Bit 0 Operation Complete. This bit is set in response to the *OPC command when the current operation is complete.

Bit 1 Request Control. This bit is always 0 because the DLS-410B does not have the ability to control the IEEE bus.

Bit 2 Query Error.There was an attempt to read an empty output queue or there was an output queue overflow (the maximum output queue capacity is 75 bytes).

Bit 3 Device-Dependent Error.Not used. This bit is always 0.

Bit 4 Execution Error. The data associated with a command was out of range.

Bit 5 Command Error.Either a syntax error (order of command words) or a semantic error (spelling of command words) has occurred.

Bit 6 User Request. Indicates that the user has activated a Device-Defined control through the front panel. Not used. This bit is always 0.

Bit 7 Power on. This bit is set when the DLS-410B is turned on. Sending *ESR? clears the bit and stays clear until the power is turned on again.


Chapter 5: Remote ControlDLS-410B Synchronization

DLS-410B SynchronizationThe program controlling the DLS-410B can use three commands to synchronize with the DLS-410B: *OPC, *OPC? and *WAI. Table 5-6 lists the main differences.

1. If “Operation Complete” and ESB are enabled.2. If MAV is enabled.

The main difference between OPC and WAI is that WAI blocks any further communication with the DLS-410B until all pending operations are completed.

The main difference between *OPC and *OPC? is that *OPC sets the Operation Complete bit, and *OPC? returns an ASCII “1” when all pending operations are completed.

Make sure that all the required enable bits are set.

When using *OPC or *OPC?, the program controlling the DLS-410B can determine when the operation is completed by waiting for SRQ, by reading the status byte with the serial poll, or with *STB? (if corresponding bits are enabled).

If the program uses the *OPC? command and then sends more queries, the program must be ready to receive the “1” concatenated to other responses at any time. When using *WAI, the communication time-out should be set long enough to avoid losing data.

Table 5-6. Synchronization Commands

Set Operation Complete Bit when Done

Return “1” when Operation Complete

Raise SRQ when Operation Complete

Block Communication with the DLS-410B

Required Enable Bit(s)

*OPC Yes No Yes1 No Operation Complete, ESB

*OPC? No Yes Yes2 No MAV

*WAI No No No Yes none


Chapter 6

Customer Support

To obtain technical support, refer to “How to Contact Us” on page 10.

In this chapter...

• Protecting Your Investment . . . . 92

• Return Shipping Information . . . . 92


Chapter 6: Customer SupportProtecting Your Investment

Protecting Your InvestmentAn annual calibration is required to ensure that your unit is operating properly.

Spirent Communications offers two cost-effective optional service programs. Each of these programs is designed to improve the ease and efficiency of servicing Spirent Communications test equipment.

Extended Warranty

Spirent Communications' Extended Warranty can be purchased at any time up until the expiration of the original one (1) year manufacturer's warranty. The Extended Warranty includes:

• Extension of the original one-year limited warranty by two years (giving a total warranty coverage of three years).

• Required firmware and software upgrades installed free at time of repair.

• If required because of a repair, free calibration due to repair during the coverage period.

• Prepaid, return shipment of repaired products worldwide.

Three-Year Calibration Agreement

The three-year calibration agreement gives the opportunity to invest in a yearly calibration for three (3) years at a significant cost saving, ensuring optimum product performance. The agreement can be purchased at any time.

The three-year calibration agreement includes:

• Three (3) annual NIST traceable calibrations (one per year).

• Notification from Spirent Communications when calibration is due.

• Calibration data report.

• Prepaid return shipment of calibrated unit worldwide.

Contact Spirent Communications Customer Service for more information on these programs (see page 10 for contact information).

Return Shipping InformationObtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from Spirent Communications Customer Service (see “How to Contact Us” on page 10). Mark the RMA number on the outside of the carton.

Turn the power off, disconnect all cables (including the power cable), and pack the simulators in their original cartons. Do not place any cables or accessories directly against the front panel as this may scratch the surface of the unit. Cartons should be marked with labels indicating that the contents are fragile.


Chapter 7

Specifications

In this chapter...

