online psy 266 ch. 1 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present
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2 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
What Is Psychological
Abnormality? Many definitions proposed Most definitions share 4 features:
◦ “The Four Ds”
Deviance –______________________________
Distress –_______________________________
Dysfunction –___________________________
Danger – ____
How would you define each of these? Each will be covered in more detail
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3 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Deviance
From what?
◦ From behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that
differ markedly from a society’s ideas about
proper functioning
◦ From social norms
Explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct
Judgments of abnormality also depend on
specific circumstances (i.e., social context)
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Social Norms Vary
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You see someone dressed like this
today, it’s cause for concern. But Oct
31, wouldn’t even stand out – except for
being awesome.
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6 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Distress
Behavior, ideas, or emotions usually
have to cause distress before they can
be labeled abnormal
◦ Not always the case
Examples of behavior that deviates from social
norms but does not cause distress:
Clothing styles
Skydiving, bungee jumping
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7 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Dysfunction
Interferes with daily functioning
Culture plays a role in the definition of
abnormality
Dysfunction alone does not
necessarily indicate psychological
abnormality
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8 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Danger
Behavior that is dangerous to oneself
or others
◦ May be careless, hostile, or confused
Although cited as a feature of
psychological abnormality, research
suggests that being dangerous is the
exception rather than the rule
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Four Factors
These 4 factors – deviance, distress,
dysfunction, and danger are all taken
into account to determine whether
behavior is abnormal
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10 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
Treating Abnormal Behavior
First, clinicians decide that a person
is suffering from abnormality
Second, treatment, or therapy:
designed to change abnormal
behavior into more normal behavior
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11 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
What Is Treatment?
• According to Jerome Frank, all forms of therapy have three essential features:
1. A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer
2. A trained, socially accepted healer
3. A series of contacts between the healer and the suffer attempting to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior
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12 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
What were those treatments
again?• According to Jerome Frank, all forms of
therapy have three essential features:
1. A ________ who seeks relief from the healer
2. A trained, socially acceptable
3. A __________________ between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior
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13 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
What Is Treatment?
Broad guidelines, specifics often unclear:
◦ Lack of agreement about goals or aims
◦ Lack of agreement about successful outcome
◦ Lack of agreement about failure
◦ Are clinicians seeking to cure? To teach?
◦ Are sufferers patients (ill) or clients (having
difficulty)?
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Who Seeks Treatment?
Each year, psychological disturbances
displayed by:
◦ 30% of adults in U.S.
◦ 19% of children
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Comer: Abnormal
Psychology, Seventh EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Figure 1.1 The impact of deinstitutionalization
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Treatment in the Past
Holes from
trephinatio
n – sought
to release
evil spirits
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Asylum in
1700s
England –
Bethlehem
Hospital, or
Bedlam
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18 Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 7e
The Early Twentieth Century:
Dual Perspectives Beginning in 1800s, replaced moral
perspective
◦ Mental illness was due to character faults
1. The Somatogenic Perspective
◦ Abnormal functioning has physical causes
2. The Psychogenic Perspective
◦ Abnormal functioning has psychological
causes
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Comer: Abnormal
Psychology, Seventh EditionCopyright © 2010 by Worth Publishers
Table 1.2
Notice the gender
discrepancies