ONE CHINA POLICY

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

HOW MANY CHINAS ARE OUT THERE??

Peoples Republic of China (PRC)• China

Republic of China (ROC)• Taiwan

• After the end of Chinese civil war in 1949, Kuomintang (Nationalists) under the leadership of chiang kai shek retreated to the island of Taiwan , after being defeated by communists(led by Mao Zedong).• Chiang kai Shek ruled for 20 years as a military dictator.

ONE CHINA PRINCIPLE

• Both the ROC & PRC accept that mainland china and the island of Taiwan are part of one china that they are not 2 but one china.• The point of contention is the legitimacy of both the

governments.• No official diplomatic relationship between china &

Taiwan.

ONE CHINA POLICY

• The policy or view that there is only state called “china ”, despite the existance of 2 governments that claim to be “China”.• Countries seeking diplomatic relations with PRC must break official relations with ROC and vice versa.

COUNTRIES RECOGNIZING PRC

COUNTRIES RECOGNIZE ROC

WHICH CHINA DOES USA RECOGNIZE AND SUPPORT ???

• In 1949 when communist PRC was established USA didn’t supported it, as USA was supporter of democracy.• Prior to 1971, as PRC was a cold war ally of USSR, and

fully communist USA provided diplomatic , military support to ROC.• The Vietnam war and sino soviet split forced USA to

normalise relations with PRC.• PRC also wanted to balance an aggressive USSR and

sought friendly terms.

• A war took place between China and USSR in 1969.

• In 1972 USA president Nixon Visited PRC, accepted “one china ” to normalise relations with PRC.

• 1979 – officially broke off ties with ROC but still has good relations and is a huge arms suppliers.

CURRENT SCENARIO

• Trump threatens of “ one china policy ” to get better terms and conditions on trade with china.• China doesn’t budget at all.• Finally, Trump says “one china

” policy shall be respected. (on 10th Feb 2017)• $ 600 billion dollar trade in

between China & USA.

HONG KONG & MACAU• One country ,two systems: is a constitutional

principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s.

•  He suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau could retain their own economic and political systems.

•  Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries.

ARE HK AND MACAU SOVEREIGN COUNTRIES??

• No ,rather SAR operated.• Hong Kong Special Administration Region (SAR) of PRC .• Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.• “Relatively autonomous ” but part of china.

LEVEL OF AUTONOMY • Own Government, multi party legislatures.• Legal systems, police forces.• Currency & customs• Sports teams, official languages(HK- Cantonese, English, Macau- portugese,

Cantonese)

• Postal systems• Educational systems• Substantial competence in external relations

• History:• MACAU : Portugese colony and trading port since 16th century.• HK: Ceded to Britain by china under the treaty of NANKING (1842) after the

1st opium war. • 1898 to 99 years

Under china’s control

Military forces No embassiesWorld & UN accept them as a part of

china

THE TRANSFER OF TERRITORIES

• In 1984,a Sino-British joint declaration allowed HK to retain its capitalist economic system and own currency (the hong kong dollar, legal systems, legislative systems, people’s rights and freedom for 50 years).

• Similar agreement with Portugal in 1987.

• Umbrella Revolution : 2014

1997

1999

2047-???Hong Kong

2049-???Macau

THANK YOU

• By: Ashish Kumar Gouda• Cognizen, NITRKL