• Wireline Simulator Specifications . . . . 94

• Environmental Specifications . . . . 95

• Mechanical Specifications . . . . 95

• Remote Control . . . . 95


Chapter 7: SpecificationsWireline Simulator Specifications

Wireline Simulator Specifications

Parameter Specification

Technology Cable and bridged tap simulation using passive circuits

Types of Wire 24 AWG and 26 AWG selectable as per ANSI T1.417 and ITU-T G.996.1 Cable models

Number of Conductors Two

Standard ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.992.5 ADSL2plus specification

ITU-T Draft Recommendation G.996.1

DSL Forum TR-48, TR-67, TR-100

Simulated Loops Straight Loop, Straight Loop with Bridged Tap, ANSI 13, and CSA 4 topologies; each segment of the line is independently variable

Bandwidth DC to 4.5 MHz continuous frequency response

Attenuation Typically, max. MAE < 0.5 dB for attenuation up to 90 dB, after compensation

Impedance Typically ± 5%

Delay Typically ± 5%

Average Background Noise Typically < -150 dBm/Hz

DC Resistance of the Loop Typically ± 10%

DC Rating ± 200 V between tip and ring, tip and ground, ring and ground, and 125 mA (150 mA peak)

Measurement Termination 100 Ω

Power Supply 140 VA max: 100-240 VAC (50-60 Hz)

Fuses Type ‘T’ 2A/250V Slow Blow (two are required, 5 mm x 20 mm)


Chapter 7: SpecificationsEnvironmental Specifications

Environmental Specifications

Operating Conditions

In order for the unit to operate correctly and safely, it must be adequately ventilated. The DLS-410B ADSL2++ Wireline Simulator contains ventilation holes for cooling. Do not install the equipment in any location where the ventilation is blocked. For optimum performance, the equipment must be operated in a location that provides at least 10 mm of clearance from the ventilation holes. Blocking the air circulation around the equipment may cause the equipment to overheat, compromising its reliability.

Mechanical Specifications

Remote ControlTwo interfaces are supported:

• GPIB (IEEE 488)

• RS-232


Operating Temperature +10ºC to +40ºC (50ºF to 104ºF)

Storage Temperature -20°C to +70°C (-4°F to 158°F)

Humidity 90% (non-condensing) max.


Weight 28 kg (61 lbs) max.

Dimensions 194 mm x 452 mm x 494 mm (H x W x D) (7.6" x 17.8" x 19.4")


Appendix A

Measurements

In this appendix...

• Measurement of the DLS-410B . . . . 98

• Common Errors . . . . 99


Appendix A: MeasurementsMeasurement of the DLS-410B

Measurement of the DLS-410BData for the characteristics of the cables was obtained from the ANSI T1.417 and ITU-T G.996.1. Data for these cable types is specified in terms of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per meter (or km) of length of line as it varies with frequency.

When measuring the insertion loss of a balanced line or line simulator throughout the ADSL2++ frequency domain, the method shown in Figure A-1 is recommended.

Figure A-1. DLS-410B Electrical Characteristics Measurements.

In Figure A-1, Rg, RL, and the coax cables match the unbalanced winding of the balun. The balanced winding of the balun must be 100Ω , the reference impedance stipulated by ITU-T G.992.5. Spirent Communications recommends the transformer jig type DLS-4A03 (available as an optional accessory).

The transmitter and receiver could be the transmitting and receiving sections of a network analyzer.

Transformers and cables introduce errors of attenuation and phase. For accurate measurements, first perform calibration (normalization) by replacing the simulator with a direct connection.

Warning: The use of unbalanced signals through the DLS-410B usually gives incorrect measurements.

Note: The above method and diagram apply only to the DLS-410B and not to other wireline simulators.

Figure A-2 shows an example of one of the test setup options. The DLS-411B is interconnected with the DLS-412B by the cable labeled 7102040526, provided as an accessory within the DLS-410B package. The DLS-410B is also connected to the DLS-5405 (part of the DLS-5200AP package) by two cables of the same type each labeled 7102040526, provided as an accessory within the DLS-5200AP.

CoaxCable

CoaxCable

Balun DLS-4A03 Balun DLS-4A03

Transmitter ReceiverDLS-410B

RLRg


Appendix A: MeasurementsCommon Errors

Figure A-2. Test Setup with Noise Injection

Common ErrorsThere are three common errors:

• Coupling between input and output via the two transformers. When trying to measure attenuations of 60 dB or so, approximately 1/1000 of the input voltage or 1/1000000 of the input power is present on the output. It is very easy for transformers - or even wires - placed close to each other to couple together far more than this. Take care to keep inputs and outputs separate.

• The use of a high-impedance measuring device with no load from tip to ring at the receive end. This results in reflections due to a bad mismatch at the end of the line, and leads to very peculiar response curves.

• Ground injected directly onto the tip or ring of the wireline simulator. This almost always leads to a very noisy spectrum with high background noise levels and often harmonically related spectrum “spikes”.





