onion & garlic cultivation with processing

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Title: The Complete Book on Onion & Garlic Cultivation with

Processing (Production of Onion Paste, Flakes, Powder &

Garlic Paste, Powder, Flakes, Oil)

Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & EngineersAuthor: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers

Format: Paperback

ISBN: 978-81-7833-159-1

Code: ENI290

Pages: 416

Published: 2015

Publisher: Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.


“Onion and garlic are the spice commodities used for flavouringthe dishes. These are considered as valuable medicinal plants offervariety of medicinal properties. Onion & garlic are importantcommercial crops with versatile applications. The demand for theprocessed products is increasing day by day due to its convenienceto handle and use. Onion & garlic can be processed into a widevariety of products. As per the estimate, approximately 6.75% ofthe onion produced is being processed. Besides fulfilling the


the onion produced is being processed. Besides fulfilling theconstant demand of domestic population, India exports 13 to 18lakh tons of onion annually worth around Rs. 2200 crores offoreign exchange revenue. Similarly in case of garlic, theproduction increased from 4.03 lakh tons to 12.26 lakh tons.

Proper placement of onion & garlic products (like; onion pickle,onion chutney, onion paste, garlic oil, garlic paste, garlic powder,garlic flakes, onion flakes, onion powder) in the departmentalstores, super markets, shopping malls backed-up by publicity isthe key to success. It is also possible to have tie-up with exclusiverestaurants, star hotels, renowned caterers for their regularrequirements. This handbook is designed for use by everyonerequirements. This handbook is designed for use by everyoneengaged in the onion & garlic products manufacturing. The bookexplains manufacturing process with flow diagrams of variousonion & garlic products and addresses of plant & machinerysuppliers with their photographs.


Major contents of the book are varieties of onion, onionproduction, onion dehydration, types of garlic, garlic growing,garlic dehydration, onion pickle, onion chutney, onion paste,garlic oil, garlic paste, garlic powder, garlic flakes, onion flakes,onion powder, pest species and pest control of garlic and onion,integrated weed management, packaging, product advertisingand sales promotion, marketing etc. It will be a standardreference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, foodreference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, foodtechnologists, those studying and researching in this importantarea and others interested in the field of onion & garlic productsmanufacturing”.


1. INTRODUCTION OF ONIONNutrition per Serving of OnionsMedicinal Value of OnionEffectChemical Structure and Influences on FlavourChemical Structure and Influences on FlavourUsesCulinary UsesNon-Culinary UsesHistorical Use


2. VARIETIES OF ONIONYellow Onions or Brown OnionsRed OnionWhite OnionSweet OnionsGreen Onions or ScallionsPearl OnionsPhytochemical Properties of OnionPhytochemical Properties of OnionHealth Benefits of OnionCardiovascular BenefitsSupport for Bone and Connective TissueAnti-Inflammatory BenefitsCancer Protection


Other Health BenefitsDiseases of OnionDamping-OffPurple Blotch (Alternaria Porri)Onion SmutOnion SmudgeBlack MouldBacterial Brown RotBacterial Brown RotOnion Yellow DwarfWhite RotNeck Rot


3. ONION PRODUCTIONPhases of GrowthVegetative PhaseBulbing PhaseBlooming PhaseClimatic RequirementsSoilSite Selection and PlantingSite Selection and PlantingCultivarsOnion SetsIrrigationWeed Control


Pest ManagementHarvestCuringStoring

4. ONION DEHYDRATIONDehydrated OnionOnion Varieties Suitable for DehydrationOnion Varieties Suitable for DehydrationUses of Dehydrated OnionsDehydration Practices for OnionSolar DryingConvective Air Drying


Fluidized Bed DryingMicrowave DryingInfra Red DryingVacuum DryingFreeze DryingOsmotic DehydrationOnion Dehydration ProcessOnion Dehydration ProcessProcessing StepsPower Production and Energy Requirements


5. GARLIC – AN INTRODUCTIONUsesCulinary UsesSpiritual and Religious UsesHistorical UseOther UsesProperties of GarlicChemical StructureChemical Structure

6. TYPES OF GARLIC1. Softneck Garlic2. Hardneck Garlic


Diseases of GarlicHealth Benefits of GarlicCardiovascular BenefitsGarlic and CancerAnti-Inflammatory Benefits Across Body SystemsAntibacterial and Antiviral BenefitsGarlic and Blood PressureAntioxidative Effects of GarlicAntioxidative Effects of Garlic

