online marketing of electronic items

8/6/2019 Online Marketing of Electronic Items

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Online marketing /selling of second hand electronic items

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

Marketing is a business term referring to the promotion of products, advertising,

pricing, distribution channels, andbranding. The term developed from the original

meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a

market to sell goods or services. The American Marketing Association (AMA)

states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for

creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing

customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders."

American Marketing Association (2008)

Marketing practice tends to be seen as a creative industry, which includes

advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the

customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market

research. Marketing is influenced by many of the social sciences, particularly

psychology,sociology, and economics.Anthropology is also a small, but growing

influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it isalso related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also infamous

for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.

Louise and comScore (2007)

Direct marketing is a sub-discipline and type of marketing. There are two main

definitional characteristics which distinguish it from other types of marketing.

The first is that it attempts to send its messages directly to consumers, without the

use of intervening media. This involves commercial communication (direct mail,

e-mail, telemarketing) with consumers or businesses, usually unsolicited. The

second characteristic is that it is focused on driving purchases that can be

attributed to a specific "call-to-action." This aspect of direct marketing involves

an emphasis on trackable, measurable positive (but not negative) responses from

consumers (known simply as "response" in the industry) regardless of medium. If
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising


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the advertisement asks the prospect to take a specific action, for instance call a

free phone number or visit a website, then the effort is considered to be direct

response advertising. Ian Mohr (2006)

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that

interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol

Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private

and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope

that are linked by copperwires, fiber-optic cables, wirelessconnections, and other

technologies. The Internet carries various information resources and services,

such as electronic mail, online chat,file transferand file sharing, online gaming,

and the inter-linkedhypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide

Web (WWW). David (2008)

Affiliate marketing is an Internet-based marketing practice in which a business

rewards one or more affiliatesfor each visitor or customer brought about by the

affiliate's marketing efforts. Affiliate marketing is also the name of the industry

where a number of different types of companies and individuals are performing

this form ofInternet marketing, including affiliate networks, affiliate management

companies, and in-houseaffiliate managers, specialized third partyvendors, and

various types of affiliates/publishers who promote the products and services of

their partners. (Lone morea 2006)

The Internet has brought many unique benefits to marketing, one of which being

lower costs for the distribution of information and media to a global audience.

The interactive nature of Internet marketing, both in terms of providing instant

response and eliciting responses, is a unique quality of the medium. Internet

marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it refers to

digital media such as the Internet, e-mail, and wireless media; however, Internet

marketing also includes management of digital customer data and electronic

customer relationship management (ECRM) systems. Louise (2008)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_chathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_gaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendor_(supply_chain)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendor_(supply_chain)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECRMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_chathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_gaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertexthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Webhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate_managerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendor_(supply_chain)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECRMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008


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1.2 Statement of the problem

Tradition marketing/ selling has its own limitation including limited market

scope, cost of maintaining physical stoke and the problem of coordinating

suppliers and customer. When it comes to second hand items marketing is

normally done by brokers which increases the cost.

The project intends to implement a C2C (consumer to consumer) e-commerce

model that will link customers who have second hand electronic items to

customers who want the items thus eliminating intermediaries

1.3 General objective

To build a web site that will facilitate buying and selling of second hand

electronic items

1.4 Specific objectives

To design a well linked attractive website

To build a website that takes convenient time to load and serve the customers

To build an electronic database that will be used to store system data

1.5 Scope

The project will be base on Copper Electronics it is to specifically deal with

registration of items, categories, linking customer who have items to customers

who want them, retrieval and generation of financial reports.

1.6 Significance

The new system will reduce cost of operation

It will provide ready market for second hand items

It will also generate income to the hosting company


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Literature review

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Marketing

Marketing is a business term referring to the promotion of products, advertising,

pricing, distribution channels, andbranding. The term developed from the original

meaning which referred literally to going to market, as in shopping, or going to a

market to sell goods or services. The American Marketing Association (AMA)

states, "Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for

creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing

customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.

