only the important stuff
TRANSCRIPT
English 92013-2014
ONLY THE
IMPORTANT
STUFF.
Setting
2
… is WHEN and WHERE a story takes place
Sights
Sounds
Colors
Textures
•Helps readers visualize
•Helps set tone or mood of story
Time of day
Time of year
Time in history
Scenery
Weather
Location
Character
3
… the people or animals in a story.
Major: The conflict
revolves around these
characters.
vs.
Minor: Help move plot
events forward but are
not essential to the
conflict.
Static – does not change over time
Dynamic – changes over time
Round - has a complex personality
Flat – has a one characteristic type of
personality
Plot
4
The sequence of events in a story.
Conflict
5
The struggle between opposing characters or forces.
What does the character want?What is keeping the character from getting
what he or she wants?
Sometimes brings
About changeNot always bad
Conflict
6
External Conflict
A character struggles against
something outside of himself
Man v. Man
Man v. Society
Man v. Nature
Internal Conflict
A character struggles against
something inside of herself
Man v. Himself/Herself
Without CONFLICT there is no plot!
Point of View
7
The perspective from which the story is being told.
First Person
The narrator is a
character in the story.
I, me, my, our, we
Third Person
The narrator is an outsider
looking in on the story as it
unfolds.
Him, her, them, their
Characterization
8
The way we get to know the characters in a story.
Direct Characterization
What the speaker
directly says or thinks
about a character.
The speaker tells what
the character is like.
Indirect Characterization
What the character says
or does.
The reader has to infer
(gather clues) what the
character is like.
Theme
9
The central message or insight into life revealed through a literary
work.
•May be stated directly
•May be implied (hinted at) – readers think about what the work
suggests about people or life.
Flashback
10
An interruption in the action of the plot to tell what happened earlier
time.
Irony
11
The differences between appearance and reality, or between
expectation and result.
There are three types of Irony.
1.Verbal Irony
2.Situational Irony
3.Dramatic Irony
Foreshadow
12
Clues that suggest events that have yet to occur.
•Helps create suspense
•Keeps readers wondering about what will happen next.
Mood
13
The feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage.
Created by descriptive details.
Often described in a single word.
Imagery
14
The descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create
word pictures for the reader.
Sight
Sound
Taste
Touch
Smell
“The train brakes screeched in the
distance…”
“Her weathered and leathery skin
showed the abuse from the sun…”
“The burning spice left its mark in
their mouths…”
“Her velvety soft and gentle hands
reassured me…”
“Our noses cringed as the stench of
death wafted past us…”
Simile
15
A figure of speech in which the words like or as are used to compare
two apparently dissimilar items.
Ex. “Does it dry up/like a raisin in the sun?”
Metaphor
16
A figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were
something else.
Ex. “…if dreams die/ Life is a broken-winged bird/ That cannot fly.”
Personification
17
The type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is
given human characteristics.
Ex. “ Tossing their heads in sprightly dance…”
Hyperbole
18
A deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
(often used for comic effect)
Ex. “If someone told you to ‘take a long walk
off a short pier,’ would you do that too?”
Onomatopoeia
19
The use of words that imitate sounds.
buzz
thud
sizzle
hiss
Diction/Tone
The author’s attitude toward a subject.
20
4. Protagonist
Meaning – the main character
Example
– Alice from Alice in Wonderland
– Tarzan from Tarzan
– Cinderalla from Cinderella
5. AntagonistMeaning – the character that the
protagonist struggles against
– The “bad guy”
Example:
– Captain Hook from Peter Pan
– The Big Bad Wolf from The Three Little Pigs
FOIL CHARACTER
a character whose main purpose is to
offer a contrast to another character ,
usually the protagonist
23
Symbolism
The use of a symbol to convey an idea.
SYMBOL – a person or thing that
represents both itself and a larger idea.
24
Repetition
25
The use of any element of language (sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence,
line, etc.) more than once.
Examples:
(repetition of sounds
and sound patterns)
Alliteration
Assonance
Rhyme
rhythm
** used for musical effect and/or
emphasis
Monologue
Long speech made by one character
while other characters are on stage
26
Soliloquy
Long speech made by one character
ALONE on stage (no other characters
involved)
27
Rhyme
28
The repetition of sounds at the ends of words.
Ex.
“Swans sing before they die – ‘twere no bad thing
Should certain persons die before they sing.”
Alliteration
29
The repetition of initial consonant sounds.(used to give emphasis to words, to imitate sounds, and to create musical effects)
Ex.
“Once upon a midnight dreary,
While I pondered weak and weary…”
Assonance
30
The repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in
two or more stressed syllables.
Examples:
"If I bleat when I speak it's because I just got . . . fleeced."
(Al Swearengen in Deadwood, 2004)
"It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans!"
(advertising slogan for Hoover vacuum cleaners, 1950s)
"The law may not change the heart, but it can restrain the heartless."
(Martin Luther King, Jr., address to the National Press Club on July 19, 1962)
"Those images that yet
Fresh images beget,
That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea."
(W.B. Yeats, "Byzantium")
Consonance
31
The repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables with
different vowel sounds, as in hat and sit.
’T was later when the summer
went
Than when the cricket came,
And yet we knew that gentle
clock
Meant nought but going home.
’T was sooner when the cricket
went
Than when the winter came,
Yet that pathetic pendulum
Keeps esoteric time.
(Emily Dickinson, "’T was later
when the summer went")