openness and the disaggregated future of higher education
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Openness and the Disaggregated Future of Education
David Wiley, PhDDepartment of Instructional Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
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This Is Your 11:20 Wake-up Call
Your institution will be irrelevant by 2020
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“The World is Changed”
Galadriel, Lord of the Rings
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It’s Actually Worse (or Better)
The World is Changing
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Analog Digital
Music, Phones, TV, Newspapers,Movies, Journals, Communications,
Intelligence, Defense
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Tethered Mobile
Phones, Internet Access,Employment
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Isolated Connected
People, Content, Systems
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Generic Personal
Cars, Computers, Mobile Phones
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Consuming Creating
Radio / Podcasting, Newspapers / Blogs Movies / Vodcasting
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Closed Open
Software (OSs, Applications), Data (Weather, GIS),
Content (Blogs, Wikis)
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Then vs NowAnalog Digital
Tethered MobileIsolated ConnectedGeneric Personal
Consumption CreatingClosed Open
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Education vs EverydayAnalog Digital
Tethered MobileIsolated ConnectedGeneric Personal
Consumption CreatingClosed Open
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“Daily Divide” Is a Huge Threat
And the wider the disconnect, the bigger the threat to higher
education
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But Wait! We’re Education!
Our historic monopoly is (gratefully) being challenged on almost every
front
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Why Do Students Come?
Content, Support Services Social Life, Degrees
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Content
OpenCourseWares, Wikipedia, Public Library of Science, Arxiv.org,
Google Scholar, Flat World Knowledge, etc.
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Support Services
ChaCha, Yahoo! Answers, RateMyProfessor, Email, Instant
Messaging, Twitter, etc.
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Social Life
Facebook, MySpace, MMOG,iPhone location-aware apps, etc.
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Degrees
MCSE, RHCE, CCNA
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The Monopoly Is Being Busted
Everything we provide is now offered by someone else
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When Institutions Specialize
They usually provide better quality at a better price
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Higher Ed, On the Other Hand
76% increase in cost over 10 yearsHow’s our quality?
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Industries Failing Everywhere
Banks, Insurance, AutomobilesHigher Education?
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A Bail Out for Higher Ed?
Utah 4% cut, Pennsylvania 5 % cut,
Massachusetts 5 % cut, Virginia 7 % cut
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No Monopoly and No Bail Out
How can we innovate to stay relevant?
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What About E-learning?
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What About E-learning?
Quite innovative in 1995!
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Characteristics of E-learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consuming or Creating
Closed or Open
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We’ve Only Changed the Channel
Our pedagogy and philosophy are as just as they’ve always been
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The Polo Parable
A story about our move to onlineteaching and learning
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We’re Swimming on Horseback
And rather proud of ourselves,I must say
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Online is a Different Place
The goals of teaching are the same,but the culture and rules in that space
are only sort of the same
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We’re Celebrating the Mass in Latin
And our students are expecting charismatic worship with guitars, drums,
and “Amen!”s
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It’s About Respect
Its about valuing culture and designing for it just as we would if teaching in Bangalore,
Beijing, or Barcelona
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Some Say Learning Has Changed
Digital natives or millennials have brains that function differently
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It’s About ATIs
In the “aptitude by treatment interaction” literature, the only individual difference that
matters is prior knowledge
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Openness is the Cornerstone
Openness underpins everything interesting happening online and is “what they know”
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Why Make Such a Claim?
Let’s ask Alexa what the 50 most popular sites on the web are…
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Sites Where Anyone Can:
Share a video, share a photo, share a blog post, share their personal info, share their
ratings, share their files, share their expertise
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Characteristics of E-learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consumption or Creating
Closed or Open
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Connecting
You can’t connect to something if you don’t have access to it
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Personalizing
You can’t adapt or localize somethingif you don’t have the rights to modify it
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Creating
You won’t be creative if there’s no outlet for your work
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How Might We Open Things?
Higher Ed needs to figure this out
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Materials Intended for Teachers
Teachers only account for 15% of users
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Lecture Notes Courses
Around $15k per course
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Video-based Courses
Around $30k per course
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“Open 1.0”
Hundreds of universities around the globe sharing over 6,000 courses
(Will you show up on Google?)
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Surely There Are Other Ways?
Sharing some experiments
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Connecting and Openness
Sharing some experiments
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Personalizing and Openness
Sharing some experiments
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Creating and Openness
Sharing some experiments
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Being Even More Open
Sharing some experiments
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Character Classes
• Bard (Master of the lore, history, and politics of the field, know what's “out there”)
• Artisan (Has materials production skills in all the necessary Web 1.0 and 2.0 tools like HTML, video sharing, podcasting)
• Monk (Master of copyright and licensing arcana and defender of the university brand)
• Merchant (Deals with short- and long-term sustainability issues)
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Education Will Eventually Be Open
And involve connecting, personalizing, and creating - just like everything else does
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Will Higher Education Be Open?
Can your school find the institutional will to change?
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Institutional Disaggregation
MIT OpenCourseWare, Western Governors University
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Value of Integration?
As compared to“specialized pieces loosely joined”
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Not a Technology Problem
Look around the Internet – not only do the technologies we need exist, they’re open source
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This Is a Policy Problem
Higher education is behaving like the recording and movie industries
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Policy To Defend Tradition
Rather than innovating
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You Must Engage in Policy Reform
Ignoring the growing problem is not a strategy
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“It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.”
W. E. Deming
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“You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change
something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”
Buckminster Fuller
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Student Learning May Suffer
The market will likely meet students’ increasingly unmet needs
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Your Employment Will Suffer
When your institution collapsesas Googlers find better alternatives
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“The last temptation is the greatest treason, To do the right deed
for the wrong reason.”
Archbishop Thomas Beckett (T. S. Eliot)
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Innovate for the Students
To fulfill your sacred trust as a teacher