openoffice-mathguide

8/10/2019 OpenOffice-MathGuide

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Math Guide

The OpenOffice.org Equation Editor

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Copyright

This document is !opyright 2""#$2"%" by its contributors as listedin the section titledAuthors. &ou may distribute it and'or modify itunder the terms of either the )* eneral Public +icense, version or

later, or the !reative !ommons -ttribution +icense, version ." orlater. -ll trademars within this guide belong to their legitimateowners.

Authors

Daniel !arrera-gnes /el0uncePeter 1upferIan +aurenson

anet 3. 4wisherean 5ollis 6eber3ichele 7arri

Feedback

Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to8authors9documentation.openoffice.org

Publication date and software version

Published # :ctober 2"%". /ased on :pen:ffice.org .2.%.

You can downloadan editable version of this document from

http://oooauthors.org/english/userguide3/published/


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Contents

What is Math?..............................................................................4

etting started....................................................................................;

Entering a formula.......................................................................5

The clic (conte?t menu..................................................................@

3arup...............................................................................................A

ree characters................................................................................B

Customizations...........................................................................11

Formula editor as a floating window.................................................%%

5ow can I mae a formula biggerC...................................................%2Formula layout...........................................................................13

/racets are your friends..................................................................%


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What is Math?

3ath is :pen:ffice.org (::oGs component for writing mathematicaleuations. It is most commonly used as an euation editor for te?tdocuments, but it can also be used with other types of documents or

stand>alone. 6hen used inside 6riter, the euation is treated as anobHect inside the te?t document.

NoteThe euation editor is for writing euations in symbolic form, asin euation %. If you want to evaluate a numeric value, see the!alc uide.

dfx

dx

=ln x tan1

x2 (%

Getting started

To insert an euation, go to 'nsert ( )b*e"t ( Formula.

The euation editor opens at the bottom of the screen, and the floating


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ntering a for!ula

The euation editor uses a marup language to represent formulas. Fore?ample, &betacreates the ree character beta ( . This marup isdesigned to read similar to


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The


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"igure %: ,esult of selecting the multiplication s)mbol

The MCN symbols shown in Figure ; are placeholders that you canreplace by other te?t, for e?ample 5and 4. The euation will updateautomatically, and the result should resemble Figure #.

"igure *: ,esult of entering * and % ne-t to the times operator

"ipTo eep the euation from updating automatically, select,ie-(Auto+#ate #is+lay. To update a formula manually, press"or select,ie- ( +#ate.

#ight$click %conte&t' !enu

-nother way to access mathematical symbols is to right>clic on the

euation editor. This pops up the menu shown in Figure . The items inthis menu correspond e?actly to those in the


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"igure +: ,ight0clic1 2conte-t menu

Markup

&ou can type the marup directly in the euation editor. For e?ample,you can type 5 times 4to obtain 54 . If you now the marup, thiscan be the fastest way to enter a formula.

"ipThe formula marup resembles the way the formula reads in


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Greek characters

ree characters ( , , , , etc are common in mathematicalformulas. These characters are not available in the Elements windowor the right0clic1 menu. Fortunately, the marup for ree charactersis simple8 Type a sign followed the name of the character, in clic on a ree letterfrom the list. The marup name of the character is shown below the listwindow.

"igure : ()mbols catalog$ used for entering ree1 characters

and some special s)mbols

Entering a formula


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Example 2: 3.14159For this e?ample we will suppose that8

K 6e want to enter the above formula (the value of pi rounded to #decimal places.

K6e now the name of the ree character (pi.K /ut we do not now the marup associated with the symbol.

2te+ 18 Type %followed by the te?t pi. This displays the reecharacter .

2te+ 8 :pen the .

2te+ 58 Delete the MCN te?t and add 3!4!5"at the end of theeuation. 6e end up with the marup %pi simeq 3!4!5". The resultis shown in Figure %".