Marketing practice tends to be seen as a creative industry, which includes

advertising, distribution and selling. It is also concerned with anticipating the

customers' future needs and wants, which are often discovered through market

research. Marketing is influenced by many of the social sciences, particularly

psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but growing

influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising, it is

also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also infamous

for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture

Louise and comScore (2008).

In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a

number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision

to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that all those actions of the

company represented a Marketing Mix. ProfessorE. Jerome McCarthy, also at

the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s, suggested that the Marketing Mix

contained 4 elements: product, price, place and promotion.

Product: The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the

actual goods or services, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants. The

scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties,

guarantees, and support.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-userhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jerome_McCarthyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-user


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Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including

discounts. The price need not be monetary - it can simply be what is exchanged

for the product or services, e.g. time, energy, or attention.

Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and personal

selling, branding and refers to the various methods of promoting the product,

brand, or company.

Placement (ordistribution): refers to how the product gets to the customer; for

example, point-of-sale placement or retailing. This fourth P has also sometimes

been calledPlace, referring to the channel by which a product or service is sold

(e.g. online vs. retail), which geographic region or industry, to which segment

(young adults, families, business people), etc. also referring to how the

environment in which the product is sold in can affect sales.

2.1.0 Direct marketing

is a sub-discipline and type of marketing. There are two main definitional

characteristics which distinguish it from other types of marketing. The first is that

it attempts to send its messages directly to consumers, without the use of

intervening media. This involves commercial communication (direct mail, e-mail,

telemarketing) with consumers or businesses, usually unsolicited. The second

characteristic is that it is focused on driving purchases that can be attributed to a

specific "call-to-action." This aspect of direct marketing involves an emphasis on

trackable, measurable positive (but not negative) responses from consumers

(known simply as "response" in the industry) regardless of medium. If the

advertisement asks the prospect to take a specific action, for instance call a free

phone number or visit a website, then the effort is considered to be direct response

advertising. Spartan Internet Consulting (2006)

The term direct marketingis believed to have been first used in 1961 in a speech

by Lester Wunderman, who pioneered direct marketing techniques with brands

such as American Express and Columbia Records.The term junk mail, referring

to unsolicited commercial ads delivered via post office or directly deposited in

consumers' mail boxes, can be traced back to 1954. The term spam, meaning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_promotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://spartaninternet.com/2008/news.asp?id=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Wundermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales_promotionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retailerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-free_telephone_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_response_marketinghttp://spartaninternet.com/2008/news.asp?id=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Wundermanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam


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"unsolicited commercial email", can be traced back to March 31, 1993, although

in its first few months it merely referred to inadvertently posting a message so

many times on UseNet that the repetitions effectively drowned out the normal

flow of conversation.

Although Wunderman may have been the first to use the term direct marketing,

the practice of mail order selling (direct marketing via mail) essentially began in

the U.S. upon invention of the typewriterin 1867.

The first modern mail-order catalog was produced by Aaron Montgomery Ward

in 1872.The Direct Mail Advertising Association, predecessor of the present-day

Direct Marketing Association, was first established in 1917.Third classbulk mail

postage rates were established in 1928.

2.1.1 Direct Marketing Benefits and drawbacks

Direct marketing is attractive to many marketers, because in many cases its

positive effect (but not negative results) can be measured directly. For example, if

a marketer sends out one million solicitations by mail, and ten thousand

customers can be tracked as having responded to the promotion, the marketer can

say with some confidence that the campaign led directly to the responses. The

number of recipients who are offended by the junk mail/spam, however, is not

easily measured. By contrast, measurement of other media must often be indirect,

since there is no direct response from a consumer. Measurement of results, a

fundamental element in successful direct marketing, is explored in greater detail

elsewhere in this article. Yet since the start of the Internet-age the challenges of

Chief Marketing Executives (CMOs) are tracking direct marketing responses and

measuring results. Center For Responsive Politives (2008)

While many marketers like this form of marketing, some direct marketing efforts

using particular media have been criticized for generating unwanted solicitations.