DLS-5405

DLS-411B DLS-412B

BalunBalun

4395A Network Analyzer


Appendix BBackground Noise Measurement Considerations

Background noise measurements for the wireline simulator are performed with a spectrum analyzer, in this case, an Agilent 4395A spectrum/network analyzer.

Input A is used in spectrum-noise mode and the results are displayed in power spectral density units, i.e. dBm/Hz.

The noise floor of the Agilent 4395A with an input attenuator of 0 dB and resolution BW = 30 kHz (input A not connected) is illustrated in Figure B-1.

Figure B-1. Agilent 4395A Noise Floor

Figure B-1 demonstrates the Agilent 4395A spectrum/network analyzer’s Noise Floor over a bandwidth of 0-30 MHz. The graph shows that for frequencies up to 10 MHz, the noise floor is about -144 dBm/Hz; for frequencies in the range 10-30 MHz, the noise floor is about -151 dBm/Hz. Hence, when measuring noises with values close to the noise floor of the analyzer itself, results are inaccurate in the sense that the analyzer’s noise adds to the noise of the device under test (DUT). The displayed result is worse than the real one.

In conclusion, the error introduced by the analyzer itself has to be taken into considerations when measuring noises with values close to -140 dBm/Hz.


Appendix C

Test Results

In this appendix...

• DLS-410B Test Results . . . . 104

• T1.417 Cable Model . . . . 104

• G.996.1 Cable Model . . . . 114


Appendix C: Test ResultsDLS-410B Test Results

DLS-410B Test ResultsThe DLS-410B provides simulation of loop topologies for T1.417 and G996.1 Cable models.

For every loop topology, the DLS-410B has the capability to vary straight loop sections by 50 ft increments and bridged tap sections by 10 ft increments.

T1.417 Cable ModelThe following subsections show results for loops simulated as per the T1.417 cable model:

• “Straight Loop Test Results” on page 104

• “Bridged Tap Loop Test Results” on page 106

• “ANSI #13 Test Results” on page 108

• “CSA #4 Loop Test Results” on page 111.

Straight Loop Test Results

The following results are based on a straight loop configuration.

Figure C-1. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical, 3 kft - 21 kft 26 AWG (3 kft Steps)

Measured on DLS-410B

Theoretical (T1.417)


Appendix C: Test ResultsT1.417 Cable Model

Figure C-2. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Distance of 3 kft 26 AWG

Figure C-3. Input Impedance for 3 kft 26 AWG Ohm Straight Loop (100Ω Termination)

0.00E+00

1.00E-06

2.00E-06

3.00E-06

4.00E-06

5.00E-06

6.00E-06

7.00E-06

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]

Measured DLS 410A Theoretical (T1.417)



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-50

0

50

100

150

200

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300

350

1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

danc

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hms]

ReZin Measured DLS 410A ImZin Measured DLS 410A ReZin Theoretical (T1.417) ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)

ReZin Measured on DLS-410BImZin Measured on DLS-410BReZin Theoretical (T1.417)ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)



Bridged Tap Loop Test Results

The following results are based on the bridged-tap loop shown in Figure C-4, using the T1.417 Cable Model.

Figure C-4. Custom Bridged Tap Loop

Figure C-5. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Bridged Tap Loop (Figure C-4)

-90

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-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]

Measured DLS 410A






Figure C-6. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Bridged Tap Loop (Figure C-4)

Figure C-7. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side for Bridged Tap Loop (100Ω Termination)

-1.00E-06

1.00E-06

3.00E-06

5.00E-06

7.00E-06

9.00E-06

1.10E-05

1.30E-05

1.50E-05

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]




-300

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-100

0

100

200

300

400

1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

danc

e [O

hms]

ReZin Measured DLS 410A ReZin Theoretical (T1.417)ImZin Measured DLS 410A ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)

ReZin Measured on DLS-410BReZin Theoretical (T1.417)ImZin Measured on DLS-410BImZin Theoretical (T1.417)



Figure C-8. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side for Bridged Tap Loop (100Ω Termination)

ANSI #13 Test Results

The following results are based on the modified ANSI #13 loop shown in Figure C-9, using the T1.417 Cable Model. The first segment has been modified from the standard length of 9000 ft to 2000 ft.