#6 OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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"igure #6. "inal result

Custo!i(ations

For!ula editor as a floating window

The formula editor can cover a large part of the 6riter window. To turnthe formula editor into a floating window, do this8

% 5over the mouse over the editor frame, as shown in Figure %%.

2 5old down the !ontroley and double>clic.

"igure ##: Turning the formula editor into a floating window

Figure %2 shows the result. &ou can doc the floating window again by

using the same steps. 5old down the !ontroley and double>clic thewindow frame.

"igure #': "ormula editor as a floating window

!ustomi7ations ##


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)ow can * !ake a for!ula bigger?

This is one of the most common uestions people as about ::o 3ath.The answer is simple, but not intuitive8

% 4tart the formula editor and choose Format ( Font size.

"igure #3: !hanging the font si7e for a formula

2 4elect a larger font si0e under8ase si7e(top>most entry, asshown in Figure %.

"igure #%. Edit 8ase si7e 2top to ma1e a formula bigger

The result of this change is illustrated in Figure %;.

"igure #*. ,esult of changing the base font si7e.

#' OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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For!ula layout

The most difficult part of using ::o 3ath comes when writingcomplicated formulas. This section provides some advice.

+rackets are your friends

::o 3ath nows nothing about order of operation. &ou must usebracets to state the order of operations e?plicitly. !onsider thefollowing e?ample.

Markup Result

# $e& ' ( ! 2

x1

# $e& )' ( !* 2

x1

,uations over !ore than one line

4uppose you want to type an euation covering more than one line. For

e?ample8 x=3y=1

&our first reaction would be to simply press theEnterey. 5owever, ifyou press theEnterey, though the marup goes to a new line, theresulting euation does not. &ou must type the newline commande?plicitly. This is illustrated in the table below.

Markup Result

' + 3

, + ! x=3y=1

' + 3 -e.li-e

, + !

x=3y=1

)ow do * add li!its to !y su!-integral?

The sum and int commands can (optionally tae the parametersfromand to. These are used for lower and upper limits respectively. Theseparameters can be used singly or together. +imits for integrals areusually treated as subscripts and superscripts.

Markup Result

"ormula la)out #3


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Markup Result

i-t /&$m 0 t$ ' /1t2 t

or

i-t0' /1t2 t

0

x

f t dt or 0

x

f tdt

i-t /&$m 6e / f

s7m t$ i-/i-it, #)8-*

2n

Note For more details on integrals and sums, see page 22.

+rackets with !atrices look ugly.

For bacground, we start with an overview of the matri? command.

Markup Result

mat&i' ) a 9 b 99 : 9 * a b

c d

Note=ows are separated by two UGs and entries within each row areseparated by one U.

The first problem people have with matrices is that bracets do notscale with the matri?8

Markup Result

1 mat&i' ) a 9 b 99 : 9 * 2 a b

c d

::o 3ath provides scalable bracets. That is, the bracets grow in

si0e to match the si0e of their contents. *se the commands left2andrightto mae scalable bracets.

Markup Result

le/t1 mat&i' ) a 9 b 99 : 9 * &ight2 a bc d

"ip *se left9and rightto obtain suare bracets.

#% OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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)ow do * !ake a derivative?

3aing derivatives essentially comes down to one tric8 Tell OOo it;s afraction.

In other words, you have to use the overcommand. !ombine this with

either the letter d(for a total derivative or the partialcommand (for apartial derivative to achieve the effect of a derivative.

Note)otice that we have to use braces (suiggly bracets to maethe derivative.

Markup Result

)/* $e& )'* df

dx

)pa&tial /* $e& )pa&tial ,* f

y

)pa&tial# /* $e& )pa&tial t#* 2 f

t2

)ow do * align !y e,uations at the e,uals sign?

::o 3ath does not have a command for aligning euations on aparticular character, but you can use a matri? to do this, as shownbelow.