For example, direct mail that is irrelevant to the recipient is considered junk mail,

and unwanted email messages are considered spam. Some consumers are

demanding an end to direct marketing for privacy and environmental reasons,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UseNethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Wardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_mailhttp://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/summary.php?id=N00009638http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UseNethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Montgomery_Wardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Marketing_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_mailhttp://www.opensecrets.org/pres08/summary.php?id=N00009638


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which direct marketers are able to provide by using "opt out" lists, variable

printing and more targeted mailing lists. David James(2006)

2.1.2 Channels

Some direct marketers also use media such as door hangers, package inserts,

magazines, newspapers, radio, television, email, internetbanner ads,pay-per-click

ads, billboards, transit ads. And according to Ad Age, "In 2005, U.S. agencies

generated more revenue from marketing services (which include direct marketing)

than from traditional advertising and media.

Direct mail

The most common form of direct marketing is direct mail,sometimes calledjunk

mail, used by advertisers who send paper mail to all postal customers in an area

or to all customers on a list.

Typical junkmail.

Any low-budget medium that can be used to deliver a communication to a

customer can be employed in direct marketing. Probably the most commonly used

medium for direct marketing is mail, in which marketing communications are sent

to customers using the postal service. The term direct mail is used in the direct

marketing industry to refer to communication deliveries by the Post Office, which

may also be referred to as "junk mail" or "admail" and may involve bulk mail.

Junk mail includes advertising circulars, catalogs, free trial CDs, pre-approved

credit card applications, and other unsolicited merchandising invitations delivered

by mail or to homes and businesses, or delivered to consumers' mailboxes by

delivery services other than the Post Office. Bulk mailings are a particularly

popular method of promotion for businesses operating in the financial services,

home computer, and travel and tourism industries. Ian Mohr (2006)

In many developed countries, direct mail represents such a significant amount of

the total volume of mail that special rate classes have been established. In the
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United States and United Kingdom, for example, there are bulk mail rates that

enable marketers to send mail at rates that are substantially lower than regular

first-class rates. In order to qualify for these rates, marketers must format and sort

the mail in particular ways - which reduces the handling (and therefore costs)

required by the postal service.

Advertisers often refine direct mail practices into targeted mailing, in which mail

is sent out following database analysis to select recipients considered most likely

to respond positively. For example a person who has demonstrated an interest in

golfmay receive direct mail for golf related products or perhaps for goods and

services that are appropriate for golfers. This use of database analysis is a type of

database marketing. The United States Postal Service calls this form of mail"advertising mail" (admailfor short).

Telemarketing

The second most common form of direct marketing is telemarketing, in which

marketers contact consumers by phone. The unpopularity of cold call

telemarketing (in which the consumer does not expect or invite the sales call) has

led some US states and the US federal government to create "no-call lists" andlegislation including heavy fines. This process may be outsourced to specialist

call centres. Louise ( 2008).

In the US, a national do-not-call list went into effect on October 1, 2003. Under

the law, it is illegal for telemarketers to call anyone who has registered themselves

on the list. After the list had operated for one year, over 62 million people had

signed up. The telemarketing industry opposed the creation of the list, but most

telemarketers have complied with the law and refrained from calling people who

are on the list.

Email Marketing

Email Marketing may have passed telemarketing in frequency at this point, and is

a third type of direct marketing. A major concern is spam, which actually predates
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Postal_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemarketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Do_Not_Call_Registryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Do_Not_Call_Registryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_(electronic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Postal_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemarketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_callhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Do_Not_Call_Registryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Do_Not_Call_Registryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_Marketinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_(electronic)


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legitimate email marketing. As a result of the proliferation of mass spamming,

ISPs and email service providers have developed increasingly effective E-Mail

Filtering programs. These filters can interfere with the delivery of email

marketing campaigns, even if the person has subscribed to receive them, as

legitimate email marketing can possess the same hallmarks as spam. Mediapost

(2007)

Voicemail Marketing

Another type of direct marketing has emerged out of the market prevalence of

personal voice mailboxes, and business voicemail systems. Due to the ubiquity of

email marketing, and the expense of direct mail and telemarketing, voicemail

marketing presented a cost effective means by which to reach people with the

warmth of a human voice. Abuse of consumer marketing applications of

voicemail marketing resulted in an abundance of "voice-spam", and prompted

many jurisdictions to pass laws regulating consumer voicemail marketing.

