oncology - 4th semi
TRANSCRIPT
8/2/2019 Oncology - 4th Semi
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ONCOLOGY
BY
NISHA SHETTY – 14
KRUPALI THAKKAR - 9
8/2/2019 Oncology - 4th Semi
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CONTENTS
• Breast cancer
•
Lung cancer
• Brain cancer
• Leukemia
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Breast Cancer
• Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the
tissues of the breast.
• There are two main types of breast cancer:
1. Ductal carcinoma starts in the tubes (ducts)
that move milk from the breast to the nipple.2. Lobular carcinoma starts in the parts of the
breast, called lobules, that produce milk.
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Causes/ Risk Factors
• Age and gender
• Family history of breast cancer
•
Genes• Alcohol use
• Childbirth
• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)• Radiation
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Symptoms
• Early breast cancer usually does not cause symptoms.This is why regular breast exams are important.
• As the cancer grows, symptoms may include:
1. Breast lump or lump in the armpit that is hard, hasuneven edges, and usually does not hurt
2. Change in the size, shape, or feel of the breast ornipple -- for example, you may have redness,
dimpling, or puckering that looks like the skin of anorange
3. Fluid coming from the nipple -- may be bloody, clearto yellow, green, and look like pus
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• Men can get breast cancer, too. Symptoms
include breast lump and breast pain and
tenderness.
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• Symptoms of advanced breast cancer may
include:
1. Bone pain
2. Breast pain or discomfort
3. Skin ulcers
4. Swelling of one arm (next to the breast withcancer)
5. Weight loss
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Diagnosis
• Breast MRI
• Breast ultrasound
• Breast biopsy
• CT scan
• Mammography• Lymph node biopsy
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Drugs
• Generic Name :-Paclitaxel
• Brand Name :-TAXOL
• Company Manufacturing :-Bristol-Myers Squibb
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Side Effects
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
•
Change in taste• Thinned or brittle hair
• Pain in the joints of the arms or legs lasting
two to three days,• Changes in the color of the nails, and tingling
in the hands or toes
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• Generic Name :- Letrozol
• Brand Name :- Femera
• Company Manufacturing :-
Novartis
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• Sweating,
• Hot flashes,
•
Arthralgia (joint pain),• Fatigue
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Lung Cancer
• Lung cancer is cancer that starts in the lungs.
•
There are two main types of lung cancer:1. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the
most common type of lung cancer.
2. Small cell lung cancer makes up about 20% of all lung cancer cases.
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• If the lung cancer is made up of both types, it
is called mixed small cell/large cell cancer.
• If the cancer started somewhere else in the
body and spread to the lungs, it is
called metastatic cancer to the lung.
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Causes / Risk Factors
• Cigarette smoking
• Asbestos
•
Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such asuranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel
chromates, coal products, mustard gas,
chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel
exhaust
• Family history of lung cancer
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• High levels of air pollution
• High levels of arsenic in drinking water
•
Radiation therapy to the lungs• Radon gas
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Symptoms
• Early lung cancer may not cause any symptoms.
• Symptoms depend on the type of cancer you have,
but may include:
Chest pain
Cough that doesn't go away
Coughing up bloodFatigue
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Losing weight without trying
Loss of appetite
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Bone pain or tenderness
Eyelid drooping
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Diagnosis
• Bone scan
• Chest x-ray
• Complete blood count (CBC)
•CT scan of the chest
• MRI of the chest
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
• Sputum test
• Thoracentesis (sampling of fluid build-up aroundthe lung)
• Bronchoscopy combined with biopsy
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Drugs
• Generic Name :- Gefitinib
• Brand Name :- Iressa
• Company manufacturing :- Astra
Zeneca
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Side Effects
• Acne
• Diarrhea
•
Nausea• Vomiting
• Dehydration
• Skin reactions,• Paronychia
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• Generic Name :- Erlotinib
• Brand Name :- Tarceva
• Company manufacturing :-
Roche
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Side effects
• Rash
• Diarrhea
•
Loss of appetite• Fatigue
• Rarely, ingrown hairs, such as eyelashes
• Hearing loss.• Partial hair loss
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BRAIN TUMOUR
• Brain tumors are the result of uncontrolled
growth of abnormal cells in the brain.
• Brain tumors can be classified :
Primary
Metastatic
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Causes
• Exposure to radiation
• Family history of certain genetic disorders
•
Having a compromised immune system• Cell phone use
• Consumption of aspartame
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Symptoms
• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Visual and hearing disturbances
• Problems with memory
• Slower thought process
• Weakness on one side of the body orabnormal gait
• Fatigue or increased sleep
• Personality changes
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Diagnosis
• Brain MRI
• CT Scan
•
PET Scan
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Treatment
• Tumor resection
• Debulking
•
Surgery• Radiation therapy
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Drugs
• Temozolomide
Generic Name: Temozolomide
Brand Name: Temodar
Company: Schering-Plough
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Side effects
• Low blood cell counts
• Sickness
•
Tiredness• Sensitivity to the sun
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• Bevacizumab
Generic Name: Bevacizumab
Brand Name: Avastin
Company: Roche
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Side effects
• Diarrhoea
• Tiredness
• Feeling and being sick
• Low blood cell counts
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Leukemia
• Leukemia is a type of cancer of the
blood or bone marrow characterized by an
abnormal increase of immature white blood
cells called "blasts“
• Types:
Acute
Chronic
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Causes
• Mutations in the DNA
• Natural and artificial ionizing radiation
• Tobacco
• Petrochemicals
• Human t-lymphotropic virus
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Symptoms
• Reduced blood counts
• Frequent bleeding
• Anemia
• Frequent infection
• Threatening pneumonia
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Diagnosis
• Complete blood counts
• Bone marrow examination
• X-ray
• MRI
• Ultrasound
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Treatment
• Chemo therapy
• Radiation therapy
• Bone marrow transplant
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Drugs
• Glivec
Generic Name : Imatinib
Brand Name: Glivec
Company: Novartis
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Side effects
• Weight gain
• Reduced number of blood cells
• Headache
• Edema
• Nausea
•Rash
• Musculoskeletal pain
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• Rituxan
Generic Name: Rituximab
Brand Name: RITUXAN
Comapany : Genentech In
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Side effects
• Increased cough
• Infectious events
• Lymphopenia,
• Neutropenia,
• Leucopenia,
•Anemia .