onion
TRANSCRIPT
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WelcomeAssalam-o -Alaikum
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FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BAHAUDDIN ZIKRIYA UNIVERSITY MULTAN
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NAJJA TARIQ 6-A
PRESENTED BY:
PRESENTED TO:
Prof. Dr HABIB UR REHMAN
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ONION
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BOTNEY
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Common Name
Onion(English), Piaz(In Urdu)
Technical Name
Allium cepa L.
Family
Amaryllidaceae
It belongs to the “Bulb Crops” and is biennial or long-season annual plant
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Plant description
Flower
Foliage Leaves
Bulb
Roots
Tunic
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Onion Flower
Mature Flower
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HISTORY
• Orignated in Afganistan, area of Tajikstan and Uzbekstan, western Tien Shan, and India.
• Western Asia and the areas around the Mediterranean Sea are secondry source of development.
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Areas of origin
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UTILIZATION• Consumed both in their early green stage
(spring onions) and after the bulb mature• Used by “poor & rich” but often called “poor
man’s food”• Used in Soups, meat dishes, salads,sandwiches and also as vegetable• Its seed “KALWANJI” is also edible
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Onion SeedSeeds separating from dry flower
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When onion is cut, it irritates the eyes and stimulate the tear glands to produce
tears.Chopping and crushing onions release health-benefiting compounds. These
compound help cleaning our eyes.So don’t stop chopping and cutting the onion
Interesting Facts
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Onion Makes Us Cry
What Makes Onion Cry?
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• Contains:• Starch• Sugars• Protein• Vitamins (A,B & C)• Pungency is due to “Volatile oil” (allyl propyl
disulphide)
Nutritional value
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MEDICINAL VALUEOnion
• Lower blood pressure • Lessen occurance of cancer • Antiseptic for insect bites• Anti diabatic• Antiaging• Stimulate hair regrowth
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• Onion is cool season crop• Essential requirements for bulbs formation of
most of commertial varieties are:1-Long Photoperiod2-High Temperature
CLIMATE
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• It can grow on nearly all types of soils but more suitable soils are:
1-Fertile2-Rich in humus3-Well drained• Optimum pH range from 5.8-6.5• It is sensitive to high acidity
SOIL
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PLANTING TIME
Sowing Transplanting Early planting JUNE-SEPTEMBER JULY-OCTOBER
In plains of Pakistan
Winter crop mid OCT-end NOV DECEMBER and EARLY JANUARY
For Spring crop seeds are sown earlier
In the hills MARCH-JUNE -
It varies with •Locality•Type of onion•Method of propagation
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MANURE AND FERTILIZER• Application of fertilizers depends on soil type,
previous fertilizer applications & crop purpose.• Due to limited root system, they responds to good
fertilizer practices on almost any soil.• Recommendations:1-FYM=40-50 t/ha2-NPK=120-60-60 kg/ha• Half dose of ‘N’ is to be top dressed after one
month; the rest at the time of transplanting
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SOWING METHOD• There are 3 methods commonly used in
planting onions1. Seed (direct seeding)2. Seedling plants or Transplants
They are grown on nursary. They are the easiest to plant and the earliest to harvest
3. Sets (small partely grown onion bulbs)
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Onion Nursary
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Sowing of Onion Sets on Ridges
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SEED RATE• Seed rate depend upon the:1-Purpose of planting2-Distance• In nursery (8-10 kg/ha)• For direct sowing (25 kg/ha) • For bulb sowing (we use 1000-1200 kg
bulbs/ha)
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SPACING• Seedlings are transplanted onto ridges or beds• Recommended distances:1-Ridges to ridges=60 cm2-Plant to plant=10-15 cm• Plant population=50-62 plants/square meter
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Onion Plantation
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Onion Plantation
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IRRIGATION• Correct timing depend upon the following factors:1-Soil2-Current weather conditions3-Age of the crop• Seedbed is irrigated just after transplanting• It is stoped when the tops mature and start falling
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HARVESTING
Mature Ripe BulbWhen bulb is ripe and firm and tops start dropping just above the bulb while the leaves are still green
Green Bunch OnionsWhen they are about diameter of lead pencil and a
small bulb is formed
Harvested as
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Harvested green bunch onion
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Harvested Onions
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Harvested Onions
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Manual Harvesting Mechanical harvesting
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VARIETIES• Pindi Red• Ghotki• Local White• Desi Red• Phulkara• Red Nasik
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A yield of 25-30 t/ha has been recorded
YIELD
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Thank You