More recently, businesses have utilized guided voicemail (an application where

pre-recorded voicemails are guided by live callers) to accomplish personalized

business-to-business marketing formerly reserved for telemarketing. Becauseguided voicemail is used to contact only businesses, it is exempt from Do Not

Call regulations in place for other forms of voicemail marketing. Businessweek

(2006)

Couponing

Couponing is used in print media to elicit a response from the reader. An example

is a coupon which the reader cuts out and presents to a super-store check-out

counter to avail of a discount. Coupons in newspapers and magazines cannot be

considered direct marketing, since the marketer incurs the cost of supporting a

third-party medium (the newspaper or magazine); direct marketing aims to

circumvent that balance, paring the costs down to solely delivering their

unsolicited sales message to the consumer, without supporting the newspaper that

the consumer seeks and welcomes. The Register(2006)
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Television marketing

Direct marketing on TV (commonly referred to as DRTV) has two basic forms:

long form (usually half-hour or hour-long segments that explain a product in

detail and are commonly referred to as infomercials) and short form which refers

to typical 0:30 second or 0:60 second commercials that ask viewers for an

immediate response (typically to call a phone number on screen or go to a

website).

TV-response marketingi.e. infomercialscan be considered a form of direct

marketing, since responses are in the form of calls to telephone numbers given on-

air. This both allows marketers to reasonably conclude that the calls are due to a

particular campaign, and allows the marketers to obtain customers' phone

numbers as targets for telemarketing. Under the Federal Do-Not-Call List rules in

the US, if the caller buys anything, the marketer would be exempt from Do-Not-

Call List restrictions for a period of time due to having a prior business

relationship with the caller. Major players are firms like QVC, Thane Direct, and

Interwood Marketing Group then cross-sell, and up-sell to these respondents.

David James (2007)

2.2 The internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that

interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol

Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of private

and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope

that are linked by copperwires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other

technologies. The Internet carries various information resources and services,

such as electronic mail, online chat, file transferand file sharing, online gaming,

and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide

Web (WWW).

The opening of the network to commercial interests began in 1988. The US

Federal Networking Council approved the interconnection of the NSFNET to the
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commercial MCI Mail system in that year and the link was made in the summer

of 1989. Other commercial electronic e-mail services were soon connected,

including OnTyme, Telemail and Compuserve. In that same year, three

commercial Internet service providers (ISP) were created: UUNET, PSINET and

CERFNET. Important, separate networks that offered gateways into, then later

merged with, the Internet include Usenet and BITNET. Various other commercial

and educational networks, such as Telenet, Tymnet, Compuserve and JANET

were interconnected with the growing Internet. Telenet (later called Sprintnet)

was a large privately funded national computer network with free dial-up access

in cities throughout the U.S. that had been in operation since the 1970s. This

network was eventually interconnected with the others in the 1980s as the TCP/IP

protocol became increasingly popular. The ability of TCP/IP to work over

virtually any pre-existing communication networks allowed for a great ease of

growth, although the rapid growth of the Internet was due primarily to the

availability of commercial routers from companies such as Cisco Systems,

Proteon and Juniper, the availability of commercial Ethernet equipment for local-

area networking and the widespread implementation of TCP/IP on the UNIX

operating system. Spartan Internet Consulting (2006)

An early popularweb browserwas ViolaWWW, patterned afterHyperCard and

built using the X Window System. It was eventually replaced in popularity by the

Mosaic web browser. In 1993, the National Center for Supercomputing

Applications at the University of Illinois released version 1.0 of Mosaic, and by

late 1994 there was growing public interest in the previously academic, technical

Internet. By 1996 usage of the word Internet had become commonplace, and

consequently, so had its use as a synecdoche in reference to the World Wide Web.

