oncology (onc- = tumor). oncology (onco- = mass) -plasia = new development -trophy = growth...
TRANSCRIPT
Oncology (onc- = tumor)
Oncology (onco- = mass)
• -plasia = new development • -trophy = growth
– Changes in Growth• Changes in sizesize of individual cell
– Atrophy = decrease in cell size
– Hypertrophy = increase in cell size
• Changes in actual number number of cells– Hyperplasia, Dysplasia, & Anaplasia = increase in rate
of reproduction
– Hyperplasia = increase in number of normal cells
– Dysplasia = increase in number of atypical cells
– Anaplasia = increase in number of frankly abnormal cells
• Cancer– Carcinoma (carcin = cancer)– Neoplasia (new development)– Anaplasia (without development)– Sarcoma (sarc = flesh)
Benign vs. Malignant TumorsBenign vs. Malignant Tumors
• Key differences:• Encapsulation vs.
infiltration
• Differentiated cells vs. undifferentiated cells
• Spread of cancer– Metastasis (beyond stopping)
• Plural = metastases• This is a noun
– Metastasize• This is a verb (action)
• Oncology = study of tumors • Tumor = neoplasm
• Benign– Encapsulated
• Malignant– Metastasize = verb
» Metastasis = noun
• Staging tumors– Carcinoma in situ (cis)– Invasive (I,II,III, IV)
• Carcinoma --- from epithelial tissue• Sarcoma --- from connective tissue• Adeno- = gland
– Adenocarcinoma
• Rhabd/o = rod shaped
• Lymphoma– Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL)– Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)
• Blastoma– Key = undifferentiated cells
• Breast Carcinoma– Ductile carcinoma (95%)– Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
• Ca Treatments– Surgery– Chemotherapy
– Radiation therapy