Figure C-9. ANSI #13 Loop - Modified

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

danc

e [O

hms]

ReZin Measured DLS 410A ReZin Theoretical (T1.417) ImZin Measured DLS 410A ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)




Figure C-10. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified ANSI #13 Loop

Figure C-11. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified ANSI #13 Loop

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]




0.0E+00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

1.4E-05

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]

Measured DLS 410A






Figure C-12. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side on Modified ANSI #13 Loop (100Ω Termination)

Figure C-13. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side on Modified ANSI #13 Loop (100Ω Termination)

-200

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-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

10000 100000 1000000 10000000

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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hms]



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0

50

100

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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CSA #4 Loop Test Results

The following results are based on the modified CSA #4 loop shown in Figure C-14, using the T1.417 Cable Model. Most segments have been modified from the standard lengths.

Figure C-14. CSA #4 Loop - Modified

Figure C-15. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified CSA #4 Loop

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]

Measured DLS 410A






Figure C-16. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified CSA #4 Loop

Figure C-17. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side for Modified CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

0.0E+00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]

Measured DLS 410A




-300

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0

100

200

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400

1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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hms]

ReZin Measured DLS 410 AImZin Measured DLS 410 AReZin Theoretical (T1.417)ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)




Figure C-18. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side for Modified CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

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0

50

100

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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hms]

ReZin Measured DLS 410 AImZin Measured DLS 410 AReZin Theoretical (T1.417)ImZin Theoretical (T1.417)



Appendix C: Test ResultsG.996.1 Cable Model

G.996.1 Cable ModelThe following subsections show results for loops simulated as per the G.996.1 cable model:

• “Straight Loop Test Results” on page 114

• “Bridged Tap Loop Test Results” on page 116

• “ANSI #13 Test Results” on page 118

• “CSA #4 Loop Test Results” on page 121

• “CSA #4 (Modified) Loop Test Results” on page 123.

Straight Loop Test Results

The following results are based on a straight loop configuration using the G.996.1 Cable Model.

Figure C-19. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical, 3 kft - 21 kft 26 AWG (3 kft Steps)


Theoretical (G.996.1)

Inse

rtio

n Lo

ss [d

B]



Figure C-20. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for a Distance of 9 kft 26 AWG

Figure C-21. Input Impedance for 9kft 26 AWG Straight Loop with Termination of 100Ω

0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

2.5E-05

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]

Measured DLS 410A




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0

50

100

150

200

250

1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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hms]

ReZin Maesured on DLS 410 AImZin Maesured on DLS 410 AReZin Theoretical (G.996.1)ImZin Theoretical (G.996.1)

ReZin Measured on DLS-410BImZin Measured on DLS-410BReZin Theoretical (G.996.1)ImZin Theoretical (G.996.1)



Bridged Tap Loop Test Results

The following results are based on the bridged tap loop shown in Figure C-22, using the G.996.1 Cable Model.

Figure C-22. Custom Bridged Tap Loop

Figure C-23. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Bridged Tap Loop (Figure C-22)

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-90

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-50

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-30

-20

-10

0

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]

Measured DLS 410A






Figure C-24. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Bridged Tap Loop (Figure C-22)

Figure C-25. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side for Bridged Tap Loop (100Ω Termination)

0.00E+00

5.00E-06

1.00E-05

1.50E-05

2.00E-05

2.50E-05

3.00E-05

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]

Measured DLS 410A Theoretical (G.996.1)



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0

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100

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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hms]

ReZin Maesured on DLS 410 AReZin Theoretical (G.996.1)ImZin Maesured on DLS 410 AImZin Theoretical (G.996.1)

ReZin Measured on DLS-410BReZin Theoretical (G.996.1)ImZin Measured on DLS-410BImZin Theoretical (G.996.1)



Figure C-26. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side for Bridged Tap Loop (100Ω Termination)

ANSI #13 Test Results

The following results are based on the standard ANSI #13 loop shown in Figure C-27, using the G.996.1 Cable Model.

Figure C-27. ANSI #13 Loop

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

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Figure C-28. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Standard ANSI #13 Loop

Figure C-29. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Standard ANSI #13

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-10

0

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]

Measured DLS 410A




0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

2.5E-05

3.0E-05

3.5E-05

4.0E-05

4.5E-05

0.0E+00 1.0E+05 2.0E+05 3.0E+05 4.0E+05 5.0E+05 6.0E+05 7.0E+05 8.0E+05 9.0E+05

frequency [Hz]

Gro

up d

elay

[sec

]






Figure C-30. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side on Standard ANSI #13 Loop (100Ω Termination)

Figure C-31. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side on Standard ANSI #13 Loop (100Ω Termination)

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

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Impe

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hms]



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frequency [Hz]

Impe

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CSA #4 Loop Test Results

The following results are based on the modified CSA #4 loop shown in Figure C-32, using the G.996.1 Cable Model.