Meanwhile, over the course of the decade, the Internet successfully

accommodated the majority of previously existing public computer networks

(although some networks, such as FidoNet, have remained separate). During the

1990s, it was estimated that the Internet grew by 100% per year, with a brief

period of explosive growth in 1996 and 1997. This growth is often attributed to

the lack of central administration, which allows organic growth of the network, as
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well as the non-proprietary open nature of the Internet protocols, which

encourages vendor interoperability and prevents any one company from exerting

too much control over the network.Louise and comScore (2006)

The World Wide Web.

Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web (or just the Web)

interchangeably, but, as discussed above, the two terms are not synonymous.

The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other

resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the

web servers and other machines that store originals, and cached copies, of these

resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet. Web

services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to

share and exchange business logic and data. (Morgan 2004)

Software products that can access the resources of the Web are correctly termed

user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox and

Apple Safari, access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another

via hyperlinks. Web documents may contain almost any combination ofcomputer

data including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content

including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.

Through keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and

Google, millions of people worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and

diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional

libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralizationof information and data.. Using the Web, it is also easier than ever before for

individuals and organisations to publish ideas and information to an extremely

large audience. Anyone can find ways to publish a web page, a blog or build a

website for very little initial cost. Publishing and maintaining large, professional

websites full of attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult

and expensive proposition, however.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonymoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browsershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(Internet_search)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_(search_engine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonymoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URLshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browsershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_datahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_texthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_videohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword_(Internet_search)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_(search_engine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost


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Many individuals and some companies and groups use "web logs" orblogs, which

are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some commercial

organisations encourage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of

specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge

and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example

of this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal

blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.

Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain

popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as

Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer

offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have largefollowings. These operations often brand themselves as social network services

rather than simply as web page hosts. (Clarace 2005)

Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of

products and services directly via the Web continues to grow.

In the early days, web pages were usually created as sets of complete and isolated

HTML text files stored on a web server. More recently, websites are more oftencreated using content management system (CMS) orwiki software with, initially,

very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members

of a club or other organisation or members of the public, fill underlying databases

with content using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors

view and read this content in its final HTML form. There may or may not be

editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly

entered content and making it available to the target visitors.

2.2.0 Internet marketing

Internet marketing, also referred to as web marketing, online marketing, or

eMarketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet.
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The Internet has brought many unique benefits to marketing, one of which being

lower costs for the distribution of information and media to a global audience.

The interactive nature of Internet marketing, both in terms of providing instant

response and eliciting responses, is a unique quality of the medium. Internet

marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it refers to

digital media such as the Internet, e-mail, and wireless media; however, Internet

marketing also includes management of digital customer data and electronic

customer relationship management (ECRM) systems.

Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet,

including design, development, advertising, and sales. Internet marketing does not

simply entail building or promoting a website, nor does it mean placing a bannerad on another website. Effective Internet marketing requires a comprehensive

strategy that synergizes a given company's business model and sales goals with its

website function and appearance, focusing on its target market through proper

choice of advertising type, media, and design.

Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along different stages of

the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search

engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites, e-mail marketing,

and Web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 The New York Times working with comScore

published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large Internet-

based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in

addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the

authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2,500 times on average

per user per month

Internet marketing and geo marketing places an emphasis on marketing that

appeals to a specific behaviour or interest, rather than reaching out to a broadly-

defined demographic. "On- and Off-line" marketers typically segment their

markets according to age group, gender, geography, and other general factors.

Marketers have the luxury of targeting by activity and geolocation. For example, a
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kayak company can post advertisements on kayaking and canoing websites with

the full knowledge that the audience has a related interest.

Internet marketing differs from magazine advertisements, where the goal is to

appeal to the projected demographic of the periodical. Because the advertiser has

knowledge of the target audiencepeople who engage in certain activities (e.g.,

uploading pictures, contributing to blogs) the company does not rely on the

expectation that a certain group of people will be interested in its new product or

service.