Markup Result

mat&i')

alig-& '(, 9 )*+)* 9 alig-l # 99

alig-& ' 9 )*+)* 9 alig-l #8,

*

xy = 2x = 2y

The empty braces around O are necessary because O is a binaryoperator and thus needs an e?pression on each side.

&ou can reduce the spacing around O if you change the inter>columnspacing of the matri?8

% 6ith the euation editor open, choose Format ( 2+a"ingfromthe menu bar.

"ormula la)out #*


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"igure #+: !hanging spacing in a matri- formula

2 In the 4pacing dialog (Figure %, clic the Categorybutton andselect Matri"esin the drop>down menu.


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DoneE If you later add more euations to the paper before thereferenced euation, all the euations will automatically renumber andthe cross>references will update.

"igure #.


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Math co!!ands $ #eference

/nary - binary operators

Operation Command Display Vsign V% 1

$sign $% 1

V'$ sign V$% 1

$'V sign +1 1

/oolean not neg a a

-ddition V a V b ab

Dot product a cdot b ab

3ultiplication (W a times b ab

3ultiplication (asteris a X b a!b

/oolean YandG a and b a"b

4ubtraction ($ a $ b ab

Division (as a fraction a over b a

b

Division (as an operator a div b a#bDivision (with a slash a ' b a $b

/oolean YorG a or b a%b

!oncatenation a circ b a &b

#4 OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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#elational operators

Operation Command Display

Is eual a O b a=b

Is not eual a MN b a'2

-ppro?imately a appro? 2 a(2

Divides a divides b a)b

Does not divide a ndivides b a * b

+ess than a M 2 a+2

reater than a N 2 a,2

4imilar to or eual a sime b ab

Parallel a parallel b a-b:rthogonal to a ortho b a . b

+ess than or eual to a leslant b a/b

reater than or eual to a geslant b a0b

4imilar to a sim b a1b

!ongruent a euiv b a2b

+ess than or eual to a MO b ab

reater than or eual to a NO b a3b

Proportional a prop b a 4 b

Toward a toward b a b

-rrow left a dlarrow b a 5 b

Double arrow left and right a dlrarrow b a 6 b

-rrow right a drarrow b a 7 b

Math commands 0 ,eference #


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0et operations


Is in a in / a 8B

Is not in a notin / a 9B

:wns - owns b A:b


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Functions



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1perators

-ll operators can be used with the limit functions (fromJ and toJ.


+imit limaQ lim a

4um sumaQ a

Product prodaQ N a

!oproduct coprodaQ O a

*pper and lower boundsshown with integral

int from rS"Q to rStQ a r0

rt

a

Integral intaQ a

Double integral iintaQ Pa

Triple integral iiintaQ Qa

+ower bound shown withsummation symbol

sum fromQb 3

b

!ontour integral lint a Ra

Double curved integral llint a S a

Triple curved integral lllint a Ta*pper bound shown withproduct symbol

prod toQ r N3

r

'' OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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Attributes


-cute accent acute a Ua

rave accent grave a Va

=everse circumfle? chec a Wa

/reve breve a Xa

!ircle circle a Ya

Lector arrow vec a Za

Tilde tilde a [a

!ircumfle? hat a \a

+ine above bar a ]aDot dot a a

6ide vector arrow widevec abc Zabc

6ide tilde widetilde abc [abc

6ide circumfle? widehat abc \abc

Double dot ddot a _a

+ine over overline abc abc

+ine under underline abc abc

+ine through overstrie abc acb

Triple dot dddot a a

Transparent (useful to get aplaceholder of a given si0e

phantom a

/old font bold a a

Italic font% ital aJ a

=esi0e font si0e % v qv

Following item in sans serif font2 font sans v qv

Following item in serif font font serif v qv

Following item in fi?ed font font fi?ed v qv

% *nuoted te?t that is not a command is considered to be a variable. Lariables are, bydefault, italici0ed.

