opal-rt rt14 conference: real-time simulator for power system studies
DESCRIPTION
Using a Real Time Simulator for Power System Studies on Distribution Systems Operating Under a Large Penetration of Embedded Generation, McGill University and OPAL-RTTRANSCRIPT
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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D. Mascarella, H.S. Cheema McGill University
Using a Real Time Simulator for Power System Studies on Distribution Systems Operating Under a Large
Penetration of Embedded Generation
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Global proliferation of embedded generation driven by:De-regulation of the power industry
Technological advancements
Continual push for cleaner energy sources
Significant portion to be distribution-connectedMV < 35 kV
Low SCC
Low X/R ratio
Unconventional PCC requires planning studiesProtection
Power quality
Introduction
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE 1547) defines Interconnection as
The result of the process of adding a DR unit to an area Electric Power System.
What is an Interconnection?
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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ProtectionFault detection techniques for interconnection protection schemes featuring
WTGs and synchronous DGs:- Detecting faults
- Detecting islands
Power qualityAssessment and mitigation techniques for distribution feeders featuring
WTGs for:- Voltage rise
- Voltage flicker
- Transformer in-rush currents
DG interconnection studies
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Fast execution times for computationally intensive simulationsProlonged simulation studies
- Flicker studies
- Controller validation
Hardware-in-loop capabilityTest physical devices
- Industrial relays
- Power quality meters and other measurement devices
Implement communication protocols IEC 61850
Real-Time Simulation – Value Proposition
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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3 WANDA real-time simulators Power system studies
- Fast executions
- Hardware-in-loop
- Communication protocols (IEC 61850)
Newly acquired OP4500 simulator Power electronic systems
- Detailed modeling of power switches
- Electric vehicle and motor-drive applications
McGill Real-Time Systems
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Balanced 25 kV rural distribution feeder
Supplies 11 MW, 2.5 MVar load
10 MW wind farm
Distribution Feeder
Zcol
BPCC
120kVSubstation
WTG1
120kV/25kV
Wind Farm
575V/25kV
Zgrid
B1 B2 B3 B4
B11
B10
B13B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B12
Zcol
575V/25kV
WTGN
B14
SCC X/R ratio
PCC 36 MVA 2.5
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Distribution Feeder – Real Time Model
Zcol
BPCC
120kVSubstation
WTG1
120kV/25kV
Wind Farm
575V/25kV
Zgrid
B1 B2 B3 B4
B11
B10
B13B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B12
Zcol
575V/25kV
WTGN
STUBLINES
B14
SUB-NETWORK 1
SUB-NETWORK 2
SUB-NETWORK 3
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Voltage Flicker – Definition
Voltage fluctuations in the 0.05 Hz - 42 Hz range that give rise to noticeableillumination changes
Phenomenon is composed of two factors:
Voltage fluctuations (i.e. objective factor)
Human exposure (i.e. subjective factor)
IEC 641000-4-15: Standard for quantifying flicker levels
Case Study: Voltage Regulation & Flicker Mitigation
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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IEC 641000-4-15: The IEC Flickermeter standardPst – Short term flicker severity metric (10 minutes)
Plt – Long term flicker severity metric (2 hours)
IEC 61000-3-7: Emission limits for fluctuating installations
Flicker Evaluation & Measurement
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Wind flow and local characteristicsMean wind speed
Wind gusts and turbulence intensity
Blade passing effects (i.e. tower shadow and wind shear)
Wind turbine topology and wind penetrationType of wind turbine and associated reactive power control
Rated capacity of the wind farm
Distribution feeder characteristicsShort circuit capacity
X/R ratio
Load type
Factors Influencing Voltage Flicker
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Flicker studies tend to be computationally expensive 10 minute voltage sampling period
Modeling of the power electronic converter
Numerous simulations scenarios needed for comprehensive results
Tailored modeling based on factors which influence flicker Wind speed profile
Wind turbine model
Proper set of simulation tools Real time simulation
- Computational speed-ups via parallel computing
- Timely flicker assessments
HIL with industrial PQ meters
Simulation Requirements
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Develop, test and evaluate performance of control techniques
Voltage Control
Power Factor Control
Newly developed techniques
Voltage Regulation & Flicker Mitigation Techniques
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Results
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
Voltage a
t P
CC
(pu)
Time (s)
Unity
Voltage control
Power factor control
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0.98
1
1.02
Voltage a
t P
CC
(pu)
Time (s)
Voltage control
Voltage control + dynamic Volt/Var
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
Voltage a
t P
CC
(pu)
Time (s)
Power factor control
Power factor control + dynamic Volt/Var
Scenario Pst
Unity power factor 0.2188
Voltage control (Vref = 1pu) 0.1739
Power factor control (0.95 lagging) 0.1762
VC + dynamic Volt/VAR 0.0433
PFC + dynamic Volt/VAR 0.0443
Voltage at PCC (pu) Voltage at PCC (pu)
Voltage at PCC (pu)
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Develop and test advanced fault detection schemes for synchronous DGs.
Based on data-mining techniques
Implement the protection schemes on widely used industrial relays via the hardware-in-loop approach
Case Study: Interconnection Protection
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Islanding
Over-Voltages
Ferroresonance
Loss of Synchronism
Loss of Coordination
Sympathetic Trippings
Why Interconnection Protection is needed?
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Interconnection Protection
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Widely used industry relays
SEL 351R-HQ was connected to the OPAL-RT
Industrial Relays
ABB Relays
SEL Relays
GE Relays
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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System Setup
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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System Setup
Tripping/Faults Events Information
HMIAcSELerator
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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SEL 351R Relay Configuration
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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SEL relay is configured using data-mining based decision trees50P, 50Q, 50G elements used
SEL 351R Relay Configuration
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Fault Events – HIL with SEL-351R
LLL Fault LLG Fault
LL Fault SLG Fault
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Virtualizing a distribution system model in real-time has numerous benefits with regard to: Fast execution times and prompt results
Interfacing with physical power distribution network devices
Acquire more industrial relays and test new fault detection strategies, co-ordination methods and interoperability (IEC 61850)
Conclusion and Future Work
The 7th International Conferenceon Real-Time Simulation TechnologiesMontreal | 9-12 June, 2014
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Thank you