Opener: 10/16 - #6

COPY and answer the following:

Based on what you already know about Europe, what are the similarities and differences of life there compare to living in the United States?

3-5 Complete Sentences

Classical Europe - #7

European History & Government

Classical Europe• Ancient Greece & Ancient Rome

oGreeks – early 400s and 300s BCEoRomans – Between 275 BCE and 476 CE

Geographical Advantages

1) Mild climate o Societies had time

to develop complex institutions such as governments

2) Mediterranean Sea encouraged overseas tradeo Exchanging of

ideas = advances in knowledge

Ancient Greece• Greeks were organized

into city-states.

• City-state: a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding areas

• The two most important city states were Athens and Sparta.

Ancient GreeceAthens

• Developed the first democracy

• Democracy: a government in which the people rule

• Helped inspire the U.S. system of government

Sparta

• Instead of a democracy, Sparta built a military state.

• Women had more rights than the women in Athens

• Eventually, conquered Athens

Classical Greece

• Parthenon – most famous structure in Ancient Greece

• Olympic Games were created by the GreeksoOlympic events

consisted of running, wrestling, boxing, chariot races, and many other events.

Alexander the Great 356 - 323 BCE

• Alexander unified Greek and Macedonian forces to extend his empire to modern day Pakistan.

• He died at the age of 32 and is considered one of the greatest military leaders in history.

• He helped spread the Greek culture and blend it with others in the East.

Macedonian Empire

Ancient Rome• The Romans began their

powerful empire in the mid-1st century BCE and it lasted until 476 CE.

• Republic: a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name

• Christianity eventually became Rome’s official religion

• The Romans eventually took over almost all of the area around the Mediterranean Sea.

Height of the Roman Empire – 118 CE

End of the Roman Empire

• Empire was too big for a single government – split in two: western & eastern

• Western – grew weak, fell to Germanic invaders from the north

• Eastern – transformed into the Byzantium Empire which lasted another 1000 years.

Crusades• European

Christians launched the Crusades

• Crusades: a series of religious wars to take Palestine (Jerusalem) from the Muslims

Brought wealth and power to the Italians

Crusades

• Christians hold Jerusalem sacred because this is where Christians believe Jesus was buried and resurrected into heaven.

• Muslims hold it sacred because this is where Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Middle Ages• The period between the Fall of Rome and

the Renaissance is called the Middle Ages – 500-1400 CE

• Feudalism replaced centralized government in many places in Western Europe

• Feudalism: a political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land

Bubonic Plague

• 1347, bubonic plague (Black Death) reached Italy

• Spread throughout Europe by trade routes

• 25 million Europeans died, ¼ to 1/3 of the total population

• http://www.history.com/topics/black-death

Renaissance

• Began in Italy in the 14th century and lasted through the 16th century

• The Renaissance was a “rebirth” in learning and the arts

Renaissance Artists

• Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa & Last Supper

• Michelangelo – Sculpture of David

Protestant Reformation• People began questioning the

authority of the Catholic Church

• Martin Luther criticized church practices he believed were wrong – For example: individuals could ask for forgiveness without a priest

• Reformation: a period where many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches

Protestant Reformation

• Led Catholics and Protestants to fight religious wars that tore Europe apart

• Mostly Catholic – Italy, France, Spain

• Mostly Protestant – G.B., Netherlands, Switzerland

The Age of Discovery• Mid-1400s to early 1500s• Europeans were looking for new

trade routes to India and China.• Many merchants wanted to skip the

middle-man in trading and keep more of the profits themselves.

• This began the new era of sea travel looking for new routes.

The Age of Exploration1450s -1600s

• Bartholomew Dias – first to reach Africa’s Cape of Good Hope.

• Chris Columbus – heads west to look for western route to Asia.

• Vasco da Gama – Rounds Cape of Good Hope and reaches India.

• Magellan – 5 ships and 270 men set off to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan dies on the trip. Eighteen of his crew and one ship make it back to port. Took ~ 3 years.

Classical Europe Timeline - #8

Using TB pages 289-301, create a timeline, in chronological order, with the following events:• Renaissance• Middle Ages• Ancient Greece• Bubonic Plague• Reformation• Roman Empire• Crusades

Include the following on your timeline:1)Date(s) of event2)Description of

event3)Illustration related

to event**Make sure you find the dates before completing your timeline!!

Classical Europe Timeline2000 B.C.–338 BCEAncient Greece Birthplace of democracy