Geo targeting (in internet marketing) geo marketing are the methods of

determining the geolocation (the physical location) of a website visitor with

geolocation software, and delivering different content to that visitor based on his

or her location, such as country, region/state, city, metro code/zip code,

organization, Internet Protocol (IP) address, ISP or other criteria.

Advantages

Internet marketing is relatively inexpensive when compared to the ratio of cost

against the reach of the target audience. Companies can reach a wide audience for

a small fraction of traditional advertising budgets. The nature of the medium

allows consumers to research and purchase products and services at their own

convenience. Therefore, businesses have the advantage of appealing to consumers

in a medium that can bring results quickly. The strategy and overall effectiveness

of marketing campaigns depend on business goals and cost-volume-profit (CVP)

analysis.

Internet marketers also have the advantage of measuring statistics easily andinexpensively. Nearly all aspects of an Internet marketing campaign can be

traced, measured, and tested. The advertisers can use a variety of methods: pay

per impression, pay per click, pay per play, or pay per action. Therefore,

marketers can determine which messages or offerings are more appealing to the

audience. The results of campaigns can be measured and tracked immediately

because online marketing initiatives usually require users to click on an
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advertisement, visit a website, and perform a targeted action. Such measurement

cannot be achieved through billboard advertising, where an individual will at best

be interested, then decide to obtain more information at a later time.

Internet marketing as of 2007 is growing faster than other types of media.Because

exposure, response, and overall efficiency of Internet media are easier to track

than traditional off-line mediathrough the use of web analytics for instance

Internet marketing can offer a greater sense of accountability for advertisers.

Marketers and their clients are becoming aware of the need to measure the

collaborative effects of marketing (i.e., how the Internet affects in-store sales)

rather than siloing each advertising medium. The effects of multichannel

marketing can be difficult to determine, but are an important part of ascertainingthe value of media campaigns.

Limitations

Internet marketing requires customers to use newer technologies rather than

traditional media. Low-speed Internet connections are another barrier: If

companies build large or overly-complicated websites, individuals connected to

the Internet via dial-up connections ormobile devices may experience significant

delays in content delivery.

From the buyer's perspective, the inability of shoppers to touch, smell, taste or

"try on" tangible goods before making an online purchase can be limiting.

However, there is an industry standard for e-commerce vendors to reassure

customers by having liberal return policies as well as providing in-store pick-up

services.

A survey of 410 marketing executives listed the following barriers to entry for

large companies looking to market online: insufficient ability to measure impact,

lack of internal capability, and difficulty convincing senior management
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Security concerns

Information security is important both to companies and consumers that

participate in online business. Many consumers are hesitant to purchase items

over the Internet because they do not trust that their personal information will

remain private. Encryption is the primary method for implementing privacy

policies.

Recently some companies that do business online have been caught giving away

or selling information about their customers. Several of these companies provide

guarantees on their websites, claiming that customer information will remain

private. Some companies that purchase customer information offer the option for

individuals to have their information removed from the database, also known as

opting out. However, many customers are unaware if and when their information

is being shared, and are unable to stop the transfer of their information between

companies if such activity occurs.

Another major security concern that consumers have with e-commerce merchants

is whether or not they will receive exactly what they purchase. Online merchants

have attempted to address this concern by investing in and building strong

consumer brands (e.g., Amazon.com, eBay, Overstock.com), and by leveraging

merchant/feedback rating systems and e-commerce bonding solutions. All of

these solutions attempt to assure consumers that their transactions will be free of

problems because the merchants can be trusted to provide reliable products and

services. Additionally, the major online payment mechanisms (credit cards,

PayPal, Google Checkout, etc.) have also provided back-end buyer protection

systems to address problems if they actually do occur. (Sams web site

02/10/2008 :12:40)
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Chapter three

Methodology

3.0 Introduction

This chapter covers tools used to gather data design and implement an online

market mechanism proposed system

3.1 Data collection tools

This section covers the tools that were used to gather information required in

implementing the system.

3.1.0 Observation

This involved techniques that were used to gathering information from objects

and situations for example procedures and practices of the existing system.