Figure C-32. CSA #4 Loop

Figure C-33. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Standard CSA #4 Loop

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-10

0

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06 1.6E+06 1.8E+06 2.0E+06

frequency [Hz]

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss [d

B]






Figure C-34. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Standard CSA #4 Loop

Figure C-35. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side for Standard CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

2.5E-05

3.0E-05

0.0E+00 2.0E+05 4.0E+05 6.0E+05 8.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06 1.6E+06 1.8E+06 2.0E+06

frequency [Hz]

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[sec

]




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frequency [Hz]

Impe

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Figure C-36. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side for Standard CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

CSA #4 (Modified) Loop Test Results

The following results are based on the modified CSA #4 loop shown in Figure C-37, using the G.996.1 Cable Model. Most segments have been modified from the standard lengths.

Figure C-37. Modified CSA #4 Loop

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1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07

frequency [Hz]

Impe

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Figure C-38. Insertion Loss: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified CSA #4 Loop

Figure C-39. Group Delay: DLS-410B vs Theoretical for Modified CSA #4 Loop

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0

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

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rtio

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ss [d

B]




0.0E+00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

1.4E-05

0.0E+00 5.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.5E+06 2.0E+06 2.5E+06 3.0E+06 3.5E+06 4.0E+06 4.5E+06

frequency [Hz]

Gro

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[sec

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Figure C-40. Input Impedance from ATU-C Side for Modified CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

Figure C-41. Input Impedance from ATU-R Side for Modified CSA #4 Loop (100Ω Termination)

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Appendix D

ESD Requirements

Spirent Communications manufactures and sells products that require industry standard precautions to protect against damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). This document explains the proper process for handling and storing electrostatic discharge sensitive (ESDS) devices, assemblies, and equipment.

The requirements presented in this document comply with the EIA Standard, ANSI/ESD S20.20-1999: Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program, and apply to anyone who handles equipment that is sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Such equipment includes, but it not limited to:

• All electronic assemblies manufactured by Spirent Communications

• Discrete and integrated circuit semiconductors

• Hybrid microcircuits

• Thin film passive devices

• Memory modules

! Caution: Failure to comply with the requirements explained in this document poses risks to the performance of ESDS devices, as well as to your investment in the equipment.

General Equipment Handling

Whenever you handle a piece of ESDS equipment, you must be properly grounded to avoid harming the equipment. Also, when transporting the equipment, it must be packaged properly. Follow the requirements below to help ensure equipment protection.

• Wrist straps must be worn by any person handling the equipment to provide normal grounding.

• The use of foot straps is encouraged to supplement normal grounding. If foot straps are used exclusively, two straps (one on each foot) should be used. Note that foot straps are only applicable in environments that use ESD flooring and/or floor mats.

• Hold ESDS equipment by the edges only; do not touch the electronic components or gold connectors.

• When transporting equipment between ESD protected work areas, the equipment must be contained in ESD protective packaging. Equipment that is received in ESD protective packaging must be opened either by a person who is properly grounded or at an ESD protected workstation.


Appendix D: ESD Requirements

• Any racks or carts used for the temporary storage or transport of ESDS equipment must be grounded either by drag chains or through direct connection to earth ground. Loose parts that are not protected by ESD-safe packaging must not be transported on carts.

Workstation Preparation

The ideal setup for working with ESDS equipment is a workstation designed specifically for that purpose. Figure D-1 illustrates an ESD protected workstation. Please follow the requirements listed below to prepare a proper ESD protected workstation.

• The ESD Ground must be the equipment earth ground. Equipment earth ground is the electrical ground (green) wire at the receptacles.

• An ESD protected workstation consists of a table or workbench with a static dissipative surface or mat that is connected to earth ground. A resistor in the grounding wire is optional, providing that surface resistance to ground is ≥ 105 to ≤ 109 Ω.

• The workstation must provide for the connection of a wrist strap. The wrist strap must contain a current limiting resistor with a value from ≥ 250K Ω to ≤ 10M Ω.

• ESD protective flooring or floor mats are required when floor-grounding devices (foot straps/footwear) are used or when it is necessary to move in between ESD protected workstations when handling ESDS equipment.

Figure D-1. ESD Protected Workstation

Note: The equipment needed for proper grounding is available in ESD service kits, such as the ESD Field Service Kit available from Spirent Communications (P/N 170-1800). Additional information on ESD can be found on the following website: http://www.esda.org/aboutesd.html

ESD protective surface or matOptional resistor

Wrist strap

ESD protective floor mat (optional)


http://www.esda.org/aboutesd.html

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