7. GARLIC GROWINGClimateLand Preparation


Soil/NutrientsSoil FertilityPlantingPlant DevelopmentMulchingIrrigation and LaborPest ManagementPest ManagementWeed ControlHarvest and StorageMarketing


8. GARLIC DEHYDRATIONDryingMethods of Drying1. Hot Air Drying2. Solar and Open Sun DryingExperimental SetupDesignRaw Material and Sample Preparation Raw Material and Sample Preparation WashingDrying Process Flow Chart of Dehydrated Garlic


Equipment/Apparatus UsedMeasurement of VariablesAir Temperature and Relative HumidityAir VelocitySolar RadiationInitial Moisture Content (IMC)Moisture Content during Drying ExperimentEquilibrium Moisture Content (E.M.C.)Equilibrium Moisture Content (E.M.C.)Moisture Ratio (M.R.)Drying Rate (D.R.)Average Drying Rate (A.D.R.)


Quality Evaluation of Dehydrated GarlicRehydration Ratio, Coefficient of RehydrationComparison between Solar and Open Sun DryingFreeze DryingFluidized Bed DryingDehydration ProcessDehydration ProcessDehydration Process Flow DiagramSafety Precautions & Other Cares in Garlic Dehydration


9. ONION PICKLEIntroductionRaw MaterialOnion Pickle Manufacturing ProcessOnion Pickle Process Flow Diagram

10. ONION CHUTNEYIntroductionIntroductionManufacturing Process of Onion ChutneyProcess Flow of Onion Chutney


11. ONION PASTEIntroductionNutrition Information of Onion PasteFrozen Onion PasteManufacturing Process of Onion PasteProcess Flow of Onion Paste

12. GARLIC OILIntroductionGarlic Oil manufacturing Methods


Manufacturing ProcessRemoval of Undesired MaterialWashing of BulbsPeelingCrushing of BulbsA Steam Distillationa. Hydrodistillationb. Direct Steam Distillationb. Direct Steam DistillationAdvantages of Direct Steam DistillationDisadvantage of Direct Steam DistillationInspection and AnalyzingPacking and DispatchingHeart Diseases


Cholesterol LevelsProcess Flow DiagramDiabetesBodily Aches and PainsSkin Problems & Other InfectionsOther Ailments

13. GARLIC PASTEIntroductionManufacturing Process of Garlic PasteProcess Flow of Garlic Paste


14. GARLIC POWDERIntroductionUses of Garlic PowderManufacturing Process of Garlic PowderProcess Flow Diagram (Garlic Powder)

15. GARLIC FLAKES15. GARLIC FLAKESIntroductionManufacturing Process of Garlic Flakes


16. ONION FLAKESIntroductionProperties of Onion FlakesUses of Onion FlakesManufacturing Process of Onion FlakesPlant & Machinery RequiredRaw Material Required

17. ONION POWDERIntroductionVarieties of Onion PowderChemical SpecificationNutritional Information


Uses of Onion PowderMeat RubsBloody Maty DrinksSpice MixesDressingsManufacturing Process of Onion PowderProcess Flow DiagramHealth Benefits of Onion PowderHealth Benefits of Onion PowderLow in Fat and CaloriesPotassiumMagnesiumCalciumLow in Sodium


18. PEST SPECIES AND PEST CONTROL OF GARLIC AND ONION

(a) Indirect Pests of GarlicRemoval of ScapesWeed ControlInsectsOnion ThripsOnion MaggotArmywormsArmywormsWirewormsNematodesDiseasesPink Root


BotrytisRustVirusesPest ControlDisease ManagementOnion and GarlicDamping Off SymptomsManagementManagementCultural MethodsBiological MethodChemical MethodsPurple Blotch


SymptomsManagement(i) Cultural Methods(ii) Host Plant Resistance(iii) Biological Methods(iv) Chemical MethodsStemphylium Leaf BlightSymptomsSymptomsManagementCultural MethodsHost Plant ResistanceChemical Methods


Colletotrichum Blight/Anthracnose/Twister DiseaseSymptomsManagementCultural MethodsHost Plant ResistanceChemical MethodsFusarium Basal Rot/Basal Plate Rot (FusariumOxysporum F.sp Cepaae).Oxysporum F.sp Cepaae).SymptomsManagementCultural MethodsHost Plant Resistance


Biological MethodsChemical MethodsWhite Rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk)SymptomsManagementCultural MethodsBiological MethodsChemical MethodsChemical MethodsPink Root (Phoma (Pyrenochaeta) Terrestris, Fusarium Solani)SymptomsManagement


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