3.1.2 Interviews

This involved a face to face interaction with sturdy population. Interviews were

normally used in cases where detailed response was need. Using this approach

questions were asked and answers recorded down. Information gathered using this

approach included; the operation procedures of the system in use (procedures of

exchange), information processing problems associated with the system as well as

the advantages of the existing system.

3.1.3 Questionnaire

Questionnaires were mainly used to gather information from the illiterate and

semi-illiterate. Here the researcher asked questions in the local language and

recoded down the answers. Where the respondents were literate the researcher left

behind the questionnaires and picked them after they were completed.

Information gathered using this method also included problems of the system and

way forward.


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3.1.5 The internet

This tool was used to gather information mainly about existing computerized

records systems as well as other peoples views about the subject of online

marketing

3.2 Design tools

These are tools used to design the proposed system. They aided the development

of the structural design, function design and database design of the proposedsystem. They included the following:

3.2.1 Data flow diagrams

The data flow diagrams were used to develop a functional design (detailed design)

of the system. The functional design is a detailed description of how the system

performs its role.

3.2.2 Entity relationship diagrams

This tool was used to design the structure of the system database

3.3 Implementation tools

These are tools that were used in turning the system design into running software.

These included:

3.3.0 PHP

A scripting language used to implement the processing engine of the online

market (middle tire)

3.3.1 MYSQL

A query language used to implement the system database (back tire)

3.3.2 HTML

A mark up language used to design the user interface (front tire)


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3.5 Study population

The study population of this system included sales and buyers on second hand

electronics in shauri yako maket.

10 Sales and 15 customers were interviewed, sellers were selected purposively

basing on the type of stoke they hard and customers were selected randomly by

selecting one customer out of ten customers who bought some thing every after

10 minutes.

3.6 Limitations

the research faced a couple of problems during the project process, these

included; lark of cooperation from some respondents, Costs which were so high

and time which was not enough. However with endurance and support from well

wishers the research was able to maneuver.


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Chapter four

System analysis and design

4.0 Introduction

This chapter presents the existing situation and the design of the proposed system

4.1 System analysis

This section presents a detailed description of the existing situation.

4.1.0 Existing situation

The researcher found out that there are several outlets selling second hand

electronic items. Most of these items are imported however; there are many local

people who want to dispose off these items from their homesteads but the

available outlets cant handle a big stoke due to a narrow market. There are also

many people who want the second hand items but can not located them.

4.1.2 Proposed system requirements

This section presents the user, system, and function requirements of the proposed

system

4.1.2.0 User requirements

This includes what the user want from the system and the essential characteristics

that a user must posses to effectively work with the system. They include the

following:

The system shall trap user errors and report them appropriately

The system shall present a user interface that is clear, easy to work with and easy

to learn.

The system shall allow a user to resume from errors without losing any data

The system shall respond to user events even during a long processing activity


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4.1.2.1 Function requirements

These are requirements which describe the services offered by this system. They

include the following:

The system shall allow members who have the items to register them online

The system shall allow those who want to buy the items check them out online

The system shall allow customers to offer a bid for the items of their choice

The system shall allow the item owner to view a list of customers biding for the

item.

The system shall remove items that are taken from the list of items.

The system shall allow the site admin to change system information

4.1.2.2 System requirements

The requirements describe the operation environment of the system. They include

the following:

The system shall run under the windows environment

The system shall work with apache and mysql servers

The minimum run shall be128 mb, process speed shall 3.0 ghz,

The system shall run under any internet browser but preferably Netscape

navigator or internet explorer

The scripting engine shall be php 4.0 and above

4.2 System design

4.2.0 Application design

This is an illustration of the design of user interface and application programs that

use and process the data


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4.2.1 User interface design

This illustrates the user interface components and how they are linked to make the

system work.