2 There are three custom fonts8 sans serif (without ics, serifs (with ics, and fi?ed(non>proportional. To change the actual fonts used for custom fonts and the fontsused for variables (unuoted te?t, numbers and functions, use Format ( Fonts.

Math commands 0 ,eference '3


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3ae color of following te?t cyan color cyan v qv

3ae color of following te?t yellow color yellowv qv

3ae color of following te?t white color white v qv

3ae color of following te?t green color green v qv

3ae color of following te?t blue color blue v qv

3ae color of following te?t red color red v qv

3ae color green returns to defaultcolor blac

color green W v Xqv

/race items to change color of morethan one item

color green W vQ X qv

For all coloring, the color will apply only to the te?t immediately following thecommand until the ne?t space is encountered. In order to have the color apply tomore characters, place the te?t you want in color in curly bracets.

'% OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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Miscellaneous


Infinity infinity

Partial partial

)abla nabla a

There e?ists e?ists b

For all forall c

5 bar hbar d

+ambda bar lambdabar e

=eal part re

Imaginary part im f6eierstrass p wp g

+eft arrow leftarrow h

=ight arrow rightarrow

*p arrow uparrow i

Down arrow downarrow j

Dots at bottom dotslow k

Dots at middle dotsa?is l

Dots vertical dotsvert m

Dots diagonal upward dotsup n

Dots diagonal downward dotsdown o

Math commands 0 ,eference '*


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+rackets


=ound /racets (a a

4uare /racets [b\ p bq

Double 4uare /racets ldbracet c rdbracet rcs

4ingle line lline a rline )a)

Double line ldline a rdline -a-

/races lbrace w rbrace twu

-ngle /racets langle d rangle vdw

:perator /racets langle a mline b rangle v a)bw

roup bracets (used forprogram control aQ a

4calable round bracets(add the word leftJ beforea left bracet and rightJbefore a right bracet

left ( staca U b U 0Qright

a

b

z4uare bracets scalable

(as above

left [ stac ? U yQ right \ pxy qDouble suare bracetsscalable

left ldbracet c rightrdbracet

r c s

+ine scalable left lline a right rline )a)

Double line scalable left ldline d right rdline -d-

/race scalable left lbrace e right rbrace t e u

-ngle bracet scalable left langle f right rangle v fw

:perator bracets scalableleft langle g mline h rightrangle

vg)h w

:ver brace scalableThe brace is aboveQoverbrace a Thebraceis abvex

a

*nder brace scalablethe brace isbelowQunderbrace fQ

the braceis belwyf

'+ OpenOffice.org 3 Math uide


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For!ats


+eft superscript a lsupbQ ab

!enter superscript a csupbQ a

b

=ight superscript aRbQ ab

+eft subscript a lsubbQ ab

!enter subscript a csubbQ ab

=ight subscript aSbQ ab

-lign character to left (te?tis aligned center by default

stac 5ello world Ualignl(a Q

!ell wrld

a

-lign character to center stac5ello world Ualignc(aQ

!ell wrld

a

-lign character to rightstac 5ello world Ualignr(aQ

!ell wrld

a

Lertical stac of 2 binomaQbQ a

b

Lertical stac, more than 2 staca U b U 0Qa

b

z

3atri?

matri?a U b UUc U dQ

a b

c d


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Caution

In locali0ed versions of 6riter, the marup names of ree andspecial characters are locali0ed. If this document is not locali0edto the same language, then the names below ma) not wor1forinput. &ou may still use the 4ymbol catalog (Figure @ to selectthe desired character by its glyph. This will also display the

character]s locali0ed marup name.:nce entered, the characters will display properly in anylanguage.

Characters 2 Greek

-+P5- A /


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*nde&

7bracets (3ath %bracets commands (3ath 2

Ccharacters $ special (3ath 2Acharacters $ ree (3ath 2A

8derivative marup (3ath %#

Eeuation

inserting ;

numbering %euation editor ;euation editor

bracets %derivative marup %#

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