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Open PrisonReleased prisoners convalescence


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Open- air institutions are essentials a twentieth century device for

rehabilitating offenders to normal life in the society through an

intensive after care programme.

Open air prisons play an important role in the scheme ofreformation of prisoners which has to be recognized as one of the

essential objectives of prison management.

Introduction


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a) United Nations ongress--

!"n open institution is characterized by the absence of

material and physical precautions against escape such as walls#

loc$s# bars and armed guards etc.# and by a system based on self-

discipline and innate sense of responsibility towards the group inwhich he lives.%

i.e &inimum 'ecurity devices for inmates to rehabilitate them in

society after final release .

Defnition


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a) (n the closing years of nineteenth century# a semi-open prison

institution called the itzwill establishment was set up in

'witzerland.

b) Open prisons in modern sense were# however# established# in U.* in

+,/s and in United 'tates around +,0/s.

c) 1hilosophy underlying those minimum security institutions was based

on the following basic assumptions---

i) " person is sent to prison as apunishment not for punishment

ii) " person cannot be trained for freedom unless conditions of his

captivity and restraints are considerably rela2ed.iii) 3he gap between the institutional life and free life outside the prison

should be minimized so as to ensure the return of inmate as a law

abiding member of society.

Origin-


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a) U'"

3he convicts who are nearing the end of their sentence were generally

transferred from conventional prisons to these open farms in forests as

labourers. 42perience with these prison labourers was 5uite encouraging .

(t was therefore# realized that majority of these prisoners could be

trusted if engaged in corrective wor$ outside the guarded enclosures under

unarmed supervisors.

" number of open prison camps were operating in &assachusetts and

alifornia in U.'." as early as +,+6.

Open Prison in other countries


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U'"- cont.

3he 7eclaration of 1rinciples of the "merican orrectional "ssociation

spelt out the philosophy of open peno-correctional institutions as

follows8

i) No law# procedure or system of correction should deprive anyoffender of the hope and possibility of his ultimate return to

responsible membership of the society.

ii) (n order to ensure restoration of the offender to the community as a

self-restraining member# he must be e2tended every opportunity to

raise his educational level# improve vocational s$ills .iii) (t would be gross violation of the concept of rehabilitation# if

offenders are not offered opportunity to be engaged in productive

wor$.

Other Countries


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b) Netherlands 9:alland)

3he inmates of these open prisons are allowed to mingle freely

with members of society while at wor$ as also during leisure. 3he

inmates are e2pected to spend their leisure time within the

institutional framewor$ with opportunities to visit the places ofentertainment and recreation .

c) ;rance8

;rance has an open prison institution in asabinaca and a semi-

open (nstitution in Oermingen. 3he inmates in these institutions go

for wor$ as free wor$ers without any supervision and they return tothe prison every evening or during non-wor$ing days.

Other Countries


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d) Norway and 'weden8

Norway and 'weden also established open prisons for their

offenders. 'eparate institutions called 4ducational entre


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f) >elgium---

"de5uate facilities are provided for their education and they are

offered suitable employment after release from the institution. 3he

purpose of these open institutions is socialization of inmates# it

enables the inmate to return to normal social life in spite of his earlydeviance.

g) "ustralia8

=ecidivist who have served a considerable part of their sentence

in a closed prison# are brought to open-prison camp for

rehabilitation before their final release.

Other Countries --


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42perience has shown that dumping the convicts in over crowded

prison cells serves no useful purpose.

3he institution of open prison seems to be viable alternative to

reduce overcrowding in prisons.

3he whole thrust in these open-prison institutions is to ma$e sure

that after release the prisoners may not relapse into crimes and for

this purpose they are given incentives to live a normal free life #

wor$ on fields or carry on occupation of their choice and participate

in games # sports and other recreational facilities.

In India


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Origin and 7evelopment8

3he first "ll (ndia ?ail committee was appointed in +@A to

review the prison administration of this country. >ut this committee

did not favour employment of prisoners on major public wor$s. 3he

'econd ?ail ommittee was appointed +@A0 and recommended theemployment of prisoners on large public wor$s was not only

valuable but also a necessary adjunct to jail administration.

3he "ll (ndia ?ail ommittee of +,+,-B re-asserted the

need for humane treatment of offenders . 3he hairman of the

committee # 'ir "le2ander ardew observed that the most criticalmoment in a convict/s life is not when he goes into the prison but

when he comes out of it.

In Indiacont.


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3he ommittee e2pressed a view that the open air life and

employment in the form of labour were not averse to reformatory

influences.

Main characteristics of open prisons

i) (t enables informal and institutional living in small groups withminimum measure of custody

ii) (t efforts to promote consciousness among inmates about their

social responsibilities.

iii) (t offers ade5uate facilities for training inmates in agriculture

and other related occupations.

iv) (t provides greater responsibilities for inmates to meet their

relatives and friends sot that they can solve their domestic problems

In Indiacont


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Main characteristics---cont.

v) (t ma$e it possible to pay proper attention towards the health and

recreational facilities for inmates.

vi) (t ensures payment of wages in part to the inmates and sending part

to his family.vii) 3he avoidance of unduly long institutional detention of prisoners

is the basic policy underlying the open jails.

In Indiacont


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a) 3hey help in reducing overcrowding in ?ails.

b) 3he operational cost of open prison is far less than the enclosed

prisons.

c) 3he 4ngaging inmates of open air prisons is productive wor$

reduces idleness and $eeps them physically and mentally fit.d) Open prisons offer opportunities for self improvement and

resocialisation to the inmates.

e) 3he removal of prisoners from general prison to an open prison

helps in conservation of natural resources and widens the scope of

rehabilitative process.

Advantages of Open Prisons


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a) The State of U.P was the rst in point of time to setup an open air camp attached to Model prison atLucknow in 1!. on "cto#er 1$ 1%& on the left#ank of river 'handrapra#ha an open air camp wasstarted and proveded (o# to inmates in constructionof dam.

#) ndhra Pradesh followed the suit and started Maulili *ricultural 'olon+ for convicts in 1%!. The

colon+ covers a#out , acres of land and allowsinmates to live with their families .

Open Air Prisons in DierentStates o India


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-t must #e accepted that these open (ails have#ecome a part and parcel of the present da+ prisons+stem. The+ have rendered commenda#le service tosociet+ in *eneral prison communit+ in particular.

The workin* of open prisons over the +ears hasproved #e+ond dou#t that help and not hate should #e

*uidin* principle underl+in* modern prisonadministration.

Critical Appreciation


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