Organisation chart illustrating user interface design

Main interface

Admin Item owners Customers

Register items View bidders Submit bid View report


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4.2.2 Transaction design

This is an illustration of the flow of data and control through system processes /

functions

Bid DetailsItem details / bid

request

Bid report/confirmation

Sales decision

0.0

Online marketItem owners

Customers

Site Admin

Data updates/

request for itemdata

Item Data

Level 0

Item details 1.0

Item

registration

1 item data

Verified Item

details

Bid request 1.1

Bid report

generation

2 Bid data

Did details

Level 1


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Bid details 1.2

Bid

registration

2 Bid data

Verified Bid

details

DecisionDecisionrequest

1.3

Sales

decision

generator

3 Decision data

Decision

DecisionDecision

request 1.3

Item Data

update

1 Item data

Item dataUpdated Item

data


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4.2.3 Database design

A database design enhances understanding of users perspective of the data;

nature of the data itself, independent of its physical representations and use ofdata across user views.

4.2.3.0 Conceptual database design

It presents a model of the data used in the church, independent of all physical

considerations. The model was built using the information in users requirements

specification and it serves as a source of information for logical design phase.

Entity relationship model illustrating conceptual database design

4.2.3.1 Physical database design

1.1

1 .M

M .1

Bid forBid

Item

DecisionFor

On


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Its a description of the database implementation based on MYSQL DBMS

system

It describes base relations, file organizations, and indexes used to achieve

efficient access to data. It also describes any associated integrity constraints and

security measures.

Item

Field name Data type Constraint Description

Item id (pk) int No duplicates

Owner name Varchar(50) Not Null

Contacts Varchar(80) Not Null

Item Description

Bid


Rec id (pk) Auto_increament (int) No duplicates

Client name Varchar(30) Not Null

Contacts Varchar(80) Not Null

Item id (fk) int Null

Descision


Rec id (pk) Auto_increament (int) No duplicates

Bid id (fk) Int Not Null

Item id (fk) Int Not Null


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Chapter five

Summary and recommendation

5.0 Introduction

The chapter presents a summary of the project it indicates what was achieved and

what was not achieved it also recommend related areas that require further

investigations.

5.1 Summary/Conclusion

The researcher managed to accomplish the project objectives as stated in chapter

one. Using SQL the researcher was in position to implement an electronic

database, this database supports data capturing storing and retrieval, it enforces

data security and integrity. The database is maintained by Mysql database

management system but it can import and export data to and from other database

management system.

Using HTML the research was able to implement a well linked site navigation

system and the researcher guarantees that no user can get lost in the process of

shopping.

The researcher implemented a search engine which makes information retrieval

much easier. Customers can use the search engine to look for different types of

items as they make their selection. The search engine takes on an item category

and returns all items under that category.


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5.2 Limitations

The researcher was a novice to the php language and this affected the quality of

the product but if the researcher had ample time to perfect the php language

quality would have been standard

The researcher had no access to internet servers and there four tested the product

using local network hence the product was not sufficiently tested to the

researchers expectation.

5.3 Recommendation

Basing on the limitations above the researcher recommends further investigations

in the following areas:

Implementing an e-mail system to deliver feedback to customers


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References

1. Louis and Comscore 2007,forecasting customer future needs and demand

new times magazine2. Lan morea 2002Direct marketing, a contemporary approach to medieval

business systems

3. David land 2008 Internet trends since development

4. Lan Morea 2006Affiliate marketing an internet bases marketing practice

Lincoln Press publishers

5. Mark Louis 2008 Unique benefits of internet to marketing Acclaim

publishers us borough

6. The New York Times 2008 internet marketing a broad base strategy for

international marketing

7. Clarace 2005 the world wide web and the development of ecomerce,

preintice press New York

8. Business week2006 voice mailling as a form of direct marking, benefits

and challenges. Lincon publishers

9. David James 2006 critisim agains direct marketing machanism a

contemporary anaysis of business stratagies New York publishers

10. Spartan Internet Consulting 2006 un solisted commercial comunication

with consumers and business, the New York times
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2006/tc20061207_485162.htmhttp://spartaninternet.com/2008/news.asp?id=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2006/tc20061207_485162.htmhttp://spartaninternet.com/2008/news.asp?id=9


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Apendix a


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